CN115287279A - 一种固定化菌藻微胶囊和处理氮磷废水的方法 - Google Patents
一种固定化菌藻微胶囊和处理氮磷废水的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种固定化菌藻微胶囊的制备方法,本发明方法利用琼脂和海藻酸钠反应生成孔隙丰富的复合水凝胶,该复合水凝胶将硅藻土、净水菌剂和净水微藻包裹其中形成菌藻微胶囊。净水菌剂与净水微藻可以在微胶囊中建立良好的菌藻共生关系,且AZH‑15和ZH‑14有利于小球藻F‑8的生长。使用本发明的菌藻微胶囊在传统AO处理中强化处理废水一周左右,废水中TN的降解率即达到75%以上,TP的降解率即达到60%以上,铜的去除率即达到95%以上,锌的去除率即达到95%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物处理废水技术领域,特别涉及一种固定化菌藻微胶囊和处理氮磷废水的方法。
背景技术
微胶囊固定化微生物是生物同定化技术刚中的一种方法。它是指将微生物、动植物细胞或酶、蛋白质等生物大分子包封在一层亲水性的半透膜内所形成的珠状微胶囊,使细胞和生物大分子阻隔在微胶囊膜内或膜外,而氧气和其它小分子物质可以自有通过微生物膜进行物质传递,从而达到培养和免疫隔离的目的。而制备良好且可控制的生物微胶囊是进行微生物细胞固定化的前提。
现在比较常用的生物微胶囊体系为海藻酸-钙微胶囊体系或海藻酸钠- 壳聚糖微胶囊体系。上述生物微胶囊体系为双组分体系,不能适应多变的环境需要,在使用上存在较大的局限性,特别是其很难与生物结合使用。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,制备得到的微胶囊不仅能降解废水中的有机氮磷,还能吸附废水中的铜和锌。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明提供一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,所述固定化菌藻微胶囊的制备方法包括包埋步骤:将预处理硅藻土粉末、净水菌剂和净水微藻分散包埋在海藻酸钠水溶液和琼脂水溶液共混冷却形成的载体中;
所述预处理硅藻土粉末、净水菌剂、净水微藻、海藻酸钠水溶液和琼脂水溶液的质量比为(10~12):(1~2):(1~2):(1500~2000):(1500~2000);
所述净水菌剂包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15(在申请号为CN201811060199.1的发明专利中已公开,在此不进行赘述)和保藏号为的CCTCC NO:M2018730的施氏假单胞菌ZH-14(已在公开号为CN109943497A的发明中公开),该施氏假单胞菌ZH-14 于2018年10月31日保藏于武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC), 经鉴定为Pseudomonas stutzeri ZH-14。
所述净水微藻包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8,该小球藻F-8于2022年1月10日保藏于中国.武汉.武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心 (CCTCC),经鉴定为Chlorella vulgari F-8。
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的之二在于提供一种处理氮磷废水的方法,该方法能去除氮磷废水中98.84%的TP,可广泛应用于富含磷的氮磷废水的处理。
将上述固定化菌藻微胶囊投入到运行稳定的A/O装置中,所述固定化菌藻微胶囊的投加量为0.5~10g/L,所述A/O装置中的氮磷废水经过预沉淀和栅格过滤处理,光照强度为2000~5000lux,曝气量为0.5~1.5L/min。
作为优选,所述A/O装置中光照的光暗比2:1~1:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、净水菌剂与净水微藻可以在微胶囊中建立良好的菌藻共生关系,且 AZH-15和ZH-14有利于小球藻F-8的生长;
2、使用本发明的菌藻微胶囊在配合传统AO生化处理时处理废水一周左右,废水中TN的降解率即达到75%以上,TP的降解率即达到60%以上,铜的去除率即达到95%以上,锌的去除率即达到95%以上。
附图说明
图1~4为绿城农科检测技术有限公司对废水原水的成分检测报告;
图5~8为绿城农科检测技术有限公司对经本发明菌藻微胶囊处理6d后的废水的成分检测报告;
图9为包埋不同菌藻组合对TN去除效果(A:体系包埋ZH-14,B:体系包埋AZH-15,C:体系包埋小球藻,D:体系包埋ZH-14和AZH-15,E:体系包埋ZH-14、AZH-15和小球藻);
图10为包埋不同菌藻组合对的TP去除效果(A:体系包埋ZH-14,B:体系包埋AZH-15,C:体系包埋小球藻,D:体系包埋ZH-14和AZH-15,E:体系包埋ZH-14、AZH-15和小球藻);
图11为不同菌藻组合的叶绿素A含量变化情况。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
实施例1:
一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1、在60重量份60%的乙醇中加入在20重量份的海藻酸钠,摇匀形成悬浊液,再快速冲入900重量份ddH2O,搅拌均匀置于常温下备用;
2、在900重量份ddH2O中加入18重量份琼脂,115℃灭菌后取出备用;
3、将硅藻土加入水中搅拌均匀得矿浆,硅藻土与水的质量比为3:10;调节矿浆pH至8后静置沉降48h,倾去悬浮液,沉淀物用去离子水洗涤至中性,烘干,加入2.5mol/L的硫酸中,搅拌1h,过滤,用去离子水洗涤至中性,真空抽滤,烘干,即得预处理硅藻土;
4、将海藻酸钠水溶液与琼脂水溶液共混后水浴加热并维持在55℃,然后预处理硅藻土混合均匀,冷却至45℃后加入净水菌剂和净水微藻,混合均匀后倒入模具,自然成型后浸入氯化钙水溶液正固化,最后用去离子水洗净沥干得到菌藻微胶囊;
所述净水菌剂为保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15和保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018730的施氏假单胞菌ZH-14;
所述净水微藻为保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8。
实施例2:
一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1、在70重量份70%的乙醇中加入在20重量份的海藻酸钠,摇匀形成悬浊液,再快速冲入1000重量份ddH2O,搅拌均匀置于常温下备用;
2、在1000重量份ddH2O中加入20重量份琼脂,120℃灭菌后取出备用;
3、将硅藻土加入水中搅拌均匀得矿浆,硅藻土与水的质量比为4:10;调节矿浆pH至9后静置沉降30h,倾去悬浮液,沉淀物用去离子水洗涤至中性,烘干,加入3mol/L的硫酸中,搅拌2h,过滤,用去离子水洗涤至中性,真空抽滤,烘干,即得预处理硅藻土;
4、将海藻酸钠水溶液与琼脂水溶液共混后水浴加热并维持在60℃,然后预处理硅藻土混合均匀,冷却至45℃后加入净水菌剂和净水微藻,混合均匀后倒入模具,自然成型后浸入氯化钙水溶液正固化,最后用去离子水洗净沥干得到菌藻微胶囊;
所述净水菌剂为保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15和保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018730的施氏假单胞菌的ZH-14;
所述净水微藻为保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8。
实施例3:
一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1、在80重量份80%的乙醇中加入在20重量份的海藻酸钠,摇匀形成悬浊液,再快速冲入1100重量份ddH2O,搅拌均匀置于常温下备用;
2、在1100重量份ddH2O中加入25重量份琼脂,120℃灭菌后取出备用;
3、将硅藻土加入水中搅拌均匀得矿浆,硅藻土与水的质量比为3.5:10;调节矿浆pH至8.5后静置沉降48h,倾去悬浮液,沉淀物用去离子水洗涤至中性,烘干,加入3mol/L的硫酸中,搅拌2h,过滤,用去离子水洗涤至中性,真空抽滤,烘干,即得预处理硅藻土;
4、将海藻酸钠水溶液与琼脂水溶液共混后水浴加热并维持在65℃,然后预处理硅藻土混合均匀,冷却至45℃后加入净水菌剂和净水微藻,混合均匀后倒入模具,自然成型后浸入氯化钙水溶液正固化,最后用去离子水洗净沥干备用;
所述净水菌剂包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15 和保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018730的施氏假单胞菌的ZH-14;
所述净水微藻包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8。
实施例4:
一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1、在70重量份70%的乙醇中加入在20重量份的海藻酸钠,摇匀形成悬浊液,再快速冲入1000重量份ddH2O,搅拌均匀置于常温下备用;
2、在1000重量份ddH2O中加入22重量份琼脂,120℃灭菌后取出备用;
3、将硅藻土加入水中搅拌均匀得矿浆,硅藻土与水的质量比为3.5:10;调节矿浆pH至9后静置沉降48h,倾去悬浮液,沉淀物用去离子水洗涤至中性,烘干,加入3mol/L的硫酸中,搅拌2h,过滤,用去离子水洗涤至中性,真空抽滤,烘干,即得预处理硅藻土;
4、将琼脂水溶液加热至120℃灭菌后在搅拌状态下直接加入海藻酸钠水溶液和预处理硅藻土粉末,冷却至45℃后加入净水菌剂和净水微藻,混合均匀后倒入模具,自然成型后浸入氯化钙水溶液固化,最后用去离子水洗净沥干得到菌藻微胶囊。
所述净水菌剂包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15 和保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018730的施氏假单胞菌的ZH-14;
所述净水微藻包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8。
实施例5:废水中氮、磷去除实验:
将固定化菌藻、游离菌藻、空白载体和CK组分别投入到运行稳定后的 A/O装置中处理氮磷废水,氮磷废水经过预沉淀和格栅过滤处理,在光照培养箱中,设置光照3000lux,光暗比1:0,通入1L/min的曝气量,通过对比各试验组中水质主要污染物浓度的动态变化,研究不同固定化微生物的处理效果。
由图9可知,在6d后,固定化菌藻和游离菌藻对TN和TP的去除效果基本相同,没有显著性差异。在对TN的去除过程中,0-2d时,游离菌藻比固定化菌藻降解速率快,说明菌藻经过固定化制备后在污水中所需活化时间稍长,这是由于固定化菌藻处理污水初期时菌类和小球藻的生长与扩散受到了一定的限制,6d后,固定化菌藻对TN的去除率趋于游离菌藻相同,说明该种固定化方式并没有对菌藻的生理代谢功能造成较大损害,菌藻在所附着空间内快速增殖,吸收营养物质,在受到污水中各种类型的污染物的影响,后期TN浓度达到了平衡,固定化菌藻和游离菌藻对TN的降解达到了79.68%和 74.96%。
如图10所示,固定化菌藻和游离菌藻的TP浓度变化基本相似,6d后的降解率分别为57.79%和60.51%。在对锥形瓶中原水TN和TP的处理效果上看,固定化菌藻和游离菌藻并无显著性差异。但在试验过程中发现,原水由于小球藻的大量生长增殖开始呈现绿色,且游离菌藻组中绿色的程度更甚,固定化菌藻中藻类不可逆的附着在网状载体上,泄露在原水中的小球藻量较少,后期污水中的游离菌藻组的小球藻生物量更大,在连续污水处理装置中运行中会造成菌藻大量流失的隐患。
实施例6:微生物与微藻相互作用关系实验
定量制备AZH-15和小球藻,ZH-14和小球藻,两种复合菌剂和小球藻这 3种混合液,浓缩后用无菌水清洗2次后投入到无菌模拟废水中,以只接种小球藻的培养液作为CK,置于光照培养箱中,每隔2天测培养液中叶绿素A 含量变化,其中叶绿素A浓度变化反映了培养液中小球藻的生长趋势,检测在模拟废水中这两种菌的生理代谢对小球藻的生长是否存在抑制作用,以期菌藻共生系统的形成提供基础。
如图11所示,四个试验组中叶绿素A含量逐渐升高,其中复合菌剂与小球藻共培养的叶绿素积累在后期较有优势。在第10天时,达到了5.3ug/ml,略高于其余试验组,说明无论是AZH-15、ZH-14对小球藻的生长都无明显的抑制作用,在汲取营养成分时,不会发生由竞争机制导致的小球藻无法进行正常生长代谢的现象,而这两种混菌在一定程度上能促进小球藻的生长,建立良好的菌藻共生体系。
实施例7:
将实施例2制得的250g菌藻微胶囊投入AO净水装置末端中,由绿城农科检测技术有限公司检测经过微胶囊投加后的废水中的重金属含量。经本发明的菌藻微胶囊处理后,原废水中的铜例子浓度由原来的0.707mg/L降低至0.0334mg/L,本发明的菌藻微胶囊对水中的铜离子的吸附性能达到95.3%;锌离子浓度由原来的3.04mg/L降低至0.107mg/L,本发明的菌藻微胶囊对水中的锌离子的吸附性能达到96.5%。
实施例8:
一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1、在70重量份70%的乙醇中加入在20重量份的海藻酸钠,摇匀形成悬浊液,再快速冲入1000重量份ddH2O,搅拌均匀得到海藻酸钠溶液,置于常温下备用;
2、在1000重量份ddH2O中加入22重量份琼脂,120℃灭菌后取出得到琼脂溶液,备用;
3、在1000重量份5%醋酸溶液中加入10重量份壳聚糖,120℃灭菌后取出得到壳聚糖溶液,备用;
4、将硅藻土加入水中搅拌均匀得矿浆,硅藻土与水的质量比为3.5:10;调节矿浆pH至9后静置沉降48h,倾去悬浮液,沉淀物用去离子水洗涤至中性,烘干,加入3mol/L的硫酸中,搅拌2h,过滤,用去离子水洗涤至中性,真空抽滤,烘干,即得预处理硅藻土;
4、在上述琼脂水溶液中加入上述海藻酸钠水溶液和壳聚糖溶液,边搅拌边加入10重量份γ-聚谷氨酸和10重量份预处理硅藻土粉末,冷却至45℃后加入净水菌剂和净水微藻,混合均匀后倒入模具,自然成型后浸入氯化钙水溶液固化,最后用去离子水洗净沥干得到菌藻微胶囊。
所述净水菌剂包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15 和保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018730的施氏假单胞菌的ZH-14;
所述净水微藻包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8。
一种微胶囊,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1、在70重量份70%的乙醇中加入在20重量份的海藻酸钠,摇匀形成悬浊液,再快速冲入1000重量份ddH2O,搅拌均匀得到海藻酸钠溶液,置于常温下备用;
2、在1000重量份ddH2O中加入22重量份琼脂,120℃灭菌后取出得到琼脂溶液,备用;
3、在1000重量份5%醋酸溶液中加入10重量份壳聚糖,120℃灭菌后取出得到壳聚糖溶液,备用;
4、将硅藻土加入水中搅拌均匀得矿浆,硅藻土与水的质量比为3.5:10;调节矿浆pH至9后静置沉降48h,倾去悬浮液,沉淀物用去离子水洗涤至中性,烘干,加入3mol/L的硫酸中,搅拌2h,过滤,用去离子水洗涤至中性,真空抽滤,烘干,即得预处理硅藻土;
4、在上述琼脂水溶液中加入上述海藻酸钠水溶液和壳聚糖溶液,边搅拌边加入10重量份γ-聚谷氨酸和10重量份预处理硅藻土粉末,混合均匀后倒入模具,自然成型后浸入氯化钙水溶液固化,最后用去离子水洗净沥干得到微胶囊。
废水中氮、磷去除、重金属吸附实验:
实验组1:实施例8制得的250g菌藻微胶囊;实验组2:实施例2制得的250g菌藻微胶囊;对照组1:实施例8制得的250g微胶囊。
将实验组1、2和对照组1的微胶囊分别投入AO净水装置末端中,测定处理48h前后废水中的总氮、总磷、铜离子和锌离子的浓度。测定结果如下:
如上表所示,实验组1的菌藻微胶囊处理48h后,TN去除率达到76.67%, TP去除率达到57.5%,铜离子去除率达到88.66%,锌离子去除率达到96.93%。实验组2的菌藻微胶囊处理48h后,TN去除率达到98.83%,TP去除率达到 97.75%,铜离子去除率达到99.4%,锌离子去除率达到98.56%。添加壳聚糖和γ-聚谷氨酸后的菌藻微胶囊对于废水中TN、TP、铜离子和锌离子的去除效果明显更好,且改善的效果明显优于微胶囊本身(对照组1)带来的效果,说明添加的壳聚糖和γ-聚谷氨酸应该对净水菌剂或/和净水菌藻有促进作用。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (3)
1.一种固定化菌藻微胶囊,其特征在于所述固定化菌藻微胶囊的制备方法包括包埋步骤:将预处理硅藻土粉末、净水菌剂和净水微藻分散包埋在海藻酸钠水溶液和琼脂水溶液共混冷却形成的载体中;
所述预处理硅藻土粉末、净水菌剂、净水微藻、海藻酸钠水溶液和琼脂水溶液的质量比为(10~12):(1~2):(1~2):(1500~2000):(1500~2000);
所述净水菌剂包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2018025的戴尔福特菌AZH-15和保藏号为的CCTCC NO:M 2018730的施氏假单胞菌ZH-14;
所述净水微藻包括保藏号为CCTCC NO:M 2022057的小球藻F-8。
2.一种处理氮磷废水的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的固定化菌藻微胶囊投入到运行稳定的A/O装置中,所述固定化菌藻微胶囊的投加量为0.5~10g/L,所述A/O装置中的氮磷废水经过预沉淀和栅格过滤处理,光照强度为2000~5000lux,曝气量为0.5~1.5L/min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种处理氮磷废水的方法,其特征在于,所述A/O装置中光照的光暗比2:1~1:1。
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