CN115296704A - Distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system and control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control system and a control method for a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna, wherein the system comprises a main control module for generating a beam control instruction and a local oscillation frequency mixing frequency source, and the system also comprises: and the at least one subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source of the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR component, and the TR component comprises an antenna unit. According to the technical scheme, millimeter wave active integrated phased-array antenna beam scanning is achieved in the FPGA through receiving control parameters transmitted by the upper computer or the end machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array communication, in particular to a phased array antenna control system and a phased array antenna control method.
Background
With the rapid rise of 5G millimeter wave communication and broadband low-earth-orbit satellite communication, the millimeter wave active phased-array antenna starts unprecedented development and is widely applied to satellite communication and radar systems. The millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control is mainly realized by receiving a millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction transmitted by an upper computer, and calculating a phase difference and an amplitude value of a TR component through a beam forming algorithm module and a calibration unit. The FPGA has the characteristic of repeatedly programming programs, has higher flexibility, greatly shortens the development period and the development cost, and plays an important role in the field of software radio based on the advantages.
The existing beam control system adopts a cascade mode which is mostly serial cascade, and the mode causes that the transmission of functional signals such as command issuing, system state monitoring, fault detection and the like of a phased array system by a terminal machine needs to pass through a multi-level interface, so that the system delay is too large, and the beam control system is not suitable for a system with high sensitivity requirement. And the beam forming unit realizes the scheme in the terminal machine, so that the phase difference calculation results of each array element are transmitted from the outside, the parallel distribution of configuration code multiple channels cannot be realized, the speed is too low and can only reach millisecond level, and the calibration compensation parameters and the precast beam parameters cannot be stored without a storage device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a phased array antenna beam control method, a phased array antenna beam control system and a storage medium, wherein millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna beam scanning is realized in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) by receiving control parameters transmitted by an upper computer or a terminal.
The above effects are specifically realized by the following technical scheme:
distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system, including the master control module that is used for generating beam control instruction and local oscillator mixing frequency source, the system still includes:
and the at least one subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source of the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR component, and the TR component comprises an antenna unit.
Furthermore, the subarray control module comprises a beam forming unit, and the beam forming unit is used for calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time;
the subarray control module comprises a calibration unit, the calibration unit calls preset phase and amplitude compensation values to compensate phase differences and amplitudes of the antenna units relative to the reference unit, and calibration phase differences and calibration amplitudes are obtained.
Furthermore, the system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, and a parallel transmission architecture is adopted among the subarray control modules.
Furthermore, the main control module receives an instruction sent by the analysis end-point machine or the upper computer to obtain target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
Further, the analysis terminal or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the main control module issues the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
The application also provides a method for controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna, comprising: the main control module generates a beam control instruction and a local oscillation frequency mixing source;
and the subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, and converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR component.
Further, the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit are calculated in real time through a beam forming unit in the subarray control module;
and calling a preset phase and amplitude compensation value through a calibration unit in the subarray control module, and compensating to the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
Furthermore, the system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, and each subarray control module receives the beam control command and the local oscillation frequency mixing source generated by the main control module in parallel.
Further, the main control module receives an instruction sent by an analysis end computer or an upper computer to obtain target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
Furthermore, the analysis terminal or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control command.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the main control module issues the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a control method and device for a satellite-borne distributed millimeter wave active integrated phased-array antenna and a storage medium. And the millimeter wave active integrated phased-array antenna beam scanning is realized in the FPGA by receiving the control parameters transmitted by the upper computer or the terminal machine. Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages:
1. the distributed millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna control system has the advantages that the expansibility is strong, the distributed millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna control system adopts a distributed subarray framework, the framework has the characteristic of expandability, and the expansibility of the system is strong by combining with IO interface resources of the FPGA.
2. The response speed is high, and the beam forming and calibrating unit is arranged in each independent subarray, so that the interface delay can be reduced; and a parallel transmission architecture is adopted between the main control and the sub-array, so that transmission delay can be reduced.
3. The beam direction is flexible, and the system structure provided by the application places the beam forming and calibrating unit in the sub-array, so that a flexible working mode can be realized, and a single sub-array can work independently or a plurality of sub-arrays can work cooperatively.
4. The reliability is strong, and the reliability advantage mainly lies in that the stability of FPGA device is strong.
5. The calibration file and the beam file at the bottom layer can be dynamically updated and configured through the upper computer, so that the method is suitable for different application scenes, and the system has strong universality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is an overall architecture diagram of a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a host system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a subarray control system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of the operation of the main control system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system, which includes a main control module for generating a beam control instruction and a local oscillation mixing frequency source, and the system further includes:
and the at least one subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source of the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR component, and the TR component comprises an antenna unit.
The subarray control module comprises a beam forming unit, and the beam forming unit is used for calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time;
the subarray control module comprises a calibration unit, the calibration unit calls preset phase and amplitude compensation values to compensate phase differences and amplitudes of the antenna units relative to the reference unit, and calibration phase differences and calibration amplitudes are obtained.
The system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, wherein a parallel transmission architecture is adopted among the subarray control modules; the main control module receives an instruction sent by an analysis terminal machine or an upper computer to obtain target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information; and the analysis terminal machine or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the main control module issues the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
Example 2
This embodiment also provides a method for controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna, where the method includes: the main control module generates a beam control instruction and a local oscillation frequency mixing source;
and the subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, and converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR component.
Further, the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit are calculated in real time through a beam forming unit in the subarray control module;
and calling preset phase and amplitude compensation values through a calibration unit in the subarray control module, and compensating the phase and amplitude compensation values to the phase difference and amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
The system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, wherein parallel transmission architectures are adopted among the subarray control modules, and each subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillation frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module in parallel; the main control module receives an instruction sent by an analysis terminal machine or an upper computer to obtain target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information; and the analysis terminal machine or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the main control module issues the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
The above scheme is further described below with reference to specific working scenarios: the whole array works under the same wave beam, and the wave beam forming is in a two-dimensional accurate scanning mode with the precision of 1 degree, and can be used for wave beam accurate scanning. The beam control method is realized by the following steps:
step 1, referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, after the FPGA hardware is powered on, the interrupt initialization and the peripheral interface initialization are performed first, and the calibration file stored in the flash of the main control module is loaded. Meanwhile, a system state monitoring interrupt is set in the CPU, when the system state is abnormal, printing is wrong, and soft reset is carried out.
And 2, referring to fig. 2, the upper computer sends a millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction through a gigabit ethernet port through a TCP/IP protocol (a UART serial port is used as a standby interface), wherein the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction comprises TR mode switching, an antenna pointing angle, an antenna frequency point, an antenna unit interval, an amplitude value and a beam calibration file. The CPU transmits the received beam control instruction parameters to the FPGA end through the AXI4-Lite interface and buffers the beam control instruction parameters by the Bram module, then configures a frequency mixing frequency source of the whole array through the SPI interface, and transmits the beam configuration parameters to the subarray control module through the SPI interface. And only when recalibration is needed, the calibration file is retransmitted and updated to the flash.
And 3, referring to fig. 3, the default working mode of the subarray control module is a mode that the whole array works in the same beam, and calibration parameters prefabricated in the flash are loaded when the subarray is electrified. And the subarray receives the beam control command issued by the main control through the SPI interface and transmits the beam control command to the beam forming unit.
And 4, referring to fig. 4, after the sub-array control module FPGA receives the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction, transmitting the parameters to the beam forming algorithm module and the calibration unit. According to the scanning principle of the planar phased array antenna, the beam angle of the antenna is known in the beam forming unit
And θ, calculating a phase difference between the antennas according to the formulas (1), (2) and (3).
Wherein the antenna elements have a pitch d, d x 、d y Respectively, the distance of the antenna elements on the x-axis and the y-axis, lambda is the wave beam wavelength, cos alpha x And cos alpha y Respectively, the direction cosine to which the beam is directed. Delta phi x 、Δφ y Representing the phase difference between the (i, k) th antenna element and the reference element in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, the in-array phase difference between the (i, k) th element and the (0, 0) th reference element is delta phi Bik ＝iΔφ Bx +kΔφ By (3). Note a = Δ Φ Bx ，B＝Δφ By Then, is Δ φ Bik And (= iA + kB), where a and B denote simplified intra-array phase shift value calibration units, where the phase and amplitude compensation values of each channel are added to the phase and amplitude calculated by the beam forming unit to obtain a final calibration phase difference and calibration amplitude of each channel. Beam forming algorithm module capable of realizing antenna beam angle
And two-dimensional angular scans with theta both at 1 deg. accuracy.
And 5, referring to fig. 3, the phase difference and the amplitude of each array element obtained through calculation are converted into phase and amplitude control codes of the corresponding array units in real time by the sub-array control module according to the working mechanism of the TR component. And finally, outputting the control code of the corresponding array unit to the TR component of the corresponding array through the SPI interface to realize the beam control of the phased array antenna.
Example 3
The application still provides the active phased array antenna control system of second distributed millimeter wave, is different with embodiment 2, and this embodiment system does not carry out the calculation of TR subassembly control code in subarray control module, directly calls the directional file of beam among the host system to carry out TR subassembly control, can realize the fast switch-over of different control strategies, and this system includes:
a beam pointing file and a mixing frequency source local oscillation control instruction are arranged in the main control module, the beam pointing file is issued to the subarray control module, and a mixing frequency source is provided for the subarray;
and the subarray control module switches the direction of the array elements in the TR component and adjusts the amplitude of the array elements according to the beam pointing file.
Furthermore, the main control module and the subarray control module adopt FPGA chips.
Example 4
Based on the above system, a second method for controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna provided by the present application includes:
the main control module issues a beam pointing file to the subarray control module and provides a mixing frequency source for the subarray;
and the subarray control module switches the direction of the array elements in the TR component and adjusts the amplitude of the array elements according to the beam pointing file.
Further, the beam pointing file is stored in a flash module of the main control module, and the main control module issues the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
Furthermore, the main control module and the subarray control module adopt FPGA chips.
The above scheme is further described below with reference to specific working scenarios: each subarray array has a flexible working mode and can be used for various services in a communication system.
Step 1, referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, after the FPGA hardware is powered on, the interrupt initialization and the peripheral interface initialization are performed first, and the calibration file stored in the flash of the main control module is loaded. Meanwhile, a system state monitoring interrupt is set in the CPU, when the system state is abnormal, printing is wrong, and soft reset is carried out.
Step 3, referring to fig. 3, firstly, each subarray control module receives an independent calibration file through an SPI interface, and then writes the independent calibration file into a subarray control module flash after caching through a BRAM. And finally, the subarray receives the beam control command issued by the main control through the SPI interface and transmits the beam control command to the beam forming unit.
And 4, referring to fig. 4, after the sub-array control module FPGA receives the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction, transmitting the parameters to the beam forming algorithm module and the calibration unit. According to the scanning principle of the planar phased array antenna, the antenna beam angle is known in the beam forming unit
And θ, calculating a phase difference between the antennas according to equations (1), (2) and (3).
Wherein the antenna elements have a pitch d, d x 、d y Respectively, the distance of the antenna elements on the x-axis and the y-axis, lambda is the wave beam wavelength, cos alpha x And cos alpha y Respectively, the direction cosine to which the beam is directed. Delta phi x 、Δφ y Respectively, the phase difference between the (i, k) th antenna element and the reference element in the x-axis and y-axis directions, and the in-array phase difference between the (i, k) th element and the (0, 0) th reference element is Δ φ Bik ＝iΔφ Bx +kΔφ By (3). Note a = Δ Φ Bx ，B＝Δφ By Then, is Δ φ Bik = iA + kB, a, B here simplified intra-matrix phase shift values. The calibration unit is used for adding the phase and amplitude compensation value of each channel with the phase and amplitude calculated by the beam forming unit to obtain the final calibration phase difference and calibration amplitude of each channel. Beam forming algorithm module capable of realizing antenna beam angle
And two-dimensional angular scanning with theta both at 1 deg. accuracy.
And 5, referring to fig. 3, the phase difference and the amplitude of each array element obtained through calculation are converted into phase and amplitude control codes of the corresponding array units in real time by the sub-array control module according to the working mechanism of the TR component. And finally, outputting the control code of the corresponding array unit to the TR component of the corresponding array through the SPI interface to realize the beam control of the phased array antenna.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. Distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system, including the main control module who is used for generating beam control instruction and local oscillator mixing frequency source, its characterized in that, the system still includes:
and the at least one subarray control module is used for receiving the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source of the main control module, generating a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, converting the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into a control code of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of an array element in the TR component, and the TR component comprises an antenna unit.
2. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of claim 1,
the subarray control module comprises a beam forming unit, and the beam forming unit is used for calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time;
the subarray control module comprises a calibration unit, the calibration unit calls preset phase and amplitude compensation values to compensate phase differences and amplitudes of the antenna units relative to the reference unit, and calibration phase differences and calibration amplitudes are obtained.
3. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of claim 1, comprising a plurality of sub-array control modules, wherein a parallel transmission architecture is employed between each sub-array control module.
4. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the main control module receives an instruction sent by an analysis terminal or an upper computer, obtains target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
5. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of claim 4, wherein the resolving end-machine or upper computer dynamically updates the configuration of the beam steering instructions.
6. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of claim 4, wherein the master control module issues the beam pointing file to the sub-array control module through an SPI interface.
7. A method of controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna, the method comprising:
and the subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR component based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, and converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR component to realize phase shift and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR component.
8. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control method of claim 7,
calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to a reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time through a beam forming unit in the subarray control module;
and calling a preset phase and amplitude compensation value through a calibration unit in the subarray control module, and compensating to the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein each sub-array control module receives the beam control command and the local oscillation mixing frequency source generated by the main control module in parallel.
10. The method for controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the main control module receives an instruction sent by an analysis terminal or an upper computer, obtains target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
11. The method of controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna of claim 10, wherein the parsing end-machine or upper machine dynamically updates and configures the beam control command.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the master control module issues the beam pointing file to the sub-array control module through an SPI interface.
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