CN114925974A - Classification gradual double-evaluation method for city and county territory space planning - Google Patents
Classification gradual double-evaluation method for city and county territory space planning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a classification step-by-step double-evaluation method for city and county territory space planning, which comprises the following steps: an ecological space evaluation method is constructed to comprehensively define an extremely important area of ecological protection by combining results of ecological protection importance evaluation and ecological network construction and related natural protection place data; comprehensively defining permanent rural areas based on the defined extremely important areas for ecological protection and according to the evaluation of agricultural production suitability and the evaluation of major agricultural infrastructure and village protection areas; in the national soil space outside the area with the most important deduction for ecological protection and the permanent rural area, dividing a preset area grid, carrying out the evaluation on the suitability of the urban construction project and the economic efficiency of land utilization, and dividing a heavy construction area and a heavy protection area; and optimizing the development and protection of the territorial space and the space elements. The invention realizes scientific layout and demarcation of three areas and three lines on the basis of evaluation, and provides basis for optimizing the scientific configuration of the national soil space development and protection overall pattern and space elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of evaluation, in particular to a classification step-by-step double-evaluation method for city and county territory space planning.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least in part, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a classification step-by-step double-evaluation method facing city and county national soil space planning, and the invention provides a new classification step-by-step double-evaluation method facing city and county national soil space planning, which can scientifically develop city and county level 'double-evaluation' and provide important support for city and county national soil space planning.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a classification gradual double-evaluation method for city and county territory space planning, including:
combining ecological protection importance evaluation indexes and geographic data of a natural protected area to construct an ecological space evaluation method, and comprehensively defining an ecological protection important area according to the ecological space evaluation method; establishing an agricultural space evaluation method according to a plurality of agricultural space evaluation indexes based on the determined extremely important area for ecological protection, and comprehensively defining a permanent rural area based on the agricultural space evaluation method; in the territorial space outside the extremely important ecological protection area and the permanent rural area, a town growth boundary range is defined according to construction elements of a town economic influence area and construction limiting elements of a town, a grid with a preset area is divided in the town growth boundary range, evaluation indexes of the suitability of a town construction project and the economic efficiency of land utilization are calculated, a town space evaluation method is constructed according to the evaluation indexes of the suitability of the town construction project and the economic efficiency of land utilization, and a side weight construction area and a side weight protection area are defined according to the town space evaluation method; and realizing classification of the territorial space planning based on the defined critical ecological protection area, the permanent rural area, the side weight construction area and the side weight protection area.
The classification gradual double-evaluation method facing the city and county state soil space planning of the embodiment of the invention realizes scientific layout and demarcation of three-area three-line on the basis of evaluation, and provides a basis for optimizing the scientific configuration of the soil space development protection overall pattern and space elements.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a classification-based step-by-step dual-evaluation method for city-county territory space planning according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double-evaluation research framework for city and county territory space planning according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ecological space assessment research framework according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an agricultural spatial assessment research framework according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a town space assessment research framework according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The classification step-by-step dual evaluation method for city and county territory space planning according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention carries out research frame innovation based on the concept of 'element extraction, practicality, science and effective result', as shown in figure 2. The whole evaluation process adopts the general idea of 'subtraction', and scientifically evaluates the urban and rural ecological safety pattern, the development of permanent rural areas, the safety of urban and rural construction space and land use benefits (economic, social and environmental benefits) on the urban and county level based on information technology iteration, tries to make the evaluation result practical, scientific and operable, realizes scientific layout and demarcation of 'three-area three-line' on the basis of evaluation, and provides a basis for optimizing the scientific configuration of developing and protecting the general pattern and space elements in the national space.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a classification step-by-step dual-evaluation method for city-county territory space planning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the classification step-by-step double evaluation method for city and county territory space planning includes the following steps:
and step S1, combining the ecological protection importance evaluation index and the geographic data of the natural protected area, constructing an ecological space evaluation method, and comprehensively defining an ecological protection important area according to the ecological space evaluation method.
Specifically, the ecological space evaluation method mainly comprises the following aspects: (1) and evaluating the importance of ecological protection from two aspects of ecological system service function and ecological vulnerability. The ecological system service function comprises four aspects of biological diversity maintenance function importance, water source conservation function importance, water and soil conservation importance and wind prevention and sand fixation importance; the ecological vulnerability evaluation comprises three aspects of water loss vulnerability, rocky desertification vulnerability and desertification vulnerability. On the basis of the service function of the ecological system and the evaluation result of ecological vulnerability, the extremely important ecological protection area is judged, the boundary check and the local correction are carried out on the identified extremely important ecological protection area according to the third national land survey data, concentrated continuous non-ecological land such as a town current situation built-up area is deducted, and the evaluation of the ecological protection importance is supplemented. (2) Identifying the safety pattern problem of the regional ecological landscape, and according to FRAGSTATS, performing index analysis on the landscape pattern of the research region to identify the ecological landscape pattern problem mainly facing the interior of the region; (3) for the construction and evaluation of an ecological network, the maintenance of regional ecological safety patterns is mainly considered, the invention adopts a 'patch-gallery-matrix' mode and an ecological network theory in landscape ecology, and a potential ecological gallery capable of enhancing network functions is simulated and expressed through quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, a gravity model analysis method is adopted to evaluate the overall structure and network elements of the ecological network, and the most important area of ecological protection is comprehensively defined by taking the core ecological patch, the linear corridor, the footage corridor and other elements in the ecological network obtained by evaluation as the basis and combining the evaluation of the importance of ecological protection and the existing data of the natural protection place. The framework of the ecological space evaluation method is shown in fig. 3.
Further, the evaluation method of the ecosystem service function comprises the following steps:
specifically, from the viewpoint of "dual evaluation" serving for the territorial space planning, it is first required to satisfy the requirement of taking ecology as a base and mainly focusing on functions related to ecological safety, including the functions of biodiversity maintenance, water conservation, water and soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, and the like, and importance levels are divided according to the importance degree of the functions on regional ecological safety.
In the aspect of biological diversity maintenance importance, the method takes the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation as a main parameter to evaluate the vegetation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
BC＝[NPPmean]×Fpre×Ftemp×(1-Falt)
where [ NPPmean ] is the net primary productivity of vegetation, which is an average of nearly 10 years. Fpre, Ftemp and Falt are average rainfall in nearly 10 years, average air temperature and altitude factor in many years, the rainfall and air temperature factors are respectively standardized according to an extreme method, elevation data are standardized according to a maximum and minimum method, and the threshold value after the standardization of each factor is (0, 1).
Because the NPP is data of a 1km grid, rainfall and air temperature are spatial interpolation data, the spatial precision of a simulation result is insufficient, and the vertical differentiation rule is not sufficiently explained. Therefore, aiming at the topographic features of the research area, a 'species habitat factor' is introduced to correct the evaluation result. The correction method is to multiply the calculation result of the formula by a 'species habitat factor' coefficient, the 'species habitat factor' coefficient is assigned according to the current land utilization situation, the assignment method refers to the table 1, and the current land utilization situation is determined according to the ground surface coverage classification of the general survey of the geographical national conditions.
TABLE 1 assignment of "species habitat factor" coefficients
In the aspect of importance evaluation of water conservation function, the method takes the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation as a main parameter to measure and calculate the net primary productivity, and the calculation formula is as follows:
WR＝NPPmean×Fsic×Fpre×(1-Fslp)
WR is the water source conservation service capability index, NPP, of the ecological system mean Average value of net primary productivity for years of vegetation, F sic Is a soil seepage factor, F pre Is a perennial average precipitation factor, F slp Is the gradient factor. Considering that NPP is data of a 1km grid, rainfall is spatial interpolation data, and the simulation result is insufficient in spatial precision and insufficient in interpretation of a vertical diversity rule. And introducing a 'surface coverage factor' and an 'altitude factor' to correct the evaluation result, wherein the correction method is to multiply the calculation result of the formula by a 'surface coverage factor' coefficient and an 'altitude factor' coefficient. The 'surface coverage factor' coefficient is assigned to the current surface coverage type according to the following table, and the data source is the general survey data of the geographical national conditions. The calculation method of the altitude factor coefficient comprises the following steps:
AF＝Max(Hi，Hd)/Hmax
in the formula, H i Is the pixel elevation value, H max To evaluate the maximum altitude of the area, H d The method is used for evaluating the altitude value of the vegetation with the highest distribution area between the lowest and the highest in the regional vertical zonal vegetation. According to the natural zone unit where the evaluation area is locatedAnd selecting coniferous forests or shrubs for researching regional vegetation. As shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 "surface coverage factor" coefficient assignment
In the aspect of evaluating the importance of the water and soil conservation function, the invention takes the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of the vegetation as a main parameter to measure and calculate the importance of the water and soil conservation function, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[WCF]＝[NPPmean]×(1-K)×(1-Fslp)
wherein [ NPP ] mean ]Is a yearly average of net primary productivity of vegetation, K, F slp The soil erodability factor and the gradient factor are respectively, the gradient is standardized according to an extreme value method, and the standardized threshold value is (0, 1). The formula for K is as follows:
K＝[-0.01383+0.51575Kepic]×0.1317
Kepic＝{0.2+0.3exp[-0.0256ms(1-msilt/100)]}×[msilt/(mc+msilt)]0.3×{1-0.25orgC/[orgC+exp(3.72-2.95orgC)]}×{1-0.7(1-ms/100)/{(1-ms/100)+exp[-5.51+22.9(1-ms/100)]}}
in the formula, m c 、m silt 、m s And orgC are the percentage contents of clay, powder, sand and organic carbon respectively.
In the aspect of evaluation of the wind prevention and sand fixation function importance, the invention uses the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of vegetation as a main parameter to measure and calculate the wind prevention and sand fixation importance, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[WPSF]＝[NPPmean]×K×Fq×D
[ NPPmean ] is the annual average value of net primary productivity of vegetation, and K, Fq and D are a soil erodibility factor, the annual average weather erosion force and a surface roughness factor respectively.
ETPi＝0.19(20+Ti)×(1-ri)
u2＝u1(z2/z1) 1′7
D＝1/cos(θ)
In the formula, u is a monthly average wind speed of 2m, u1 and u2 respectively represent wind speeds at the heights of z1 and z2, ETPi is a monthly potential evaporation amount, Pi is a monthly precipitation amount, d is the day of the month, Ti is a monthly average air temperature, ri is a monthly relative humidity (%), and θ is a slope (radian).
Further, the ecological vulnerability evaluation method comprises the following steps:
in the aspect of comprehensive evaluation of ecological vulnerability, factors influencing a certain ecological environment problem are assigned based on evaluation of each single-factor ecological vulnerability, and an ecological vulnerability index is calculated through the following formula.
In the formula, SS j A vulnerability index of a certain ecological environment problem of the j space unit; c (i，j) I factor rank values for j space cells; w is a i The weight of the ecological environment problem is influenced by the factor i; n is the number of factors.
In the aspect of water and soil loss vulnerability, the spatial superposition analysis function of the geographic information system software is utilized, and the water and soil loss vulnerability is evaluated according to the following formula.
In the formula, R is a rainfall erosive power factor, K is a soil erodible factor, LS is a topographic relief factor, C is a vegetation coverage factor, the calculation method of each factor refers to technical guidance for ecological protection red line demarcation issued by the national environmental protection ministry in 2015, and the assignment method of each factor is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Graded assignment of water and soil loss vulnerability assessment factors
In the aspect of vulnerability to land desertification, the vulnerability to land desertification is evaluated according to the following formula by utilizing the spatial superposition analysis function of the geographic information system software.
I. W, K, C are dryness index, days of wind and sand in winter and spring greater than 6m/s, soil texture and vegetation coverage factor, the calculation method of each factor refers to technical guidance for ecological protection red line demarcation issued by the national environmental protection ministry in 2015, and the value assignment of each factor is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 grading assignment of soil desertification vulnerability assessment factors
In the aspect of stony desertification vulnerability, a stony desertification vulnerability evaluation graph is generated by utilizing the spatial superposition analysis function of geographic information system software according to the following formula.
Wherein D is the exposed area proportion of carbonate, P is the terrain slope, C is the vegetation coverage, the calculation method of each factor refers to the technical guideline for the red line demarcation of ecological protection issued by the national environmental protection ministry in 2015, and the value assignment of each factor is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 hierarchical assignment of stony desertification vulnerability assessment factors
In the aspect of comprehensive evaluation of ecological vulnerability, the two types of ecological vulnerability problems are comprehensively considered, a maximum value method is adopted, and comprehensive vulnerability indexes of different space unit ecological systems are calculated according to the following formula:
S＝max(SS j 1，SS j 2)
in the formula, S is a comprehensive vulnerability index of a spatial unit ecosystem; SSj1 is the vulnerability index of j space unit ecological environment problem 1; SSj2 is the spatial unit ecological problem 2 vulnerability index.
Further, the construction of the ecological network comprises:
the invention comprehensively considers the factors of the ecosystem service function, the morphological landscape pattern, the connectivity of ecological patches, the existing ecological protection land and the like for selecting the ecological source land. Firstly, selecting an ecological source area on the basis of a high-value area of the service function of the ecological system by referring to the evaluation result of the service function of the ecological system; secondly, the morphological spatial pattern is based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) (morphological spatial pattern analysis) to identify the spatial topological relation between the target image element set and the structural elements, the MSPA method divides the land utilization data into a foreground and a background, the foreground is divided into 7 types of non-overlapping landscapes, namely a core, a patch, a pore, an edge, a bridge, a loop and a branch, by using an image processing technology, wherein the core area is used as one of the bases for identifying the ecological source area; secondly, in terms of ecological plaque connectivity, the Conefor2.6 software is used for identifying important ecological plaques with high connectivity in the research area.
Based on the third national soil survey result, the method extracts shrub swamps, forest swamps, river water surfaces, pit and pond water surfaces and the like to merge into a water area, takes the water area as a foreground, takes other lands such as grasslands, cultivated lands, construction lands and the like as a background, and specifically converts foreground and background data into a 30m multiplied by 30m binary grid file in a TIFF format as shown in Table 7. And analyzing the research area by using a GuidosToolbox software platform, and performing MSPA (minimum shift analysis) analysis on the research area by using an eight-neighborhood analysis method to finally identify seven types of landscape elements. The core area is the most important component, is a habitat patch with a larger area in the foreground pixel, can provide a larger habitat for biological species, and can be used as a 'source' of an ecological process.
The invention adopts the overall connectivity Index IIC (integral Index of connectivity), the possible connectivity Index PC (probability of connectivity) and the plaque importance Index (dPC) in the landscape function connectivity to comprehensively judge the protection priority of the ecological plaque.
In the formula: n is the total number of forest land patches, a i Refers to the area of the patch i, a j Refers to the area of the patch j, nl ij Representing the number of connections between blob i and blob j, A 2 L Representing the total area of the woodland landscape. IIC is in the range of [0, 1 ]]When IIC is 1, the forest land landscape is habitat.
In the formula: p ij Representing the maximum probability of diffusion between patch i and patch j, and PC has a value in the range of [0, 1 ]]The smaller the PC value, the lower the connectivity between patches.
dPC＝(PC-PC remove )PC×100％
In the formula: PC (personal computer) remov And (4) representing the overall index value of the residual plaque after removing a certain plaque. dPC, which indicates the amount of change in the possible connectivity index, the importance of an evaluable element to the overall landscape connectivity, with a larger value indicating a higher importance of an element.
The method comprises the steps of taking an ecological source area candidate area determined based on MSPA as a landscape connectivity evaluation object, setting a patch connectivity threshold value to be 2500m and a connectivity probability to be 0.5 by utilizing Conefor software (probability corresponding to medium diffusion distance is used for carrying out landscape connectivity evaluation on ecological patches in a core area). the ecological patches with dPC index larger than 0.01 are taken as a final ecological network source area.
In order to construct an ecological network, the ecological resistance cost of the plaque is determined by adopting an MCR minimum accumulated resistance model. The ecological source in the ecological network does not necessarily play the same role in the whole ecological process, the specific ecological process, the role played by the ecological source and the importance level of the ecological source are known, and guidance can be provided for important plaque protection in the current situation in ecological network system research and optimization of the future ecological network. According to the relevant research, the intermediary centrality measure (K) may define roles for different blobs in the complete ecological network.
Wherein the K value represents the importance degree of the plaque i in the ecological network in the whole research area range, the dPCconnector represents the importance degree of the plaque i in maintaining the connectivity of the ecological network in the whole research area range, and the dBC (PC) represents the maximum flux passing through the plaque i in the landscape spreading process in the whole research area range.
Accordingly, the present invention calculates the flux index of the ecological source in the ecological network of the research area by means of the conefloor software, and defines 0 < dbc (pc), that is, the ecological source where all the flux occurs, as an important patch (high universe, 2019) in the ecological network system. Secondly, performing mediated centrality index analysis and calculation on important ecological patches, and calculating K i More than 0.1 is defined as ecological habitat of forest land, K is more than 0 i And (3) determining the woodland stepping stone patches with the value of less than or equal to 0.1, and grading the woodland stepping stone patches according to a natural breakpoint method. As shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 ecological protection space grading
The invention analyzes the connection importance degree of the ecological network based on the gravity model, researches the interaction and the mutual relation among all components through the ecological corridor, and determines the internal characteristics of the ecological system.
The interaction strength between the source and the target can be quantitatively evaluated through gravity model analysis, important ecological patches and ecological galleries in the ecological network of the whole research area are identified, and the interaction strength between the ecological source and the ecological target is analyzed. The calculation formula of the gravity model recognition force model is as follows:
in the formula: g ij Representing the magnitude of the interaction force of the ecological plaques i and j; n is a radical of i And N j Respectively the weight values of the two ecological patches; d ij Is a normalized value of potential ecological corridor resistance between patches i and j; p is i Is the resistance value of the ecological plaque i; s. the i Is the area of the ecological patch i; l is a radical of an alcohol ij Is the cumulative resistance value of the ecological corridor between the ecological patches i to j; l is max Is the maximum value of the resistance of each ecological corridor.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) defining and adjusting ecological red lines:
in the aspect of defining the extremely important ecological protection area, the extremely important ecological protection area is comprehensively defined on the basis of the important ecological patches, the linear galleries, the footage gallery and other core elements in an ecological network by combining the evaluation result of the ecological protection importance and the existing relevant data of the natural protection area. The types and contents of the regions of great importance for ecological protection are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 types and contents of regions of great importance for ecological protection
And S2, constructing an agricultural space evaluation method according to a plurality of agricultural space evaluation indexes based on the defined extremely important ecological protection areas, and comprehensively defining permanent rural areas based on the agricultural space evaluation method.
Specifically, the agricultural space evaluation technical method mainly comprises the following aspects: (1) calculating the maximum bearing scale of agricultural production based on the water resource and land resource constraints, and determining the reasonable bearing scale of agricultural production according to the short plate principle; (2) in areas outside the area with the great importance of ecological protection, the production suitability of the universe and all elements in the planting industry, the animal husbandry and the fishery is evaluated, and the agricultural production suitability grade is divided; (3) on the basis of an agricultural production suitability evaluation result, a TOPSIS model is constructed based on three principles of high and stable yield, scale operation and centralized connection, a grain crop function area, an important agricultural product production protection area and a regional characteristic agricultural product production protection area are further refined and evaluated, and a permanent basic farmland protection area is combined to comprehensively define an agricultural production function area with high and stable yield, centralized connection and scale operation attributes; (4) on the basis of the analysis and evaluation, a permanent rural area index evaluation system is constructed from 4 aspects of agricultural production suitability evaluation, agricultural production protected area evaluation, village protected area evaluation and major agricultural infrastructure protected area evaluation. Based on the evaluation factors, the permanent rural areas are identified by combining a method of a discrimination matrix, and a foundation is laid for protecting the agricultural space, the producers in the whole agricultural field and the key rural areas. The technical framework of the agricultural space evaluation method is shown in fig. 4.
Evaluation of suitability for agricultural production:
specifically, the cultivation production suitability evaluation mainly comprises the steps of constructing an evaluation index system from land resources, water resources, climate conditions and environmental conditions, evaluating the suitability of the four aspects respectively, and obtaining a cultivation production suitability evaluation result through comprehensive superposition analysis.
Evaluating the suitability degree of the planting production based on the factor indexes, superposing the factors of each block map according to a matrix evaluation method, judging a soil resource foundation, determining two indexes of agricultural cultivation conditions and agricultural water supply conditions, and determining a water and soil resource foundation of the planting production function direction; secondly, a preliminary result of the planting production suitability grade is obtained by combining the photo-thermal condition according to a discriminant matrix table as shown in the following table 8.
TABLE 8 preliminary fitness level for the plant industry production function orientation
From the perspective of water resource constraint, the bearable arable land scale comprises bearable irrigation arable land area and rain-fed arable land area. The calculation formula of the bearable irrigation cultivated land area is as follows:
S a ＝W i /Q i
in the formula, S a Can bear irrigation cultivated land area W under the restriction of water resources i Representing the amount of water available for irrigation under certain conditions, Q i Representing the comprehensive irrigation quota of the farmland.
Wherein the amount of water available for irrigation (W) i ) The method is determined by combining a regional water supply structure, a three-product structure and the like on the basis of regional water total amount control indexes. Agricultural field comprehensive irrigation quota (Q) i ) According to the actual conditions of local agricultural production, the method is based on the irrigation quota of representative crops (rice, wheat, corn and the like), and is determined according to different planting structures, multiple planting conditions, irrigation modes (flood irrigation, pipe irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation and the like), the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water and the like.
The area of the rain-fed cultivated land is determined according to the precipitation amount in the crop growth period, the consistency of the precipitation process and the crop water-requiring process and the like. And the related parameters adopt the grain and agriculture organization recommended values of the United nations and are corrected according to local experience.
Rain-fed agriculture needs to adapt to the rainfall law of research areas, and the area of rain-fed agriculture depends on the rainfall in the growing period of crops and the consistency degree of the rainfall process and the water demand process of the crops. The invention adopts Penemann formula to calculate crop transpiration evaporation capacity, refers to the crop coefficient recommended by the food and agriculture organization of the United nations, and calculates the water consumption (H) of the main crops in the growing period Consumption of water ) (ii) a Determining the effective precipitation (P) actually supplemented to the root system layer of the crop by methods such as SCS model Is effective ). The land area which can satisfy the water consumption of main crops for effective rainfall is a land area (M) suitable for rain culture Land suitable for rain cultivation ). Rain farming area (M) Rain-water culture ) Equal to the sum of the areas of the land blocks suitable for rain culture in the area.
M Rain-proofIs suitable for tillage ∈(M Cultivation of land |P Is effective ≥H Consuming water )
M Rain-water culture ＝∑M Cultivation suitable for rain culture
And comprehensively judging the maximum bearing scale of agricultural production based on water resource constraint on the basis of calculating the bearable irrigation area and the rain-farming agricultural area.
Evaluation of agricultural production protected area:
(1) and (3) evaluating high and stable yield:
in the aspect of high and stable yield evaluation of grain and important agricultural product production areas, patches for planting grain crops and non-grain crops in current cultivated land patches are respectively taken as evaluation objects, dry land, paddy field and irrigated land for planting the grain crops and the non-grain crops are selected, corn and important agricultural products are planted according to the patches of the dry land, and paddy rice is planted in the patches of the paddy field and the irrigated land for evaluation and analysis. The method adopts a variation coefficient method to identify a grain production functional area with high and stable yield by using the average value of the acre yield of continuous grain crops and important agricultural products on the streets of villages and towns in the whole city and the variation coefficient as evaluation indexes and combining the factors of the fluctuation condition of the planting area and the like according to the regulation of high-standard farmland construction standards of the Ministry of agriculture on the comprehensive production capacity of the high-standard farmland. The coefficient of variation method formula is shown below:
in the formula: cv i Representing the grain acre yield variation coefficient of the village j; sigma v Showing the grain acre yield standard deviation of v years of villages and towns where villages j are located; mu.s v And (4) representing the average value of the grain acre yield of v years in the village j in the towns.
The evaluation result of the coordinate graph quadrant method can intuitively reflect the overall high-yield and stable-yield conditions of an evaluation object, can comprehensively reflect the high-yield and stable-yield level, and has good applicability and scientificity for evaluating high-yield and stable-yield cultivated land, so that the yield per mu of grain crops and important agricultural products is used as a high-yield evaluation index, and the coefficient of variation is used as a stable-yield evaluation index. And comprehensively reflecting the overall high and stable yield level based on a coordinate graph quadrant method, and extracting high and stable yield cultivated land patches falling in a II-th quadrant. The method for evaluating the high and stable yield of the grain crops and the important agricultural products comprises the following steps: calculating the acre yield and the variation coefficient of grain crops and important agricultural products on streets of villages and towns, and endowing each cultivated land with a numerical value according to the region of the villages and towns through spatial connection; secondly, drawing a normal distribution graph of grain acre yield of each cultivated land to obtain an expected value mu; and thirdly, drawing a scatter diagram by taking the variation coefficient as an abscissa and the yield per mu as an ordinate, and dividing the scatter diagram into four quadrants by taking the expected value mu of the yield per mu and the average value of the variation coefficient as an origin of coordinates. The cultivated land falling on the second quadrant is high-yield and stable-yield cultivated land (the cultivated land falling on the first quadrant is high-yield and unstable-yield cultivated land, the cultivated land falling on the third quadrant is low-yield and stable-yield cultivated land, and the cultivated land falling on the fourth quadrant is low-yield and unstable-yield cultivated land).
The regional characteristic dominant agricultural product centralized production area has the agricultural production characteristics of high and stable yield, and the high and stable yield is beneficial to the exertion of the scale effect of the regional characteristic dominant agricultural product centralized production area so as to ensure the sustainability of the comparative advantages of the characteristic agricultural products. An evaluation model used for evaluating the regional characteristic dominant agricultural product centralized production area is a high stability coefficient model. The high stability coefficient can comprehensively and accurately reflect the high and stable yield of the variety by comparing with a reference variety, and the original formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and S i Respectively the average yield and standard deviation of the evaluated varieties,
mean yield for control varieties. The smaller the high stability coefficient value is, the better the high and stable yield of the variety is.
The high stability coefficient is applied to evaluating whether the high and stable yield of a certain characteristic and dominant agricultural product is high and stable in every country or administrative village in the production area range, and considering the availability of data and easy comparability, the high and stable yield of the regional characteristic and dominant agricultural product is calculated according to the types of main agricultural products in the local statistical yearbook and the precision of the local town division, and is compared with the high and stable yield of the same type of agricultural products in the same area (east, middle, west or northeast) in the Chinese rural statistical yearbook. For example, the high and stable yield of a rural or administrative area within the production range of a particular dominant melon and fruit crop in the research area is compared with the high and stable yield of melon and fruit crops in the middle of the country. The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), HSC ij : high stability factor, HSC, of i-th block of j-class agricultural products ij : the ith production agricultural land of j-type agricultural products I High stability factor of individual countryside or administrative village,
and S ij Respectively representing the single yield and standard deviation of the ith county or administrative village of the j-type agricultural products in the production area range,
the single yield of the j-type agricultural products in the economic area.
Scale operation evaluation:
in the aspect of evaluating the scale operation degree of the grain and important agricultural product production areas, the grain production functional areas for scale operation are identified by taking the land circulation proportion of each town street of the whole city, the number of novel agricultural operation main bodies, the occupation ratio of the first industry practitioner in the labor age and the income gap ratio of producers and towns residents as evaluation indexes.
The scale management evaluation is divided into different agricultural product varieties, agricultural scale management is related to factors such as local agricultural productivity and management environment, and the appropriate scale management level is comprehensively reflected on the basis of multiple angles from the aspects of realizing ways and performance targets. The model is as follows:
S ij : village j crop i scale operation level, w' j : village j agricultural flow conversion ratio standard value, x' j : village j novel agricultural operation subject quantity standard value, y' i : standard value z 'of number of first industry workers in village j labor age' ij : the income difference between the producers of agricultural products i in village j and the urban residents.
The income scale is a proper scale determined by taking the income equal to that of urban residents (or farmers) obtained by large-scale operation farmers as a target under the conditions of the existing agricultural productivity level and the existing farmer operation level, namely the annual income of grain planting of the farmers is not lower than the opportunity cost of the farmers, and the proper scale level can ensure the maximization of the grain production employment of the grain planting farmers. The basic theoretical model is as follows:
in the formula, the agricultural income proportion coefficient is constant, and the value is 0.75 according to the existing research experience, namely the agricultural income of the scale operation farmers accounts for 75% of the total income. The basic theoretical model is improved taking into account the significant annual variation in income level and net yield of agricultural products in practical situations:
the formula can be substituted into the income of urban residents in different regions, the quantity of labor force of farmers and families and the unit cost and income data of different agricultural products, and the moderate-scale operation standards of the characteristic and dominant agricultural products in different regions are determined according to local conditions and similar conditions on the basis of a certain development stage. The data come from the national agricultural product cost and income data compilation and the local agricultural rural statistical yearbook.
The scale operation factor evaluation takes a moderate scale target value as a reference, reflects the moderate scale operation level through the ratio of the current situation to the target, and calculates the formula:
in the formula, S ij : moderate scale operation level of i-th block production of j-type agricultural products, S Ij : the moderate scale management level of the I country or administrative village where the ith agricultural product of the j category is located, and other parameters are parameter values under the conditions of the j agricultural products and the I country or administrative village.
Collective and continuous evaluation:
in the aspect of the concentrated piece degree evaluation of the grain production area, the grain production functional area of the concentrated piece in the plain area and the mountain and hilly area of the research area is identified according to the scale regulation of the high-standard farmland piece and piece in the northeast area by the Ministry of agriculture, namely the high-standard farmland construction standard.
The centralized connection piece is an important premise for realizing agricultural modern production and improving the production efficiency of special agricultural products. According to the summary of the method for centralized film-linking, the farmland film-linking network method based on landscape ecology applies undirected network theory to farmland film-linking evaluation, and by referring to the comprehensive connectivity index (IIC), single pattern spot film-linking can be calculated through a farmland local film-linking formula. The method improves the quantification and refinement degree, and can be used for continuous classification of cultivated land in a research area. The Yangjian Yu et al firstly applies landscape ecology network analysis to farmland continuity evaluation, and calculates local farmland continuity by referring to landscape comprehensive connectivity index (IIC). The method has the advantages of quantification and refinement, and can be used for dividing the continuity level of any pattern spot in the research area. The invention is based on a piece-connecting network method, tries to construct a plurality of piece-connecting networks for different regional characteristic dominant agricultural products and analyzes the piece-connecting degree of agricultural land for producing different agricultural products.
Setting a distance threshold value D:
the distance threshold value D is an important parameter for constructing the connected slice network, a region where buffer areas are intersected is generated by taking D/2 as a radius, namely the concentrated connected slice, and the larger the distance threshold value D is, the whole area is viewedThe larger the extent of the area that is "concentrated slices". In the prior art, the buffer radius (D/2) is set to be 20m, 32m, 50m, and so on. In practice, D can be set according to natural conditions and agricultural production characteristics of various regions, the distance of continuous cultivated land in plain regions is generally less than 20m, and the distance of continuous orchards in mountain regions is generally more than 50 m. The optimal threshold d under different geographical partitions, terrain conditions and agricultural production modes in the country can be determined through a' threshold-one-piece multi-factor graph 0 The method determines the turning point (D) of the integral continuity changing along with the D change by simulating the landscape pattern index change curve under different distance thresholds 0 ) And the authenticity of evaluation caused by blind expansion of the distance threshold is prevented.
Secondly, constructing a continuous network of the agricultural land:
and constructing a plurality of connected networks for agricultural land patches for producing agricultural products with different regional characteristics and advantages. And D/2 is taken as the radius to generate a buffer area, the connection line of the intersected plots of the buffer areas is taken as an edge, and the geometric center of the plot is taken as a node to construct a connected network.
Constructing a minimum link matrix:
and searching and measuring minimum cost paths from a plurality of starting points to a plurality of destinations in the connected network by using the OD cost matrix analyzed by the ArcGIS network. Each edge is given a weight of 1, and the shortest path between nodes is represented by the number of edges. And constructing a network data set, establishing an OD cost matrix, setting the impedance as the weight of the edge by taking the node as a starting point and a destination point, and solving to obtain the shortest path between the nodes. Thus, a minimum link matrix L is constructed, the expression of which is:
in the formula I ik : shortest path between ith node and kth node; and n is the number of geometric center nodes of the patches in the agricultural land. When i is k, l ik 0; when nodes are not connected,/ ik The value is assigned to ∞.
Fourthly, calculating the local fragment connection degree of the land mass:
the local connectivity is jointly determined by the area of the ith agricultural land, the k-th agricultural land adjacent to the ith agricultural land and the shortest path between the ith agricultural land and the k-th agricultural land, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula I ij : local connection degree of the ith production agricultural land of j-type agricultural products; m: the number of the plots communicated with the ith plot; a is a i : area of the ith plot; a is a k : the area of the kth plot connected to the ith plot; l ik : shortest path between ith node and kth node; m: the maximum number of links specified by the study area. And grading the calculation results of the local continuity according to a natural discontinuity method to obtain the concentrated continuity spatial distribution of agricultural lands for producing agricultural products with different characteristics.
Reflecting the agricultural land continuity (I) of the administrative village j according to the proportion of the high continuous agricultural land to the same type of agricultural land j ). The calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation:
the invention carries out multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation on the basis of high and stable yield, scale operation and single attribute evaluation in a centralized and continuous manner. Comprehensive evaluation is a decision basis for sorting and optimizing evaluation objects, and common evaluation methods at home and abroad reach dozens of types, and can be roughly divided into a qualitative method tending to subjectivity and a quantitative method tending to objectivity. The TOPSIS method is a quantitative scientific evaluation method with the widest application range, and has the advantages of simple and convenient calculation, wide applicability, no strict limitation on data distribution, sample and index quantity and evaluation object types, full utilization of original data and the like. In the geographic research, the application fields of the TOPSIS method comprise economic development level evaluation, ecological safety pattern evaluation, farmland quality evaluation and the like. The basic principle is to calculate the evaluation object and the optimal solution and the worst in the standardization matrixAnd taking the relative proximity degree of the evaluation object and the optimal solution as the basis of comprehensive evaluation. And (4) integrating the evaluation results of single elements to demarcate a plot which produces a certain regional characteristic dominant agricultural product and integrates the characteristics of high and stable yield, scale operation and centralized connection. The multiple element comprehensive evaluation takes agricultural land patches as minimum units, and leads high yield and stable yield (HSC) ij ) Scale operation degree (S) ij ) And connectivity (I) ij ) The single element evaluation result is input into a TOPSIS model after being standardized, and the relative cut degree (T) of the ith evaluation unit of j-class agricultural products to the ideal unit is calculated ij ). The specific steps are as follows.
Constructing a standardization and weighting evaluation matrix:
adopting a normalization method to carry out dimensionless treatment on the single-element index, and HSC ij For smaller and better cost-type indexes, the treatment mode is as follows:
S ij and I i The larger the benefit index is, the better the benefit index is, the treatment mode is as follows:
in the formula, X ij : original value, X 'of ith production agricultural unit element X of j types of agricultural products' ij : standard value, max (X) of unit element X of ith production agricultural land of j-type agricultural product ij ): maximum value, min (X) of ith production unit element X of j-type agricultural products ij ): the minimum value of the ith production unit element X of the j-type agricultural product.
In the formula, R j : a standardized evaluation matrix of j-type agricultural products,
the standard value of the kth evaluation element of the ith production unit of j-type agricultural products, n is the number of the evaluation units, and m is the number of the evaluation elements. Considering that high and stable yield, scale operation and concentrated continuous elements have equal importance, setting the weight of each element as 1 to obtain a weighted evaluation matrix W j 。
In the formula, W j : a weighted evaluation matrix of j-type agricultural products and a standardized matrix R j The same;
and weighting the kth evaluation element of the ith production unit of the j-type agricultural products.
Calculating the distance between the evaluation unit and the optimal (inferior) solution:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the distance between the ith agricultural land of the j-type agricultural product and the optimal solution;
the distance between the ith agricultural land of the j-type agricultural product and the worst solution;
the k-th element weighting standard value of the j-type agricultural product is the maximum value;
and the k-th element weighted standard value of the j-type agricultural products is the minimum value.
Calculating the relative fit degree of the evaluation unit to the ideal unit:
and (4) integrating the single-element evaluation results of the production areas of the main characteristic advantageous agricultural products and comprehensively defining the characteristic agricultural product advantageous areas. And (3) standardizing the high-yield stability, scale operation and centralized continuity element evaluation results of the main planting type special advantageous agricultural product production area, inputting the standardized results into a TOPSIS model, and calculating the relative cut degree (Tij) of the jth evaluation unit of the agricultural product i to the ideal unit. The TOPSIS evaluation method has the advantages of simple and convenient calculation, wide applicability, no strict limitation on data distribution, sample and index quantity and evaluation object types, full utilization of original data and the like. The basic model is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
to evaluate the distance of the cell to the worst solution,
the distance from the evaluation unit to the optimal solution; t is ij : the relative fit degree of the ith evaluation unit of j-class agricultural products to the ideal unit is (0,1), and the value range of T ij The larger the evaluation unit, the closer the evaluation unit is to the ideal solution, namely the higher the comprehensive production capacity of the high and stable yield, the scale operation and the centralized connection of the evaluation unit. Will T ij And grading according to a natural break point method, and drawing the comprehensive evaluation space distribution of multiple elements of the patches of the agricultural land of the j-type agricultural products.
Permanent rural area planning:
the permanent rural area is an area which takes villages as regional units, relies on the national permanent basic farmland protection area, permanently retains the landscape and the appearance of the rural areas in the future, permanently engages in agricultural production and takes agriculture and rural modern construction as main contents. The defined permanent rural areas mainly comprise agricultural development areas, particularly important agricultural product production areas, agricultural ecological land with landscape characteristics, rural traditional landscapes and other related industries which are well reserved, economic industries, agricultural sightseeing, tourism and the like; the material space takes village space form and agricultural land landscape as main space characteristics; the social development keeps the traditional country culture. The method aims to strictly protect agricultural development resources and stably develop agriculture and grain production by the division of permanent rural areas; simultaneously, the method is connected with the urban growth boundary and the ecological protection red line to control the urban construction range; protects the ecological environment and inherits the country characteristics.
On a time scale, the range of the permanent rural area is defined to have permanence and stability, which is the key that the permanent rural area is different from the common rural area; on the development thinking, the permanent rural areas take the protection of agricultural production resources and the protection of village materials and culture space as main guides and are not occupied by built urban areas; in functional characteristics, the characteristics of the permanent rural areas are permanently kept in the aspects of industry, space, society, landscape and the like. The planning of permanent rural areas involves the spatial division and superposition of multiple physical elements.
The method comprises the following steps of:
the agricultural production protection area consists of three parts. First, a permanent basic farmland protection area; secondly, the method accords with a main grain crop production area and an important agricultural product production protection area which have stable and high yield, centralized and continuous operation and large-scale operation; thirdly, the evaluation proves that the production area of the special and advantageous agricultural products has stable and high yield, centralized connection and scale operation.
Dividing a village protection area:
the village protection area is a spatial set of the following four types of villages, and takes an administrative village or a village as a basic unit: the country is beautiful and lijutting village; the per capita investment scale exceeds the per capita scale of local agricultural, forestry, water and financial investors, and the local rural voyage demonstration village mainly comprises public service, social governance and talent culture in the investment direction; traditional villages at country level and provincial level; the national level and the provincial level are used for compiling the famous village through historical culture.
③ major rural infrastructure protection area:
the invention provides a method for dividing a protection zone of major rural infrastructure based on concept analysis and definition of the major rural infrastructure.
And generating a fusion buffer zone containing a reservoir pattern spot for the large reservoir by taking 500m as a radius, and meeting the requirement of an administrative village space set which is intersected with the buffer zone of the large farmland water conservancy facility and has one of the conditions of a large agricultural production and processing facility or a large rural storage and logistics facility, namely forming a major rural infrastructure protection zone.
Fourthly, comprehensively defining multiple elements:
the permanent rural areas are comprehensively defined by performing spatial superposition on each element divided according to a certain principle. The functions and the importance of three types of sub-elements of an agricultural production protection area, a major rural infrastructure protection area and a village protection area are different: the agricultural production protection area is based on agricultural production elements, occupies a certain proportion in a village unit and determines the agricultural production function level of the village; the major rural infrastructure protection area is a supportive and prospective element, and is mainly provided with a regional service function; the village protection area takes a village or an administrative village as a basic unit and is an important space unit defined in a permanent rural area. And identifying the element combination characteristics of each evaluation unit through multi-element space superposition to construct a system for defining and classifying permanent rural areas and lay a foundation for defining the permanent rural areas.
And determining the village agricultural production function level and the village area service function level of the research area according to the agricultural production protection area and the major rural infrastructure protection area obtained by evaluation, superposing the evaluation results, integrating the attributes of the multilayer elements, analyzing and calculating the spatial relationship and the attribute relationship, and carrying out spatial superposition according to a certain principle to demarcate a permanent rural area.
Firstly, evaluating the agricultural production functional level of the administrative village in the aspect of the agricultural production functional level of the village. And assigning values according to the proportion of the area of the agricultural production protection area to the total area of the administrative village, and dividing the areas into a strong grade, a medium grade and a weak grade to represent the agricultural production function level. The calculation formula is as follows:
P j ＝l i /L i
in the formula, P j : functional level of agricultural production, l, for village j i : village j agricultural production protected area, L i : village area of village j.
And secondly, evaluating the service function level of the administrative village region in the aspect of the service function level of the village region. And comprehensively assigning values according to the proportion of the large reservoir and the buffer area thereof to the administrative village area, and the quantity of large agricultural production and processing facilities and large storage logistics facilities, and dividing the values into a strong grade, a medium grade and a weak grade.
Specifically, the service function level of each evaluation unit is calculated based on the rural infrastructure spatial location. Construct (X) for village j j ，Y j ，Z j ) Service function evaluation array, wherein X j The assignment is the area proportion of the village j large reservoir and the buffer area thereof to the village region, and the Y and Z assignments are the number of village j large agricultural production and processing facilities and large warehouse logistics facilities. The data is normalized by a normalization method to eliminate errors caused by different element units and different dimensions, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, C i Is a benefit type index, C' i : index normalized value, max (C) i ): maximum index, min (C) i ): the minimum value of the index.
The village regional service function level calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (LN) j : village j's regional service function level; x' j 、Y′ j 、Z′ j : and a standard value of the service function evaluation index of village j.
The comprehensive planning of permanent rural areas is carried out in the ranges of agricultural production protection areas, village protection areas and major rural infrastructure protection areas, the administrative villages are taken as planning units, and the comprehensive planning is carried out according to single-element superposition analysis and multi-element decision matrixes.
According to natural break point method, the agricultural production function level (P) of village protection area unit is adjusted j ) And regional service function Level (LN) j ) Each is classified into strong, medium, and weak, and constitutes a two-dimensional combination matrix of "3 x 3" (table 9). And selecting an administrative village unit with a stronger agricultural production function and taking a regional service function as a main function and an agricultural production function as an auxiliary function to be divided into permanent rural areas. Villages with strong agricultural production function level bear the production function of grain safety and regional characteristic superior agricultural products, have the characteristics of high and stable yield, large-scale operation and centralized continuous production, and are a demonstration area for preferentially realizing agricultural modernization and developing characteristic agricultural economy in the future; villages with high regional service function level are centers for regional irrigation, warehouse logistics or agricultural production and processing, and have relatively weak agricultural production function to a certain extent.
And (4) defining the permanent rural areas according to a multi-factor decision matrix table (table 9) of the permanent rural areas. The method mainly comprises the following steps: villages with strong agricultural production function, villages with medium agricultural production function and strong regional service function, or villages belonging to village protection areas, villages with weak agricultural production function and strong regional service function, and villages belonging to village protection areas.
And respectively demarcating permanent rural areas of the research area according to the method, correcting the boundaries of the permanent rural areas, removing the extremely important areas for ecological protection, and obtaining the demarcated range of the checked permanent rural areas.
TABLE 9 permanent rural area multi-factor decision matrix
And step S3, in the territorial space outside the extremely important area and the permanent rural area based on ecological protection, defining a town growth boundary range according to the construction elements of the town economic influence area and the town construction restrictive elements, dividing grids with preset areas in the town growth boundary range, calculating evaluation indexes of the suitability of the town construction project and the land utilization economic efficiency, constructing a town space evaluation method according to the evaluation indexes of the suitability of the town construction project and the land utilization economic efficiency, and defining a side weight construction area and a side weight protection area according to the town space evaluation method.
The town space evaluation technical method mainly comprises the following aspects: (1) the method comprises the steps of measuring and calculating the urban construction scale based on the restriction of water resources and land resources, and measuring and calculating the reasonable bearing scale of the urban construction based on the short plate principle; (2) according to the reasonable bearing scale of urban construction, urban economic influence area construction elements and restrictive construction elements are combined, and urban growth boundaries are comprehensively defined based on the situation of a drawing pin method and urban expansion. (3) And evaluating the suitability of the urban engineering construction and the land utilization economic efficiency based on a principal component analysis method. (4) On the basis of the evaluation results, the expansion of the urban construction land is simulated based on the cellular automata model, so that the urban development direction and the selection for preferentially developing construction are proposed, and a basis is provided for the national soil space planning. The town space evaluation technical method framework is shown in figure 5.
Further, the bearing scale of town construction:
there are two types of input parameters evaluated: one is the urban water demand level according to a given standard; the other is the available water resource quantity in cities and towns, and the parameter depends on the following determinants or key indexes: the mining rate of underground water resources, the mining quantity of surface water resources, the leakage rate of a water delivery pipe network, the leakage rate of a water distribution network, the sewage reuse rate and the water utilization structure.
The calculation formula is shown as follows, and the calculation results are respectively used as the water resource quantity constraint indexes for measuring and calculating the population scale of the bearable town.
W Town and town ＝W General assembly ×k Life + industry
In the formula, W Town and town Representing the available water volume in town, k Life + industry Represents the proportion of domestic and industrial water, W General (1) Representing a regional water total indicator.
The scale of the population of the bearable town is obtained by dividing the available water quantity of the regional town by the average water demand of the towns, and is specifically shown as the formula:
W size of population ＝W General (1) ×k Life + industry /(W Water for everyone +W Water for industrial use )
In the formula, W Population of human Representative of the size of the population that the water resource can bear, W Town and town Representing the available water volume in town, k Life + industry Representing the proportion of domestic and industrial water, W Water for everyone Represents the standard index of water consumption for human life, W Water for industrial use Representing the index of the water consumption of the industry by all people.
And (3) dividing a town growth boundary:
and according to the evaluation result of the bearing scale of the urban (town) construction, considering the ratio of the built areas, the ecology and the agriculture spaces of the urban (town), and comprehensively determining the overall control scale of the urban (town) growth boundary. Meanwhile, according to the bearing scale of city (town) construction in different periods, the guide and limiting effect of various city (town) economic influence area construction elements on city expansion, such as the influence of basic facilities such as traffic corridors on the city development direction, and the constraint of main limiting elements such as mountain bodies, geological disaster areas and other limiting construction elements on city development are comprehensively considered, and based on a 'drawing pin method', the elements are positioned on a homeland space, and the city (town) growth boundary is comprehensively determined by combining three-tone pattern spots and the administrative village boundary.
Evaluation of suitability of the urban construction land:
the section carries out the evaluation of the suitability of the urban construction land within the range of the defined growth boundary, wherein the evaluation specifically comprises the division of evaluation units, the construction of an evaluation index system, the suitability of urban construction engineering and the evaluation of the economic efficiency of land utilization, and the evaluation provides a basis for selecting a development direction and optimizing the layout of the urban construction land in the national soil space planning stage, and simultaneously provides a basis for establishing a city district spatial structure with good ecological environment and large strain elasticity and stopping the circle land behavior of the peripheral out-of-control of the old city.
And carrying out principal component analysis on the evaluation unit assignment indexes. And extracting the principal components according to the condition that the cumulative percentage of the sum of the principal component characteristic values in the total variance is not less than 85 percent, and extracting 16 principal components in total.
On the basis, a main factor score function is established according to the main factor load matrix, and main factor scores Z1, Z2, Z3 … Z16 of the evaluation units are respectively calculated:
Z i ＝∑F ij *zX i (wherein, i is 1,2,3 … 16; j is 1,2,3 … 25)
And calculating each subentry factor according to the variance contribution rate to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result of the urban construction suitability. According to the result of analyzing the comprehensive score of the principal components, the overall suitability degree of the town construction of each evaluation unit is divided into 12 grades according to a natural discontinuity method, the higher the grade is, the more suitable the evaluation unit is as a land for the town construction, wherein the first six grades are red areas, and the later six grades are green areas.
Based on the result of the evaluation of the urban construction suitability of the central urban area, three schemes of land use with different newly-increased scales are simulated, namely, the simulation of a relevant scene is carried out on the assumption that the expansion areas of the urban area are 10 square kilometers, 30 square kilometers and 50 square kilometers respectively in the future.
And step S4, realizing classification of the territorial space planning based on the defined ecological protection important area, the permanent rural area, the side weight construction area and the side weight protection area.
The method provides a basis for optimizing the scientific configuration of the national space development protection overall pattern and space elements.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
Claims (9)
1. A classification gradual double-evaluation method for city and county territory space planning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing an ecological space evaluation method by combining ecological protection importance evaluation indexes and geographic data of a natural protected area, and comprehensively defining an ecological protection important area according to the ecological space evaluation method;
s2, constructing an agricultural space evaluation method according to a plurality of agricultural space evaluation indexes based on the defined extremely important ecological protection area, and comprehensively defining a permanent rural area based on the agricultural space evaluation method;
s3, defining a town growth boundary range according to construction elements of a town economic influence area and construction limiting elements of a town in a homeland space outside the extremely important area for ecological protection and the permanent rural area, dividing a grid with a preset area in the town growth boundary range, calculating evaluation indexes of the suitability of the town construction project and the economic efficiency of land utilization, constructing a town space evaluation method according to the evaluation indexes of the suitability of the town construction project and the economic efficiency of land utilization, and defining a side weight construction area and a side weight protection area according to the town space evaluation method;
and S4, classifying the territorial space planning based on the defined critical ecological protection area, the permanent rural area, the side weight construction area and the side weight protection area.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the constructing the ecological space assessment method comprises: calculating indexes of ecological system service function evaluation, ecological vulnerability evaluation and ecological network evaluation; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the index calculation for evaluating the service function of the ecosystem comprises the index calculation for evaluating the importance of a biodiversity maintenance function, the importance of a water conservation function, the importance of water and soil conservation and the importance of wind prevention and sand fixation; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the calculation of the ecological vulnerability evaluation index comprises the calculation of the evaluation index of the water loss vulnerability, the soil erosion vulnerability, the rock desertification vulnerability and the desertification vulnerability;
the evaluation index calculation of the ecological network comprises the steps of adopting a plaque-corridor-matrix mode and an ecological network theory in landscape ecology, identifying an ecological source area through a potential ecological corridor for quantitatively analyzing, simulating and expressing and enhancing network functions, constructing an ecological network of an important living being habitat corridor building area, carrying out protection evaluation on urban ecological safety patterns, and comprehensively defining an extremely important ecological protection area by combining ecological protection importance evaluation indexes and geographic data of a natural protection area.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the evaluation index calculation is performed on the importance of the biodiversity maintenance function by taking the NPP as a parameter, and the calculation formula is as follows:
BC＝[NPPmean]×Fpre×Ftemp×(1-Falt)
wherein [ NPPmean ] is the net primary productivity of the vegetation and is the average value of the preset years, Fpre, Ftemp and Falt are the annual average rainfall, annual average air temperature and altitude factors of the preset years respectively, the rainfall and air temperature factors are standardized according to an extreme value method respectively, elevation data are standardized according to a maximum and minimum method, and the threshold value after the standardization of each factor is (0, 1);
index calculation is carried out on the importance of the water source conservation function, and the calculation formula is as follows:
WR＝NPPmean×Fsic×Fpre×(1-Fslp)
wherein WR is the water source conservation service capability index, NPP, of the ecosystem mean Average net primary productivity for years of vegetation, F sic Is a soil seepage factor, F pre Is a perennial average precipitation factor, F slp Is a gradient factor;
and performing index calculation on the importance of the water and soil conservation function, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
[WCF]＝[NPPmean]×(1-K)×(1-Fslp)
wherein, [ NPP ] mean ]Average annual primary productivity for vegetation, K, F slp Respectively a soil erodability factor and a gradient factor, wherein the gradient is standardized according to an extreme method, and the standardized threshold value is (0, 1);
and measuring and calculating the wind prevention and sand fixation importance, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
[WPSF]＝[NPPmean]×K×Fq×D
fq and D are the average weather erosion force for years and the surface roughness factor respectively.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the evaluation of the ecological vulnerability is performed by a comprehensive index evaluation method comprising:
selecting a construction index factor influencing ecological vulnerability according to a formation mechanism of an ecological environment problem;
collecting relevant index data based on the key index factor;
establishing various ecological factor databases according to the related index data;
performing single-factor ecological vulnerability evaluation according to the database, and combining with geographic information system software to obtain a single-factor distribution map of each influence factor;
evaluating specific ecological environment problems, and obtaining vulnerability distribution maps of the ecological environment problems by adopting a geographic information system spatial analysis method based on the single factor distribution maps integrating the influence factors;
and comprehensively analyzing the vulnerability distribution map through the geographic information system software to determine the distribution characteristics of the vulnerability of the regional ecological environment.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the evaluation index calculation is performed on the water and soil loss vulnerability by using the spatial superposition analysis function of the geographic information system software, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein R is a rainfall erosion force factor, K is a soil erodibility factor, LS is a topographic relief factor, and C is a vegetation coverage factor;
and calculating evaluation indexes of the desertification vulnerability, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein I, W, K, C are dryness index, days of wind and sand in winter and spring greater than 6m/s, soil texture and vegetation coverage factor;
and (3) calculating evaluation indexes of the stony desertification fragility, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein D is the exposed area proportion of carbonate, P is the terrain gradient, and C is vegetation cover.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the constructing an agricultural spatial assessment method comprises:
calculating the maximum bearing scale of agricultural production based on the water resource and land resource constraints, and determining the reasonable bearing scale of agricultural production according to the short plate principle;
in the areas outside the extremely important area of ecological protection, calculating various agricultural production suitability evaluation indexes and dividing agricultural production suitability grades;
based on the agricultural production suitability grade, dividing and evaluating a grain crop function area, an important agricultural product production protection area and a regional characteristic agricultural product production protection area according to three principles of high and stable yield, scale operation and centralized connection, and dividing an agricultural production function area by combining a permanent basic farmland protection area;
and calculating four agricultural space evaluation indexes to construct a permanent rural area index evaluation system based on the multiple agricultural production suitability evaluation indexes and the four agricultural space evaluation indexes of the agricultural production protected area evaluation indexes, the village protected area evaluation indexes and the major agricultural infrastructure protected area evaluation indexes.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein calculating the agricultural production protection area evaluation index comprises: calculating high and stable yield evaluation, scale operation evaluation, centralized continuous evaluation and multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation indexes; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the calculation of the high and stable yield evaluation indexes comprises the following steps: calculating the acre yield and the coefficient of variation of grain crops and important agricultural products on the streets of the villages and the towns, and endowing each cultivated land with a numerical value according to the district of the villages and the towns to which the cultivated land belongs through spatial connection;
drawing a grain acre yield normal distribution diagram of each cultivated land to obtain an expected value mu;
drawing a scatter diagram by taking the coefficient of variation as a horizontal coordinate and the yield per mu as a vertical coordinate, dividing the scatter diagram into four quadrants by taking the expected value mu of the yield per mu and the average value of the coefficient of variation as a coordinate origin, and determining the size of the yield according to the distribution positions of the scatter diagram in the four quadrants
The calculation of the scale operation evaluation index comprises the steps of reflecting the moderate scale operation level through the ratio of the current situation to the target, and calculating the formula:
in the formula, S ij : moderate scale operation level of i-th block production of j-type agricultural products, S lj : the moderate scale management level of the ith village or administrative village where the ith block of j-type agricultural products is located, and other parameters are parameter values under the conditions of the j-type agricultural products and the ith village or administrative village;
the calculation centralized joint evaluation index comprises the following steps: setting a distance threshold, constructing an agricultural land continuous film network and a minimum link matrix, and calculating local continuous film degree of a land parcel;
the calculating the multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation index comprises the following steps: calculating based on the calculated high and stable yield evaluation index, the calculated scale operation evaluation index and the calculated centralized continuous evaluation index, comprising the following steps: and constructing a standardized and weighted evaluation matrix, calculating the distance between an evaluation unit and the optimal worst solution, and calculating the relative fit degree of the evaluation unit to the ideal unit.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the building town space evaluation method comprises:
the method comprises the steps of measuring and calculating the urban construction scale based on the restriction of water resources and land resources, and measuring and calculating the reasonable bearing scale of the urban construction based on the short plate principle;
according to the reasonable bearing scale of the town construction, combining construction elements and restrictive construction elements of the town economic influence area, and defining a city growth boundary based on a thumbtack method and a town expansion ratio;
calculating evaluation indexes of the suitability of the town construction project and the economic efficiency of land utilization based on a principal component analysis method in combination with the city growth boundary;
and simulating the expansion ratio of the urban construction land based on the evaluation indexes of the urban construction engineering suitability and the economic efficiency of land utilization based on a cellular automata model to construct an urban space evaluation method.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the estimating of the urban construction scale based on water and land resource constraints and the estimating of the reasonable urban construction bearing scale based on the short-slab principle comprises:
respectively calculating the calculation results of the water supply amount of each scene, and respectively using the calculation results as the water resource amount constraint indexes for calculating the population scale of the bearable town, wherein the calculation formula of the calculation results is as follows:
W town and town ＝W General assembly ×k Life + industry
Wherein, W Town and town Representing the available water volume in town, k Life + industry Representing the proportion of domestic and industrial water, W General assembly Representing a regional water total amount index;
the scale of the population of the bearable town is obtained according to the available water quantity of the regional town divided by the average water demand of the towns, and the following formula is adopted:
W population size ＝W General assembly ×k Life + industry /(W Water for everyone +W Water for industrial use )
Wherein, W Population of human Representative water resource can bear peopleMouth size, W Town and town Representing the available water volume in town, k Life + industry Representing the proportion of domestic and industrial water, W Water for everyone Represents the standard index of water consumption of the average people living, W Water for industrial use Representing the index of the water consumption of the industry by all people.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115271557A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-11-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for dividing priority protection space |
| CN115293664A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-11-04 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | GIS-based method for evaluating production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry |
| CN116681332A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-09-01 | 重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院 | Working method for implementing paddy field reclamation based on altitude data |
| CN116681332B (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2024-05-31 | 重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院 | Working method for implementing paddy field reclamation based on altitude data |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115271557A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-11-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for dividing priority protection space |
| CN115293664A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-11-04 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | GIS-based method for evaluating production suitability of arid oasis county-level agriculture and animal husbandry |
| CN115293664B (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-12-02 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | GIS-based detailed evaluation method for production suitability of agriculture and animal husbandry at county level of oasis |
| CN116681332A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-09-01 | 重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院 | Working method for implementing paddy field reclamation based on altitude data |
| CN116681332B (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2024-05-31 | 重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院 | Working method for implementing paddy field reclamation based on altitude data |
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