CN102564728A - Method and experimental device for measuring flow field of human upper respiratory tract based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology - Google Patents
Method and experimental device for measuring flow field of human upper respiratory tract based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and an experimental device for measuring the flow field of a human upper respiratory tract based on a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology. According to the invention, a true human upper respiratory tract model is taken as a research object, and the pumping effect of a vacuum pump is utilized to ensure that gas forms a channel in the model so as to simulate the respiratory process of a human lung. The method comprises the following steps of: scattering trace particles in the flow field, irradiating the flow field of the human upper respiratory tract model by using a sheet light source generated by a laser, aligning an area to be measured in a direction vertical to the sheet light source by using a cross-frame charge coupled device (CCD) camera, recording images of the particles during double pulse laser exposure according to the scattering effect of the trace particles on light, transmitting the images into a computer, computing and analyzing, solving the velocity of a fluid in the flow field of the human upper respiratory tract model by an autocorrelation or cross-correlation algorithm, and thus obtaining the characteristics of a vortex structure of the airflow of the flow field of the human upper respiratory tract during inspiration, an evolution form of the vortex structure, and the change and a distribution form of shear stress at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomedical engineering, healthy prevention epidemic prevention technology and technical fields such as equipment, man-machine-environment systems engineering and fluid mechanics, specifically, relate to be fit to a kind of measuring method and the experimental provision that human body upper respiratory tract air velocity distribution is measured.
Background technology
The PIV technology has been widely used in various flow measurements and demonstration as a kind of basic means of the various complex flowfields of research, has had a lot of scholars this measuring technique to be applied to the research in the field of ventilating both at home and abroad.From permanent to non-permanent, low speed at a high speed, single-phase to heterogeneous; Write down whole measurement plane for information about at synchronization; Thereby obtain mobile instantaneous velocity field, fluctuation velocity field, vorticity field and eddy stress distribution etc.; Be well suited for studying the flow field survey of complex flow structures such as eddy current, turbulent flow, can realize that the convection cell territory carries out the whole audience, transient state, noiseless measurement.
The major physiological function of human respiratory is exchange oxygen and a carbon dioxide between atmosphere and blood, keeps the interior organizations at different levels of body and carries out metabolic needed gaseous environment.The human body upper respiratory tract is the important component part of respiratory system, is the main thoroughfare that human body and external environment are carried out gas exchange.Along with increase, the continuous deterioration of atmospheric environment and the development of healthy prevention epidemic prevention technology that international bio-terrorism threatens, the importance of air motion research in the human body upper respiratory tract is paid close attention to by people gradually.Existing researchist has carried out correlative study to human body upper respiratory tract flow field both at home and abroad, and has obtained certain achievement.But at present research still has limitation: the one, and adopt Computer Simulation research more and experimental study is less; The 2nd, the experimental study majority is confined to single mouthful of laryngophantom, nasal cavity model or bronchus model, and shortage arrives the complete human body upper respiratory tract Study of model of preceding tertiary bronchus to comprising the oral cavity; The 3rd, used model mostly is a simplified model, and overview gets up to be mainly reflected in following five aspects: 1) all suppose rigid plane, do not consider the flexible influence of wall; 2) the true respiratory flow in the human body upper respiratory tract is the process of typical fluid-structure reciprocation influence, and solid to carry out the research of this first-class-coupled problem less, Gu shortage convection current-coupling phenomenon systemic and in-depth knowledge; 3) the glottis shape changes with respiratory flow, and the air motion in the upper respiratory tract is had significant effects, yet the glottis shape dynamically changes with respiratory flow continuously the downstream airflow effect on structure is not also understood fully; 4) existing research is seldom considered cartilage structure carrying out supposing that all the respiratory tract wall is smooth when air motion is analyzed; 5) human lung's asymmetry is the important feature of lung model, and still less to this asymmetric sex research at present, its influence to air motion is not reached common understanding as yet; The 4th, only limit to research both at home and abroad to whole air current composition form.
Human body upper respiratory tract air motion is isothermal, incompressible flowing, and in most cases is the turbulent flows of laminar flow or low reynolds number.Simultaneously; Vortex structure characteristic and evolution form thereof are the distinguishing features of upper respiratory tract air motion phenomenon; The respiratory air flow motion receives multifactorial influences such as breathing pattern, respiratory tract design feature, wall mucus; Experience is changeed twist process to turbulent transition and by the large scale vortex structure to the turbulent flow of microvortex structural transition by laminar flow, changes to twist forming comparatively complicated air motion form such as vortex structure, separation flow, secondary flow in the process in turbulent flow, and its interior flow field is very complicated.
Just under this background, comprise from the oral cavity to the real human body upper respiratory tract model of preceding tertiary bronchus through foundation, conceive a kind of based on the PIV technology human body upper respiratory tract flow field measurement method and develop experimental provision.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is; Overcome the deficiency that exists in the prior art; Through setting up real human body upper respiratory tract model; Be equipped with equipment and equipment such as vacuum pump, solenoid valve, flowmeter, vacuum chamber, smog mixing cabin; And, a kind of measuring method and the experimental provision that can measure human body upper respiratory tract flow field air motion characteristic, vortex structure characteristic and evolution form under stable state and two kinds of situation of transient state, shear stress variation and distribute is provided by the PIV test macro that laser instrument, CCD camera, aerosol producer and computer etc. are formed.
Human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision of the present invention is achieved through following technical proposals, and said experimental provision comprises real human body upper respiratory tract model, air-channel system and PIV test macro;
Said real human body upper respiratory tract model comprises oral cavity, uvula, pharyngeal, epiglottis, throat, glottis, pears shape nest, tracheae and preceding tertiary bronchus; The oral cavity import of said model is reduced to circle, and the oral cavity cavity is an arch, the import along continuous straight runs in oral cavity; Upper wall is near pharyngeal antetheca place in the oral cavity for said model uvula, and height is 6.14mm; The pharyngeal out-of-shape of said model, sagittal plain be greater than crown position, pharyngeal and oral cavity bottom smooth connection; The said model throat sound door opening in below, epiglottis is in the inner projection of pharynx, and epiglottis is connected through cast with glottis, and epiglottis is at least apart from pharyngeal bottom 20mm; Said pears shape nest is positioned at both sides, throat bottom; Said model glottis and tracheae smooth connection; Said model master tracheae connects two secondary bronchuses respectively; The secondary bronchus connects the length tertiary bronchus different with number respectively, the long 134.69mm of main tracheae, and bronchuses at different levels are different in size; Above-mentioned tracheae smooth connection forms, and said bronchus is with respect to main tracheae asymmetric distribution;
Said air-channel system comprises vacuum pump, vacuum chamber, solenoid valve, flowmeter, ratio adjusting valve and smog mixing cabin; First vacuum air-channel comprises first vacuum pump and first vacuum chamber; Being connected solenoid valve four between said first vacuum pump and first vacuum chamber enters the mouth with real human body upper respiratory tract model with smog mixings cabin respectively through the pipeline that sets gradually solenoid valve five, first ratio adjusting valve and flowmeter five with flowmeter four, the first vacuum chamber and is connected; Second vacuum air-channel comprises second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber; Be connected second solenoid valve and second between said second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber and pass through flowmeter; Be connected solenoid valve one and flowmeter one between said second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber; Second vacuum chamber is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal respectively through the pipeline that sets gradually solenoid valve two, second ratio adjusting valve, flowmeter two and flowmeter three, and smog mixing cabin is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal respectively through the pipeline that solenoid valve six, solenoid valve seven are set;
Said PIV test macro by pulsed laser, stride frame CCD camera, isochronous controller, aerosol producer, trace particle and computer and form; Said pulsed laser places real human body upper respiratory tract model homonymy; Saidly stride the sheet laser direction that frame CCD camera vertically places pulsed laser to produce over against real human body upper respiratory tract model; Said isochronous controller connects pulsed laser, strides frame CCD camera and computer; Said trace particle places in the aerosol generator, and the aerosol generator output terminal places the smog mixed cabin indoor.
Said model is pharyngeal, and to be sagittal plain greater than crown position irregularly shaped.Said model left side one-level bronchus length is greater than right side one-level bronchus, the said model left and right sides lean on secondary bronchus length down respectively greater than homonymy by last secondary bronchus length, the bronchus length of said tertiary bronchus difference.Said model right side leans on last secondary bronchus to connect three tertiary bronchuses, and other secondary bronchuses respectively connect two tertiary bronchuses that length is different.
The present invention is based on the experimental technique of the human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision of PIV technology; Through measurement, obtain human body upper respiratory tract flow field air motion characteristic, vortex structure characteristic and evolution form under stable state breathing pattern and the circulatory and respiratory pattern, shear stress variation and distribution form respectively to different breathing patterns, respiratory rate.
The present invention can more accurately measure the interior air-flow vortex structure characteristic of the human body upper respiratory tract flow field air motion characteristic and the ability human body upper respiratory tract and the variation and the distribution form of evolution form and shear stress thereof through integrated real human body upper respiratory tract model, air-path control system and PI V test macro.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a real human body upper respiratory tract model synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an air-channel system synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a PIV measuring system synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention simulates the expiratory phase synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that the present invention simulates the expiration phase synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified.
As shown in Figure 1, hardware system of the present invention comprises real human body upper respiratory tract model, air-channel system and PIV test macro three parts.
Shown in Figure 2 is real human body upper respiratory tract model, and model comprises oral cavity 41, uvula, pharyngeal 42, epiglottis, throat, glottis, pears shape nest 43, tracheae 44 and preceding tertiary bronchus; The oral cavity import of said model is reduced to circle, and the oral cavity cavity is an arch, the import along continuous straight runs in oral cavity, and tongue back zone height is 33.55mm; Upper wall is near pharyngeal antetheca place in the oral cavity for said model uvula, and height is 6.14mm; The pharyngeal out-of-shape of said model, sagittal plain be greater than crown position, pharyngeal and oral cavity bottom smooth connection; The said model throat sound door opening in below, epiglottis is in the inner projection of pharynx, and epiglottis is connected through cast with glottis, epiglottis back zone height 41.92mm; Said model pears shape nest is positioned at both sides, throat bottom; Said model glottis and tracheae smooth connection; Said model master tracheae 44 connects two secondary bronchuses 45 respectively; The secondary bronchus connects the length tertiary bronchus different with number 45 respectively, the long 134.69mm of main tracheae, and bronchuses at different levels are different in size; Above-mentioned tracheae smooth connection forms, and said bronchus is with respect to main tracheae asymmetric distribution; Said model is based on normal human's upper respiratory tract CT scan image; Utilization high vision treatment technology carries out standardization processing and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction human body upper respiratory tract model; Real human body upper respiratory tract model data after rebuilding is input to the SPS600 fast forming machine; Adopt rapid laser-shaping technique, make transparent resin real human body upper respiratory tract model.
As shown in Figure 3, said air-channel system comprises first vacuum pump 25, second vacuum pump 2, first vacuum chamber 28, second vacuum chamber 5, solenoid valve 1, solenoid valve 26, solenoid valve 3 16, solenoid valve 4 26, solenoid valve 5 29, solenoid valve 6 32, solenoid valve 7 39, flowmeter 1, flowmeter 28, flowmeter 3 15, flowmeter 4 27, flowmeter 5 31, first ratio adjusting valve 30, second ratio adjusting valve 7 and smog mixing cabin 17; First vacuum air-channel comprises first vacuum pump and first vacuum chamber; Be connected solenoid valve 4 26 and flowmeter 4 27 between said first vacuum pump and first vacuum chamber; First vacuum chamber is connected with real human body upper respiratory tract model inlet with smog mixing cabin respectively through the pipeline that sets gradually solenoid valve 5 29, first ratio adjusting valve 30 and flowmeter five, and the pipeline that is connected with smog mixing cabin is provided with solenoid valve 3 16; Second vacuum air-channel comprises second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber; Be connected solenoid valve 1 and flowmeter 1 between said second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber; Second vacuum chamber is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal respectively through the pipeline that sets gradually solenoid valve 26, second ratio adjusting valve 7, flowmeter 28 and flowmeter 3 15, and smog mixing cabin is connected with the tertiary bronchus end respectively through the pipeline that solenoid valve 6 32, solenoid valve 7 39 are set.Each device connects through flexible pipe, and the junction installs pagoda joint and larynx hoop additional, guarantees that whole gas circuit has good sealing property; Said vacuum pump is used to provide source of the gas, makes vacuum chamber form the relative vacuum state; Said vacuum chamber 5 is used for imitating the human lung; Said solenoid valve is a closed type control air circuit breaker; Said flowmeter is in order to the observation flow; The flow control of said ratio adjusting valve in order to realize that human circulation is breathed; Said smog mixing cabin is in order to the storage trace particle and play buffer action.
Shown in accompanying drawing 4, said PIV test macro comprises pulsed laser 19, strides frame CCD camera 21, isochronous controller 23, aerosol producer 18, trace particle 24 and computing machine 22, and said pulsed laser places real human body upper respiratory tract model homonymy; Saidly stride sheet laser 20 directions that frame CCD camera vertically places pulsed laser to produce over against real human body upper respiratory tract model; Said isochronous controller connects pulsed laser, strides frame CCD camera and computer; Said trace particle places in the aerosol generator, and the aerosol generator output terminal places the smog mixed cabin indoor.
Experimental technique based on the technological human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision of PIV; Through measurement, obtain human body upper respiratory tract flow field air motion characteristic, vortex structure characteristic and evolution form under stable state breathing pattern and the circulatory and respiratory pattern, shear stress variation and distribution form respectively to different breathing patterns, respiratory rate.The concrete realization detailed as follows:
Shown in accompanying drawing 5, during the experiment of expiratory phase stable state, solenoid valve one 3 energisings; Open second vacuum pump 2; Observe the gas that second vacuum chamber 5 is drawn out of through flowmeter 1, treat that second vacuum chamber 5 forms relative vacuum after, make solenoid valve one 3 outages close second vacuum pump 2 simultaneously; Make solenoid valve 3 16 and solenoid valve 26 energisings then; Make second ratio adjusting valve 7 keep constant degree; Observe the flow that enters into gas in the model from human body upper respiratory tract model porch through flowmeter 28, flowmeter 3 15; Open laser instrument 19 and adjust laser energy, form sheet laser 20 and shine human body upper respiratory tract model 1, utilize isochronous controller 23 to stride control frame CCD camera 21 and aim at zone to be measured with the vertical plate light source direction; With 24 pairs of scattering of light effects of trace particle; The image of particle when noting the exposure of twice pulse laser forms two width of cloth PIV egative films (being a pair of identical zone to be measured, different picture constantly) in whole zone to be measured, and captured image is imported in the computing machine 22; Adopt image processing techniques that the gained image is divided into many very little zones (be called and interrogate the district), use auto-correlation or simple crosscorrelation statistical technique to ask for the size and Orientation of interrogating particle displacement in the district, set interpulse period, and the particle's velocity vector can be obtained; The data of interrogating all particles in the district are carried out statistical average can this interrogate the velocity in district, all is interrogated the district carry out above-mentioned judgement and add up drawing whole velocity vector field; Said PIV test philosophy is formulated as:
In the formula, v
x, v
yBe the instantaneous velocity of water particle along x, y direction,
Be the average velocity of water particle, the time interval of Δ t for measuring along x, y direction; Utilize Insight software in the computing machine 22 can obtain the variation and the distribution form of human body upper respiratory tract flow field air-flow vortex structure characteristic when air-breathing and evolution form and shear stress simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 6, during the experiment of expiration phase stable state, solenoid valve 4 26 energisings; Open first vacuum pump 25; Observe the gas that second vacuum chamber 28 is drawn out of through flowmeter 4 27, treat that second vacuum chamber 28 forms relative vacuum after, make solenoid valve 4 26 outages close first vacuum pump 25 simultaneously; Make solenoid valve 5 29 and solenoid valve 6 32, solenoid valve 7 39 energisings then; Make first ratio adjusting valve 30 keep constant degree; Observe the flow that enters into gas in the model from human body upper respiratory tract model bronchus end through flowmeter 5 31; Open laser instrument 19 and adjust laser energy; Form sheet laser 20 and shine human body upper respiratory tract model 1, utilize isochronous controller 23 to stride control frame CCD camera 21 and aim at zone to be measured with the vertical plate light source direction and take, down with the expiratory phase experimental procedure.
During the transient state respiration test, according to general physiology general knowledge, the respiration rate of people's per minute is about 15 times, and therefore a respiratory cycle is about 4 seconds.We in a respiratory cycle, exhale at supposition and air-breathing process was respectively 2 seconds, and the supposition gas velocity is the sine function of time.Utilize first ratio adjusting valve 30 and second ratio adjusting valve 7 all to regulate whole gas circuit airflow pattern by sinusoidal variations, because of the two all can realize sinusoidal wave half period, and airflow direction is opposite, so the respiratory cycle can be realized complete sinusoidal wave form.Therefore, the transient state respiration test repeats above step, as long as can realize by sinusoidal variations and each time of breathing of control through regulating ratio adjusting valve.
Claims (5)
1. the human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision based on the PIV technology is characterized in that said experimental provision comprises real human body upper respiratory tract model, air-channel system and PIV test macro;
Said real human body upper respiratory tract model comprises oral cavity, uvula, pharyngeal, epiglottis, throat, glottis, pears shape nest, main tracheae, secondary bronchus and tertiary bronchus; The oral cavity import of said model is reduced to circle, and the oral cavity cavity is an arch, the import along continuous straight runs in oral cavity; Upper wall is near pharyngeal antetheca place in the oral cavity for said model uvula, and height is 6.14mm; Said pharyngeal smooth connection bottom the oral cavity; The said model throat sound door opening in below, epiglottis is in the inner projection of pharynx, and epiglottis is connected through cast with glottis, and epiglottis is at least apart from pharyngeal bottom 20mm; Said pears shape nest is positioned at both sides, throat bottom; Said glottis and tracheae smooth connection; Said model master tracheae connects two secondary bronchuses respectively, and the secondary bronchus connects tertiary bronchus respectively, the long 134.69mm of main tracheae,, above-mentioned tracheae smooth connection forms, and said bronchus is with respect to main tracheae asymmetric distribution;
Said air-channel system comprises vacuum pump, vacuum chamber, solenoid valve, flowmeter, ratio adjusting valve and smog mixing cabin; First vacuum air-channel comprises first vacuum pump and first vacuum chamber; Being connected solenoid valve four between said first vacuum pump and first vacuum chamber enters the mouth with real human body upper respiratory tract model with smog mixings cabin respectively through the pipeline that sets gradually solenoid valve five, first ratio adjusting valve and flowmeter five with flowmeter four, the first vacuum chamber and is connected; Second vacuum air-channel comprises second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber; Be connected second solenoid valve and second between said second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber and pass through flowmeter; Be connected solenoid valve one and flowmeter one between said second vacuum pump and second vacuum chamber; Second vacuum chamber is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal respectively through the pipeline that sets gradually solenoid valve two, second ratio adjusting valve, flowmeter two and flowmeter three, and smog mixing cabin is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal respectively through the pipeline that solenoid valve six, solenoid valve seven are set;
Said PIV test macro by pulsed laser, stride frame CCD camera, isochronous controller, aerosol producer, trace particle and computer and form; Said pulsed laser places real human body upper respiratory tract model homonymy; Saidly stride the sheet laser direction that frame CCD camera vertically places pulsed laser to produce over against real human body upper respiratory tract model; Said isochronous controller connects pulsed laser, strides frame CCD camera and computer; Said trace particle places in the aerosol generator, and the aerosol generator output terminal places the smog mixed cabin indoor.
2. the human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision based on PIV technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said model is pharyngeal, and be sagittal plain greater than crown irregularly shaped.
3. the human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision based on the PIV technology according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said model left side one-level bronchus length is greater than right side one-level bronchus; The said model left and right sides by under secondary bronchus length lean on last secondary bronchus length greater than homonymy respectively, the bronchus length of said tertiary bronchus is different.
4. the human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision based on the PIV technology according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said model right side leans on last secondary bronchus to connect three tertiary bronchuses, and other secondary bronchuses respectively connect two tertiary bronchuses that length is different.
5. the experimental technique based on the technological human body upper respiratory tract flow field survey experimental provision of PIV according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Through measurement, obtain human body upper respiratory tract flow field air motion characteristic, vortex structure characteristic and evolution form under stable state breathing pattern and the circulatory and respiratory pattern, shear stress variation and distribution form respectively to different breathing patterns, respiratory rate.
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| CN111366744A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-03 | 东北大学 | Measuring system and measuring method for internal flow field of dry vacuum pump |
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| CN107271337A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-10-20 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院卫生装备研究所 | A kind of human body alveolar aerosol deposition measurement experiment system |
| CN107271337B (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2023-09-15 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院卫生装备研究所 | Human alveolus aerosol deposition measurement experiment system |
| CN109712501A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-05-03 | 浙江大学 | A kind of underground traffic ALT-CH alternate channel fire simulation experiment platform |
| CN109712501B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2024-02-02 | 浙江大学 | Underground traffic conversion channel fire simulation experiment platform |
| CN109596310A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-09 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of pipeline fray-out of flame spray head flow field PIV test device |
| CN111366744A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-03 | 东北大学 | Measuring system and measuring method for internal flow field of dry vacuum pump |
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