CN104568367A - Testing device for measuring cold-state flow field in gas burner based on PIV (particle image velocimetry) technique - Google Patents
Testing device for measuring cold-state flow field in gas burner based on PIV (particle image velocimetry) technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a testing device for measuring a cold-state flow field in a gas burner based on a PIV (particle image velocimetry) technique. The testing device comprises a heating furnace cold-state model, a gas path system, a trace particle scattering device and a PIV testing system. By integrating the heating furnace cold-state model, the gas path system, the trace particle scattering device and a PIV imaging and image processor, the testing device for measuring the cold-stage flow field in the gas burner based on the PIV technique avoids disturbance of a traditional contact-type measurement means to actual flow, also avoids the defect that the flow field cannot be measured in a large scale through a single-point measurement method, and can test movement characteristics of gas flow generated by the gas burner in a combustion chamber quickly and accurately. The image processor conducts self-correlation and time averaging processing on smog trace particle original images measured through PIV to obtain an average speed vector diagram, and accordingly, the distribution of the flow field is analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit based on PIV technology, be specifically related to a kind of test unit based on PIV commercial measurement gas burner cold-state flow field in furnace.
Background technology
PIV(particle image velocimetry) technology is a kind of noncontact flow field survey technology, obtains flow rate information by the cross-correlation analysis of stream field image, can carry out Tidal Flow, the high resolving power of space three-dimensional flow field and high-precision test.As the basic means of the various complex flowfield of research, PIV technology has been widely used in the flow field survey of hydrodynamic experiment, aerodynamic experiment.From permanent to unsteady flo w, low speed at a high speed, single-phase to heterogeneous, at the relevant quantitative information of the whole plane of synchronization record, thus obtain the instantaneous velocity field of flowing, fluctuation velocity field and Vorticity Field etc.
Heating furnace is firing equipment conventional in the industry such as petrochemical complex, metallurgy, and the distribution of its fluid field in furnace is directly connected to furnace flame pattern, Temperature Distribution.Good velocity flow profile make furnace flame powerful and vigorous, not unstable, do not lick pipe, bad velocity flow profile is then contrary.Therefore, fluid field in furnace determine in essence heating furnace can long period safety and stability running.In stove, jet and mixed characteristic also affect the formation of fuel combustion and pollutant, and turbulence vortex structure has considerable influence to flame characteristics and burning efficiency.Although there is certain gap with hot test, cold test still discloses turbulent flow in nozzles jet flow, stove to a certain extent, and may form on burning and pollutant the impact produced.Cold test can be carried out at the scene, also can be implemented at laboratory sophistication by analogy basins.
Cold model test will ensure the flow field similarity that model and prototype burner produce, and the Flow Field Distribution that such model test is observed could have directive significance to the adjustment of prototype burner and improvement.Consider " self moulding " in flow field, namely when the Reynolds number in flow field
rewhen being in the laminar flow zone being less than a certain particular value (being called " the first critical Reynolds number ") or the turbulent area being greater than a certain particular value (being called " the second critical Reynolds number "), different
reflowing under state is similar each other, and these two regions are called the first flow field law and the second flow field law.As long as therefore to ensure model and prototype
rebe in same flow field law,
revary in size and also can ensure flow field similarity.
In the second flow field law, with Δ
p/ ρ ω 2the Euler number represented
euwith Reynold's number
reirrelevant, namely
Although more to the research in industrial furnace flow field both at home and abroad, achieve certain achievement, current research still has limitation:
1) traditional contact single-point measurement method, as: Pitot tube, five-hole probe and hot-wire anemometer etc.These methods can only carry out spot measurement, and contact flow field can produce interference to actual flow.In addition, when flowing velocity in flow field changes greatly or have whirlpool to occur, traditional measuring method is difficult to the Measurement accuracy realizing stream field.
2) laser Dppler veloicty measurement (LDV) technology.Although LDV is the non-cpntact measurement means of a kind of high precision, fast-response, it is still single-spot testing technology, cannot obtain instantaneous velocity whole audience information as PIV technology.
3) Computational fluid mechanics numerical simulation method.Along with the lifting of computing power and the development of Fluid Mechanics Computation, numerical simulation is more and more applied in the design of flow field analysis and novel product.But numerical simulation result is based upon on various simplified condition and hypothesized model basis, and reliability and the accuracy of result of calculation are under suspicion always.
Although the widespread use of PIV technology, the domestic report rarely had by PIV commercial measurement heating furnace gas burner cold flow field, and consider the design feature of gas burner and burner hearth, the PIV measurement mechanism in other field cannot be used for reference completely.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, gas burner cold-state flow field in furnace measurement mechanism is established based on PIV technology, this device is equipped with the equipment such as air compressor machine, flowmeter, operation valve, surge tank, burner, transparent combustion chamber, and by pulsed laser, the PIV test macro that forms across frame CCD camera, aerosol producer etc.This measurement mechanism can avoid contact type measurement means to the disturbance of actual flow, can realize again measuring the instantaneous velocity of the two-dimensional flow field of target area.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on a test unit for PIV commercial measurement gas burner cold-state flow field in furnace, comprise heating furnace cold model, air-channel system, trace particle send out device and PIV test macro;
Described heating furnace cold model comprises burner, transparent combustion chamber and smoke exhaust pipe, and one end of described burner is connected with transparent combustion chamber, and the top of transparent combustion chamber is connected with smoke exhaust pipe;
Described air-channel system comprises air compressor machine, Gas Pipe and air hose, Gas Pipe is all connected with the other end of burner with one end of air hose, Gas Pipe is all connected with air compressor machine with the other end of air hose, and Gas Pipe and air hose are equipped with the first operation valve and flowmeter;
Described trace particle is sent out device and is comprised aerosol producer, surge tank, the charging aperture of described surge tank is connected with aerosol producer and air compressor machine respectively, its discharging opening is connected with Gas Pipe and air hose, between surge tank and air compressor machine and surge tank and be equipped with the second operation valve between Gas Pipe and air hose;
Described PIV test macro comprises pulsed laser, across frame CCD camera, isochronous controller and master controller,
Main controller controls pulsed laser, isochronous controller and across frame CCD camera work, isochronous controller gating pulse laser instrument and the synchronous working across frame CCD camera; The sheet laser that pulsed laser sends is by the face, axle center of burner, and export the image collected to master controller across the axes normal of frame CCD camera in this plane, master controller processes the image received.
The smog trace particle that aerosol producer produces has flowing followability and optical scattering preferably, and the trace particle as gas phase field of the present invention is more applicable.For obtaining the trace particle of continuous uniform, the smoke particle that aerosol producer produces, after surge tank mixes with carrier gas, can pass into air hose or Gas Pipe as required.Surge tank carrier gas is supplied by air compressor machine, controls flow by operation valve.
Described air hose is made up of primary air piping and secondary air channel, and the discharging opening of described surge tank is connected with primary air piping; Be used for measuring the cold-state flow field in furnace containing First air and Secondary Air burner in prior art.
The face, axle center of described burner overlaps with the central plane of firing chamber; During measurement, ensure that two bundle sheet light are radiated at same measurement plane, sheet light to be overlapped good effect realizing far field enough at a distance.
Described burner is diffusion flame burner.
Described first operation valve and the second operation valve are ball valve or gate valve.
Described flow counts glass rotameter.
Described transparent combustion chamber is rectangular parallelepiped, during the axle center face of the sheet laser that pulsed laser is sent by burner, more easily photographs required image across frame CCD camera.
Described Gas Pipe, air hose, primary air piping and secondary air channel all adopt extension flexible ventilation ducting.
The test unit that the present invention is based on PIV commercial measurement gas burner cold-state flow field in furnace sends out device and PIV imaging and image processor by integrated heating stove cold model, air-channel system, trace particle, both the disturbance of conventional contact measurement means to actual flow had been avoided, turn avoid the shortcoming that spot measurement cannot realize the measurement of stream field large area, accurately, promptly can measure the air motion characteristic that in firing chamber, gas burner produces.By image processor to the smog trace particle original image that PIV measures carry out auto-correlation and time homogenizing process, mean speed vector figure when obtaining, thus analysis stream field distribution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the test unit structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the test unit structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 is the burner structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the relation schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2 second flow field law Euler number and Reynold's number;
Fig. 5 is time averaged velocity cloud atlas under the embodiment of the present invention 2 operating mode 1 condition;
Fig. 6 is time averaged velocity cloud atlas under the embodiment of the present invention 2 operating mode 2 condition.
Wherein: 1-flowmeter, 2-burner, 3-first operation valve, 4--Gas Pipe, 5-air compressor machine, 6-second operation valve, 7-aerosol producer, 8-surge tank, 9-air hose, 10-smog trace particle, 11-is across frame CCD camera, 12-transparent combustion chamber, 13-smoke exhaust pipe, 14-sheet laser, 15-pulsed laser, 16-master controller, 17-isochronous controller, 18-primary air piping, 19-secondary air channel, 20-gas gun.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The burner that the present invention adopts is existing, as being diffusion flame burner, two kinds of burners are generally adopted in prior art, a kind of is burner not with First air and Secondary Air, another kind is the burner comprising First air and Secondary Air, and the present invention is set forth these two kinds of burners respectively by embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
embodiment 1
Test unit designed according to this invention, with certain in-service air classification gas burner for prototype, with 1:4(model: prototype) ratio organic glass is processed into mock up ignition device, builds the concrete test unit that measurement model burner forms velocity field in rectangular combustion chamber.The principle of the present embodiment foundation isothermal medium simulation non-isothermal process designs, the impact of main research different spray nozzles structure stream field shape.
See Fig. 1, the test unit of the present embodiment, comprises heating furnace cold model, air-channel system, trace particle sends out device and PIV test macro.Described heating furnace cold model comprises burner 2, transparent combustion chamber 12 and smoke exhaust pipe 13, and one end of burner 2 is connected with transparent combustion chamber 12, and the top of transparent combustion chamber 12 is connected with smoke exhaust pipe 13.Above-mentioned transparent combustion chamber is rectangular parallelepiped, and rectangular parallelepiped is of a size of 500 × 500 × 790 mm.Above-mentioned air-channel system comprises air compressor machine 5, Gas Pipe 4 and air hose 9, Gas Pipe 4 is all connected with the other end of burner 2 with one end of air hose 9, Gas Pipe 4 is all connected with air compressor machine 5 with the other end of air hose 9, and Gas Pipe 4 and air hose 9 are equipped with the first operation valve 3 and flowmeter 1.Above-mentioned trace particle is sent out device and is comprised aerosol producer 7, surge tank 8, the charging aperture of described surge tank 8 is connected with aerosol producer 7 and air compressor machine 5 respectively, its discharging opening is connected with Gas Pipe 4 and air hose 9, between surge tank 8 and air compressor machine 5 and surge tank 8 and be equipped with the second operation valve 6 between Gas Pipe 4 and air hose 9.Above-mentioned PIV test macro comprises pulsed laser 15, across frame CCD camera 11, isochronous controller 17 and master controller 16, master controller 16 gating pulse laser instrument 15, isochronous controller 17 and work across frame CCD camera 11, isochronous controller 17 gating pulse laser instrument 15 and the synchronous working across frame CCD camera 11; The sheet laser 14 that pulsed laser 15 sends is by the face, axle center of burner 2, the image collected is exported to master controller 16 in this plane across the axes normal of frame CCD camera 11, master controller 16 processes the image received, to the original image of smog trace particle 10 carry out auto-correlation and time homogenizing process, mean speed vector figure when obtaining, thus analysis stream field distribution.
The face, axle center of said burner overlaps with the central plane of firing chamber.
Above-mentioned first operation valve and the second operation valve are ball valve or gate valve.
Above-mentioned flow counts glass rotameter.
Above-mentioned Gas Pipe, air hose, primary air piping and secondary air channel all adopt extension flexible ventilation ducting.
embodiment 2
See Fig. 2, substantially identical with embodiment 1 of the device in the present embodiment, uniquely unlike adopting secondary air channel 19, primary air piping 18 replaces in embodiment 1 air hose, the discharging opening of surge tank 8 is connected with primary air piping 18.In this test unit, its burner structure see Fig. 3, secondary air channel 19, primary air piping 18 coaxially nested with Gas Pipe 4 and with gas gun 20 coaxial design, size is respectively
Φ160 × 7.5 mm,
Φ100 × 7.5 mm,
Φ20 × 3 mm.Transparent combustion chamber parallelepiped body portion is of a size of 500 × 500 × 790 mm.
Reynolds number in on-the-spot prototype burner secondary air channel, primary air piping and gas gun
rebe respectively 1.64 × 10
4, 2.42 × 10
4, 4.21 × 10
4.Generally speaking, typical burner hearth enters the entrance of the second flow field law
rebe not less than 10
4.Obviously, the flow field that burner prototype produces is in the second flow field law.Because model combustion gas volumetric flow rate is only total flow 4.2%, therefore the impact of combustion gas on burner overall flow state can be ignored.The present embodiment is to the Euler number of model equipment First air and Secondary Air
euwith Reynold's number
rerelation measure, result is as shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, the operating mode of the present embodiment is in the second flow field law.
Master controller of the present invention can adopt computing machine and existing software to realize.PIV test macro of the present invention also can adopt existing PIV system to realize, and the master controller in PIV test macro is equivalent to the computing machine with Dynamic Studio software in PIV system.
Details are as follows to adopt to the present invention the concrete process of the test being provided with the computing machine of Dynamic Studio software (Dantec company PIV matched with devices software) below:
By connecting according to the requirement of PIV system across frame CCD camera, computing machine, isochronous controller, double resonance pulsed laser in PIV system.Cover across frame CCD camera lid, open double resonance pulsed laser, adjustment laser is strong and weak, make the similar brightness of two bundle sheet light, trimmer light is to the face, axle center of burner, and sheet light to be overlapped good effect, to ensure that two bundle sheet light are radiated at same measurement plane realizing far field enough at a distance.In sheet optical plane, put into scaling board, close laser, open camera cover, remove camera optical filtering, and make camera just to scaling board.Run Dynamic Studio software, a newly-built Database is switched to drainage pattern, focuses under " Free Run " pattern, makes camera as far as possible clearly photograph round spot on scaling board; Select single frame shooting mode, gather 5 images, click Acquire button and gather image, now with natural light shooting, laser instrument is set to internal trigger.Be switched to Acquire data menu hurdle, image is stored as nominal data, right button clicked by gained picture, select Measure Scale Factor, A and B respectively in dragged image is to the circle centre position of two round spots, select Absolute Distance, the distance of input A to B, completes test sizing calibration.Just aligned burner axis move to across frame CCD camera, adjust to required height.
The test philosophy of PIV is formulated as:
In formula,
v x with
v y it is trace particle edge
xwith
ythe instantaneous velocity in direction, Δ
tfor the double-exposure time interval of measuring.
The image of gained is divided into many very little regions (being called interrogation zone) by Dynamic Studio software, uses auto-correlation or cross-correlation statistical technique to solve the displacement of trace particle in interrogation zone, and setting pulse interval, can try to achieve the velocity of particle.In the present embodiment, be 1344 × 1024 pixel across frame CCD camera pixel, arranging interrogation zone size is 32 × 32 pixel, and the physical size of taking image-region is 52 × 30 mm, so interrogation zone is at the height Δ of vertical direction
hfor:
The principle that the double-exposure time interval is chosen is exactly requirement should be not more than 1/4 interrogation zone in the displacement of two pulse intervals, that is:
In formula,
u maxfor the maximal value of velocity estimation in measurement zone, in the present embodiment, maximum estimation flow velocity is 6 m/s, and therefore the double-exposure time interval can not be greater than 39 μ s, is set to 20 μ s in the present embodiment.
Open air compressor machine, after air compressor machine startup is stable, the ball valve in adjustment Gas Pipe or gate valve make combustion gas wind reach 17.7 m
3the flow of/h, adjustment primary air piping and secondary air channel on ball valve or gate valve make First air reach 70.4 m
3the flow of/h, Secondary Air reaches 155.5 m
3the flow of/h.Open aerosol producer, make it be in preheat mode.After 5 min, smog is passed into surge tank, surge tank and the ball valve arranged between Gas Pipe and air hose or gate valve are opened to maximum, smog pipeline inserts primary air piping.
Arrange filming frequency 2 Hz, each shooting 150 width images pair, adopt Double Frame pattern, laser shooting, installs filter additional before CCD camera, clicks Acquire and starts to gather, the ball valve between surge tank and air compressor machine or gate valve are opened rapidly simultaneously.Aperture and the laser intensity of ball valve between surge tank and air compressor machine or gate valve is regulated, until obtain qualified image according to picture quality.
Calculated by the Adaptive Correlation of software Dynamic Studio and Moving Average Validation function, obtain instantaneous velocity vector figure, then homogenizing process when Average Filter carries out all images, obtains time averaged velocity polar plot.In table 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 be shown in by the operating mode 1 of embodiment 2 and the time averaged velocity polar plot of operating mode 2.Clearly can be found out the Flow Field Distribution under different spray nozzles structure by Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, as can be seen here, the present invention can complete the measurement to burner flow field well.
Claims (8)
1., based on a test unit for PIV commercial measurement gas burner cold-state flow field in furnace, it is characterized in that comprising heating furnace cold model, air-channel system, trace particle send out device and PIV test macro;
Described heating furnace cold model comprises burner, transparent combustion chamber and smoke exhaust pipe, and one end of described burner is connected with transparent combustion chamber, and the top of transparent combustion chamber is connected with smoke exhaust pipe;
Described air-channel system comprises air compressor machine, Gas Pipe and air hose, Gas Pipe is all connected with the other end of burner with one end of air hose, Gas Pipe is all connected with air compressor machine with the other end of air hose, and Gas Pipe and air hose are equipped with the first operation valve and flowmeter;
Described trace particle is sent out device and is comprised aerosol producer, surge tank, the charging aperture of described surge tank is connected with aerosol producer and air compressor machine respectively, its discharging opening is connected with Gas Pipe and air hose, between surge tank and air compressor machine and surge tank and be equipped with the second operation valve between Gas Pipe and air hose;
Described PIV test macro comprises pulsed laser, across frame CCD camera, isochronous controller and master controller,
Main controller controls pulsed laser, isochronous controller and across frame CCD camera work, isochronous controller gating pulse laser instrument and the synchronous working across frame CCD camera; The sheet laser that pulsed laser sends is by the face, axle center of burner, and export the image collected to master controller across the axes normal of frame CCD camera in this plane, master controller processes the image received.
2. test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described air hose is made up of primary air piping and secondary air channel, the discharging opening of described surge tank is connected with primary air piping.
3. test unit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the face, axle center of described burner overlaps with the central plane of firing chamber.
4. test unit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described burner is diffusion flame burner.
5. test unit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described first operation valve and the second operation valve are ball valve or gate valve.
6. test unit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described flow counts glass rotameter.
7. test unit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described transparent combustion chamber is rectangular parallelepiped.
8. test unit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described Gas Pipe, air hose, primary air piping and secondary air channel all adopt extension flexible ventilation ducting.
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