CN103248227A - Switching power supply and switching power supply controller for realizing constant output current - Google Patents
Switching power supply and switching power supply controller for realizing constant output current Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a switching power supply and a switching power supply controller for realizing constant output current. The switching power supply comprises a turn-off time control circuit, a comparer, a logic and driving circuit and a loop control module, wherein the turn-off time control circuit is used for determining turn-off time; the first input end of the comparer is used for receiving a first reference voltage, and the second input end of the comparer is used for receiving an externally input sampling voltage; the logic and driving circuit is used for generating a driving signal according to the output signals of the turn-off time control circuit and the comparer, and the driving signal is used for controlling turn-on and turn-off of a power switch; and the input end of the loop control module is used for receiving the sampling voltage, and the output end of the loop control module is connected with the input end of the turn-off time control circuit and used for adjusting the turn-off time so as to enable the average value of the sampling voltage to be equal to a second reference voltage during the turn-on of the power switch, wherein the first reference voltage is smaller than two timesof the second reference voltage. The switching power supply and the switching power supply controller can be used for precisely controlling the output current to prevent the output current from being influenced by parameters, such as output voltage and input voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to switch power technology, relate in particular to the switch power controller of a kind of Switching Power Supply and realization constant output electric current.
Background technology
With reference to figure 1, in the led drive circuit of traditional buck configuration, during power switch M1 conducting, ON time is Ton, input current flow through power switch M1, sampling resistor Rcs, inductance L 1 and output load capacitance C1, the electric current on the inductance L 1 increases, inductance L 1 stored energy, at this moment, the flow through electric current of output load capacitance C1, output is identical with the electric current that flows through sampling resistor Rcs.When electric current reached set point Vr1/Rcs, the upset of the output signal of comparator 113 generated corresponding triggering signal Reset through logic and driver circuitry 112, makes power switch M1 turn-off.Turn-off time Toff is determined by turn-off time control circuit 111, regulates turn-off time Toff by external resistance R 1.Close at power switch M1 and to have no progeny, the electric current on the inductance L 1 is through sustained diode 1 afterflow, the sustained diode of flowing through 1 and output load capacitance C1, output, and the electric current on the inductance L 1 reduces, inductance L 1 release energy output load capacitance C1 and output.
As Fig. 2, during power switch M1 conducting, the average electrical value of suppose to flow through output load capacitance C1, output is Iout1; When last power switch M1 turn-offed, the average current value of suppose to flow through output load capacitance C1, output was Iout2, and when circuit was in the inductive current continuous mode, Iout1 was identical with Iout2.When output voltage is fixed, because peak current is fixed as Vr1/Rcs, and turn-off time Toff fixes, fix in Toff time internal inductance electric current drop-out value, thereby the ripple of electric current determine, and then can accomplish that output current fixes.
Switching Power Supply among Fig. 1 has realized output current control, and circuit is simple, cost is lower, but shortcoming is also arranged.When output voltage changed, the turn-off time, Toff was constant, and variation has just taken place the inductive current drop-out value in the identical turn-off time Toff, thereby average output current changes, and causes the load regulation of output current relatively poor.And in the circuit of Fig. 1, because inevitable circuit delay, being turned to power switch M1 from the output signal of comparator 113 turn-offs one section turn-off delay time is arranged, and peak electricity fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and continue to increase in this turn-off delay time, thereby when causing input voltage to change, output current also can change, and namely the constant-current characteristics of circuit is good inadequately, the precision deficiency of constant current control.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of Switching Power Supply and realizes the switch power controller of constant output electric current, can accurately control output current, and making that output current is not subjected to output voltage, input voltage is isoparametric influences.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of switch power controller of realizing the constant output electric current, comprising:
The turn-off time control circuit is for the turn-off time of determining the Switching Power Supply power switch;
Comparator, its first input end receives first reference voltage, and its second input receives the sampled voltage of outside input;
Logic and driver circuitry, according to the output signal generation driving signal of described turn-off time control circuit and comparator, this drives the turn-on and turn-off that signal is used for the described power switch of control;
The loop control module, its input receives described sampled voltage, its output links to each other with the input of described turn-off time control circuit, be used for regulating the described turn-off time so that the mean value of described power switch described sampled voltage of conduction period equates with second reference voltage, wherein, described first reference voltage is less than 2 times of described second reference voltage.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described loop control module comprises: trsanscondutance amplifier, in described power switch conduction period, its output current is directly proportional with the difference of described second reference voltage and sampled voltage, and this output current is used for discharging and recharging to compensating circuit, at described power switch blocking interval, the output current of described trsanscondutance amplifier stops to discharge and recharge to described compensating circuit, and the voltage on the described compensating circuit is used for regulating the turn-off time that described turn-off time control circuit produces.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the first input end of described trsanscondutance amplifier receives described sampled voltage, second input of described trsanscondutance amplifier receives described second reference voltage, the output of described trsanscondutance amplifier connects first end of first switch, second end of described first switch connects the input of described compensating circuit and described turn-off time control circuit, the control end of described first switch receives described driving signal, at described power switch described first switch conduction of conduction period, turn-off at described first switch of described power switch blocking interval.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the first input end of described trsanscondutance amplifier connects first end of second switch and first end of the 3rd switch, second input of described trsanscondutance amplifier receives described second reference voltage, the output of described trsanscondutance amplifier connects the input of described compensating circuit and described turn-off time control circuit, second termination of described second switch is received described sampled voltage, the control end of described second switch receives described driving signal, second termination of described the 3rd switch is received described second reference voltage, the control end of described the 3rd switch receives the inversion signal of described driving signal, in described power switch conduction period, described second switch conducting and described the 3rd switch turn-off, at described power switch blocking interval, described second switch turn-offs and described the 3rd switch conduction.
According to one embodiment of present invention, when described sampled voltage reached described first reference voltage, the driving signal that the output signal of described comparator makes described logic and driver circuitry produce turn-offed this power switch.
According to one embodiment of present invention, after the time that described power switch is turned off reached the described turn-off time, the output signal of described turn-off time control circuit made this power switch of driving signal conduction that described logic and driver circuitry produces.
The present invention also provides a kind of Switching Power Supply, comprising:
More than each described switch power controller;
Fly-wheel diode, its negative pole receives input voltage;
Output capacitance and the inductance of series connection, in parallel with described fly-wheel diode;
Power switch, its first end connects the positive pole of described fly-wheel diode, and its second end is exported described sampled voltage to described switch power controller, and its control end receives the driving signal of described switch power controller output;
Sampling resistor, its first end connects second end of described power switch, its second end ground connection.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The switch power controller of the embodiment of the invention obtains sampled voltage on the sampling resistor in the sampling of the power switch conduction device of Switching Power Supply, and by the loop control module turn-off time is carried out loop adjustment, the mean value of controlling this sampled voltage remains unchanged, characteristics when utilizing the Switching Power Supply of buck configuration to be in the inductive current continuous mode reach the constant purpose of output current.
Furthermore, the loop control module of the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises trsanscondutance amplifier, it carries out the error amplification to the sampled voltage on the sampling resistor and second reference voltage, its output connects compensating circuit, voltage transmission on the compensating circuit to the turn-off time control circuit in order to determine the turn-off time, after loop stability, the mean value of the sampled voltage on the power switch conduction period sampling resistor is identical with this second reference voltage, and output current is determined by the resistance value of this second reference voltage and sampling resistor.
Switching Power Supply and the controller circuitry thereof of the embodiment of the invention are simple, and all it doesn't matter for parameters such as output current and input voltage, output voltage, inductance value, can realize accurate constant-current characteristics.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of Switching Power Supply of buck configuration continuous operation mode in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the signal timing diagram of Switching Power Supply shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the Switching Power Supply of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the Switching Power Supply of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the signal timing diagram of Fig. 3 and Switching Power Supply shown in Figure 4;
Fig. 6 is the electrical block diagram of the trsanscondutance amplifier in the switch power controller of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Mainly comprise with reference to the Switching Power Supply among figure 3, the first embodiment: power switch M1, inductance L 1, sampling resistor Rcs, sustained diode 1, output capacitance C1 and switch power controller 300.
Wherein, the negative pole of sustained diode 1 receives input voltage vin, first end of output capacitance C1 connects the negative pole of sustained diode 1, first end of inductance L 1 connects the positive pole of sustained diode 1, second end of inductance L 1 connects second end of output capacitance C1, first end of power switch M1 connects the positive pole of sustained diode 1, second end of power switch M1 connects first end of sampling resistor Rcs, the driving signal GT of control end receiving key power-supply controller of electric 300 outputs of power switch M1, first end of sampling resistor Rcs connects second end of power switch M1, the second end ground connection of sampling resistor Rcs, sampled voltage on the switch power controller 300 reception sampling resistor Rcs and output drive signal GT are to the control end of power switch M1, in order to control the turn-on and turn-off of power switch M1.
Furthermore, output capacitance C1 mainly plays the effect of output current filtering, reduces the ripple of output current and output voltage.And connect between inductance L 1 and the output capacitance C1, the link position of the two can exchange, and output capacitance C1 is configured in parallel with load.
During power switch M1 conducting, inductance L 1 stored energy, the electric current of the inductance L 1 of flowing through this moment is identical with the electric current of flow through output capacitance C1 and output end vo ut, and output current is identical with the electric current of the sampling resistor Rcs that flows through.When power switch M1 turn-offed, the electric current of the inductance L of flowing through 1 to output capacitance C1 and output end vo ut afterflow, continued transmit energy to load through sustained diode 1.When the electric current of inductance L 1 all the time greater than zero, the average current of the inductance L 1 of flowing through when the average current of the inductance L 1 of flowing through during power switch M1 conducting turn-offs with power switch M1 is identical, also the electric current with the output capacitance C1 that flows through, output end vo ut is identical.
Furthermore, the first input end of comparator circuit 313 receives the first reference voltage V r1, second input connects first end of sampling resistor Rcs, when the sampled voltage on the sampling resistor Rcs is higher than preset first reference voltage Vr1, the output signal upset of comparator 313, output cut-off signals Reset is to logic and driver circuitry 312.Turn-off time control circuit 311 is determined the turn-off time according to the control voltage Vc of loop control module 310 outputs, picks up counting when power switch M1 turn-offs, and after timing reached this turn-off time, output was opened signal Set to logic and driver circuitry 312.Logic and driver circuitry 312 is according to the cut-off signals Reset of turn-off time control circuit 311 and comparator 313 outputs and open signal Set and produce and drive signal GT, the turn-on and turn-off state that is used for power switched switch M1, when opening signal Set arrival, drive signal GT and make power switch M1 conducting, when cut-off signals Reset arrives, drive signal GT and make power switch M1 turn-off.The input of loop control module 310 receives the sampled voltage on the sampling resistor Rcs, its output produces this control voltage Vc, control voltage Vc is used for regulating the turn-off time that turn-off time control circuit 311 is determined, so that the mean value of the sampled voltage of power switch M1 conduction period and the second reference voltage V r2 equate that wherein the first reference voltage V r1 is less than 2 times of the second reference voltage V r2.
Need to prove that because the turn-off time in the side circuit postpones, the sampled voltage when causing actual power switch M1 to turn-off is wanted a little higher than first reference voltage V r1.
In first embodiment, loop control module 310 comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 314 and first switch S 1.Wherein, the first input end of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 receives sampled voltage, second input of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 receives the second reference voltage V r2, the output of trsanscondutance amplifier connects first end of first switch S 1, second end of first switch S 1 connects first end of building-out capacitor C2 and the input of turn-off time control circuit 311, the control end of first switch S 1 receives and drives signal GT, the second end ground connection of building-out capacitor C2.In 1 conducting of power switch M1 conduction period first switch S, turn-off in power switch M1 blocking interval first switch S 1.
Furthermore, in power switch M1 conduction period trsanscondutance amplifier 314 operate as normal, the output current Igm of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 is the electric currents that are directly proportional with the input voltage difference of trsanscondutance amplifier 314, namely the value that is directly proportional with (Vr2-Vcs) specifically is expressed as Igm=Gm*(Vr2-Vcs), wherein, Gm is the mutual conductance of trsanscondutance amplifier 314, be a steady state value for the circuit of determining, Vr2 is the magnitude of voltage of the second reference voltage V r2, and Vcs is the magnitude of voltage of sampled voltage.At power switch M1 blocking interval, the disconnection that is connected of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 and building-out capacitor C2.The output current Igm of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 is used for discharging and recharging to building-out capacitor C2, thereby produces the control voltage Vc that is used for regulating the turn-off time.
By the negative feedback characteristic of loop as can be known, when output current is bigger than normal, cause the less than normal and feasible control voltage of the output current Vc of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 to reduce, and then the turn-off time that makes turn-off time control circuit 311 determine is elongated, reduces output current thereby regulate.The output current integration of the trsanscondutance amplifier 314 of building-out capacitor C2 equates that with the mean value of two inputs of final realization trsanscondutance amplifier 314 after loop stability, the control voltage Vc on the building-out capacitor C2 is stable, and the turn-off time is determined.
In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that building-out capacitor C2 can adopt the other forms of compensating circuits such as connection in series-parallel of resistance capacitance to replace, with stability and the dynamic characteristic of regulating circuit.
The operation principle of this Switching Power Supply is as follows: power switch M1 conduction period, has sampled voltage Vcs on the sampling resistor Rcs, sampled voltage Vcs is input to an input of trsanscondutance amplifier 314, another input of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 connects the second reference voltage V r2, trsanscondutance amplifier has following characteristic: the output current Igm of trsanscondutance amplifier is directly proportional with the input difference voltage (Vr2-Vcs) of trsanscondutance amplifier 314, be Igm=Gm*(Vr2-Vcs), Gm is the mutual conductance of trsanscondutance amplifier 314, be a steady state value for the circuit of determining, the output of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 is connected to compensating circuit; At power switch M1 blocking interval, the output of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 and the path between the compensating circuit disconnect; Voltage on the compensating circuit has determined the turn-off time of power switch M1; When sampled voltage reached the first reference voltage V r1 of setting, power switch M1 turn-offed; In order to guarantee that Switching Power Supply is in the inductive current continuous mode, require the first reference voltage V r1 less than 2 times the second reference voltage V r2, after the loop stability, the mean value of the output current Igm of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 is zero, and the constant output electric current of whole Switching Power Supply is exactly the ratio of the second reference voltage V r2 and sampling resistor Rcs.
Fig. 4 shows the structure of the Switching Power Supply of second embodiment, and itself and Switching Power Supply shown in Figure 3 are similar, only are that the concrete structure of loop control module has been done adjustment.As shown in Figure 4, the loop control module among second embodiment comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 314, second switch S2 and the 3rd switch S 3.Wherein, the first input end of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 connects first end of second switch S2 and first end of the 3rd switch S 3, second input of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 receives the second reference voltage V r2, the output of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 connects the input of compensating circuit and turn-off time control circuit 311, second termination of second switch S2 is received sampled voltage, the control end of second switch S2 receives and drives signal GT, second termination of the 3rd switch S 3 is received the second reference voltage V r2, the control end of the 3rd switch receives the inversion signal that drives signal GT, in power switch M1 conduction period, second switch S2 conducting and the 3rd switch S 3 are turn-offed, at power switch M1 blocking interval, second switch S2 turn-offs and 3 conductings of the 3rd switch S.More specifically, drive the inversion signal of signal GT by inverter 315 generations.
On effect, in power switch M1 conduction period, the negative input end of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 connects sampling resistor Rcs, and the positive input terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 receives the second reference voltage V r2.At power switch M1 blocking interval, it is certain that the positive input terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 and negative input end all receive the second reference voltage V r2(, this current potential also can be other any current potentials), characteristic by trsanscondutance amplifier 314 can be known, this moment, the output current of trsanscondutance amplifier 314 was zero, be equivalent to disconnect being connected between trsanscondutance amplifier 314 and the building-out capacitor C2, so loop control module equivalence among its circuit function and first embodiment.
Need to prove that what provide among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 only is example, discharge and recharge to compensating circuit in power switch M1 conduction period as long as in fact can satisfy trsanscondutance amplifier, stop to discharge and recharge to compensating circuit getting final product at power switch M1 blocking interval.
With reference to figure 5, Fig. 5 shows the working signal oscillogram of Fig. 3 and Switching Power Supply shown in Figure 4.During power switch M1 conducting, the average electrical value of suppose to flow through output capacitance C1, output end vo ut is Iout1; When power switch M1 turn-offed, the average current value of suppose to flow through output capacitance C1, output end vo ut was Iout2.When circuit is in the inductive current continuous mode, Iout1 and Iout2 should be identical, thus among the present invention by control Iout1, correspondingly controlled the output current of whole switch periods.
Under inductive current is in continuous mode, the current ripples of supposing output current Iout is Ib-Ia, wherein Ib is peak current, Ia is minimum current, Ib is arranged greater than Vr1/Rcs, Vr2/Rcs=(Ib+Ia)/2 is arranged again, Vr2/Rcs=(Ib+Ia)/2 is obviously arranged Ib/2〉Vr1/ (2*Rcs), also namely can obtain Vr2〉1/2*Vr1.Therefore, the first reference voltage V r1 that is used as the peak current comparison point in the present embodiment is less than 2 times the second reference voltage V r2 as Average Current Control point, to guarantee that circuit working is at continuous current mode.
Fig. 6 shows the particular circuit configurations of the trsanscondutance amplifier of present embodiment employing, mainly comprises: current mirror 61, current mirror 62, current mirror 63, triode Q1, triode Q2, resistance R 1, resistance R 2 and current source I0.
Wherein, current mirror 61 comprises MOS transistor M3 and MOS transistor M7, and current mirror 62 comprises MOS transistor M2 and MOS transistor M4, and current mirror 63 comprises MOS transistor M5 and M6.Sampled voltage Vcs inputs to the base stage of triode Q1, and the second reference voltage V r2 inputs to the base stage of triode Q2.Suppose MOS transistor M2 to the image current of MOS transistor M4 than being K2, MOS transistor M7 is K1 via MOS transistor M3, M5 to the image ratio of MOS transistor M6, the electric current I 4 of the MOS transistor of then flowing through M4 is: I
4=K
2I
2, the electric current I 6 of the MOS transistor of flowing through M6 is: I
6=K
1I
1The output current Icomp of whole trsanscondutance amplifier is:
I
comp=I
4-I
6=K
2·I
2-K
1·I
1
Generally require K1=K2=K, R1=R2=R, current source I
0The electric current I that provides
0Enough big, guarantee that I1 and I2 greater than zero, then have following relation to set up:
Be that mutual conductance Gm is:
After circuit was stable, the current average Icompavg of output current Icomp was zero, namely
I
compavg=0
Therefore there is the mean value of sampled voltage Vcs of input identical with the mean value of the second reference voltage V r2, the mean value of sampled voltage Vcs is exactly the mean value of switch power supply output current divided by the resistance value of sampling resistor Rcs, and the current value of the output current of Switching Power Supply is Vr2/Rcs thus.
Shown in Figure 6 only is example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that trsanscondutance amplifier can also adopt other any suitable structures.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction.Therefore, every content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, just any simple modification of above embodiment being made according to technical spirit of the present invention, the conversion that is equal to all still belong in the protection range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. switch power controller of realizing the constant output electric current comprises:
The turn-off time control circuit is for the turn-off time of determining the Switching Power Supply power switch;
Comparator, its first input end receives first reference voltage, and its second input receives the sampled voltage of outside input;
Logic and driver circuitry, according to the output signal generation driving signal of described turn-off time control circuit and comparator, this drives the turn-on and turn-off that signal is used for the described power switch of control;
It is characterized in that,
The loop control module, its input receives described sampled voltage, its output links to each other with the input of described turn-off time control circuit, be used for regulating the described turn-off time so that the mean value of described power switch described sampled voltage of conduction period equates with second reference voltage, wherein, described first reference voltage is less than 2 times of described second reference voltage.
2. switch power controller according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described loop control module comprises: trsanscondutance amplifier, in described power switch conduction period, its output current is directly proportional with the difference of described second reference voltage and sampled voltage, and this output current is used for discharging and recharging to compensating circuit, at described power switch blocking interval, the output current of described trsanscondutance amplifier stops to discharge and recharge to described compensating circuit, and the voltage on the described compensating circuit is used for regulating the turn-off time that described turn-off time control circuit produces.
3. switch power controller according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the first input end of described trsanscondutance amplifier receives described sampled voltage, second input of described trsanscondutance amplifier receives described second reference voltage, the output of described trsanscondutance amplifier connects first end of first switch, second end of described first switch connects the input of described compensating circuit and described turn-off time control circuit, the control end of described first switch receives described driving signal, at described power switch described first switch conduction of conduction period, turn-off at described first switch of described power switch blocking interval.
4. switch power controller according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the first input end of described trsanscondutance amplifier connects first end of second switch and first end of the 3rd switch, second input of described trsanscondutance amplifier receives described second reference voltage, the output of described trsanscondutance amplifier connects the input of described compensating circuit and described turn-off time control circuit, second termination of described second switch is received described sampled voltage, the control end of described second switch receives described driving signal, second termination of described the 3rd switch is received described second reference voltage, the control end of described the 3rd switch receives the inversion signal of described driving signal, in described power switch conduction period, described second switch conducting and described the 3rd switch turn-off, at described power switch blocking interval, described second switch turn-offs and described the 3rd switch conduction.
5. switch power controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when described sampled voltage reached described first reference voltage, the driving signal that the output signal of described comparator makes described logic and driver circuitry produce turn-offed this power switch.
6. switch power controller according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, after the time that described power switch is turned off reached the described turn-off time, the output signal of described turn-off time control circuit made this power switch of driving signal conduction that described logic and driver circuitry produces.
7. a Switching Power Supply is characterized in that, comprising:
Each described switch power controller in the claim 1 to 6;
Fly-wheel diode, its negative pole receives input voltage;
Output capacitance and the inductance of series connection, in parallel with described fly-wheel diode;
Power switch, its first end connects the positive pole of described fly-wheel diode, and its second end is exported described sampled voltage to described switch power controller, and its control end receives the driving signal of described switch power controller output;
Sampling resistor, its first end connects second end of described power switch, its second end ground connection.
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