CN115295243A - Preparation method of element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium-tin superconducting strand - Google Patents

Preparation method of element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium-tin superconducting strand Download PDF

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CN115295243A
CN115295243A CN202211219192.6A CN202211219192A CN115295243A CN 115295243 A CN115295243 A CN 115295243A CN 202211219192 A CN202211219192 A CN 202211219192A CN 115295243 A CN115295243 A CN 115295243A
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single core
core rod
superconducting strand
niobium
oxide
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CN115295243B (en
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王春光
李鹏举
武博
郭强
刘向宏
杜予晅
冯勇
张平祥
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Western Superconducting Technologies Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an element-doped niobium-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density, which comprises the following steps: placing Nb-X-Y into a copper pipe, and processing to obtain a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod; loading oxide powder into a copper pipe, and treating to obtain a Cu/oxide single core rod; pouring molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and performing multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing and forming to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod; loading a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod and a Cu/oxide single core rod cluster into a copper pipe, and obtaining an Nb module through drawing and forming; and (3) packing the Nb module and the Cu/Sn single core rod cluster into a Ta tube, then packing into a copper tube, and drawing for multiple times. The Nb-X-Y alloy and an oxygen source are separated and processed, and oxide particles generated after heat treatment can refine Nb 3 The Sn crystal grains are simultaneously used as pinning centers, so that the Nb is obviously improved 3 Critical current density of the Sn superconducting strand.

Description

Preparation method of element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium-tin superconducting strand
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting material processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand.
Background
Nb 3 The Sn superconducting wire is a key material for preparing magnets and has wide application in the aspects of large scientific devices, civil medical imaging and the like. How to further increase Nb 3 The critical current density of Sn wire is an important direction for wire development. Nb with the most excellent performance prepared according to the traditional process flow 3 Sn wire has also severely restricted people from obtaining magnets with higher magnetic fields and lower cost.
Nb 3 The current carrying capacity of the Sn superconducting wire depends on its pinning force density. Nb 3 Sn is mainly pinned by grain boundaries, and the pinning center density can be increased by reducing the grain size of Sn within a certain range, so that Nb is improved 3 Critical current density of Sn. Reduction of Nb 3 One method of Sn grains is to introduce second phase oxide particles to form Nb during heat treatment 3 The process of Sn prevents the combination of grain boundaries and enlarges nucleation centers. The manner in which the oxide particles of the second phase are introduced is currently the major difficulty faced. The direct introduction of oxide particles into the Nb matrix significantly increases the hardness thereof, making it difficult to process long wires.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an element-doped niobium-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density, which can avoid oxide particles from being generated in the preparation process of the strand while ensuring the high critical current density of the strand and improve the processing reliability of the strand.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the element-doped niobium-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, putting a Nb-X-Y alloy rod into a Cu pipe, and performing welding, hot extrusion, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod;
step 2, loading oxide powder into a Cu tube, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/oxide single core rod;
step 3, pouring the molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and performing multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod;
step 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod and the Cu/oxide single core rod in an oxygen-free copper pipe in a hexagonal close packing manner, and performing drawing, forming and fixed length cutting to obtain an Nb module;
and 5, assembling the Nb modules and the Cu/Sn single core rods in a Ta tube in a hexagonal close packing manner to ensure that six Cu/Sn single core rods are arranged around each Nb module, penetrating the assembled Ta tube through an oxygen-free copper tube to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, and performing multi-pass drawing to obtain the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with ultrahigh critical current density.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 1, the doping amount of X in the Nb-X-Y alloy rod is 0.5at.% to 5at.%, and the doping amount of Y is 0.5at.% to 4at.%; x is Ta or Ti; y is Hf or Zr.
In the step 1, the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod has a copper ratio of 0.15-0.2 and a size of H3.5mm-H6.0mm.
In step 2, the oxide powder is SnO 2 Powder or CuO powder; the copper ratio of the Cu/oxide single core rod is 0.1-0.2, and the size of the Cu/oxide single core rod is H3.5mm-H6.0 mm.
In the step 3, the copper ratio of the Cu/Sn single core rod is between 0.2 and 0.5, and the size is between H3.5mm and H6.0mm.
In the step 4, the number ratio of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rods to the Cu/oxide single core rods is controlled to be 8-18, and the Cu/oxide single core rods are ensured to be uniformly distributed in the Nb module.
The cross sections of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod, the Cu/oxide single core rod, the Cu/Sn single core rod and the Nb module are all hexagonal.
In the step 5, the copper ratio of the niobium-tin superconducting strand blank is between 0.5 and 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adding trace element Y into Nb and introducing oxide insertion rods around Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rods, oxide particles of Y are generated in the heat treatment phase forming process of the niobium three-tin superconducting strand, and Nb is refined 3 Introducing a point pinning center at the same time of Sn crystal grains; adding trace element X into Nb to replace Nb 3 And the critical magnetic field of the corresponding position in the Sn crystal lattice is improved, and the critical current density of the niobium tristin wire is greatly improved. According to the invention, the final blank is obtained by adopting the method of assembling the Nb module, the Cu/Sn single core rod and the Ta pipe, and the oxide plunger rod is not subjected to hot processing in the Nb module and the preparation process of the blank, so that oxide particles are prevented from being generated in the preparation process of the wire rod, and the processability of the wire rod is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an Nb of the present invention 3 A cross-sectional view of the final billet of Sn superconducting strand;
FIG. 2 is an assembled schematic view of the Nb module of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows Nb produced by heat-treating a niobium-tin superconducting strand in example 1 of the present invention 3 A morphology map of Sn grains;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the critical current test of the niobium-tin superconducting strand of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows Nb produced by heat-treating a niobium-tin superconducting strand in example 2 of the present invention 3 A morphology map of Sn grains;
fig. 6 is a critical current test graph of the niobium tri-tin superconducting strand in example 2 of the invention;
FIG. 7 shows Nb formed by heat-treating a niobium-tin superconducting strand in example 3 of the present invention 3 A morphology map of Sn grains;
fig. 8 is a critical current test graph of the niobium tri-tin superconducting strand in example 3 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is an oxygen-free copper pipe, 2 is a Ta pipe, 3 is a Nb module, 3-1 is a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod, 3-2 is a Cu/oxide single core rod, and 4 is a Cu/Sn single core rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The preparation method of the element-doped niobium-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, putting a Nb-X-Y alloy rod into a Cu pipe, and performing welding, hot extrusion, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod 3-1;
wherein X and Y are trace doping elements, and X is Ta or Ti; y is Hf or Zr; the doping amount of X in the Nb-X-Y alloy rod is between 0.5at.% and 5at.%, and the doping amount of Y is between 0.5at.% and 4at.%;
the copper ratio of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod is 3-1 is between 0.15 and 0.2, and the size is between H3.5mm and H6.0mm;
the trace element X has the function of increasing Nb 3 Upper critical magnetic field of Sn; the trace element Y mainly acts on Nb 3 The Sn forms oxide particles with oxygen in the oxide plunger during the heat treatment phase forming process to generate ultra-fine Nb 3 Sn crystal grains;
step 2, loading oxide powder into a Cu tube, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/oxide single core rod 3-2;
the oxide powder is SnO 2 Powder or CuO powder; the copper ratio of the Cu/oxide single core rod is 3-2 and is 0.1-0.2, and the size is H3.5mm-H6.0 mm;
the oxide powder has the function of releasing oxygen into Nb-X-Y matrix during heat treatment to generate second-phase oxide particles, namely Nb during subsequent heat treatment 3 The phase formation of Sn provides nucleation centers and prevents coalescence of grain boundaries to produce ultra-fine Nb 3 Sn crystal grains;
step 3, pouring molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and performing multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and sizing cutting to obtain a Cu/Sn single-core rod 4;
the copper ratio of the Cu/Sn single core rod 4 is between 0.2 and 0.5, and the size is between H3.5mm and H6.0mm;
step 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod 3-1 and the Cu/oxide single core rod 3-2 in an oxygen-free copper pipe in a hexagonal close packing manner, and performing drawing, forming and fixed length cutting to obtain an Nb module 3;
the quantity ratio of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod 3-1 to the Cu/oxide single core rod 3-2 is controlled to be 8 to 18, and the Cu/oxide single core rod 3-2 is ensured to be uniformly distributed in the Nb module 3;
the copper ratio of the Nb module 3 is between 0.2 and 0.5, and the size is between H3.5mm and H6.0mm;
the cross sections of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod 3-1, the Cu/oxide single core rod 3-2, the Cu/Sn single core rod 4 and the Nb module 3 are all hexagonal;
step 5, assembling the Nb modules 3 and the Cu/Sn single core rods 4 in the Ta tube 2 in a hexagonal close packing manner to ensure that six Cu/Sn single core rods are arranged around each Nb module 3, then penetrating the assembled Ta tube through the oxygen-free copper tube 1 to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, and finally, nb 3 And the copper ratio of the Sn blank is between 0.5 and 2, and the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with ultrahigh critical current density is obtained through multi-pass drawing.
In the method, the Nb-X-Y alloy and the oxygen source are separated and processed, and oxide particles generated after heat treatment can refine Nb 3 The Sn crystal grains are simultaneously used as pinning centers, so that the Nb is obviously improved 3 Critical current density of the Sn superconducting strand. In addition, hot working is avoided in the preparation process from the Nb-X-Y alloy to the final finished product strand after the Nb-X-Y alloy is contacted with the oxygen source, the oxidation of the Nb-X-Y alloy is prevented, and the processing reliability of the wire rod is ensured.
Nb is produced after the superconducting strand of the invention is subjected to a special heat treatment system 3 Sn grain size less than 90nm and in Nb 3 The Sn crystal grains contain oxide particles of nanometer order. The special heat treatment system comprises two stages of medium temperature and high temperature. The heat preservation temperature of the medium-temperature stage is 400-585 ℃, oxygen in the oxide in the stage diffuses into the Nb-X-Y matrix, and simultaneously mutual diffusion of Sn and Cu is completed to achieve homogenization. The heat preservation temperature of the high-temperature stage is 620-700 ℃, and the temperature reaches Nb 3 The phase forming temperature of Sn, sn diffuses into Nb-X-Y alloy which is permeated by oxygen to generate ultra-fine Nb 3 Sn crystal grains.
Example 1
The preparation method of the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing an Nb-4at.% Ta-1at.% Hf alloy rod by using a powder metallurgy method, loading the alloy rod into a copper pipe, and performing multi-pass drawing, forming and fixed length cutting to obtain a Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rod; the copper ratio of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod is 0.2;
step 2, loading CuO powder into a Cu tube, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and fixed-length cutting to obtain a Cu/CuO single core rod; the copper ratio of the Cu/oxide single core rod is 0.1;
step 3, pouring molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and then carrying out multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and fixed-length cutting to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod;
step 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rod obtained in the step 1 and the Cu/CuO single core rod obtained in the step 2 in an oxygen-free copper tube in a hexagonal close packing manner, and obtaining an Nb module through drawing, forming and cutting to length;
the number of the Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rods is 120, and the total number of the Cu/CuO single core rods is 7;
and 5, assembling the Cu/Sn single core rods obtained in the step 3 and the Nb modules obtained in the step 4 in a Ta tube in a hexagonal close packing manner, ensuring that 6 Cu/Sn single core rods are arranged around each Nb module, penetrating the assembled Ta tube through an oxygen-free copper tube to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, wherein the niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank comprises 84 Nb modules and 37 Cu/Sn single core rods, and obtaining the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium three-tin superconducting strand with the diameter of 0.988mm through multi-pass drawing. Nb is formed after the superconducting strand is heat-treated 3 The average grain size of Sn is 70nm, as shown in fig. 3, the critical current Ic = 1376.7A at a temperature of 4.2K and a magnetic field of 12T, as shown in fig. 4, the corresponding Jc = 3770.4A/mm 2 。
Example 2
The preparation method of the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing an Nb-4at.% Ta-2at.% Hf alloy rod by using a powder metallurgy method, and filling the alloy rod into a copper pipe to obtain a Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rod through multi-pass drawing, forming and cutting to length; the copper ratio of the Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rod is 0.2;
step 2, loading CuO powder into a Cu pipe, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/CuO single core rod; the copper ratio of the Cu/CuO single core rod is 0.1;
step 3, pouring molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and then carrying out multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and fixed-length cutting to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod;
step 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rod obtained in the step 1 and the Cu/CuO single core rod obtained in the step 2 in an oxygen-free copper tube in a hexagonal close packing manner, and obtaining an Nb module through drawing, forming and cutting to length;
the number of the Cu/Nb-Ta-Hf single core rods is 120, and the number of the Cu/CuO single core rods is 13;
step 5, assembling the Cu/Sn single core rods obtained in the step 3 and the Nb modules obtained in the step 4 in a Ta tube in a hexagonal close packing manner, ensuring that 6 Cu/Sn single core rods surround each Nb module, and then penetrating the assembled Ta tube through an oxygen-free copper tube to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, wherein the blank comprises 84 Nb modules and 37 Cu/Sn single core rods; the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with phi of 0.900mm and high critical current density can be obtained through multi-pass drawing. Nb is generated after the superconducting strand is heat-treated 3 Sn has an average grain size of 45nm, as shown in FIG. 5, and a critical current Ic = 1413.7A at a temperature of 4.2K and a magnetic field of 12T, as shown in FIG. 6, corresponding to Jc = 4555.5A/mm 2 。
Example 3
The preparation method of the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, preparing an Nb-4at.% Ta-1at.% Zr alloy rod by using a powder metallurgy method, and loading the alloy rod into a copper pipe to obtain a Cu/Nb-Ta-Zr single core rod through multi-pass drawing, forming and cutting to length; the copper ratio of the Cu/Nb-Ta-Zr single core rod is between 0.2;
step 2, loading CuO powder into a Cu pipe, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/CuO single core rod; the copper ratio of the Cu/CuO single core rod is 0.1;
step 3, pouring molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and then carrying out multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and cut to length to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod;
step 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-Ta-Zr single core rod obtained in the step 1 and the Cu/CuO single core rod obtained in the step 2 in an oxygen-free copper tube in a hexagonal close packing manner, and obtaining an Nb module through drawing, forming and cutting to length;
the number of the Cu/Nb-Ta-Zr single core rods is 120, and the number of the Cu/CuO single core rods is 13;
and 5, assembling the Cu/Sn single core rods obtained in the step 3 and the Nb modules obtained in the step 4 in a Ta tube in a hexagonal close packing manner, ensuring that 6 Cu/Sn single core rods surround each Nb module, then penetrating the assembled Ta tube through an oxygen-free copper tube to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, wherein the blank comprises 84 Nb modules and 37 Cu/Sn single core rods, and the blank is subjected to multi-pass drawing to obtain the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium three-tin superconducting strand with the diameter of 0.800 mm. Nb is formed after the superconducting strand is heat-treated 3 Sn has an average grain size of 80nm, as shown in FIG. 7, and a critical current Ic = 809.1A at a temperature of 4.2K and a magnetic field of 12T, as shown in FIG. 8, corresponding to Jc = 3380.3A/mm 2 。
Example 4
The preparation method of the element-doped niobium-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, putting a Nb-X-Y alloy rod into a Cu pipe, and performing welding, hot extrusion, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod;
x is Ti; y is Zr; the doping amount of X in the Nb-X-Y alloy bar is 5at.%, and the doping amount of Y is 4at.%; the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod has a copper ratio of 0.15 and a size of H6.0mm;
step 2, loading oxide powder into a Cu tube, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/oxide single core rod;
the oxide powder is SnO 2 A powder; the copper ratio of the Cu/oxide single core rod is 0.2, and the size is H6.0mm;
step 3, pouring the molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and performing multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod;
the copper ratio of the Cu/Sn single core rod is 0.5, and the size is H6.0mm;
and 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod and the Cu/oxide single core rod in an oxygen-free copper pipe in a hexagonal close packing manner, and performing drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain the Nb module.
The number ratio of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rods to the Cu/oxide single core rods is 8, and the Cu/oxide single core rods are ensured to be uniformly distributed in the Nb module; the Nb module has a copper ratio of 0.5 and a size of H6.0mm.
Step 5, assembling Nb modules and Cu/Sn single core rods in a Ta tube in a hexagonal close-packed mode to ensure that 6 Cu/Sn single core rods surround each Nb module, penetrating the assembled Ta tube through an oxygen-free copper tube to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, and finally, nb 3 And the copper ratio of the Sn blank is 2, and the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with ultrahigh critical current density is obtained through multi-pass drawing.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the element-doped niobium-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, putting a Nb-X-Y alloy rod into a Cu pipe, and performing welding, hot extrusion, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod;
step 2, loading oxide powder into a Cu tube, and carrying out rotary forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/oxide single core rod;
step 3, pouring the molten Sn into an oxygen-free copper cylinder to obtain a Cu/Sn blank, and then performing multi-pass cold precision forging, drawing, forming and cutting to length to obtain a Cu/Sn single core rod;
step 4, assembling the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod and the Cu/oxide single core rod in an oxygen-free copper pipe in a hexagonal close packing manner, and obtaining an Nb module through drawing, forming and cutting to length;
and 5, assembling the Nb modules and the Cu/Sn single core rods in a Ta tube in a hexagonal close packing manner to ensure that six Cu/Sn single core rods are arranged around each Nb module, penetrating the assembled Ta tube through an oxygen-free copper tube to obtain a niobium three-tin superconducting strand blank, and performing multi-pass drawing to obtain the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with ultrahigh critical current density.
2. The method for preparing the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the doping amount of X in the Nb-X-Y alloy rod is between 0.5at.% and 5at.%, and the doping amount of Y in the Nb-X-Y alloy rod is between 0.5at.% and 4at.%; x is Ta or Ti; y is Hf or Zr.
3. The method for preparing an element-doped high critical current density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod has a Cu ratio of 0.15-0.2 and a size of h3.5mm-h6.0 mm.
4. The method for preparing the element-doped niobium tri-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the oxide powder is SnO 2 Powder or CuO powder; the copper ratio of the Cu/oxide single core rod is 0.1 to 0.2, and the size of the Cu/oxide single core rod is H3.5mm to H6.0mm.
5. The method for preparing the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the copper ratio of the Cu/Sn single core rod is between 0.2 and 0.5, and the size is between H3.5mm and H6.0mm.
6. The method for preparing the element-doped niobium three-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the number ratio of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rods to the Cu/oxide single core rods is controlled to be 8-18, and the Cu/oxide single core rods are ensured to be uniformly distributed in the Nb module.
7. The method for preparing the element-doped niobium tri-tin superconducting strand with high critical current density as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross sections of the Cu/Nb-X-Y single core rod, the Cu/oxide single core rod, the Cu/Sn single core rod and the Nb module are all hexagonal.
8. The method for preparing the element-doped high-critical-current-density niobium tri-tin superconducting strand as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the copper ratio of a niobium tri-tin superconducting strand blank is between 0.5 and 2.
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CN117292886A (en) * 2023-11-23 2023-12-26 西安聚能超导线材科技有限公司 Nb preparation by powder tubing method 3 Method of Sn superconducting wire

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