CN115290645A - Device and method for simulating influence of side wall on fire burning behavior of storage tank oil pool - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating influence of side wall on fire burning behavior of storage tank oil pool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating the influence of a side wall on the fire burning behavior of a storage tank oil pool, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the device comprises a combustor, a side wall simulation device, a gas supply device, a tracer particle device and a monitoring device. The upper end of the burner is open, and combustible gas is introduced for ignition to provide a fire source; the side wall simulation device comprises a transparent cylinder and a lifting platform; the gas supply device controls the combustion intensity of the fire source by adjusting the gas flow; the tracer particle device is used for simulating the condition of the internal flow field of the cylinder in the combustion process; the monitoring device is used for obtaining combustion key parameters inside and outside the cylinder. During the device operation, the drum cover is outside at the combustor, through elevating platform adjustment position, and then the distance of control combustor to drum export, the condition of different effective lateral wall heights of simulation, and monitoring devices real-time recording inside and outside flame characteristic parameter, inside flow field information and the radiation distribution condition of drum simultaneously, and then deepen the understanding to the inside burning condition of storage tank, provide the reference for the fire-extinguishing strategy research of storage tank conflagration.
Description
Technical Field
The technical field of storage tank fire simulation tests, in particular to a device and a method for simulating the influence of a side wall on the fire burning behavior of a storage tank oil pool.
Background
With the rapid development of global economy, the demand of liquid oil products is increasing day by day, accounting for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the world. In order to store liquid oil products, a large number of large liquid storage tanks are built in various places. In the oil product storage, because the volume of the stored liquid is different, the liquid level height is different, and further the distance between the surface of the oil product and the opening of the storage tank is different (hereinafter referred to as the effective side wall height), namely, side walls with different effective heights are formed. In recent years, tank fire accidents have frequently occurred due to personnel misoperations, equipment failures, and the like. And for a low liquid level storage tank, combustible liquid steam is easy to accumulate above the oil level, the fire risk is higher, and the fire accident is easier to happen.
For storage tank oil storage, on the one hand, initial oil storage volume can lead to different effective side wall heights, and on the other hand, in case after the fire disaster, the oil is constantly consumed, and the liquid level height also can descend thereupon, also leads to effective side wall height to increase gradually. Changes in the effective sidewall height can alter the air entrainment process, changing the flame profile during combustion. For example, the flame can enter the interior of the tank to burn during the combustion process, which can increase the convective heat transfer between the flame and the tank, accelerate the collapse of the tank, and cause catastrophic accident consequences. For example: in 2015, 4 months and 6 days, the fire accident of the storage tank occurs in Fujian Zhangzhou. The height of the effective side wall of the accident storage tank is about 11m, and after the fire accident happens, flame enters the storage tank, so that the side wall of the storage tank collapses, oil leakage is caused, flowing fire is formed, and the storage tank around the storage tank is ignited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simulation device for simulating the combustion behavior of a tank fire under different effective side wall heights, particularly simulating the internal combustion conditions of the tank, including information such as flame shapes and internal flow fields.
Tank fires are typical pool fires and have been studied by scholars for pool fire simulation devices. An authorized notice number CN105606485B provides an annular oil pool fire heat feedback measurement system based on a liquid level stable condition, and the device is based on a liquid level balancing device, adopts an annular oil pan and researches combustion key parameters of annular oil pool fire. Grant publication No. CN106872638B provides a pool fire size effect heat transfer mode measurement system based on a size continuously variable oil pool device, which is based on a liquid level balancing device, and controls the speed of oil tank feeding to a combustion oil pool through a flow valve, thereby controlling the height and area of the liquid level of the combustion oil pool. The device is based on a liquid level balancing device, provides a device for measuring an oil pool fire heat feedback mechanism, simulates combustion of the oil pool fire under different vacancy heights (namely the effective side wall height in the invention) by replacing different sleeves, and obtains flame heat flow feedback data of the oil pool fire in an oil pool module through a heat feedback measuring system.
As can be seen from the research and analysis of the prior art, the existing tank combustion simulation device has certain limitations in structure and function. On the one hand, to changing effective lateral wall height condition, the device is mostly based on liquid level balancing unit, adopts the mode of changing the sleeve to adjust, but this kind of method can't be implemented in the combustion process, and then can't realize in the combustion process to the control of effective lateral wall height, this and actual storage tank conflagration combustion process deviation are great. On the other hand, in the actual storage tank fire accident, partial flame can enter the storage tank for combustion, and the internal flame characteristics are used as key influence factors of combustion, so that the combustion rate of oil products is determined to a certain extent, and further the development of the fire accident is influenced. However, at present, the research on the flame characteristic information and the flow field characteristics inside the storage tank is still preliminary, and related simulation devices are few. In addition, the current storage tank analogue means often adopts the oil bath simulation, and its burning rate is restricted by experiment oil variety, and burning intensity can't accurate control. The existing literature indicates that for oil pool fire combustion, the combustion rate is significantly influenced by the height of the effective side wall, which causes the parameters of flame characteristics, external radiation and the like to change correspondingly, so that the influence of the height of the effective side wall on the parameters of flame characteristics, external radiation, flow fields and the like cannot be studied systematically. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device to specifically simulate the influence of the sidewall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, and to determine the influence of the effective sidewall height on the characteristic information, the internal flow field information and the radiation distribution condition of the flame (especially the flame inside the storage tank).
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire combustion behavior of the oil sump of the storage tank, the device can simulate the scene of the fire combustion process of the storage tank under the conditions of different effective side wall heights and represent required state information, particularly flame characteristic information and flow field information inside the storage tank in the combustion process, so that the understanding of people on the catastrophe law of the fire of the storage tank under different effective side wall heights is improved, and technical support is provided for the fire rescue of the storage tank.
The invention also aims to provide a method for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank comprises: the upper end of the burner is open, combustible gas can uniformly pass through the burner, the combustible gas is ignited and then is combusted in the air, and flame is formed on one side facing the opening when the combustible gas is combusted, so that the combustion of the oil pool of the storage tank is simulated; the side wall simulation device comprises a high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder and a lifting platform and is used for simulating the side walls of the storage tanks with different heights; the gas supply device can continuously supply the combustible gas for the burner and can adjust the gas supply rate; the tracer particle device can provide tracer particles and is used for simulating the condition of a flow field inside the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder in the combustion process; and the monitoring device is used for recording the characteristic parameters of the flame inside and outside the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder, the internal flow field information and the radiation distribution condition in real time.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, the burner is fixed on the support, the upper end opening is in contact with air, and the lower end pipeline interface is connected with the air supply device; the side wall simulation device comprises a transparent glass cylinder and a lifting platform, the transparent glass cylinder is hollow, the inner diameter of the transparent glass cylinder is slightly larger than the diameter of the burner body, the transparent glass cylinder can be sleeved outside the burner body, the lifting platform can control the transparent glass cylinder to ascend and descend, and further storage tank side wall gas supply devices with different heights can be simulated to provide stable combustible gas for the burner, the flow of the combustible gas can be adjusted through the mass flow meter, the heat release rate of burning flame can be controlled, and storage tank fire burning with different burning strengths can be simulated; the tracer particle spreading device can be used for providing tracer particles, and the tracer particles can be uniformly mixed with combustible gas so as to monitor the flow field state in the simulation combustion experiment. After the combustible gas is ignited by the ignition device, the monitoring device can monitor the inside and the outside of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder in real time, namely the simulated flame characteristic information, the flow field condition and the external radiation distribution of the inside and the outside of the storage tank, and can also monitor the temperature information of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder (namely the simulated side wall of the storage tank), so that more combustion state information is obtained, the understanding of the combustion condition inside the storage tank is deepened, and a reference is provided for the research of a fire extinguishing strategy of the fire of the storage tank.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, the burner comprises a body, a pipeline interface, a burner supporting frame and an ignition device, wherein a rectification cavity used for filling a porous medium material is formed in the body, uniform air outlets are formed in the top of the body and used for simulating the evaporation process of the surface of the oil pool of the storage tank, the pipeline interface is used for connecting an air supply pipeline, the burner supporting frame is used for supporting the burner, and the ignition device can ignite the combustible gas and simulate the fire burning of the oil pool of the storage tank.
Advantageously, the particle size of the porous medium material is controlled in a certain range, and the combustible gas can uniformly overflow from the outlet of the burner.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, the ignition device comprises an igniter and a telescopic device, the igniter can ignite the combustible gas, the ignition time can be set to simulate the ignition state under different oil steam concentrations in the storage tank, and the telescopic device can control the igniter to move.
Advantageously, the igniter is placed on a telescopic device, and is controlled by the telescopic device to move into the side wall simulating device before ignition so as to ignite the combustible gas, and is controlled by the telescopic device to move out of the side wall simulating device after ignition is completed so as to avoid influencing monitoring of flame behavior in the combustion process.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the storage tank oil pool comprises a storage steel cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a gas guide pipe and a gas mass flow controller, wherein the storage steel cylinder can provide combustible gas, the pressure reducing valve is arranged on the storage steel cylinder to control the output pressure of the combustible gas, one end of the gas guide pipe is connected with the storage steel cylinder, the other end of the gas guide pipe is connected with the burner pipeline interface to convey the combustible gas, and the gas mass flow controller is arranged on the gas guide pipe to accurately control the output flow of the combustible gas so as to control the heat release rate of burning flames and further simulate storage tank fires with different burning strengths.
The device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the storage tank oil pool comprises a control valve, a particle generator and a buffer tank, wherein the particle generator can provide trace particles with incombustibility, good flow following performance and optical scattering performance, the buffer tank is used as a mixed carrier of combustible gas and the trace particles and used for uniformly mixing the combustible gas and the trace particles, and the control valve is used for controlling gas to flow into/out of the buffer tank at a stable flow rate.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the side wall simulation device comprises a high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder and a lifting platform, wherein the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder is hollow, has a slightly larger inner diameter than the diameter of the burner body and can be sleeved outside the burner body, and the lifting platform can control the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder to ascend and descend so as to realize the function of simulating the side walls of the storage tanks with different heights; the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder is made of transparent materials and can be directly used for observing flame and flow field information in the cylinder in the combustion process.
Optionally, a gap between the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder and the burner body can be sealed by a fireproof sealing material to prevent the combustible gas from overflowing.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the monitoring device comprises a camera device, and the camera device is used for shooting the flame characteristic information of the whole burning process, including the flame form and the flame length information inside and outside the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder, namely inside and outside the simulated storage tank.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank comprises a temperature monitoring device, wherein the temperature monitoring device comprises a plurality of flame temperature thermocouples and side wall temperature thermocouples, the flame temperature thermocouples are arranged on a thermocouple support and used for measuring the flame temperature in the burning process, and the side wall temperature thermocouples are arranged on the outer side of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder and used for measuring the temperature of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder in the burning process.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, the monitoring device further comprises a radiation measuring device, the radiation measuring device is a radiation heat flow meter and a heat flow meter support, and the radiation heat flow meter is arranged on the heat flow meter support and used for measuring the external radiation condition of the flame.
According to the device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, the monitoring device further comprises a high-speed picture measuring system, and the high-speed picture measuring system comprises: the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder comprises a pulse laser and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, wherein the pulse laser generates laser for enhancing the light intensity inside the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder, and the CCD camera is used for rapidly recording the positions of internal particles at different moments so as to obtain the condition of an internal flow field.
The device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, further comprises an electric control system, wherein the electric control system is used for controlling the monitoring device to work; the electric control system is also used for controlling the lifting platform to move up and down so as to drive the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder to move up and down, so that the influence of different effective side wall heights on the fire combustion process of the storage tank is simulated; the electric control system is also used for controlling the telescopic device to stretch and move so as to drive the igniter to enter and exit the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder to ignite the combustible gas; the electric control system is also used for controlling the pulse laser to lift or descend and covering the sheet light source to a required observation area; the electric control system is also used for controlling the CCD camera to lift or descend, shooting a film light source coverage area, and acquiring the position of the tracer particles in the flow field so as to acquire flow field information.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank comprises the following steps: controlling a high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder in the side wall simulation device to move to a test position; controlling the igniter to extend into the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder; controlling the gas supply device to continuously supply combustible gas at a certain flow rate; controlling an igniter to ignite the combustible gas and generate flame; controlling the igniter to move out of the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder; controlling a pulse laser to cover a designated area with a sheet light source; controlling a light source coverage area of a shooting film of a CCD camera; the control monitoring device monitors flame characteristic information, external radiation and flow field conditions inside and outside the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder, and monitors temperature information of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of an apparatus for simulating the effect of a sidewall on the fire behavior of a storage tank sump in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sidewall simulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating monitoring of characteristic parameters of flames inside and outside the cylinder, an internal flow field and external radiation distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
A burner 100,
A main body 110,
A rectification cavity 120, glass beads 121, quartz sand 122,
A pipe joint 130, a burner support frame 140,
An ignition device 150, a telescopic device 151, an igniter 152,
Flame 160, upper flame 161, lower flame 161,
A steam area 170,
A side wall simulator 200,
A transparent glass tube 210, a lifting table 220, a fireproof sealing material 230,
An air supply device 300,
A gas storage steel cylinder 310, a pressure reducing valve 320, a gas guide pipe 330, a mass flow meter 340,
A tracer particle device 400,
A first control valve 410, a particle generator 420, a buffer tank 430, a second control valve 440,
A monitoring device 500,
An image pickup device 510,
A temperature detection device 520, a flame temperature thermocouple 521, a side wall temperature thermocouple 522, a thermocouple support 523,
A radiation monitoring device 530, a radiation heat flow meter 531, a heat flow meter support 532,
A high-speed picture measuring device 540, a first expansion link 541, a pulse laser 542, a sheet light source 543, a CCD camera 544, a second expansion link 545,
An electronic control system 600 and a signal acquisition processor 610.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank according to the embodiment of the invention is described below by referring to the attached drawings of the specification.
An apparatus 1000 for simulating sidewall effects on tank sump fire behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes: the burner 100, the sidewall simulation device 200, the gas supply device 300, the tracer particle device 400, the monitoring device 500, and the electronic control system 600.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the burner 100 is composed of a body 110, a pipe joint 130 and a burner support frame 140. The rectifying cavity 120 filled with the porous medium material is formed inside the body 110, the internal structure of the rectifying cavity 120 is shown in fig. 2, the rectifying cavity 120 is filled with two materials, namely glass beads 121 and quartz sand 122, the filled glass beads 121 and the quartz sand 122 respectively occupy 1/2 of the internal volume of the rectifying cavity 120, and the quartz sand 122 is located above the glass beads 121. The combustible gas required for the burner 100 is supplied by a gas supply 300 connected to the lower pipe interface 130. After the combustible gas is ignited by the ignition device 150 extending into the sidewall simulator 200, a flame 160 is formed. It should be noted that when the ignition device 150 ignites the combustible gas, as shown in fig. 3, as the combustion continues, the oxygen inside the transparent glass tube 210 is continuously consumed due to the limited air entrainment, which is not enough to support the combustion of the combustible gas, and this causes the bottom of the flame 160 to gradually move upward and finally to be stabilized at a certain height inside the transparent glass tube 210. At this time, a steam zone 170 of a certain thickness is formed between the bottom of the flame 160 and the upper surface of the burner body 110. Meanwhile, the flames 160 are partially positioned above the upper edge of the transparent glass tube 210 and partially positioned inside the transparent glass tube 210, and thus, the flames 160 can be divided into upper flames 161 and lower flames 162.
In a specific example, when the aeration rate of the combustible gas is small, i.e. the simulated heat release rate of the storage tank is small, the momentum of the upward combustible gas is smaller than the downward air entrainment momentum, and at this time, the bottom of the flame 160 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the burner body 110, and the flame 160 is located inside the transparent glass tube 210. As the aeration rate of the combustible gas increases, i.e., the simulated tank flame heat release rate increases, the upward momentum of the combustible gas may overcome the downward entrainment momentum and the bottom of the flame 160 moves upward, at which time the flame 160 may be divided into an upper flame 161 and a lower flame 162. When the aeration rate of the combustible gas continues to increase, i.e. the simulated storage tank fire heat release rate is extremely high, the momentum of the upward combustible gas is much greater than the entrainment momentum of the downward air, at this time, the air cannot be entrained into the transparent glass tube 210, and the flames are all located above the upper edge of the transparent glass tube, i.e. the lower flames 162 no longer appear.
Optionally, the ignition device 150 includes a telescoping device 151, an output end of the telescoping device 151 is connected to an igniter 152, and the igniter 152 is movable in multiple directions relative to the burner 100. For example, the burner may be moved in a forward and backward direction with respect to the burner 100, or may be moved in an up and down direction with respect to the container 100, which is not limited herein.
Optionally, the telescopic device 151 is a driving motor and a transmission mechanism, and the igniter 152 is installed in the transmission mechanism, and the driving motor drives the transmission mechanism to move, so that the igniter 152 is driven to move.
Alternatively, the telescopic device 151 is an electric push rod, and the transmission mechanism is omitted, and the electric push rod drives the igniter 152 to extend into or move out of the interior of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210.
Optionally, the ignition device 150 includes an igniter 152, and the igniter 152 is a pulse igniter, which can set an ignition time for safely and conveniently igniting the combustible gas.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the sidewall simulation apparatus 200 is composed of a high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 and a lifting platform 220, wherein the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is sleeved outside the burner 100 for simulating the sidewall of the storage tank. The lifting platform 220 is used for controlling the lifting and descending of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder 210, so that the research on the flame characteristics and the combustion characteristics of the fire disaster of the storage tank under the conditions of different effective side wall heights can be realized. It should be noted that, since the inner diameter of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the body 110, in order to avoid the gap between the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 and the burner 100 from causing the combustible gas to overflow and causing the final experiment error, the bottom gap is sealed by the fireproof sealing material 230.
Alternatively, the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is a quartz glass cylinder having high transmittance and high temperature resistance.
Alternatively, the lifting platform 220 is an electric push rod lifting platform, which can stably lift the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210.
Referring to fig. 1, a gas supply device 300 is connected to a burner 100 and a tracer particle device 400 through a gas conduit 330, and the gas supply device 300 is composed of four parts, namely a gas storage cylinder 310, a pressure reducing valve 320, a gas conduit 330 and a mass flow meter 340. The pressure reducing valve 320 is disposed at the mouth of the gas storage cylinder 310, and the release of the combustible gas can be controlled by adjusting the pressure reducing valve 320, so that the combustible gas can enter the burner through the gas duct 330. The mass flow meter 340 is disposed on the gas-guide tube 330, and is used for accurately controlling the output flow of the combustible gas, and further controlling the flame heat release rate.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the trace particle device 400 is connected to the gas supply device 300 through a gas conduit 330, and the trace particle device 400 includes four parts, namely a first control valve 410, a particle generator 420, a buffer tank 430 and a second control valve 440. Among them, the particle generator 420 is used to provide trace particles with better flow following property and optical scattering property, the buffer tank 430 is used to mix the combustible gas and the trace particles uniformly, the second control valve 440 is used to control the combustible gas entering the buffer tank 430 and the flow rate of the combustible gas mixed with the trace particles flowing out of the buffer tank 430, and then the output flow rate of the buffer tank 430 is controlled by controlling the first control valve 410.
As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring device 500 is used to monitor the characteristic information of the flame 160, the external radiation and flow field conditions, and the state information of the sidewall simulator 200. It should be noted that the state information may be the temperature of the upper flame 161 (or the lower flame 162), the amount of external radiation of the flame 160, and picture information or video information of the characteristics of the flame 160 during the whole combustion process, and may also be information such as the surface temperature of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210, the external radiation of the flame, and the internal flow field condition, which may be adjusted according to the actual test requirements.
From the above structure, the device 1000 for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the storage tank oil pool in the embodiment of the invention is disclosed. By igniting the combustible gas released from the burner 100, a flame 160 is generated, which flame 160 presents different morphologies, namely an upper flame 161 and a lower flame 162, inside and outside the refractory transparent cylinder 210. By continuously adjusting the elevating platform 220, the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 can simulate different effective side wall heights, and the shape and length of the flame 160 can be changed. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 3, after ignition of the combustible gas, a vapor zone 170 gradually develops between the fairing cavity 120 and the flame 160.
In the combustion process, the flame 160 presented inside and outside the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 can simulate the combustion condition of the storage tank fire by the effective side wall height, the monitoring device 500 can monitor the combustion condition of the flame 160 in real time, the storage tank fire combustion process under different effective side wall heights is reproduced, more combustion state information is obtained, and researchers can know the whole combustion dynamic process in detail according to the collected state information.
It can be understood that the device can fully understand and analyze the influence of the effective side wall height on the fire combustion of the storage tank, and intuitively understand and analyze the fire scenes of the storage tank under different effective side wall heights. The device can also be used as a teaching or research experimental instrument to promote the understanding of participants on the combustion process and the storage tank fire.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, monitoring device 500 includes a camera device 510. In these examples, the camera 510 is placed at a horizontal position 5 m from the center of the burner 100, and can photograph the shape and length of the upper flame 161 outside the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder, and can photograph the shape and length of the lower flame 162 through the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210. The pictures of the flame 160 at different effective sidewall heights can be clearly photographed by the camera 510, which is beneficial to the subsequent correlation analysis.
Optionally, the camera 510 is a video recorder, which is beneficial to record the shape change of the flame 160 and record the flame shape inside and outside the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 in real time, and deducing the flame height according to the flame shape.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the monitoring device 500 further comprises a temperature detection device 520, the temperature detection device 520 comprising a flame temperature thermocouple 521, a sidewall temperature thermocouple 522, and a thermocouple holder 523. The flame temperature thermocouples 521 are arranged on the thermocouple brackets 523 at different heights, and the ends of the flame temperature thermocouples 521 are arranged on the axis of the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 so as to respectively measure the temperature of the flame 160 at different heights and the temperature of the steam area; and a plurality of sidewall temperature thermocouples 522 are respectively disposed at different heights on the outer wall of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 to respectively measure the temperatures of the sidewalls at the different heights.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, monitoring device 500 includes a radiation monitoring device 530, and radiation monitoring device 530 includes a radiation heat flux meter 531 and a heat flux meter support 532. In these examples, the bolometer 531 is disposed on the bolometer support 532, the height of the sensing device of the bolometer 531 is flush with the opening of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210, and the distance from the center of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is D, so as to monitor the outward radiation of the flame.
Optionally, bolometer 531 is a water-cooled bolometer to facilitate acquisition of the bolometric flow data.
Optionally, the distance between the radiant heat flow meter 531 and the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is about 3 times the diameter of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210, and the external radiation of the flame can be obtained through a solid particle flame model, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where q "represents the intensity of thermal radiation at a distance D from the flame center, F12 represents the view factor at a distance D from the flame center, τ represents the atmospheric transmission of thermal radiation, and Ef represents the average emitted power at the flame surface.
The view factor F12 is the ratio of the radiation received by the target to the total radiation of the flame, and can be expressed as:
wherein A1 is the flame surface area; a2 is the target area; r is the distance of the flame to the target surface.
The high-speed image measuring device 540 includes a first expansion link 541, a pulse laser 542, a sheet light source 543, a CCD camera 544, and a second expansion link 545. In these examples, the pulse laser 542 is disposed on the first expansion link 541, and is configured to emit the sheet light source 543, and the sheet light source 543 can clearly illuminate trace particles in one plane, so as to facilitate shooting and recording. The CCD camera 544 is arranged on the second expansion link 545, so that the view field of the CCD camera is perpendicular to the sheet light source 543, the area of the sheet light source 543 is continuously shot by setting a fixed time interval, partial images can be continuously shot by the sheet light source, the flow speed of the tracer particles and the position condition of each tracer particle can be calculated and analyzed by analyzing the information of the tracer particles in the images, and then the change rule and other parameter information of the whole flow field are solved.
Optionally, the first and second expansion rods 541, 545 are electric push rods for raising and lowering the pulse laser 542 and/or the CCD camera 544.
Advantageously, the pulse laser 542 may be disposed on the telescopic rod 541, and the irradiation region of the light source 543 is controlled by controlling the telescopic rod 541, so that the irradiation region corresponds to the shooting field region, thereby ensuring a desired experimental effect. The first expansion link 541 is controlled by the electric control system 600, and the length of the first expansion link 541 can be manually changed without limitation.
Advantageously, the CCD camera 544 can be disposed on the second telescoping rod 545 and can move up and down based on the second telescoping rod 545, which is beneficial for taking pictures of different positions of the sidewall simulator 200.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus 1000 for simulating the influence of the sidewall on the fire burning behavior of the storage tank oil sump as shown in fig. 1 further includes an electronic control system 600, and the electronic control system 600 is configured to control the operation of the monitoring apparatus 500, so that the monitoring of the monitoring apparatus 400 is automated.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the electronic control system 600 further includes a signal collecting processor 610, and the signal processor 610 can collect and analyze the collected data, so as to improve automation of data processing and help analyzing the flame status information.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic control system 600 is further configured to control the ignition device 150 to extend into the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 to ignite the combustible gas.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic control system 600 is further used for the mass flow meter 340, and the mass flow meter 340 can control the output flow of the combustible gas, so as to control the flame heat release rate.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic control system 600 is further configured to control the first expansion link 541 to move up and down, and adjust the height of the pulse laser 542 by controlling the first expansion link 541 to move up and down, so that the sheet light source 543 covers a suitable area.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic control system 600 is further configured to control the lifting of the second telescopic rod 545, and adjust the height of the CCD camera 544 by controlling the lifting of the second telescopic rod 545, so that the areas covered by the light sources 543 shot by the CCD camera 544 are consistent, and the overall distribution of the flow field is acquired.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic control system 600 is further used for controlling the elevation of the elevating platform 220, and the elevating platform 220 simulates the influence of different effective sidewall heights on the fire burning of the storage tank by elevating the height of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210.
The method for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the attached drawings of the specification.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing an experimental device according to experimental arrangement, and controlling the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder 210 to be sleeved outside the body 110 and adjusting the height.
The high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is lifted through the lifting platform 220 controlled by the electric control system 600, and is used for simulating different heights of the effective side wall of the storage tank, and after the height of the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 is adjusted, a gap between the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 and the combustor 100 is sealed by using the fireproof sealing material 230.
And S2, ensuring the complete connection between the gas supply device 300 and the combustor 100 and good sealing performance of the pipeline 320, and outputting combustible gas to the combustor 100.
The output flow of the mass flow meter 340 is set by the electronic control system 600, the pressure reducing valve 320 is manually opened to reduce the pressure of the gas storage steel cylinder 310, so that the combustible gas stably flows into the burner 100, and the first control valve 410 and the second control valve 440 are adjusted to mix the trace particles into the combustible gas.
And S3, controlling the combustible gas in the combustor 100 to combust and generate the flame 160.
The ignition device 150 may be controlled by the electronic control system 600, and extend into the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 to perform timed ignition, so that the combustible gas is combusted to generate flame 160, and then the ignition device is moved out of the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder 210 by the electronic control system 500.
And S4, judging whether the flame 160 is stable or not.
If the flame 160 has a tendency to increase in size, indicating that the combustible gas has not passed uniformly through the fairing cavity 120, the data from the monitored flame 160 may not reflect the actual simulated sidewall effect on the tank sump fire behavior.
Step S5, the control and monitoring device 500 monitors the status information of the flame 160.
The monitoring device 500 may include the aforementioned camera 510, temperature monitoring device 520, radiation monitoring device 530 and high-speed image measuring system 540, which are not described herein.
According to the method for simulating the influence of the side wall on the combustion behavior of the oil pool fire of the storage tank, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the height of the effective side wall of the storage tank is simulated by controlling the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder 210, and the oil pool fire with stable heat release rate is simulated by using combustible gas.
The change appears in the flame 160 that makes the simulation storage tank, through the burning state, the temperature and the radiant heat feedback data of constantly monitoring combustible gas to obtain combustible gas combustion process's status information, be favorable to promoting people to the understanding of the burning process of storage tank conflagration under the different effective lateral wall height.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In fig. 1, 15 temperature monitoring devices 520 are shown for illustrative purposes, but it is obvious to those skilled in the art after reading the above technical solutions that the solution can be applied to other technical solutions of the number of temperature monitoring devices 520, and the invention also falls into the protection scope of the present invention.
The apparatus 1000 for simulating the influence of the sidewall on the tank pool fire behavior and the combustion principle of the combustible gas in the simulation method according to the embodiment of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail herein.
In the description herein, references to the description of "an embodiment," "an example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. An apparatus for simulating the effects of a sidewall on the fire behavior of a storage tank sump, comprising:
the upper end of the burner is open, combustible gas can uniformly pass through the burner, the combustible gas is ignited and then is combusted in the air, and flame is formed on one side facing the opening when the combustible gas is combusted, so that the combustion of the oil pool of the storage tank is simulated;
the side wall simulation device comprises a transparent high-temperature-resistant cylinder and a lifting platform, the transparent cylinder is convenient for directly observing the characteristic information of the flame inside the transparent cylinder, and the lifting platform can control the transparent cylinder to ascend and descend so as to simulate the tank walls with different heights;
the gas supply device can continuously supply the combustible gas to the burner, can adjust the gas supply rate, and is used for controlling the flame heat release rate and simulating the fire combustion of the storage tank with different combustion strengths;
the tracer particle device can provide non-combustible tracer particles with good flow following performance and optical scattering performance, and the tracer particles can be uniformly mixed with the combustible gas and used for simulating the conditions of a flow field inside a cylinder in a combustion process;
the monitoring device comprises a camera device, a temperature monitoring device, a radiation monitoring device and a high-speed picture measuring system and is used for monitoring the morphological characteristics, the temperature, the external radiation and the internal flow field of the flame and the temperature information of the side wall simulation device.
2. The device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the storage tank oil pool according to claim 1, wherein the burner comprises a body, a pipeline interface, a burner support frame and an ignition device, a rectification cavity for filling a porous medium material is formed in the body, the particle size of the porous medium material is controlled within a certain range, so that the combustible gas can uniformly overflow from an outlet of the burner, a uniform gas outlet is formed at the top of the body and used for simulating the evaporation process of the surface of the storage tank oil pool, the pipeline interface is used for connecting a gas supply pipeline, the burner support frame is used for supporting the burner, the ignition device comprises an igniter and a telescopic device, the igniter can ignite the combustible gas and can set the ignition time, and the telescopic device can control the igniter to move.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas supply device comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a gas tube, and a gas mass flow controller, the gas cylinder is capable of providing a combustible gas, the pressure reducing valve is disposed on the gas cylinder to control an output pressure of the combustible gas, one end of the gas tube is connected to the gas cylinder, and the other end of the gas tube is connected to the burner pipe interface to deliver the combustible gas, the gas mass flow controller is disposed on the gas tube to precisely control an output flow of the combustible gas, and further control a heat release rate of a burning flame, so as to simulate a storage tank fire with different burning intensity.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tracer particle means comprises a control valve, a particle generator, a buffer tank, said particle generator capable of providing tracer particles with non-flammability, good flow-following property and optical scattering property, said buffer tank being a mixing carrier for said combustible gas and said tracer particles for uniformly mixing said combustible gas and said tracer particles, said control valve being used for controlling gas flow into/out of the buffer tank at a steady flow rate.
5. The device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire burning behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the side wall simulation device comprises a high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder and a lifting platform, the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder is hollow, has a slightly larger inner diameter than the diameter of the burner body and can be sleeved outside the burner body, and the lifting platform can control the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder to ascend and descend so as to realize the function of simulating the side walls of the storage tanks with different heights; the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder is made of transparent materials and can be directly used for observing flame and flow field information in the cylinder in the combustion process; the gap between the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder and the burner body can be sealed by a fireproof sealing material, so that the combustible gas is prevented from overflowing.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring device comprises a camera device for capturing the flame characteristic information of the whole combustion process, including the flame shape and flame length information inside and outside the high temperature resistant transparent cylinder, i.e. inside and outside the simulated storage tank.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said monitoring means comprises a temperature monitoring device comprising a plurality of flame temperature thermocouples disposed on a thermocouple support for measuring flame temperatures during combustion and a sidewall temperature thermocouple disposed outside said refractory transparent cylinder for measuring the temperature of said refractory transparent cylinder during combustion.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring device further comprises a radiation measuring device, the radiation measuring device is a radiation heat flow meter and a heat flow meter support, and the radiation heat flow meter is disposed on the heat flow meter support for measuring the external radiation of the flame.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring device further comprises a high speed picture measuring system, the high speed picture measuring system comprising: the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder comprises a pulse laser and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, wherein the pulse laser generates laser for enhancing the light intensity inside the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder, and the CCD camera is used for rapidly recording the positions of internal particles at different moments so as to obtain the condition of an internal flow field.
10. The device for simulating the influence of the side wall on the fire behavior of the oil pool of the storage tank as recited in any one of claims 1-9, further comprising an electronic control system, wherein the electronic control system is used for controlling the monitoring device to work; the electric control system is also used for controlling the lifting platform to move up and down so as to drive the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder to move up and down, so that the influence of different effective side wall heights on the fire combustion process of the storage tank is simulated; the electric control system is also used for controlling the telescopic device to stretch and move so as to drive the igniter to enter and exit the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder to ignite the combustible gas; the electric control system is also used for controlling the pulse laser to lift or descend and covering the sheet light source to a required observation area; the electric control system is also used for controlling the CCD camera to lift or descend, shooting a film light source coverage area, and acquiring the position of the tracer particles in the flow field so as to acquire flow field information.
11. A method for simulating the influence of a side wall on the fire burning behavior of a storage tank oil pool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling a high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder in the side wall simulation device to move to a test position;
controlling the igniter to extend into the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder;
controlling the gas supply device to continuously supply combustible gas at a certain flow rate;
controlling an igniter to ignite the combustible gas and generate flame;
the igniter is controlled to move out of the high-temperature resistant transparent cylinder;
controlling a pulse laser to cover a designated area with a sheet light source;
controlling a light source coverage area of a shooting picture of a CCD camera;
the control monitoring device monitors flame characteristic information, external radiation and flow field conditions inside and outside the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder, and monitors temperature information of the high-temperature-resistant transparent cylinder.
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