CN115290060B - Prism and measuring method - Google Patents
Prism and measuring method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115290060B CN115290060B CN202211187833.4A CN202211187833A CN115290060B CN 115290060 B CN115290060 B CN 115290060B CN 202211187833 A CN202211187833 A CN 202211187833A CN 115290060 B CN115290060 B CN 115290060B
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- Prior art keywords
- prism
- measurement
- guide rod
- installation state
- prism body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/02—Means for marking measuring points
- G01C15/06—Surveyors' staffs; Movable markers
- G01C15/08—Plumbing or registering staffs or markers over ground marks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/1805—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for prisms
Abstract
The invention relates to a prism and a measuring method, wherein the prism comprises a bracket, a prism body and a guide rod; the prism body is arranged on the bracket and at least comprises a first installation state; the guide rod is mounted on the prism body and extends to the back of the prism body; in the first installation state, the tail end of the guide rod is used for calibrating the measurement reference position of the prism. The device has the advantages of simple structure, capability of meeting the requirements of different measurement scenes and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and surveying and mapping, in particular to a prism and a measurement method, and particularly relates to the prism and the measurement method which can be used for measuring wide space and measuring measurement points of vertical surfaces such as wall surfaces and narrow spaces such as wall corners.
Background
The prism is generally used in cooperation with a total station in measurement and mapping, and serves as signal reflection equipment of the total station. As shown in fig. 1, when the distance between the AB point and the B point needs to be measured, the prism and the total station are respectively erected directly above the a point and the B point (i.e. the measurement reference axis passes through the measurement point and is vertical to the horizontal plane, the measurement reference axis is a virtual axis, for the prism equipment in the prior art, the axis of the centering rod is generally used for calibration, that is, the centering rod is arranged at the measurement point and makes the centering rod vertical), the total station transmits a signal (such as a laser signal) to the prism and receives a signal reflected by the prism, so that the distance between the total station and the prism surface (since the optical reflection principle of the prism itself is complex, the prism surface in this patent refers to a theoretical reflection surface, as shown in fig. 1) can be measured, the distance between the AB point is L, the distance between the prism surface and the measurement reference axis of the prism reflected by the prism is a prism constant, and the distance between the AB point can be determined according to the distance L and the prism constant.
However, since the prism itself has a certain thickness and width, when a wall surface or a corner, etc. is measured (as shown in fig. 2 and 3), even if the prism is placed in close contact with the wall surface or the corner, the measurement reference axis of the prism cannot be made to be in close contact with the wall surface or the corner, but there is a distance D1 or D2, that is, in this case, the distance data measured by the total station is actually the distance between the total station and the measurement reference axis of the prism (in the prior art, the position of the measurement reference axis of the prism is shown by the black dot in fig. 2 and 3), that is, there is an error value D1 or D2 with the distance between the total station and the wall surface or the corner to be actually measured.
Therefore, the prism in the prior art is difficult to meet the application requirements of measurement, the research on the prism which has a simple structure and meets the requirements of various measurement scenes has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the prism and the measuring method thereof, wherein the prism has a simple structure and meets the requirements of different measuring scenes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a prism comprises a bracket, a prism body and a guide rod;
the prism body is arranged on the bracket and at least comprises a first installation state;
the guide rod is mounted on the prism body and extends to the back of the prism body;
in the first installation state, the tail end of the guide rod is used for calibrating the measurement reference position of the prism.
Furthermore, a centering rod interface is arranged on the support and used for installing a centering rod;
the centering rod is used for calibrating the measurement reference position of the prism in the second installation state.
Further, the distance from the measurement reference position to the prism face in the first mounting state is equal to the distance from the measurement reference position to the prism face in the second mounting state.
Furthermore, the bracket comprises a connecting part and a supporting part, wherein two ends of the connecting part are symmetrically provided with one supporting part respectively; the prism body is arranged between the two supporting parts.
Furthermore, the upper part and the lower part of the prism body are respectively provided with a level device;
or:
the back of the prism body is provided with a level device with two visible surfaces.
Furthermore, the supporting part is L-shaped or straight-line-shaped.
Further, the support comprises a cross rod, and the centering rod interface and the prism body are respectively arranged on the cross rod.
Furthermore, a scale is further arranged on the support, and the zero point position of the scale is consistent with the measurement reference position calibrated by the centering rod in the second installation state.
Further, the guide rod is arranged on the back surface of the prism body and is vertical to the prism surface.
Furthermore, the guide rod and the prism body are connected by screw threads or bayonet connection.
A method of measuring a prism, comprising a first measurement method comprising: and adjusting the prism body to a first installation state, enabling the tail end of the guide rod to abut against a point to be measured on the vertical surface to be measured, and taking the prism as a measuring reflector to measure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention sets the guide rod on the back of the prism body, and calibrates the measurement reference position of the prism by the tail end of the guide rod in the first installation state, thereby directly abutting the tail end of the guide rod against the wall surface to be measured to measure in the measurement scenes of wall surface, wall corner and the like, and eliminating the error caused by the fact that the measurement reference position of the prism cannot coincide with the point to be measured due to the thickness and the width of the prism.
2. The prism body of the invention also has a second installation state on the bracket, and the measurement reference position of the prism is calibrated by the centering rod in the second installation state, so that when measuring points to be measured in scenes such as the ground, the points to be measured on the ground can be measured only by aligning the centering rod to the positions to be measured; the prism can meet the measurement requirements of two different types of measurement scenes, such as a wall surface, a ground surface and the like.
3. The prism has the same prism constant in the first installation state and the second installation state, so that the prism can be conveniently suitable for measurement of different measurement scenes without changing the prism constant setting on the total station.
4. The guide rod of the invention adopts threaded connection or bayonet connection, and is convenient to install. The upper part and the lower part of the prism body are provided with the level device, so that when the prism is turned over on the bracket to realize the switching between the first installation state and the second installation state, the leveling of the prism body can be conveniently carried out.
5. The support is also provided with the scale, and the zero point position of the scale is consistent with the measurement reference position calibrated by the centering rod in the second installation state, so that whether the tail end of the guide rod is consistent with the zero point of the scale in the first installation state can be conveniently determined, and the error value can be conveniently determined when the tail end of the guide rod is inconsistent with the zero point of the scale, so that the correction quantity of the measurement result can be conveniently determined.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a measurement principle of a prism in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art prism that does not meet the requirement of wall measurement.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art prism that does not meet the diagonal measurement.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prism structure and a schematic diagram of a top view angle measurement principle (in a first installation state) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a prism structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention (in a first installation state).
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a top view prism structure (in a second installation state) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a prism structure according to a second embodiment of the invention (in a second installation state).
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a prism structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention (in a first mounting state).
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a prism structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention (in a second installation state).
Illustration of the drawings: 1. a prism body; 2. a guide bar; 3. a support; 4. a connecting portion; 5. a support portion; 6. a cross bar; 7. a centering rod interface; 8. a centering rod; 9. a circular bubble; 10. a scale; 11. provided is a total station.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the prism of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, includes a support, a prism body and a guide rod; the prism body is arranged on the bracket and at least comprises a first installation state; the guide rod is arranged on the prism body and extends to the back of the prism body; in the first installation state, the end of the guide rod is used for calibrating the measurement reference position of the prism.
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a prism body for measuring a vertical surface such as a wall surface in a first mounting state. When measuring, the tail end of the guide rod is abutted against a point to be measured on the wall surface, at the moment, the distance between the prism surface and the wall surface is D, the total station sends a directional signal to the prism, the signal is reflected back to the total station through the prism surface, the total station can determine that the distance between the comprehensive instrument and the prism surface is L, the prism constant of the total station is set to be D, and namely the distance between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through direct measurement of the total station and is L + D.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the bracket is provided with a centering rod interface for installing a centering rod; the centering rod is used for calibrating the measuring reference position of the prism in the second installation state. In this embodiment, the prism body can rotate on the bracket, and when the prism body rotates to the second installation state, the centering rod is used to calibrate the measurement reference position of the prism, and at this time, the distance between the prism surface and the measurement reference position is D1 (i.e. the prism constant in the second installation state). When in measurement, the centering rod is aligned to the point to be measured on the ground, and the distance L between the total station and the prism surface can be measured by the same measurement principle as the measurement principle, namely the distance L + D1 between the total station and the point to be measured can be directly measured by the total station.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the distance from the measurement reference position to the prism face in the first mounting state is equal to the distance from the measurement reference position to the prism face in the second mounting state. That is, by setting the length of the guide rod, D in fig. 4 can be made to be identical to D1 in fig. 6, and D = D1, that is, in the first installation state and the second installation state, the prism constant is the same, so that the prism constant is the same for both the wall surface measurement scene shown in fig. 4 and the ground surface measurement scene shown in fig. 1, that is, when the measurement scene is changed, the prism constant does not need to be modified on the total station, and the use is more convenient.
In this embodiment, the bracket includes a connecting portion and a supporting portion, and two ends of the connecting portion are symmetrically provided with one supporting portion respectively; the prism body is arranged between the two supporting parts. More preferably, the support portion is L-shaped. The support is simple in structure, and can meet the requirement that the prism body is convenient to rotate between two supporting parts of the support, so that the prism body can be conveniently switched between the first installation state and the second installation state.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable that one level device is provided on each of the upper and lower portions of the prism body. The spirit level apparatus is preferably a circular bubble spirit level. Can make the prism body after the upset, the realization that can both be convenient is to the levelling of prism body to satisfy the demand of measuring.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable that the bracket is further provided with a scale, and a zero point position of the scale coincides with a measurement reference position calibrated by the centering rod in the second mounting state. Due to the irregular installation of the guide bars or the abrasion of the guide bars, etc., the distance from the end of the guide bars to the prism surface may not satisfy the initial state, i.e., D shown in fig. 4 is inconsistent with D1 shown in fig. 6. Through setting up the scale, can adjust the prism body to the second installation status earlier, come the distance between definite guide bar end and the scale zero point according to the scale again to the error of definite guide bar that can be convenient, perhaps, the installation of adjustment guide bar makes the guide bar installation satisfy initial condition.
In this embodiment, it is further preferable that the guide bar is attached to the rear surface of the prism body so as to be perpendicular to the prism surface. The guide rod and the prism body are connected by screw thread or bayonet. The guide rod adopts a detachable installation mode, so that the prism equipment is more convenient to install, use and carry.
The prism measurement method of the present embodiment includes a first measurement method, and the first measurement method includes: and adjusting the prism body to a first installation state, enabling the tail end of the guide rod to abut against a point to be measured on the vertical surface to be measured, and taking the prism as a measuring reflector to measure. In this embodiment, a second measurement method is further included, where the second measurement method includes: and adjusting the prism to be in a second installation state, aligning the centering rod to the point to be measured on the surface to be measured, and taking the prism as a measuring reflector to measure. By adjusting two different installation states of the prism body, the prism can be suitable for two different measurement methods to carry out measurement, and the measurement requirements of different measurement scenes can be met.
Example two:
the present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the difference is only in the specific structure and arrangement of the level device on the bracket, the guide rod and the prism body.
As shown in fig. 7, it is preferable that: the supporting part of the bracket is in a straight line shape. The back of the prism body is provided with a level device which can be seen from two sides, and the level device is preferably a round bubble level. Because the two sides of the prism body are visible, the prism body can be leveled by the same circular bubble level gauge before and after being turned, and the structure is simpler. In this embodiment, the guide rod is installed on the housing of the prism body and extends to the back of the prism body. It should be noted that the specific form of the guiding rod is not limited to the form disclosed in this document, and other forms capable of achieving the same function are within the scope of the present patent.
Example three:
the present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that the mounting manner of the bracket and the prism body on the bracket is different.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the bracket includes a cross bar, and the centering rod interface and the prism body are respectively disposed on the cross bar. Preferably, the prism body is mounted on the cross bar and can rotate on a horizontal plane about its mounting axis. Fig. 8 shows the prism body in the first mounting state, fig. 9 shows the prism body in the second mounting state, and the dotted line shown in fig. 9 shows that the end of the guide rod is coaxial with the measuring reference position calibrated by the centering rod in the second mounting state.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A prism, characterized by: comprises a bracket, a prism body and a guide rod;
the prism body is arranged on the bracket and at least comprises a first installation state;
the guide rod is mounted on the prism body and extends to the back of the prism body;
in the first installation state, the tail end of the guide rod is used for calibrating the measurement reference position of the prism;
a centering rod interface is arranged on the bracket and used for mounting a centering rod;
the centering rod is used for calibrating the measuring reference position of the prism in the second installation state.
2. The prism as recited in claim 1, wherein: the distance between the measurement reference position in the first mounting state and the prism surface is equal to the distance between the measurement reference position in the second mounting state and the prism surface.
3. The prism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the support comprises a connecting part and a supporting part, and two ends of the connecting part are symmetrically provided with one supporting part respectively; the prism body is arranged between the two supporting parts.
4. A prism as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the upper part and the lower part of the prism body are respectively provided with a level device;
or:
the back of the prism body is provided with a level device with two visible surfaces.
5. The prism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the support comprises a cross rod, and the centering rod interface and the prism body are respectively arranged on the cross rod.
6. The prism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a scale is further arranged on the support, and the zero point position of the scale is consistent with the measurement reference position calibrated by the centering rod in the second installation state.
7. The prism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the guide rod is arranged on the back surface of the prism body and is vertical to the prism surface.
8. The prism of claim 7, wherein: the guide rod and the prism body are connected by screw threads or bayonet.
9. A method of measurement based on a prism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:
comprising a first measurement method comprising: and adjusting the prism body to a first installation state, enabling the tail end of the guide rod to abut against a point to be measured on the vertical surface to be measured, and taking the prism as a measuring reflector to measure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211187833.4A CN115290060B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Prism and measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211187833.4A CN115290060B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Prism and measuring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115290060A CN115290060A (en) | 2022-11-04 |
| CN115290060B true CN115290060B (en) | 2023-01-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211187833.4A Active CN115290060B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Prism and measuring method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115290060B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2219011A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-18 | Leica Geosystems AG | Geodesic measuring device |
| CN103389082A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-11-13 | 天津市地质工程勘察院 | 360-degree free-of-leveling forced centering collimation equipment and using method thereof |
| CN103676080A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-26 | 桂林理工大学 | Adjustable precision prism |
| CN105588551A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-05-18 | 北京建工集团有限责任公司 | 360-degree rotating prism for determining perpendicularity of building and using method of 360-degree rotating prism |
| CN208936995U (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖南机电职业技术学院 | A kind of hand-hold ranger rotating platform |
| CN112082573A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-15 | 陕西交通职业技术学院 | Total station centering rod bubble correction device and correction method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102621559B (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-09-04 | 吉林大学 | Portable global position system (GPS)-real time kinematic (RTK) rapid auxiliary wall corner point measuring device and measuring method |
| CN109974675A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-05 | 江阴香江光电仪器有限公司 | Portable type room measuring prism |
| CN109900261A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-18 | 江阴香江光电仪器有限公司 | Corner measuring prism |
-
2022
- 2022-09-28 CN CN202211187833.4A patent/CN115290060B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2219011A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-18 | Leica Geosystems AG | Geodesic measuring device |
| CN103389082A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-11-13 | 天津市地质工程勘察院 | 360-degree free-of-leveling forced centering collimation equipment and using method thereof |
| CN103676080A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-26 | 桂林理工大学 | Adjustable precision prism |
| CN105588551A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-05-18 | 北京建工集团有限责任公司 | 360-degree rotating prism for determining perpendicularity of building and using method of 360-degree rotating prism |
| CN208936995U (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖南机电职业技术学院 | A kind of hand-hold ranger rotating platform |
| CN112082573A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-15 | 陕西交通职业技术学院 | Total station centering rod bubble correction device and correction method |
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| CN115290060A (en) | 2022-11-04 |
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