CN115287485A - Method for manufacturing high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with performance improved after baking - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with performance improved after baking Download PDFInfo
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- CN115287485A CN115287485A CN202210953620.1A CN202210953620A CN115287485A CN 115287485 A CN115287485 A CN 115287485A CN 202210953620 A CN202210953620 A CN 202210953620A CN 115287485 A CN115287485 A CN 115287485A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for manufacturing a high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved performance after baking, which comprises the following steps: melting an aluminum ingot, controlling the temperature of aluminum liquid to be 710-730 ℃, and adding the following components: 7.5 to 9.0 weight percent of silicon, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of magnesium, 0.3 to 0.6 weight percent of manganese, 0.02 to 0.15 weight percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent of zirconium, and 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of titanium; up to 0.03% by weight of the individual impurity elements, and the balance aluminium, wherein Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 25:1; pressing an aluminum alloy sodium-free refining agent into the aluminum alloy for refining by a degassing machine, adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy containing 0.01-0.03 wt% of strontium during refining, and refining for a preset time to remove gas in the aluminum liquid; detecting the gas content by a hydrogen detector, and when the gas content reaches below 0.15ml/100g, carrying out die-casting by aluminum alloy high-pressure casting equipment to form the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved performance after baking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a manufacturing method of a high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with performance improved after baking.
Background
And pulling the aluminum alloy lightweight material large curtain. The aim of 'double carbon' is continuously promoted, the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection in the automobile industry are increasingly urgent, and various countries have already reached a consensus on energy conservation and environmental protection of the automobile. China keeps the same with developed countries all over the world in terms of carbon dioxide emission targets, and improves the light-weight and weight-reduction targets by continuously improving the emission standards of tail gas of fuel vehicles. The aluminum alloy has advantages in the aspects of performance, density, price and the like, and is an ideal lightweight material at present.
Along with the gradual highlighting of the advantage of aluminum alloy lightweight, the vehicle consumption of the aluminum alloy in automobiles is continuously increased. According to IAI data, the aluminum consumption of the current fuel vehicle and the new energy vehicle is 145 kg/vehicle and 173 kg/vehicle respectively, and the aluminum consumption of the current fuel vehicle and the new energy vehicle is estimated to reach 230 kg/vehicle and 250 kg/vehicle respectively by 2025, and the corresponding increases are 34% and 44%.
In order to improve the range and safety performance of electric vehicles, light alloys are increasingly being used by various large vehicle manufacturers. Among them, aluminum alloys are popular as automotive body materials for mainstream electric vehicles because of their advantages of low density, high specific strength, good processability, abundant resources, etc. Aluminum alloy die cast parts are often used in load bearing knuckles for vehicle bodies because of their high production efficiency, excellent and stable performance, ability to be designed and machined into complex shapes, and reduced connection assembly required by conventional parts.
At present, various aluminum alloy enterprises have developed some alloy formulas of a heat-treatment-free type, such as Al-Si series Castasil-37 of Rhine Metal company and domestic patent CN 111139381A, and the two materials mainly comprise eutectic silicon and ZrAl 3 The strength of the material is controlled, the material can meet the performance requirements of the existing structural part, but some aluminum alloy parts need to be baked in the subsequent assembly process, and the performance of the cast aluminum alloy, such as tensile strength, yield strength, plasticity and the like, can be improved to some extent after the baking is required. The cast aluminum alloy of Al-Si series Castasil-37 and domestic patent CN 111139381A in the prior art has no aging strengthening component, such as Mg 2 The performance of the material cannot be improved after the material is baked due to the Si reinforcing phase, so that the performance of the material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
An advantage of the present invention is to provide a method for making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved properties after baking, wherein the high pressure cast aluminum alloy has improved properties after baking of the cast aluminum alloy product, particularly a tensile strength of >120MPa, a tensile yield limit rp0.2, and at the same time an elongation at break a of >10.0%, a tensile strength Rm of >240 MPa.
To achieve at least one of the above advantages, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved performance after baking, including:
melting an aluminum ingot, controlling the temperature of aluminum liquid to be 710-730 ℃, and adding the following components:
7.5 to 9.0 wt% silicon;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent magnesium;
0.3 to 0.6 weight percent manganese;
0.02 to 0.15 weight percent molybdenum;
0.1 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent titanium;
up to 0.03% by weight of the individual impurity elements, and the balance aluminium, wherein Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 25:1;
pressing an aluminum alloy sodium-free refining agent into the aluminum alloy for refining by a degassing machine, adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy containing 0.01-0.03 wt% of strontium during refining, and refining for a preset time to remove gas in the aluminum liquid;
detecting the gas content by a hydrogen detector, and when the gas content reaches below 0.15ml/100g, die-casting by an aluminum alloy high-pressure casting device to form the high-pressure casting heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the high pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises at most 0.15 wt.% iron.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the high pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises at most 0.1 wt.% copper.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the high pressure cast aluminum alloy includes at most 0.1 wt.% zinc.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the ratio of manganese to iron is 1.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the high pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises at most 0.12 wt.% iron.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 40:1.
according to an embodiment of the invention, the ratio of manganese to iron is 1.7.
According to one embodiment of the invention, zirconium is added to the aluminum alloy in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2 wt.%.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein AlTi 5 B 1 Adding the master alloy.
Detailed Description
The following description is provided to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A high-pressure cast aluminum alloy according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below, wherein the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy includes:
7.5 to 9.0 wt% silicon;
up to 0.15 wt.% iron;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent magnesium;
up to 0.1 wt% copper;
0.3 to 0.6 wt% manganese;
0.02 to 0.15 weight percent molybdenum;
0.1 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium;
up to 0.1 wt.% zinc;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent titanium;
0.01 to 0.03 weight percent strontium;
a single impurity element of at most 0.03% by weight, the remainder being aluminum.
To achieve after bakingThe high pressure cast aluminum alloy has an elongation greater than 10%, wherein Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 25:1, excess Mg 2 The lifting strength of Si is obvious, and Al is added 3 The pricking effect of the Zr particles obviously increases the strength, and the elongation rate does not reach the requirement of 10 percent. But after baking, because the product formed by the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy contains the aging-strengthening component Mg 2 Si strengthening phase, and therefore, after baking, the elongation of the high pressure cast aluminum alloy can be further improved, and further more than 10%, and in addition, the strength of the high pressure cast aluminum alloy can be improved.
Preferably, si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 40:1.
it is worth mentioning that the ratio of manganese to iron is 1. Preferably, the ratio of manganese to iron is 1.7. The addition of manganese can avoid the formation of coarse flaky AlFeSi phases, and once the ratio of manganese to iron is not controlled within the range, the coarse flaky AlFeSi phases tend to reduce the plasticity of the finally formed high-pressure cast aluminum alloy and cause the increase of the affinity of aluminum and a die, and the sticking of the die is caused.
In addition, 0.02-0.15 wt% of molybdenum is added into the alloy, the cost of the alloy element is high, but the alloy can spheroidize the square block AlFeSi phase to improve the plasticity of the material, so the addition of the molybdenum element is beneficial to improving the elongation and other properties of the cast aluminum alloy after subsequent roasting.
In the above embodiment, in the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, the silicon content in the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy is 7.5 to 9.0 wt%, the die-cast aluminum alloy in the range belongs to hypoeutectic aluminum alloy, has excellent natural aging property and good fluidity after die-casting, and has low solidification shrinkage rate and extremely small casting hot cracking tendency, and the current integrated die-casting practice proves that the flow filling distance between 7.5 and 9.0 containing silicon can meet the requirements of a die-casting machine die of 7500 tons, the shrinkage holding force is small, and the deformation of the product after demoulding meets the use requirements.
The proportion of iron in the high-pressure cast aluminium alloy is at most 0.15% by weight, iron in this range, preferably at most 0.12% by weight, the iron content being reduced, the influence of iron on the plasticity being avoided to the greatest extent, in particular in the case of large cast wall thicknesses which are currently not uniform, and in the case of low iron, the occurrence of acicular iron phases being avoided at the wall thickness sites as a result of the low cooling rate.
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of magnesium, at most 0.1 weight percent of copper and at most 0.1 weight percent of zinc can all play a role in strengthening when manufacturing the aluminum alloy, thereby improving the tensile yield limit Rp0.2 and the tensile strength Rm of the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy in an as-cast state.
In particular, in the above-mentioned high-pressure cast aluminum alloys, when the magnesium content in the die-cast aluminum alloy is 0.05 to 0.15 wt.%, the magnesium enhances the strength and hardness of the alloy, since the addition of small amounts of magnesium to the aluminum-silicon alloy results in the formation of Mg 2 The specific content of the Si phase can be adjusted according to practical requirements of material properties, but the elongation is reduced when the content of the Mg is increased. According to experiments, the tensile strength and yield strength are correspondingly increased within 5-10 MPa for each 0.1 percent increase of the magnesium content, but the elongation rate is reduced by 1-2.5 percent. But controlling the ratio of Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 25: after 1, after the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy passes through the baking step, the elongation of the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy is increased so as to meet the performance requirement of the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy. That is, in the examples of the present invention, by controlling the Mg content and Si: the proportion of (Mg + Zr) is controlled, so that the finally formed high-pressure cast aluminum alloy can meet the performance requirements of strength, hardness and the like, and the elongation of the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy after being baked can reach the elongation>Tensile strength of 120MPa, tensile yield limit Rp0.2, at the same time>10.0% elongation at break A.
The content of titanium in the cast aluminum alloy is 0.05-0.15 wt%, and the titanium and the aluminum generate AlTi 3 It can refine crystal grains. However, the increase of the titanium content can cause the aluminum liquid to be partially aggregated and precipitated when the aluminum liquid is static and can reduce the fatigue strength of the product, and the titanium is added into the material, and the best AlTi is used 5 B 1 The addition of the intermediate alloy can be betterThe improvement of grain refinement.
The addition amount of zirconium in the aluminum alloy is 0.1-0.3 wt%, and zirconium and aluminum form ZrAl 3 The compound can inhibit the recrystallization process and refine recrystallized grains. Zirconium also refines the cast structure but is less effective than titanium. However, if the Zr element content is added too much, al is present 3 The pinning effect of the Zr particles may in turn reduce the elongation of the cast aluminum alloy. Thus, after baking, the elongation of the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy cannot be effectively increased, and the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy cannot be made to reach>An elongation at break A of 10.0%. Preferably, zirconium is added to the aluminum alloy in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2 wt.%.
And the added strontium can modify the form of the eutectic silicon, so that the generation of coarse flaky silicon phases is avoided. In other words, a fine rod-like eutectic silicon structure can be formed by adding strontium. Therefore, the modified eutectic silicon has great influence on the mechanical properties of casting products, and particularly can greatly improve the elongation at break.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, comprising:
s1, melting an aluminum ingot, controlling the temperature of aluminum liquid to be 710-730 ℃, and adding the following components:
7.5 to 9.0 wt% silicon;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent magnesium;
0.3 to 0.6 weight percent manganese;
0.02 to 0.15 weight percent molybdenum;
0.1 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent titanium;
up to 0.03% by weight of the individual impurity elements, and the balance aluminium, wherein Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 25:1;
s2, pressing a sodium-free aluminum alloy refining agent into the aluminum alloy for refining through a degassing machine, adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy containing 0.01-0.03 weight percent of strontium during refining, and refining for a preset time to remove gas in the aluminum liquid;
and S3, detecting the gas content by a hydrogen detector, and when the gas content reaches below 0.15ml/100g, carrying out die casting by aluminum alloy high-pressure casting equipment to form the high-pressure casting heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the manufacturing method of the high-pressure casting heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s4, material preparation and furnace cleaning: preparing materials according to the alloy component proportion, and cleaning the furnace after the materials are prepared.
It is worth mentioning that the alloying elements are added in the form of pure alloys or master alloys. For example, cu is added in the form of Al-Cu master alloy, si is added in the form of simple substance 3303 Si, mg is added in the form of pure Mg ingot, mn is added in the form of Al-Mn master alloy, ti is added in the form of Al-Ti master alloy, mo is added in the form of master alloy, zr is added in the form of master alloy, and Sr is added in the form of Sr master alloy.
In the addition of the master alloy: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 720 ℃, adding the dried Al-Cu intermediate alloy, magnesium ingot, al-Ti and other intermediate alloys into the aluminum liquid, heating the aluminum liquid to 740 ℃, and preserving the heat for 15 minutes to ensure that the added intermediate alloy is completely melted;
when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is reduced to 710-730 ℃ during refining, modification and degassing, a movable rotary degassing machine is used for pressing an aluminum alloy sodium-free refining agent into the aluminum alloy for refining, an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is added during refining, and the refining is carried out for a preset time. Preferably 10-30 minutes, and then slagging off and standing. And (3) if standing for 1 hour, detecting the gas content by using an online hydrogen detector after standing, performing die casting when the gas content reaches below 0.15ml/100g, and continuing the refining, modification and degassing process if the gas content does not reach the requirement.
Die-casting production verification:
1) Production facility and auxiliary assembly: a 280T powerful die-casting machine, an automatic soup feeder, a die temperature machine, a brand vacuum machine, an imported release agent special for a commercial die-casting structural part, imported granular beads, a 3mm 80mm 190mm self-made test piece die, a 50mm punch and a melting cup;
2) Controlling a die-casting process: controlling the temperature of the die-casting aluminum liquid at 680-690 ℃, the temperature of a die temperature machine at 160-170 ℃, the high-speed at 2.7-2.9m/S, the vacuum degree at 10-40 mbar and the pressurizing pressure at 65MPa;
3) The following are the performances of the die-casting test pieces with different component ratios tested by a three-wire tensile machine and an inlet extensometer after being cut according to the GBT228 standard test piece line.
The aluminum alloys cast under high pressure of the five examples were manufactured by the above manufacturing process, and the properties thereof were measured, as shown in table 1 below
TABLE 1
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention described above are given by way of example only and are not limiting of the invention. The advantages of the present invention have been fully and effectively realized. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the embodiments, and any variations or modifications may be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the principles described.
Claims (10)
1. The method for manufacturing the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with the performance improved after baking is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
melting an aluminum ingot, controlling the temperature of aluminum liquid to be 710-730 ℃, and adding the following components:
7.5 to 9.0 wt% silicon;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent magnesium;
0.3 to 0.6 weight percent manganese;
0.02 to 0.15 weight percent molybdenum;
0.1 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium;
0.05 to 0.15 weight percent titanium;
up to 0.03% by weight of individual impurity elements, and the balance aluminium, wherein Si: (Mg + Zr) in a ratio range of more than 25:1;
pressing an aluminum alloy sodium-free refining agent into the aluminum alloy for refining by a degassing machine, adding an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy containing 0.01-0.03 wt% of strontium during refining, and refining for a preset time to remove gas in the aluminum liquid;
detecting the gas content by a hydrogen detector, and when the gas content reaches below 0.15ml/100g, carrying out die-casting by aluminum alloy high-pressure casting equipment to form the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved performance after baking.
2. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with increased post bake performance of claim 1, wherein the high pressure cast aluminum alloy includes up to 0.15 wt.% iron.
3. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with increased post bake performance as recited in claim 1, wherein said high pressure cast aluminum alloy includes up to 0.1 weight percent copper.
4. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with increased post bake performance as recited in claim 1, wherein said high pressure cast aluminum alloy includes up to 0.1 wt.% zinc.
5. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved properties after baking of claim 2, wherein the ratio of manganese to iron is 1.
6. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with increased post bake performance as recited in claim 2, wherein said high pressure cast aluminum alloy includes up to 0.12 wt.% iron.
7. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved properties after bake out of claim 1, wherein the ratio of Si: (Mg + Zr) ratio ranging from more than 40:1.
8. the method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved properties after baking of claim 5, wherein the ratio of manganese to iron is 1.7.
9. The method of making a high pressure cast aluminum alloy with improved properties after baking as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zirconium is added to the aluminum alloy in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2 weight percent.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the AlTi is Al-Ti 5 B 1 Adding the intermediate alloy.
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| CN1537961A (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-10-20 | ����Ѷ����������������ι�˾ | Casting alloy |
| CN1737176A (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-02-22 | 莱茵费尔登炼铝厂有限责任公司 | Aluminum diecasting alloy |
| CA2968224A1 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-30 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Aluminum alloy for high-pressure vaccum die casting operations |
| CN109072353A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2018-12-21 | 莱茵费尔登合金有限责任两合公司 | Diecasting alloys |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1537961A (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-10-20 | ����Ѷ����������������ι�˾ | Casting alloy |
| CN1737176A (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-02-22 | 莱茵费尔登炼铝厂有限责任公司 | Aluminum diecasting alloy |
| CN109072353A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2018-12-21 | 莱茵费尔登合金有限责任两合公司 | Diecasting alloys |
| CA2968224A1 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-30 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Aluminum alloy for high-pressure vaccum die casting operations |
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