CN115296539B - Boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and control system thereof - Google Patents

Boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and control system thereof Download PDF

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CN115296539B
CN115296539B CN202211169707.6A CN202211169707A CN115296539B CN 115296539 B CN115296539 B CN 115296539B CN 202211169707 A CN202211169707 A CN 202211169707A CN 115296539 B CN115296539 B CN 115296539B
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switch
boost converter
output
voltage
resistor
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CN115296539A (en
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阮珺逸
刘寻
罗元
姜俊敏
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Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel

Abstract

The invention discloses a boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and a control system thereof, wherein the boost converterThe voltage converter comprises a DC input voltage source V in Switch S 1 ~S 4 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 An output capacitor C O Output resistor R and boost capacitor C F (ii) a The control system comprises a first feedback divider resistor R 1 A second feedback voltage-dividing resistor R 2 The boost converter comprises a hysteresis comparator, a driving module and the boost converter. The invention has the obvious characteristics of high voltage conversion ratio and quick load response; compared with other existing high-voltage conversion ratio boost converters with complex structures, the high-voltage conversion ratio boost converter only uses four switches, two capacitors and two inductors, so that a simpler energy transfer process is realized, and the number of used switching tubes and working modes is less, so that the circuit is low in cost and easy to control.

Description

Boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and control system thereof
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a boost converter, and more particularly, to a boost converter with a high voltage conversion ratio and a control system thereof.
Background
With the development of the integrated circuit industry, the quality requirement of the boost converter in the industry is gradually increased. High voltage conversion ratio, fast response converters are becoming more and more popular. The existing boost converter is difficult to meet the requirements of the industry: firstly, as shown in fig. 1, a boost converter adopting a traditional topological structure realizes a boost effect by adjusting a duty ratio of charging time of an inductor in a period, although a very large voltage conversion ratio can be obtained theoretically, since the duty ratio is only an inverse proportional function relationship with the duty ratio, the gain improvement is limited by the limited duty ratio and is not enough to meet the current high-voltage requirement; secondly, for the boost converter of fig. 1, the output current is discontinuous. This means that the output capacitor alone supplies power to the output terminal in a working mode, and therefore, when the output current changes transiently, the following response effect of the output voltage is not good;
in addition, if the response speed of the conventional boost converter is to be improved, a more complicated control structure is generally used; and in theory conventional boost converters are not suitable for compact voltage-mode hysteretic controllers. Finally, some existing high voltage conversion ratio boosters tend to use too much off-chip capacitance or inductance to boost the output voltage, which greatly increases production costs, or does not allow for continuous output current. Therefore, a boost converter with a high voltage conversion ratio and fast load response is becoming increasingly important for products with specific requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a boost converter with a high voltage conversion ratio and a control system thereof, which can effectively improve the voltage conversion ratio of the boost converter and improve the response speed of the boost converter.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a high voltage conversion ratio boost converter includes a DC input voltage source V in Switch S 1 ~S 4 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 Output resistor R and boost capacitor C F
The DC input voltage source V in Positive pole of (2) and switch S 1 Is connected to a DC input voltage source V in Is grounded, switch S 1 Through the first inductor L 1 Connected to the first end of the output resistor R, the second end of the output resistor R and the DC input voltage source V in The negative electrode of (1) is connected;
switch S 2 Is connected to a first terminal of an output resistor R, a switch S 2 Second terminal of the capacitor is sequentially connected with the boost capacitor C F And a second inductance L 2 A second terminal connected to the output resistor R; switch S 3 Is connected to switch S 1 And a first inductor L 1 In between, switch S 3 Is connected to switch S 2 And boost capacitor C F To (c) to (d); switch S 4 First terminal of (2) and switch S 1 Is connected to a first terminal of a switch S 4 Is connected to the boost capacitor C F And a second inductance L 2 In the meantime.
The boost converter further comprises an output capacitor C O Said output capacitor C O Is connected with the first end of the output resistor, and an output capacitor C O The other end of the first resistor is connected with the second end of the output resistor; the voltage between the first end and the second end of the output resistor R is used as the output voltage V of the boost converter O
A control system of a boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio comprises a first feedback divider resistor R 1 A second feedback voltage-dividing resistor R 2 The boost converter comprises a hysteresis comparator, a driving module and a boost converter;
the first feedback divider resistor R 1 Is connected with the first end of the output resistor R, and the first feedback divider resistor R 1 The other end of the first feedback voltage-dividing resistor R passes through a second feedback voltage-dividing resistor R 2 Grounding; the signal input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected to a first feedback divider resistor R 1 And a second feedback voltage-dividing resistor R 2 To (c) to (d); the reference high level input end of the hysteresis comparator is used for inputting a voltage V H The reference low level input terminal of the hysteresis comparator is used for inputting the voltage V L The output of the hysteretic comparator outputs a signal Q to a driver module for controlling the switching on or off of the switch, thereby influencing the output voltage V O Thereby forming a feedback loop.
The signal input at the signal input end of the hysteresis comparator is less than V L When the output signal Q of the hysteretic controller is switched to a digital high level, the high level is input into the driving module, and the driving module controls the switch S 3 And switch S 4 Closed, switch S 1 And switch S 2 Disconnecting;
the signal input end of the hysteresis comparator inputs a signal greater than V H Then Q is switched to low level, and after the low level is input into the driving module, the driving module controls the switch S 1 And switch S 2 Closed, switch S 3 And switch S 4 And (5) disconnecting.
Preferably, the driving module can adopt a single chip microcomputer, an FPGA or a DSP processor; and a positive power supply end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with VDD working voltage, and a negative power supply end of the hysteresis comparator is grounded.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional boost converter, the boost converter has the obvious characteristics of high voltage conversion ratio and quick load response; compared with other existing high-voltage conversion ratio boost converters with complex structures, the high-voltage conversion ratio boost converter only uses four switches, two capacitors and two inductors, so that a simpler energy transfer process is realized, and the number of used switching tubes and working modes is small, so that the circuit is low in cost and easy to control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a boost converter of conventional topology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a boost converter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first mode of operation of the circuit structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second mode of operation of the circuit structure;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the voltage conversion ratio curves of the present invention and a conventional boost converter;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a boost converter of the present invention operating in a voltage mode hysteretic comparison controller;
FIG. 7 is a simulation of a boost converter of the present invention experiencing a load transient response;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the present invention after entering the second steady state.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in FIG. 2, a high voltage conversion ratio boost converter is provided with a DC input voltage source V in Four switches S 1 ~S 4 Two inductors L 1 And L 2 An output capacitor C O Output resistor R and boost capacitor C F Are formed together. As shown in fig. 2, switch S 1 Respectively connected with the switch S 4 Is connected to the positive pole of the input voltage source, switch S 1 Second terminals of the first and second inductors are connected to the inductor L 1 First terminal and switch S 3 Is connected with the first end of the first tube; switch S 2 First terminals of the first and second inductors are connected to the inductor L 1 Second terminal of (1), capacitor C O Is connected to a first terminal of a resistor R, a switch S 2 Second terminals of the first and second switches are respectively connected with the switch S 3 Second terminal and capacitor C F Are connected with each other; switch S 4 Respectively with the capacitor C F Second terminal and inductance L 2 Is connected with the first end of the first tube; negative pole of input voltage source, inductance L 2 Second terminal of (1), capacitor C O And a second terminal of the resistor R is grounded. Output voltage of V O Output load current of I O Inductance L 1 Has an average current of I L1 Inductance L 2 Has an average current of I L2
Fig. 3 shows a first mode of operation of the circuit arrangement, in which the switch S operates 1 And switch S 2 Open, switch S 3 And switch S 4 Closed, boost capacitor C F Is discharged, inductance L 1 And an inductance L 2 Is charged, and the energy in the circuit is gradually concentrated and stored in the inductor L 1 And an inductance L 2 Fig. 4 shows a second mode of operation of the circuit arrangement, in which the switch S operates 1 And S 2 Closed, switch S 3 And switch S 4 Cut-off, boost capacitor C F Is charged, inductance L 1 And an inductance L 2 Is discharged, and the energy of the circuit is gradually concentrated and stored in the boosting capacitor C F In (1).
Further, if the duty ratio corresponding to the mode one is set as D, the mode two is set as 1-D, wherein 0<D<1. According to the principle of the balance of inductance voltage second, the inductance L is known 1 Is provided with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Similarly, for the inductance L 2 Is provided with
Figure 125677DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Further, a boost capacitor C is provided F The DC voltage between the positive and negative electrodes is V F And is provided with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Within the value range of D, the voltage conversion ratio realized by the invention is M 1 And is provided with
Figure 517344DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
In the boost converter of FIG. 1, the voltage conversion ratio is M 2 If the modal duty cycle of the inductive charging is defined as D, then
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Further, the voltage conversion ratio between the two is different by M times, and
Figure 122769DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
therefore, the present invention can achieve a higher voltage conversion ratio as shown in fig. 5 at the same duty ratio. For example, when D =0.5, M =1.5; when D =0.7, M =2.63.
In practical engineering applications, a boost converter is often required to operate in a closed loop state. At the moment, the system forms an automatic control loop, and the value of the duty ratio D is regulated by the loop of the circuit. Fig. 6 shows the boost converter of the present invention operating in a voltage mode hysteretic comparison controller. Resistance R 1 And a resistance R 2 Is a feedback divider resistor, b is a feedback coefficient, and has
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Voltage V H For reference to high level, the voltage V is correspondingly grounded L For reference to low, the two voltages are typically on the order of mV. V H And V L Is input as an input reference signal into a hysteresis comparator, bV O And compares them to determine whether the output Q is high or low. The output signal Q of the hysteretic comparator is therefore a square wave signal and this signal determines the duty cycle D required by the system itself. The signal Q is then passed through a driver module to control the switch to be turned on or off, thereby affecting the output voltage V O Thereby forming a feedback loop. The properties of the hysteretic controller can be represented by the following functions:
Figure 650702DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in the present invention, it is agreed that the period of Q =1 in a certain period corresponds to the duty ratio D, i.e. corresponds to the first modality mentioned above, which can be implemented by designing the logic of the driving module. After the boost converter enters the closed loop steady state, due to the output capacitor C O The charging and discharging are carried out simultaneously with the switching between the first mode and the second mode, so that the voltage on the output capacitor, i.e. the output voltage V O There is also ripple. V O The ripple of the reference level V is obtained by a voltage division coefficient b H And V L Controlling: when bV O Less than V L When the output signal Q of the hysteretic controller is switched to a digital high level, the high level signal is input into the driving module, and the switch S can be processed by the driving module 3 And switch S 4 Closed, switch S 1 And switch S 2 Disconnecting the circuit and entering a first mode; on the contrary, when bV O Greater than V H Then Q will be switched to low level, which in turn will cause the switch S to go into the driver module 1 And switch S 2 Closed, switch S 3 And switch S 4 The circuit is disconnected, and the circuit enters a second mode; when bV O At the position ofIn between, the output of Q will maintain the original state and not change, and the working mode will not change. bV O At V H And V L The vicinity of the value is floated up and down, thereby controlling Q to complete the switching of the switch. The transient response of the load current is considered at this time: if the output current I O There is a sudden and significant increase, which corresponds to an increase in output power (the following analysis ignores the non-ideal thermal power consumption inside the system). Because the instant needs to satisfy the power conservation, the output voltage V O Will then immediately drop, at transient load current I O After the change is completed, the power of the input end is increased along with the power of the output end, and the output voltage V is increased O After the original value is recovered, the system completes a transient response and enters the steady state again. In the transient response described above, the operation of the boost converter is considered when the output voltage V is O Experience a transient drop, will result in a bV O Below V L Then, the output signal Q =1 of the hysteresis comparator, that is, the boost converter enters the first operating mode, and the value of D will become large within a certain time; originally descending V O Gradually recovers with the increase of D, and finally D is determined to be a fixed steady-state value. If the variation of the output current becomes larger, the corresponding variation of D becomes larger.
Voltage-mode hysteretic controllers are considered by the industry to be the simplest controllers, and unfortunately conventional boost converters cannot use such controllers due to logic mismatch; however, in the boost converter of the present invention, the rising of D and V O Is in the same mode of operation, although the controller of the present invention can be implemented very simply.
For the conventional boost converter, even if a more complex controller is adopted, the switching of the working modes is not changed, so that the conventional boost converter can enable the output capacitor to supply power for the load alone in the mode corresponding to D when transient response is experienced. The output capacitor cannot be replenished with charge from the inductor current, which reduces its response speed. In the circuit configuration of the present invention (fig. 6), when the output current experiences a transient rise, the output current goes throughOutput capacitor C O Will not interact with the inductor L 1 The switch is turned off, and the charges are continuously supplemented by the inductor current, so that the output voltage does not drop for the second time, and the recovery time is shortened.
Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of simulations of the boost converter of the present invention when undergoing a load transient response and after entering a second steady state, respectively. The input voltage is 1.8V, the output voltage is 6.8V H And V L With a difference of 14mV, L 1 =6.8uH, L 2 =4.7uH, C F =100uF, C O With 3.3uF and ESR of 40m Ω in the inductance, the switch is realized with real transistors. With a load current of up to 500mA and a voltage conversion ratio of about 3.78, the duty cycle D of the boost converter of the present invention is only about 0.6. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the load current I in sequence from top to bottom O Inductor L 2 Inductor L 1 And an output voltage V O A waveform diagram of (a). The boost converter topological structure has the advantages of obvious high voltage conversion ratio and capability of rapidly coping with load current change, and can meet the product requirements of the current market for boost converters.
While the foregoing description shows and describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to exclude other embodiments and may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and may be modified within the scope of the inventive concept described herein by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A high voltage conversion ratio boost converter, characterized by: comprising a DC input voltage source V in And a switch S 1 ~S 4 A first inductor L 1 A second inductor L 2 Output resistor R and boost capacitor C F
The DC input voltage source V in And switch S 1 Is connected to a first endD.C. input voltage source V in The negative electrode of (2) is grounded, the switch S 1 Through the first inductor L 1 Connected to the first end of the output resistor R, the second end of the output resistor R and the DC input voltage source V in Is connected with the negative pole of the anode;
switch S 2 Is connected to a first terminal of an output resistor R, a switch S 2 Second terminal of the capacitor is sequentially connected with the boost capacitor C F And a second inductance L 2 A second terminal connected to the output resistor R; switch S 3 Is connected to switch S 1 And a first inductor L 1 Between, switch S 3 Is connected to switch S 2 And boost capacitor C F To (c) to (d); switch S 4 First terminal of (2) and switch S 1 Is connected to a first terminal of a switch S 4 Is connected to the boost capacitor C F And a second inductance L 2 In the middle of;
the boost converter has two operating modes, in the first operating mode, a switch S 1 And switch S 2 Open, switch S 3 And switch S 4 Closed, boost capacitor C F Is discharged, the first inductance L 1 And a second inductance L 2 Is charged, and the energy in the circuit is gradually concentrated and stored in the first inductor L 1 And a second inductance L 2 In the second mode of operation, the switch S 1 And S 2 Closed, switch S 3 And switch S 4 Cut-off and boost capacitor C F Is charged, the first inductance L 1 And a second inductance L 2 Is discharged, and the energy of the circuit is gradually concentrated and stored in the boosting capacitor C F In (1).
2. A high voltage conversion ratio boost converter in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the boost converter further comprises an output capacitor C O Said output capacitor C O Is connected with the first end of the output resistor R, and the output capacitor C O And the other end of the same is connected to the second end of the output resistor R.
3. According to claim 1The boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio is characterized in that: the voltage between the first end and the second end of the output resistor R is used as the output voltage V of the boost converter O
4. A boost converter control system with a high voltage conversion ratio, applied to the boost converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: comprises a first feedback divider resistor R 1 A second feedback divider resistor R 2 The boost converter comprises a hysteresis comparator, a driving module and a boost converter;
the first feedback divider resistor R 1 Is connected with the first end of the output resistor R, and a first feedback divider resistor R 1 The other end of the first resistor passes through a second feedback voltage-dividing resistor R 2 Grounding; the signal input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected to a first feedback divider resistor R 1 And a second feedback voltage-dividing resistor R 2 To (c) to (d); the reference high level input end of the hysteresis comparator is used for inputting a voltage V H The reference low-level input end of the hysteresis comparator is used for inputting a voltage V L The output of the hysteresis comparator outputs a signal Q to a driver module for controlling the switch S 1 ~S 4 Thereby influencing the output voltage V of the boost converter O Thereby forming a feedback loop.
5. A high voltage conversion ratio boost converter control system according to claim 4, wherein: the signal input by the signal input end of the hysteresis comparator is less than the voltage V L When the input voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the output signal Q of the hysteretic controller is switched to a high level, and after the high level is input into the driving module, the driving module controls the switch S 3 And switch S 4 Closed, switch S 1 And switch S 2 Disconnecting;
the signal input at the signal input end of the hysteresis comparator is greater than the voltage V H When the signal Q is switched to a low level, the low level is input into the driving module, and the driving module controls the switch S 1 And switch S 2 Closing is carried outSwitch S 3 And switch S 4 And (4) disconnecting.
6. A high voltage conversion ratio boost converter control system according to claim 4, wherein: and a positive power supply end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with VDD working voltage, and a negative power supply end of the hysteresis comparator is grounded.
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JP2006121850A (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-05-11 Yuan Ze Univ High boosting ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of coupling inductor
CN101841238A (en) * 2010-04-12 2010-09-22 无锡中星微电子有限公司 Boost DC/DC converter and logic control circuit therein
CN108649792A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-10-12 华为技术有限公司 A kind of Boost circuit, Switching Power Supply, power supply system and control method
CN114513125A (en) * 2022-02-22 2022-05-17 广东志成冠军集团有限公司 Single-phase inverter and control method and control system thereof
US20220200437A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Cisco Technology, Inc. Active inrush current limitation and hold-up time extension circuit

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CN109302063A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-02-01 上海电力学院 Non-isolation type Buck-Boost DC converter with wide conversion ratio

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006121850A (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-05-11 Yuan Ze Univ High boosting ratio converter using bidirectional magnetic circuit energy transfer of coupling inductor
CN101841238A (en) * 2010-04-12 2010-09-22 无锡中星微电子有限公司 Boost DC/DC converter and logic control circuit therein
CN108649792A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-10-12 华为技术有限公司 A kind of Boost circuit, Switching Power Supply, power supply system and control method
US20220200437A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Cisco Technology, Inc. Active inrush current limitation and hold-up time extension circuit
CN114513125A (en) * 2022-02-22 2022-05-17 广东志成冠军集团有限公司 Single-phase inverter and control method and control system thereof

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