CN115293664A - GIS-based method for evaluating production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry - Google Patents
GIS-based method for evaluating production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of data processing suitable for administration, and provides a GIS-based method for refining and evaluating the production suitability of agriculture and animal husbandry at the level of arid oasis county. The method comprises three aspects of fine evaluation of county-level regional planting suitability, animal husbandry suitability and comprehensive agriculture and animal husbandry suitability, single-factor-based evaluation and multi-factor-based comprehensive evaluation are respectively carried out on the planting industry and the animal husbandry, evaluation results of the production suitability of the county-level regional planting industry and the animal husbandry are correspondingly obtained, then the production suitability evaluation results of the planting industry and the animal husbandry are respectively corrected by comprehensively considering multiple factors, the corrected planting industry and animal husbandry suitability evaluation results are correspondingly formed, further comprehensive evaluation of the agriculture and animal husbandry suitability is carried out according to the corrected planting industry and animal husbandry suitability evaluation results, the final comprehensive evaluation result of the agriculture and animal husbandry suitability is obtained, and the precision of the agriculture and animal husbandry suitability evaluation in the county-level oasis improved through the method.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of data processing suitable for administration, in particular to a GIS-based method for refining and evaluating production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry.
Background
Suitability refers to whether a certain specific development activity (agricultural application, urbanization site selection, crop type layout, road route selection, tree planting and forestation and the like) in a certain region space is matched with basic conditions and capacity in the region of the space, and the suitable process is a dynamic change process.
The land space development suitability refers to the suitability degree of the land space in a certain region (province, land, county, village and town, and the like) for different development and utilization modes such as urbanization, industrialization, agricultural production, tourism development, ecological protection, and the like; the suitability is determined by the resource and environment bearing capacity, economic development foundation and potential of the area. Among them, agricultural production suitability is one of the components of the suitability for the development of the homeland space.
The evaluation of the suitability of the territorial space development comprises three aspects of evaluation of the ecological protection importance, evaluation of the suitability of agricultural production (planting, animal husbandry and fishery) and evaluation of the suitability of urban construction, the traditional suitability evaluation is carried out based on a working guide of resource environment bearing capacity and a guideline (trial implementation) of the suitability evaluation method of the territorial space development (referred to as 'double evaluation'), the working guide makes requirements on 'double evaluation' of province (city and autonomous region) and region (city and state), and the specified county-level region executes the 'double evaluation' result of the region level in principle. However, in practical work, it is found that for some western arid regions, because the area of each county is large and the situation of each county is different, if the result of performing the "double evaluation" at the region level is executed, the precision of the evaluation result data is insufficient, and the actual use requirement is difficult to meet.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a GIS-based method for refining and evaluating the production suitability of agriculture and animal husbandry at the level of the arid oasis county, so as to solve or relieve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the application provides a GIS-based method for carrying out detailed evaluation on production suitability of agriculture and animal husbandry at the county level of arid oasis, which comprises the following steps:
s101, acquiring a primary suitability grade of the planting industry;
s102, correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry based on an environmental factor and a meteorological disaster factor to obtain a correction result of the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry;
s103, performing aggregation operation on the correction result of the preliminary suitability level of the planting industry based on a space aggregation algorithm to determine a production suitability partition of the planting industry;
s104, modifying the planting industry production suitability subarea by using land utilization data, and determining a planting industry production suitability evaluation result;
s105, acquiring a preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry;
s106, correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry based on the meteorological disaster factors, the space aggregation algorithm and the land utilization data to obtain an animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result;
and S107, obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry based on the evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry and the evaluation result of the production suitability of the animal husbandry.
Preferably, in step S101, the obtaining of the preliminary suitability level of the planting industry specifically includes:
s111, evaluating the planting industry based on a single factor through land resources, water resources and climate resources to obtain a basic evaluation result of the water and soil resources, wherein the basic evaluation result of the water and soil resources at least comprises an agricultural cultivation condition grade graph, a first water resource abundance grade and a photo-thermal condition grade;
step S112, determining a water and soil resource basic grade based on the agricultural cultivation condition grade map and the first water resource abundance grade;
and S113, determining the primary suitability grade of the planting industry based on the photo-thermal condition grade and the water and soil resource basic grade.
Preferably, in step S111, the first water resource abundance level is obtained through the following steps:
measuring and calculating the average precipitation per year of the arid oasis county-level region, and dividing each evaluation unit in the arid oasis county-level region into a plurality of precipitation levels according to the average precipitation per year of the arid oasis county-level region;
and calculating the water consumption total amount control index modulus of the arid oasis county-level region, and dividing each evaluation unit in the arid oasis county-level region into a plurality of water consumption total amount grades according to the water consumption total amount control index modulus of the arid oasis county-level region.
Preferably, in step S111, the agricultural cultivation condition map grade is obtained by:
calculating the gradient of each grid unit in the digital topographic map based on the pre-acquired digital topographic map, and generating a gradient grading map according to the gradient of each grid unit;
dividing the utilization degree of land resources into a plurality of grades by taking the gradient grading map as a basis and combining an elevation grading map so as to generate a preliminary agricultural cultivation condition grade;
and correcting the grade of the preliminary agricultural cultivation condition based on the content of the silt of the soil to obtain a grade map of the agricultural cultivation condition.
Preferably, in step S111, the grade of photothermal conditions is obtained by:
acquiring first accumulated temperature data;
carrying out spatial interpolation on the first accumulated temperature data and grading according to the accumulated temperature to generate a movable accumulated temperature grading graph;
and acquiring second accumulated temperature data, and setting the suitability of the planting industry in the area where the second accumulated temperature data is smaller than a preset accumulated temperature threshold value as an agricultural unsuitable area.
Preferably, in step S105, the obtaining of the preliminary suitability level of animal husbandry includes:
s121, evaluating the animal husbandry based on a single factor through grassland resources, land resources and water resources to obtain a basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources, wherein the basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources at least comprises a grassland resource grade, a land utilization degree grade and a second water resource abundance grade;
s122, determining a basic level of the aquatic weed resource based on the grassland resource level and the second water resource abundance level;
and S123, determining a preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry based on the land utilization degree grade and the basic grade of the aquatic weed resource.
Preferably, the grass resource rating is obtained by:
calculating the total amount of hay in unit area to generate a pasture yield map;
calculating the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of the grassland according to the pasture yield graph;
and determining the grassland resource grade based on the pasture yield graph and the theoretical stock carrying capacity of the grassland.
Preferably, the second water resource abundance level is obtained by the following steps:
determining a water supply source available for animal husbandry;
calculating a water supply distance between each grid unit and a water supply source based on the grid units in the land utilization degree grade;
and dividing the water resource abundance into a plurality of grades according to the water supply distance to obtain a second water resource abundance grade map.
Preferably, in step S107, the comprehensive evaluation result of the suitability for farming and animal husbandry production is obtained based on the evaluation result of the suitability for farming and animal husbandry production, and specifically:
merging the areas suitable for the animal husbandry in the farming areas into the areas suitable for the animal husbandry in the cultivation industry production suitability evaluation result based on the cultivation industry production suitability evaluation result and the animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result to obtain areas suitable for the cultivation industry production, areas suitable for the animal husbandry in the animal husbandry areas and areas unsuitable for the agriculture;
and adding the planting production suitable area and the pasturing area animal husbandry suitable area to generate a comprehensive evaluation result of the agricultural and animal husbandry production suitability.
Has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, aiming at the detailed evaluation of the suitability of the planting industry, a preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry is formed through single evaluation based on a single factor and comprehensive evaluation based on multiple factors, and then the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry is corrected (degraded, promoted and eliminated) by comprehensively considering various factors such as environmental factors, meteorological disaster factors and space aggregation, so that a final suitability evaluation result of the production of the planting industry is obtained; aiming at the detailed evaluation of the suitability of the animal husbandry, acquiring the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry through single evaluation based on a single factor and comprehensive evaluation based on multiple factors, and then correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry by integrating meteorological disaster factors, a space aggregation algorithm and latest land utilization data to obtain a final suitability evaluation result of the animal husbandry production; and finally, synthesizing the production suitability evaluation results of the two aspects of the planting industry and the animal husbandry to generate a comprehensive evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry. Therefore, a whole set of integrated technical method is provided for the detailed evaluation of the agriculture and animal husbandry production suitability in county-level areas of the western arid oasis area, the scientific and standardized level of the agriculture and animal husbandry production suitability evaluation in county-level areas of the arid oasis area is greatly improved, and the data precision of the agriculture and animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall logic diagram of a GIS-based method for refining assessment of suitability for agricultural and animal husbandry production at arid oasis county level provided according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a GIS-based method for refining assessment of suitability of production in rural-county farming and animal husbandry based on GIS according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is a technical logic diagram of a GIS-based method for refining and evaluating the suitability of agriculture and animal husbandry production at the county level of arid oasis according to some embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Various examples are provided by way of explanation of the present application and not limitation of the present application. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. It is therefore intended that the present application cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
In the following description, references to the terms "first/second/third" are only to distinguish similar objects and do not denote a particular order, but rather "first/second/third" may, where permissible, be interchanged with a particular order or sequence so that the embodiments of the present application described herein may be practiced other than as specifically illustrated or described herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the disclosure only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
As described in the background section, the suitability of the development of the homeland space is determined by the resource environment bearing capacity, the economic development basis and the potential of the region, and when the suitability of different development and utilization modes of different regions is determined, the main resource environment risk types faced by the development of the homeland space need to be screened, the difference of the resource environment risks in the space is identified, and the bearing state is judged; secondly, the utilization condition of development needs to be investigated and researched, the development and utilization risks of the layout space such as urbanization, industry, traffic facilities, energy development, grain and the like are evaluated, and the bottom line of the ecological environment and the upper limit of the resource utilization are determined. Therefore, the evaluation of the suitability of the territorial space development is based on the resource environment bearing capacity, combines the social and economic development characteristics of the region, the human production and living style, the government policies and other factors, and comprehensively evaluates the suitability of the territorial space development and the protection, is an important basis for reasonably dividing the development boundaries of towns, agriculture, ecological spaces, ecological protection red lines, permanent basic farmlands and towns (three-region three-line for short), and is also a scientific reference for measuring the territorial development strength threshold range and formulating comprehensive control measures.
Because the 'double-evaluation' working guide only defines 'double evaluation' of two levels of province (city, municipality) and region (city, state), and requires a county-level area to execute a 'double-evaluation' result of the region level in principle, wherein the region (city, state) level is a unit of county, a grid unit (for example, the size of the grid unit is 30m multiplied by 30 m) in grid data with a specific resolution is taken as an evaluation unit, the evaluation result is subjected to summary submission result according to each county, and an evaluation result map is drawn; the county level area takes villages and towns as units, the evaluation unit of the county level area is more precise and can reach 20m multiplied by 20m and higher precision, the results are summarized and submitted according to each village and each town, and because the data precision of the villages and the towns is higher, if the evaluation is carried out according to the existing double-evaluation standard of the district (city and state) level, the precision of the evaluation result is difficult to meet the actual use requirement, for example, the superposition of the evaluation result with the towns and the villages is inaccurate, the precision degree of the statistical result is insufficient, and the like.
In order to improve the precision of the 'double evaluation' result of the county-level region of the oasis area, after the 'double evaluation' of the area level is completed, aiming at the county conditions of different counties, the application provides a GIS-based method for thinning and evaluating the production suitability of the county-level farming and animal husbandry of the oasis area, the method realizes thinning and evaluating the production suitability of the county-level region of the oasis area based on the GIS-based method for multi-layer superposition and hierarchical judgment and evaluation, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out detailed evaluation on the suitability of the planting industry, forming the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry of each evaluation unit through single evaluation based on a single factor and comprehensive evaluation based on multiple factors, further comprehensively considering multiple factors to correct (degrade, promote and eliminate) the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry of each evaluation unit, forming a final suitability evaluation result of the production of the planting industry, secondly, carrying out detailed evaluation on the suitability of the animal husbandry, forming the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry through single evaluation based on the single factor and comprehensive evaluation based on the multiple factors, further comprehensively integrating modification and elimination of the multiple factors and space polymerization, and forming a final suitability evaluation result of the production of the animal husbandry; and finally, comprehensively evaluating and refining the suitability of the farming and animal husbandry, comprehensively evaluating the two aspects of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry and evaluating the suitability of the animal husbandry, merging the suitable areas of the farming and animal husbandry in the farming and animal husbandry into the suitable areas of the farming and animal husbandry in the evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry to obtain suitable areas of the farming and animal husbandry in the farming and animal husbandry, and adding the suitable areas of the farming and animal husbandry in the farming and animal husbandry to obtain suitable areas of the agricultural production, thereby generating a comprehensive evaluation result of the suitability of the farming and animal husbandry. The method greatly improves the standardization and scientificity of county-level double evaluation in the arid oasis area.
Exemplary method
The embodiment of the application provides a GIS-based method for refining and evaluating the production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry, and as shown in figures 1-3, the method comprises the following steps:
and S101, acquiring a preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry.
The planting production suitability evaluation is based on water, soil, light and heat combination conditions, and is combined with factors such as soil environment quality, meteorological disasters and the like to evaluate the planting production suitability. The higher the water resource abundance is, the flatter the topography (with the slope sign) is, the better the soil fertility is, the more sufficient light and heat is, the better the soil environment quality is, meteorological disaster risk is lower, salinization degree is lower, and the land parcel scale links the side piece degree higher, more suitable planting production.
The planting suitability evaluation method is characterized in that single-factor-based evaluation is performed through land, water and climate resources, environment and disaster factors, and a preliminary suitability evaluation result is generated; further carrying out comprehensive evaluation based on multiple factors, and respectively screening and processing the primary evaluation results; finally, factor data such as environmental quality and disaster risk are superposed to correct, degrade or upgrade the factor data; in addition, the land utilization data is superposed, the land with the attributes of bare land, gobi, saline-alkali land, sandy land, marshland and the like is excluded from the suitable area, and the town construction and the industrial and mining area type land which cannot be engaged in the planting industry in the future are excluded. Finally generating the result of the detailed evaluation of the suitability of the planting industry. The planting suitability evaluation method and process in the examples of the present application are described in detail below.
In specific implementation, the step S101 of obtaining the preliminary suitability level of the planting industry specifically includes the following steps:
and S111, evaluating the planting industry based on a single factor through land resources, water resources and climate resources to correspondingly obtain an agricultural cultivation condition grade map, a first water resource abundance grade and a photo-thermal condition grade.
It should be noted that, considering that only a small amount of oasis can be used for the development of the planting industry in northwest arid regions of China, unique considerations according to local conditions are made on an evaluation index system, such as water resource abundance, refined different abundance evaluations are made according to villages and towns, and refined differentiation indexes must be made because of huge water resource differences between oasis and deserts; for example, the precipitation amount of the upstream mountain area is about 500mm, but the precipitation amount of the downstream desert area is almost zero, so that the consideration of the precipitation amount and the utilization power are different from different villages, and detailed evaluation indexes are made.
The following describes in detail the steps of the basic suitability evaluation of the county planting industry according to each single factor of land resources, water resources and climate resources.
For land resource factors, in some embodiments, the agricultural cultivation condition map scale is obtained by: calculating the gradient of each grid unit in the digital topographic map based on the digital topographic map which is acquired in advance, and generating a gradient grading map according to the gradient of each grid unit; dividing the utilization degree of land resources into a plurality of grades by combining an elevation classification chart on the basis of the gradient classification chart so as to generate a preliminary agricultural cultivation condition grade; and correcting the grade of the preliminary agricultural cultivation condition based on the content of the silt of the soil to obtain a grade map of the agricultural cultivation condition.
When the method is specifically implemented, firstly, the gradient of the grid unit is calculated on the basis of a digital topographic map which is acquired in advance, and a gradient grading map is generated according to the angle of <3 degrees, the angle of 3 degrees to 8 degrees, the angle of 8 degrees to 15 degrees, the angle of 15 degrees to 25 degrees and the angle of > 25 degrees. Wherein the digital topographic map may be pre-acquired from the relevant data production department.
On the basis of a digital topographic map, according to the topographic features of county-level regions, vertical zonal forest and grass boundaries, farming and animal husbandry boundaries and planting industry maturity, determining an elevation grading threshold value, and generating an elevation grading map according to the height of less than 500m, 500-1500, 1500-3000, 3000-4900 and the height of more than or equal to 4900.
Secondly, on the basis of gradient grading results, the utilization degree of land resources is divided into 5 types of high type, medium type, low type and medium type by combining an elevation grading map. In the area with the elevation more than or equal to 4900, directly setting the 'agricultural cultivation condition' as the lowest level; and in the area with the elevation between 3000 and 4900, the gradient is graded and reduced by 2 grades to be used as the grade of the 'agricultural cultivation condition' in the area, and a preliminary agricultural cultivation condition grade is obtained.
Thirdly, correcting the grade of the preliminary agricultural cultivation condition based on the content of the silt of the soil, setting the grade of the agricultural cultivation condition to be the lowest grade in the area with the content of the silt of the soil being more than or equal to 80%, and reducing the grade of the agricultural cultivation condition to be 1 grade in the area with the content of the silt of more than or equal to 60% and less than 80%, thereby obtaining the grade chart of the agricultural cultivation condition. Soil fertility is represented through soil silt content, areas where the soil fertility is not suitable for planting production are degraded or evaluated as regions where the planting is not suitable, and accuracy of evaluation results is improved.
And evaluating the water resource factor to obtain a first water resource abundance grade. In some embodiments, the first water resource abundance level is obtained by:
measuring and calculating the average precipitation of many years in the arid oasis county-level region, and dividing each evaluation unit in the arid oasis county-level region into a plurality of precipitation levels according to the average precipitation of many years in the arid oasis county-level region; and calculating the water total amount control index modulus of the arid oasis county-level region, and dividing each evaluation unit in the arid oasis county-level region into a plurality of water total amount grades according to the water total amount control index modulus of the arid oasis county-level region.
In specific implementation, firstly, the average precipitation of each evaluation unit in an arid oasis county-level area for many years is calculated, and the evaluation units are divided into 5 precipitation grades of very wet, humid, semi-arid and arid according to the average precipitation of more than 1200mm, 800-1200mm, 400-800mm, 200-400mm and less than 200 mm.
Secondly, calculating the total water consumption control index modulus of each region. Areas with large ratio of crossing water sources in agricultural water supply structures such as northwest can determine drought degree according to water total amount control indexes, and are divided into good, normal, poor and 5 different water total amount levels according to the water total amount control index modulus of more than or equal to 13 km, 5-13 ten thousand, 3-5 ten thousand, 1-3 ten thousand and less than 1 ten thousand (water total amount control index modulus = administrative division total water control amount divided by administrative division area; and for oasis areas, water total amount control index modulus = administrative division agricultural water control amount divided by administrative division agricultural area divided by administrative division area current agricultural area).
And comprehensively considering the precipitation level and the total water consumption level, and determining the abundance level of the water resource according to the evaluation matrix table, thereby obtaining a first water resource abundance level map.
For the climate resource factor, in some embodiments, the photothermal condition rating of each evaluation unit is obtained by: acquiring first accumulated temperature data; carrying out spatial interpolation on the first accumulated temperature data and grading according to the accumulated temperature to generate a movable accumulated temperature grading graph; and acquiring second accumulated temperature data, and setting the suitability of the planting industry in the area where the second accumulated temperature data is smaller than a preset accumulated temperature threshold value as an agricultural unsuitable area.
Specifically, when determining the grade of the photo-thermal condition, firstly, counting accumulated temperature (namely first accumulated temperature data) of which the daily average temperature is more than or equal to 10 ℃ within one year, and obtaining an active accumulated temperature map layer through spatial interpolation; then, the moving accumulated temperature grading diagram is generated according to the temperature of less than 1600 ℃, 1600-2500 ℃, 2500-3800 ℃, 3800-4400 ℃ and more than 4400 ℃. In addition, the accumulated temperature (namely, second accumulated temperature data) of which the daily average temperature is more than or equal to 0 ℃ in one year is counted, and for the area of which the accumulated temperature at 0 ℃ is less than a preset accumulated temperature threshold (for example, 1500 ℃), the agricultural production environmental condition is directly the worst grade, namely, the planting suitability of the area is set as an agricultural unsuitable area.
In addition to single factor based evaluation of the plantation by land resources, water resources, and climate resources, in order to characterize the impact of soil environmental quality on the evaluation of the suitability of the plantation, in some embodiments, the single factor based evaluation of the suitability of the plantation further comprises: and evaluating the suitability of the planting industry based on environmental factors and disaster factors.
In specific implementation, the environmental factors at least comprise water and soil pollution and soil salinization sensitivity levels, and the disaster factors at least comprise: risk of meteorological disasters. The environmental factors and the disaster factors are evaluated by the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a region with high risk of water and soil pollution. The method comprises the steps of combining four data of a soil pollution risk plot of a target area, a soil pollution risk key industrial park, a nonferrous metal mining and sorting enterprise and a tailing pond three soil pollution risk area and a water environment key control area, wherein the combined areas are water and soil pollution high-risk areas of the target area.
And secondly, obtaining grade distribution data of soil salinization sensitivity.
And thirdly, calculating the risk of the meteorological disaster. According to different conditions of each county, determining disaster species which affect the planting industry, such as drought, flood, low-temperature cold tide, strong wind, sand storm, hail and the like. And determining the high-risk areas of the meteorological disasters according to the disaster frequency, the influence range and relevant data of meteorological bureaus in each county in the past year.
After the basic evaluation results of the water and soil resources are formed, directly evaluating the area with the highest evaluation level in the basic evaluation results of the water and soil resources as a planting industry production suitable area, and directly evaluating the area with the lowest evaluation level as a planting industry unsuitable area; for the intermediate grade, filtering and modifying the intermediate grade by integrating environmental pollution factors, meteorological disaster factors, soil salinization and the like; then, a space aggregation algorithm is applied, the area which is sliced into a scale is taken as an area with high suitability in consideration of the continuous slice degree of the area, and scattered suitable areas are removed.
The link degree is used for representing the breaking degree of the pattern spots related to the basic evaluation result of the planting water and soil resources in the target area, and the link degree corresponding to the basic evaluation result of the planting water and soil resources is also called the farmland breaking degree.
The basic evaluation based on water and soil resource integration is explained in detail below, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and S112, determining a water and soil resource basic grade based on the agricultural cultivation condition grade map and the first water resource abundance grade.
And S113, determining the primary suitability grade of the planting industry based on the photo-thermal condition grade and the water and soil resource basic grade.
After determining the preliminary suitability level for the plantation industry, it is amended on the basis of environmental and disaster factors, in particular:
and S102, correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry based on the environmental factor and the meteorological disaster factor to obtain a corrected result.
In practical application, firstly, the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry is corrected by applying the water and soil pollution high-risk area, namely, the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry is reduced by two grades in the water and soil pollution high-risk area.
Secondly, the suitability grade is corrected by applying the salinization sensitivity grade distribution of the soil and the high-risk area of meteorological disasters, namely the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry is reduced by one grade in the area with extremely high salinization sensitivity; in the area with high risk of the meteorological disasters, the primary suitability grade of the planting industry is adjusted to be 5 grade and 4 grade, so that the correction result of the primary suitability grade of the planting industry is obtained.
And S103, performing aggregation operation on the corrected result of the preliminary suitability level of the planting industry based on a space aggregation algorithm, and determining a production suitability partition of the planting industry.
Specifically, the space unit with the grade of 1 is directly classified as the unsuitable area of the planting industry according to the correction result of the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry. And the space units with the grade of 5 are used as alternative areas of the production suitable area of the planting industry, and the space units with the grade of 4 higher, 3 medium and 2 lower are used as alternative areas of the general suitable area.
For planting suitable areas and general suitable area alternative areas (grid units with grades of 5 higher, 4 higher, 3 lower and 2 lower), using 30m as a polymerization radius to polymerize the space units; preliminarily determining the block continuity level based on a preset continuity level grading reference threshold according to the area of the aggregation result pattern spot; and determining the production suitability subarea of the planting industry by a discrimination matrix according to the grade of the land parcel continuity.
And S104, correcting the planting industry production suitability subarea by using the land utilization data, and determining a planting industry production suitability evaluation result.
After determining the planting industry production suitability sub-zone, in order to further improve the accuracy of the evaluation results, the final evaluation results of the planting industry suitability need to be determined using the latest land use data.
In the specific application, the planting industry production suitability subarea and the latest land utilization data are calculated, and the ecological protection important area is deducted from the planting industry production suitability subarea; deducting town construction and mining area types which cannot be engaged in planting industry in the future; and deducting bare land, gobi, saline-alkali land, sandy land, marshland and the like in the current land utilization, thereby obtaining the planting industry production suitability evaluation result, namely a planting industry suitability evaluation result graph.
And S105, acquiring a preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry.
It should be noted that the animal husbandry is divided into animal husbandry in pasturing areas and animal husbandry in farming areas with main part of grazing and barn feeding, and the annual precipitation 400mm isoline or the 3200 ℃ isoline with the accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ is the boundary line between the pasturing area and the farming area. Therefore, the type of animal husbandry can be determined and suitability evaluation can be carried out according to local natural geographic conditions.
Wherein, the animal husbandry in the pastoral area is mainly distributed in arid and semiarid areas and is greatly restricted by natural conditions. The higher the grassland forage production capacity (high-quality grassland), the lower the risk of meteorological disasters such as snow disaster, wind disaster and the like, and the flatter and relatively concentrated terrain, the more suitable for animal husbandry production in pastoral areas.
According to the principle, the animal husbandry suitability evaluation method mainly evaluates factors such as grassland resources, land resources, water resources, disaster risks and the like to generate a primary suitability evaluation result; after a basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resource is formed, comprehensive evaluation based on multiple factors is carried out, and the preliminary evaluation results are respectively screened and processed; and finally, correcting, degrading, upgrading or eliminating the data by further combining the data such as disasters, space aggregation, land utilization and the like. Finally generating the result of the livestock husbandry suitability refined evaluation. The animal husbandry suitability evaluation method and procedure in the examples of the present application are described in detail below.
The step S105 of obtaining the preliminary suitability level of animal husbandry specifically includes the following steps:
and S121, evaluating the animal husbandry based on a single factor through the grassland resource, the land resource and the water resource to obtain a basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resource, wherein the basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resource at least comprises a grassland resource grade, a land utilization degree grade and a second water resource abundance grade.
It should be noted that, aiming at oasis, river valleys and mountain land areas in northwest arid areas of China, on the evaluation index system of animal husbandry development, local conditions are adjusted, and the calculation method of animal load is also unique in areas.
The following describes in detail the procedure of evaluation of the suitability of the county-area animal husbandry in terms of each single factor of the grassland resource, the land resource and the water resource.
The grassland resource factor is mainly used for calculating the grassland resource grade. In specific implementation, the grassland resource grade is obtained by the following steps: calculating the total amount of hay in unit area to generate a pasture yield map; calculating the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of the grassland according to the pasture yield graph; and determining the grassland resource grade based on the pasture yield graph and the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of the grassland.
In specific implementation, first, the total amount of hay per unit area of the target area is calculated. And superposing a Net primary productivity data (NPP) product based on remote sensing and a coverage classification product to obtain the NPP of the Chinese grassland estimated by remote sensing, thus obtaining the pasture yield map of the target area. And secondly, calculating the theoretical stock carrying capacity of the grassland of the target area according to the pasture yield map of the target area. When the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of the grassland in the target area is calculated, compared with the traditional method that the livestock carrying capacity of the grassland is expressed by using a livestock unit method (the number of adult livestock can be stocked in the grassland with a certain area for one year), the unit generally adopts a sheep unit, and the method has the advantages that the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of the grassland is more scientific and reasonable according to the grass yield of the grassland from the application angle. Thirdly, determining the grassland resource grade through a discrimination matrix according to the grassland yield and the ideal livestock carrying capacity.
And aiming at the land resources, evaluating by adopting a method similar to the land resource evaluation in the planting industry evaluation. That is, first, based on the digital topographic map, the slopes of the grid cells are calculated, and a slope grading map is generated at ≦ 10 °, 10-20 °, 20-30 °, 30-35 °, and > 35 °.
Secondly, a land use level grade is determined. And on the basis of the gradient grading result, dividing the utilization degree of land resources into 5 types of high type, medium type, low type and medium type.
Evaluating the water resource factor to obtain a second water resource abundance level, which in some embodiments is obtained by: determining a water supply source available for animal husbandry; calculating a water supply distance between each grid unit and a water supply source based on the grid units in the land utilization degree grade; and dividing the water resource abundance into a plurality of grades according to the water supply distance to obtain a second water resource abundance grade.
Specifically, a water supply source available for animal husbandry, such as rivers, lakes and the like, is determined, then the water supply distance between each grid unit and the water supply source is calculated based on grids evaluated by land resources, then the water supply distance is divided into 5 grades, namely a second water resource abundance grade, according to the grades of less than or equal to 2.5km, 2.5-5km, 5-7.5km, 7.5-10km and more than 10 \13214m.
In addition to the individual single factors of herbicidal land, land and water resources, in some embodiments, the single factor-based suitability assessment for animal husbandry further comprises: and directly evaluating the suitability of the planting industry based on disaster risks.
The disaster risk at least comprises the weather disaster risk, and the calculation process is as follows: according to different conditions of each county, determining disaster types such as snow disasters, wind disasters and the like which affect the animal husbandry, and according to the disaster suffering frequency and the influence range of the past year and relevant data of meteorological bureaus of each county, determining a meteorological disaster high-risk area.
After obtaining the basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources based on single-factor evaluation, directly evaluating the area with the highest evaluation level in the basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources as a suitable area, and directly evaluating the area with the lowest evaluation level as an unsuitable area for animal husbandry; for the intermediate level, a spatial aggregation algorithm needs to be applied, the flaked areas are taken into consideration (flakiness, which is used for representing grass crumbling degree), the flaked areas are taken as areas with high suitability, and scattered suitable areas are removed.
The process of determining the preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry on the basis of the basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources is described in detail below, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and S122, determining a basic level of the aquatic weed resource based on the grassland resource level and the second water resource abundance level.
And S123, determining a preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry based on the land utilization degree grade and the basic grade of the aquatic weed resource.
After determining the animal husbandry preliminary suitability level, the animal husbandry preliminary suitability level is corrected based on the disaster, space aggregation and land utilization data, via step S106:
and S106, correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry based on the meteorological disaster factors, the space aggregation algorithm and the land utilization data to obtain an animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result.
In specific implementation, firstly, the weather disaster risk level is applied, and the suitability level is corrected. The risk of meteorological disasters is high, and the preliminary result is 5-level adjustment to 4-level adjustment.
Then, calculating the block connection degree of the animal husbandry in the pasturing area, wherein the polymerization distance is 100 meters; according to the block connection degree of the grassland in the animal husbandry, the suitability subarea of the animal husbandry production in the pastoral area is determined by the judgment matrix.
Finally, deducting the most important ecological protection area from the animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result according to the latest land utilization data; deducting town construction and mining area types which cannot be engaged in animal husbandry in the future; and deducting bare land, gobi, saline-alkali land, sandy land, marshland and the like in the current land utilization to obtain the animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result in each county and region of the target area.
And S107, obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry based on the evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry.
In some embodiments, in step S107, based on the cultivation industry production suitability evaluation result and the animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result, a comprehensive agriculture and animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result is obtained, specifically:
based on the planting industry production suitability evaluation result and the animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result, merging the suitable areas for the animal husbandry in the farming area into the suitable areas for the animal husbandry production (called suitable areas for the planting industry for short) in the planting industry production suitability evaluation result to obtain suitable areas for the planting industry production, suitable areas for the animal husbandry in the animal husbandry area (called suitable areas for the animal husbandry for short) and unsuitable areas for the agriculture; and adding the areas suitable for the planting industry and the animal husbandry in the animal husbandry area to obtain the areas suitable for the agricultural production so as to generate a comprehensive evaluation result of the production suitability of the agricultural husbandry.
Exemplary applications
Taking area A of province X as an example, the method for carrying out agriculture and animal husbandry generation suitability evaluation on area A of province X by applying the GIS-based drought oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry production suitability refined evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the application is applied, after the comprehensive evaluation result of area A is obtained, 10 county-level areas under the jurisdiction of area A are subjected to refined evaluation, and county-town and village-level comprehensive refined evaluation results are generated, wherein the comprehensive refined evaluation results comprise a county-level area agricultural production suitability evaluation result graph and a county-level area agricultural production suitability evaluation summary data table. The result shows that the distribution range of the areas suitable for the plantation production, the areas suitable for the animal husbandry and the areas unsuitable for agriculture in the range of villages and towns in 10 county-level areas is clear, the boundary line of the pattern spots is clear, the precision of summarized data is high, and the requirement of optimizing the territorial spatial layout can be met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A GIS-based method for evaluating the production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101, acquiring a primary suitability grade of the planting industry;
s102, correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry based on the environmental factor and the meteorological disaster factor to obtain a correction result of the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry;
step S103, performing aggregation operation on the corrected result of the preliminary suitability grade of the planting industry based on a space aggregation algorithm, and determining a production suitability partition of the planting industry;
s104, correcting the planting industry production suitability subarea by using land utilization data, and determining a planting industry production suitability evaluation result;
step S105, obtaining a preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry;
s106, correcting the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry based on meteorological disaster factors, a space aggregation algorithm and the land utilization data to obtain an animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result;
and S107, obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry based on the evaluation result of the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry and the evaluation result of the production suitability of the animal husbandry.
2. The GIS-based detailed evaluation method for the production suitability of the rural-county-level agriculture and animal husbandry based on the GIS according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S101, the preliminary suitability grade of the plantation is obtained, and specifically:
s111, evaluating the planting industry based on a single factor through land resources, water resources and climate resources to obtain a basic evaluation result of the water and soil resources, wherein the basic evaluation result of the water and soil resources at least comprises an agricultural cultivation condition grade chart, a first water resource abundance grade and a photo-thermal condition grade;
step S112, determining a water and soil resource basic grade based on the agricultural cultivation condition grade map and the first water resource abundance grade;
and S113, determining a primary suitability grade of the planting industry based on the photo-thermal condition grade and the water and soil resource basic grade.
3. The GIS-based drought oasis county-level farming-grazing industry production suitability detailed evaluation method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step S111, the first water resource abundance level is obtained by the following steps:
calculating the average precipitation per year of an arid oasis county-level region, and dividing each evaluation unit in the arid oasis county-level region into a plurality of precipitation levels according to the average precipitation per year of the arid oasis county-level region;
calculating a water total amount control index modulus of an arid oasis county-level region, and dividing each evaluation unit in the arid oasis county-level region into a plurality of water total amount grades according to the water total amount control index modulus of the arid oasis county-level region;
and determining the first water resource abundance grade according to an evaluation matrix table based on the precipitation grade and the total water consumption grade.
4. The GIS-based detailed evaluation method for the suitability of the production in the rural-county-level agriculture and animal husbandry of the arid oasis county level according to claim 2, wherein in the step S111, the agricultural cultivation condition grade map is obtained by the following steps:
calculating the gradient of each grid unit in the digital topographic map based on the pre-acquired digital topographic map, and generating a gradient grading map according to the gradient of each grid unit;
dividing the utilization degree of land resources into a plurality of grades by combining an elevation classification chart on the basis of the gradient classification chart so as to generate a preliminary agricultural cultivation condition grade;
and correcting the preliminary agricultural cultivation condition grade based on the content of the silt of the soil to obtain the agricultural cultivation condition grade map.
5. The GIS-based detailed evaluation method for the suitability of the production in the rural-county-level agriculture and animal husbandry of the dry oasis according to claim 2, wherein in the step S111, the photo-thermal condition grade is obtained by the following steps:
acquiring first accumulated temperature data;
carrying out spatial interpolation on the first accumulated temperature data and grading according to the accumulated temperature to generate a movable accumulated temperature grading graph;
and acquiring second accumulated temperature data, and setting the suitability of the planting industry of the area where the second accumulated temperature data is smaller than a preset accumulated temperature threshold value as an agricultural unsuitable area.
6. The GIS-based detailed evaluation method for the production suitability of the farming and animal husbandry county level of the arid oasis according to claim 1, wherein in the step S105, the preliminary suitability grade of the animal husbandry is obtained by:
s121, evaluating the animal husbandry based on a single factor through grassland resources, land resources and water resources to obtain a basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources, wherein the basic evaluation result of the aquatic weed resources at least comprises a grassland resource grade, a land utilization degree grade and a second water resource abundance grade;
s122, determining a basic level of the aquatic weed resource based on the grassland resource level and the second water resource abundance level;
and S123, determining a preliminary suitability grade of animal husbandry based on the land utilization degree grade and the basic grade of the aquatic weed resource.
7. The GIS-based drought oasis county-level farming-grazing industry production suitability detailed evaluation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that the grassland resource level is obtained by the following steps:
calculating the total amount of hay in unit area to generate a pasture yield map;
calculating theoretical stock carrying capacity of a grassland according to the pasture yield graph;
and determining the grassland resource grade based on the pasture yield graph and the theoretical stock carrying capacity of the grassland.
8. The GIS-based dry oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry production suitability refined evaluation method according to claim 6 wherein the second water resource abundance grade is obtained by the steps of:
determining a water supply source available for animal husbandry;
calculating a water supply distance between each grid unit and a water supply source based on the grid units in the land utilization degree grade;
and dividing the water resource abundance into a plurality of grades according to the water supply distance to obtain a second water resource abundance grade map.
9. The GIS-based detailed evaluation method for the suitability of the rural county-level farming and animal husbandry production based on the GIS of claim 1, wherein in step S107, the comprehensive evaluation result for the suitability of the farming and animal husbandry production is obtained based on the evaluation result for the suitability of the farming and animal husbandry production and specifically comprises the following steps:
on the basis of the planting industry production suitability evaluation result and the animal husbandry production suitability evaluation result, merging the suitable farm areas and animal husbandry production areas in the farming industry production suitability evaluation result to obtain suitable planting industry production areas, suitable animal husbandry areas in the animal husbandry areas and unsuitable agricultural areas;
and adding the planting production suitable area and the pasturing area animal husbandry suitable area to generate a comprehensive evaluation result of the agricultural and animal husbandry production suitability.
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