CN115290576A - Self-inserting type soil plough layer detection device and method - Google Patents
Self-inserting type soil plough layer detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115290576A CN115290576A CN202210948884.8A CN202210948884A CN115290576A CN 115290576 A CN115290576 A CN 115290576A CN 202210948884 A CN202210948884 A CN 202210948884A CN 115290576 A CN115290576 A CN 115290576A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/255—Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-plugging type soil plough layer detection device and a method, comprising a self-plugging type probe, a spectrometer and a power supply; the self-inserting probe comprises a shell, a glass window, a fiber probe, a first reflector, a light source and a baffle; the shell is a cylindrical shell with a conical head, and a glass window is arranged on the wall of the cylindrical shell; the optical fiber probe is arranged on the inner side of the glass window and is connected with the spectrometer through an optical fiber; a first reflector is arranged on the inner side of the glass window, and a light source is arranged above the first reflector; and a baffle is arranged on the inner side of the glass window, and a spectrum test reference material plate is arranged on the baffle. The invention solves the problem of in-situ real-time detection of soil profile components at different plough layer depths based on spectral reflectivity, effectively reduces the diameter of a probe embedded in the soil by utilizing the combined design of the optical fiber and the reflector, further meets the actual production requirement of agriculture, and can also carry out in-situ measurement of the soil profile components during the growth period of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectrum detection devices, and particularly relates to a self-inserting type soil plough layer detection device and method.
Background
Soil quality determines the quality of the crop and its yield in the agricultural production process. In actual production, the phenomenon that farmers overuse fertilizers for pursuing high yield is frequently seen, which causes problems of soil structure destruction, soil quality reduction, human food safety and the like. Therefore, the accurate acquisition of the actual soil component content and distribution condition has important significance in realizing accurate fertilization and farmland management.
At present, the technology for performing chemical measurement of soil properties in a laboratory is mature, but a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed in the chemical experiment process, the cost is high, and the real-time property is lacked. In recent years, the visible-near infrared spectrum technology is also widely applied to soil detection, and spectral measurement in a laboratory also faces a series of treatments of transporting back a sample, grinding, crushing, sieving and the like, so that soil attribute information cannot be acquired quickly in time, and certain limitations are realized. Therefore, the method has important significance for realizing real-time analysis of soil properties by rapidly acquiring the in-situ soil information in the field, can further realize three-dimensional mapping of the field soil by processing the soil profile information, and provides scientific basis for precise soil management in time. In the actual crop production process, researches on field soil property detection by using Vis-NIR spectroscopy and corresponding patents have been reported, but relevant reports have not been retrieved by equipment for field in-situ measurement of soil profile information. In order to reduce the influence of the embedded detection device in soil on the growth of crops in the acquisition of soil profile information, the diameter of the embedded device is as small as possible, otherwise, the actual agricultural production is hindered, a specific structural process is required to meet the appropriate device cavity size and reach the spectrum detection standard, and an appropriate internal design is provided to meet the acquisition of the soil profile information. Meanwhile, when in-situ measurement is carried out in the field, the influence of factors such as ambient light, soil moisture, soil texture and field crop stubble needs to be considered, the technical problems of reproducibility of acquired data, avoidance of influence of ambient light, improvement of spectrometer measurement accuracy and the like in the process of acquiring soil profile information need to be further explored and solved. Finally, the detection device should ensure stable and intelligent measurement so as to be popularized and applied better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a self-inserting soil plough layer detection device and a self-inserting soil plough layer detection method, which are used for detecting the spectral information of a field soil section in situ and in real time.
The technical scheme of the invention is that a self-plugging soil plough layer detection device comprises a self-plugging probe, a spectrometer and a power supply; the self-plugging probe comprises a shell, a glass window, an optical fiber probe, a first reflector, a light source and a baffle; the shell is a cylindrical shell with a conical head, a glass window is arranged on the wall of the cylindrical shell, a cover plate is arranged at the upper end of the cylindrical shell, and a handle rod is fixed at the upper end of the cover plate; the optical fiber probe is arranged on the inner side of the glass window and is connected with the spectrometer through an optical fiber; a first reflector is arranged on the inner side of the glass window, the first reflector forms an angle of 45 degrees with the central line of the glass window, a light source is arranged above the first reflector, and the central axis of the light source forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first reflector; a baffle is arranged on the inner side of the glass window, the baffle can slide up and down, and a spectrum test reference material plate is arranged on the baffle; the power supply supplies power to the spectrometer and the light source.
The glass window is a sapphire glass window or a quartz glass window.
The central axis of the optical fiber probe forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the central line of the glass window.
The light source is an external light source, is arranged outside the self-plugging probe and is led above the first reflector in the self-plugging probe through an optical fiber.
And a second reflecting mirror is arranged in front of the optical fiber probe.
The optical fiber probe is externally connected with the optical fiber probe, is arranged outside the self-plugging probe and is led to the upper part of the second reflector in the self-plugging probe through the optical fiber.
The end surface of the optical fiber connected with the external light source is manufactured into a whole with the first reflector; the end face of the optical fiber connected with the external optical fiber probe is manufactured with the second reflector into a whole.
The baffle is an annular baffle, the baffle can rotate left and right, and a spectrum test reference material plate is arranged on the annular baffle.
The handle rod is provided with scales.
A self-inserting soil plough layer detection method comprises the following steps:
1) According to detection requirements, a corresponding spectrometer and a halogen light source meeting the wave band requirements are equipped, and the self-plugging type soil plough layer component spectrum in-situ detection device is carried to a target detection point;
2) Pushing the baffle plate to the glass window to perform spectral measurement on the spectral test reference material, withdrawing the baffle plate after the measurement is finished, and closing the light source to obtain a dark measurement value so as to correct the drift of the light source and the spectrometer;
3) Inserting the self-inserting probe into soil, obtaining soil plough layer spectral information through control software of a computer after the self-inserting probe reaches an ideal measuring position, and recording corresponding soil plough layer depth information according to the scale value on the handle rod;
4) The self-plugging probe can be further rotated and inserted according to actual needs until the self-plugging probe is inserted to the maximum measurement depth;
5) By means of MatLab software, spectrum preprocessing, abnormal value identification and elimination and characteristic wavelength extraction are carried out on the acquired soil plough layer spectrum information, and a quantitative prediction model of soil plough layer components is established, so that the field real-time detection of the soil plough layer components is realized.
The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device and method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
1. the invention solves the problem of in-situ real-time detection of soil profile components at different plough layer depths based on spectral reflectivity, effectively reduces the diameter of the probe embedded in the soil by utilizing the combined design of the optical fiber probe and the reflector, further meets the requirement of agricultural actual production, can perform in-situ measurement of the soil profile components during the growth period of crops, and does not leave large-area soil holes to influence the agricultural production.
2. The double functions of clinging to the soil plough layer and the cover plate structure through the glass window effectively reduce the influence of external stray light on the acquisition result of the spectrometer. Meanwhile, a baffle plate of a spectrum test reference material plate and a light source switch capable of controlling the light source switch are arranged, and the drift of the spectrograph and the light source is compensated through reference measurement and dark measurement.
3. Soil information of different plough layer depths can be obtained through the scales on the handle rod.
4. The spectrograph and the light source are convenient to replace, strong in adaptability and high in probe integration level, so that adverse effects on the stability of the detection device caused by operations such as replacement of the light source are reduced to the greatest extent.
5. The computer is used for controlling the spectrometer to acquire information and display the spectrum in real time, so that the operation is simple, the universality is high, and the practicability and convenience of in-situ detection of the soil plough layer profile components by using the spectrum technology are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a self-plugging probe.
Fig. 2 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a self-plugging soil plough layer detection device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another self-plugging probe.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another self-plugging probe of fig. 3 at the center of the sapphire window.
Reference numerals in the drawings indicate:
1. self-inserting probe, 2 spectrometer, 3 power supply, 4 light source switch
101. The device comprises a shell, 102 sapphire windows, 103 optical fiber probes, 104 first reflectors, 105 light sources, 106 baffles, 107 cover plates, 108 handle rods, 109 optical fibers, 110 spectral test reference material plates, 111 power lines, 112 clamping grooves, 113 clamping buckles, 114 second reflectors, 115 gear rods, 116 annular baffles, 117 light source optical fibers, 118 retaining rings
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention or its applications.
Examples
A self-inserting soil plough layer detection device and method according to the embodiment are shown in fig. 1 to 4.
In this embodiment, the glass window is a sapphire glass window, for short.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the self-plugging soil plough layer detection device of the present embodiment includes a self-plugging probe 1, a spectrometer 2 and a power supply 3; the self-plugging probe 1 comprises a shell 101, a sapphire window 102, a fiber-optic probe 103, a first reflector 104, a light source 105 and a baffle 106; the shell 101 is a cylindrical shell with a conical head, a sapphire window 102 is arranged on the wall of the cylindrical shell, a cover plate 107 is arranged at the upper end of the cylindrical shell, a handle rod 108 is fixed at the upper end of the cover plate 107, scales are arranged on the handle rod 108, the handle rod 108 is a hollow tube, and an optical fiber 109 and a power cord 111 are led out from the hollow tube; the optical fiber probe 103 is arranged inside the sapphire window 102 and is connected with the spectrometer 2 through an optical fiber 109; a first reflecting mirror 104 is arranged on the inner side of the sapphire window 102, the first reflecting mirror 104 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the central line of the sapphire window 102, a light source 105 is arranged above the first reflecting mirror 104, and the central axis of the light source 105 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first reflecting mirror 104; a baffle 106 is arranged on the inner side of the sapphire window 102, the baffle 106 can slide up and down, and a spectrum test reference material plate 110 is arranged on the baffle 106; the power supply 3 supplies power to the spectrometer 2 and to the light source 105 via the power line 111 and the light source switch 4.
In this embodiment, the central axis of the fiber-optic probe 103 forms an angle of 45 ° with the center line of the sapphire window 102, so that better spectrum information can be collected.
A clamping groove 112 is arranged below the sapphire window 102 on the inner side of the casing 101 and used as a lower slide limiting block of the baffle 106, and a buckle 113 is arranged on the cover plate 107 and used for fixing the upper limit position of the baffle 106.
Be provided with the sealing washer between apron 107 and the shell 101, prevent that external dust, steam from getting into shell 101, the airtight structural design of shell 101 effectively reduces the influence that environmental factor such as stray light led to the fact the measuring result.
The shell 101 is designed to be a pointed end, so that the self-inserting type probe 1 can be inserted into soil conveniently, and time and labor are saved.
In this embodiment, the spectrometer 2 is a portable spectrometer.
The sapphire window 102, the fiber probe 103, the first reflector 104 and the light source 105 in the self-inserting probe 1 realize the following light transmission processes: light energy emitted from the light source 105 forms horizontal light rays through the reflection action of the first reflector 104, the horizontal light rays vertically pass through the sapphire window 102 and irradiate on external soil in contact with the shell 101, light scattered or diffusely reflected in the soil enters the optical fiber probe 103 through the sapphire window 102, and the optical fiber probe 103 receives the reflected light and then directly sends the reflected light into the optical fiber 109 and then transmits the reflected light to the spectrometer 2. The spectrometer 2 is connected with a computer through a USB cable. The parameters of the spectrometer 2 can be regulated and controlled in real time by control software installed in the computer.
Before the soil spectral measurement work starts, the baffle 106 is moved to the clamping groove 112, the light source 105 irradiates the spectral test reference material plate 110 through the action of the first reflector 104, and then the reference material information is transmitted to the optical fiber probe 103, so that the reference material measurement is completed. After the collection is finished, the baffle 106 is pulled back, the baffle 106 is fixed by the buckle 113 on the cover plate 107, and normal soil profile attribute in-situ detection can be carried out. Meanwhile, the power line 111 is provided with a light source switch 4 capable of controlling the light source 105, the light source 105 is turned off and then the optical fiber probe 103 obtains a dark measurement value. The acquired reference and dark measurements can be used to correct for drift of the light source 105 and the spectrometer 2.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the light source 105 may be an external light source 105, and the external light source 105 is disposed in the housing of the power supply 3 outside the self-plugging probe 1 and is led above the first reflector 104 inside the self-plugging probe 1 through the light source fiber 117. The design can further reduce the diameter of the self-inserting probe 1, and the halogen lamp of the light source 105 is convenient to replace and adjust.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a second mirror 114 may be disposed in front of the fiber optic probe 103. The second reflector 114 changes the light path of the incident light of the fiber probe 103, so that the optical fiber 109 connected with the fiber probe 103 does not need to be bent, the space occupied by the optical fiber 109 is reduced, and the diameter of the fiber probe 1 is favorably reduced.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the fiber-optic probe 103 may be modified to be an external fiber-optic probe 103, and the external fiber-optic probe 103 is disposed in the housing of the spectrometer 2 outside the self-plugging probe and is guided by the optical fiber 109 to the second reflector 114 inside the self-plugging probe 1. This reduces the number of components in the self-inserting probe 1, which is advantageous for reducing the diameter of the self-inserting probe 1.
Those skilled in the art will understand that the end face of the source fiber 117 connected to the external light source 105 is integrally formed with the first reflector 104; the end surface of the optical fiber 109 connected with the external optical fiber probe 103 is integrally manufactured with the second reflector 114. The structure that the optical fiber and the reflector are made into a whole is adopted, the connection structure of the optical fiber and the reflector can be simplified, and the diameter of the self-plugging probe 1 is further reduced.
The position and angle of the first mirror 104 on the end surface of the light source fiber 117 and the second mirror 114 on the end surface of the optical fiber 109 with respect to the sapphire window 102 can be adjusted according to the requirements of the spectral measurement.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the baffle 106 may instead be an annular baffle 116, the annular baffle 116 being supported by a retaining ring 118, the annular baffle 116 being rotatable to the left and right by rotation of a gear rod 115 via a gear on the gear rod 115 engaging a gear ring on the annular baffle 116, the annular baffle 116 having the plate 110 of spectral test reference material disposed thereon. When ring stop 116 is moved away from sapphire window 102, spectrometer 2 can perform normal soil detection operations; when the plate of spectral test reference material 110 on the annular baffle 116 is rotated to the position of the sapphire window 102, the spectrometer 2 can perform reference material measurement; when the baffle on ring baffle 116 is rotated into position over sapphire window 102, the spectrometer 2 can perform dark measurement operations.
The self-inserting probe 1 is connected to the handle bar 108 by means of a screw thread.
A self-inserting soil plough layer detection method comprises the following steps:
1) According to detection requirements, a corresponding spectrometer 2 and a halogen light source 105 meeting the wave band requirements are arranged, and the self-plugging soil plough layer component spectrum in-situ detection device is carried to a target detection point;
2) Pushing the baffle 106 to the sapphire window 102 for spectrum measurement of the spectrum test reference material, withdrawing the baffle 106 after the measurement is finished, and turning off the light source 105 to obtain a dark measurement value so as to correct the drift of the light source 105 and the spectrometer 2;
3) Inserting the self-inserting probe 1 into soil, obtaining soil plough layer spectral information through control software of a computer after the self-inserting probe reaches an ideal measuring position, and recording corresponding soil plough layer depth information according to the scale value on the handle rod 108;
4) The self-inserting probe 1 can be further rotated and inserted according to actual requirements until the maximum measurement depth is inserted;
5) By means of MatLab software, spectrum preprocessing, abnormal value identification and elimination and characteristic wavelength extraction are carried out on the acquired soil plough layer spectrum information, and a quantitative prediction model of soil plough layer components is established, so that the soil plough layer components are detected on site in real time.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-inserting soil plough layer detection device is characterized in that: comprises a self-plugging probe, a spectrometer and a power supply; the self-plugging probe comprises a shell, a glass window, an optical fiber probe, a first reflector, a light source and a baffle; the shell is a cylindrical shell with a conical head, a glass window is arranged on the wall of the cylindrical shell, a cover plate is arranged at the upper end of the cylindrical shell, and a handle rod is fixed at the upper end of the cover plate; the optical fiber probe is arranged on the inner side of the glass window and is connected with the spectrometer through an optical fiber; a first reflector is arranged on the inner side of the glass window, the first reflector forms an angle of 45 degrees with the central line of the glass window, a light source is arranged above the first reflector, and the central axis of the light source forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first reflector; a baffle is arranged on the inner side of the glass window, the baffle can slide up and down, and a spectrum test reference material plate is arranged on the baffle; the power supply supplies power to the spectrometer and the light source.
2. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the glass window is a sapphire glass window or a quartz glass window.
3. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the central axis of the optical fiber probe forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the central line of the glass window.
4. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light source is an external light source, is arranged outside the self-plugging probe and is led to the upper part of the first reflector in the self-plugging probe through an optical fiber.
5. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a second reflector is arranged in front of the optical fiber probe.
6. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optical fiber probe is an external optical fiber probe, is arranged outside the self-plugging probe and is led above the second reflector in the self-plugging probe through an optical fiber.
7. A self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: the end surface of the optical fiber connected with the external light source is manufactured into a whole with the first reflector; the end surface of the optical fiber connected with the external optical fiber probe is manufactured into a whole with the second reflector.
8. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the baffle is an annular baffle, the baffle can rotate left and right, and a spectrum test reference material plate is arranged on the annular baffle.
9. The self-inserting soil plough layer detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the handle rod is provided with scales.
10. A self-inserting soil plough layer detection method is characterized in that: the detection method comprises the following steps:
1) A corresponding spectrometer and a halogen light source meeting the wave band requirement are arranged according to the detection requirement, and the self-plugging soil plough layer component spectrum in-situ detection device is carried to a target detection point;
2) Pushing the baffle plate to the glass window to perform spectral measurement on the spectral test reference material, withdrawing the baffle plate after the measurement is finished, and closing the light source to obtain a dark measurement value so as to correct the drift of the light source and the spectrometer;
3) Inserting the self-inserting probe into soil, obtaining soil plough layer spectral information through control software of a computer after the self-inserting probe reaches an ideal measuring position, and recording corresponding soil plough layer depth information according to the scale value on the handle rod;
4) The self-inserting probe can be further rotated and inserted according to actual requirements until the self-inserting probe is inserted to the maximum measuring depth;
5) By means of MatLab software, spectrum preprocessing, abnormal value identification and elimination and characteristic wavelength extraction are carried out on the acquired soil plough layer spectrum information, and a quantitative prediction model of soil plough layer components is established, so that the field real-time detection of the soil plough layer components is realized.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117589703A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Penetration type hyperspectral imaging detection device and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117589703A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Penetration type hyperspectral imaging detection device and method |
| CN117589703B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-05-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Penetration type hyperspectral imaging detection device and method |
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