CN115283593A - Forming method of aluminum forging of generator oil tank frame - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum forging of generator oil tank frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283593A CN115283593A CN202210995811.4A CN202210995811A CN115283593A CN 115283593 A CN115283593 A CN 115283593A CN 202210995811 A CN202210995811 A CN 202210995811A CN 115283593 A CN115283593 A CN 115283593A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 248
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 248
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000274 aluminium melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D43/00—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
- C22B21/0092—Remelting scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/062—Obtaining aluminium refining using salt or fluxing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
- C22B9/106—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents the refining being obtained by intimately mixing the molten metal with a molten salt or slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming an aluminum forging of a generator oil tank frame, which comprises the following steps: s1, designing a drawing, and cutting a raw material; s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging; s3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation; s4, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again; s5, forging the heated aluminum block; s6, then, carrying out furnace returning and heating on the aluminum material; s7, carrying out heating solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material; according to the invention, the size of the aluminum forging is determined by designing the drawing of the aluminum forging, so that the aluminum forging is simultaneously performed on a plurality of groups of aluminum materials, impurities in the aluminum materials are removed, the content of the impurities is reduced, the purity of the aluminum materials is effectively improved, then the aluminum materials are forged, and the strength of the aluminum materials is improved by multi-stage continuous heating treatment, rapid quenching is realized, and the strength of the aluminum materials is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum forgings, in particular to a forming method of an aluminum forging of a generator oil tank frame.
Background
Forging is a process in which a forging machine applies pressure to a metal billet to cause plastic deformation of the billet, thereby obtaining a forged piece having a certain mechanical property, and one of two main components of the forging (forging and stamping) is forged. The defects of as-cast porosity and the like generated in the smelting process of metal can be eliminated by forging, the microstructure of the metal is optimized, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the forge piece is generally superior to that of the same material because a complete metal streamline is reserved. Forging is a processing method in which a forging hammer or a press applies pressure to an aluminum and aluminum piece cast ingot or forging blank through a hammer head or a pressure head to enable metal to generate plastic deformation.
When forging the aluminium forging, the inside of aluminium material contains a large amount of impurity, when not detaching to impurity, cause the performance reduction of aluminium forging easily, just so need forge at the aluminium forging, carry out the edulcoration operation, make the impurity content among the aluminium forging reduce, and current aluminium forging can't realize carrying out the forging of a large amount simultaneously to the aluminium forging when preparing handling, make the preparation efficiency of aluminium forging lower, and can not realize carrying out accurate follow-up forging processing and accurate control temperature regulation scheduling problem to the aluminium forging.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a forming method of an aluminum forging of a generator oil tank frame, and aims to solve the problems that when the aluminum forging is forged in the prior art, the aluminum material contains a large amount of impurities, and when the impurities are not removed, the performance of the aluminum forging is easily reduced, so that impurity removal operation is required to be carried out when the aluminum forging is forged, the impurity content in the aluminum forging is reduced, and the aluminum forging cannot be simultaneously forged by a large amount when the aluminum forging is prepared in the prior art, so that the preparation efficiency of the aluminum forging is low, and accurate subsequent forging treatment and accurate temperature control adjustment cannot be carried out on the aluminum forging.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the invention provides a method for forming an aluminum forging of a generator oil tank frame, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of a generator oil tank frame, the design of a drawing of an aluminum forging is realized, and the cutting of the raw material of the aluminum forging is realized according to the size of the drawing;
s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw material of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature melting furnace to enable the raw material of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
s3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, then removing the added metal by using a vacuum distillation method, and realizing the original impurities of magnesium, zinc and the like in the aluminum solution;
s4, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and cooling the aluminum solution with the impurities taken out for forming, then putting the aluminum block into a high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400 +/-50 ℃, and preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours to discharge from the furnace;
s5, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, operating by adopting a three-drawing and three-pier method to expand the aluminum block to form a thin sheet, and enabling the thickness of the aluminum block to be 0.3-1.2cm larger than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum material;
s6, then, carrying out furnace returning and heating on the aluminum material: after cutting, the aluminum material is subjected to furnace returning and heating, then manual forging is adopted, so that the aluminum material can be formed, the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece is compounded, and the size requirement is met, and then hot pressing punching and bending plasticity are performed;
s7, carrying out heating solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a high temperature and held for a period of time to dissolve the second phase or other soluble components of the material into the aluminum matrix sufficiently to form a supersaturated solid solution, which is then held to room temperature by rapid cooling to complete the quenching process.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the raw material cutting in S1 is performed according to the size of a design drawing, the weight of the aluminum material needs to be calculated according to the length and thickness of the drawing and the density of aluminum, and the aluminum material is multiplied according to a single piece of aluminum material, so that the aluminum material can forge raw materials of multiple aluminum forgings at one time, and the production efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature melting furnace in S2 is heated in a sectional manner, the high-temperature melting furnace is rapidly heated to 380-420 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum material is kept for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature, then the heating is continuously carried out to 660-700 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1-2 hours at the temperature, and the aluminum solution is stirred.
In one embodiment of the invention, the stirring is performed by driving a stirring rod by a servo motor, the stirring speed of the servo motor is 30r/min-40r/min, so that the aluminum solution can be uniformly dissolved, and a crucible containing the aluminum solution is stirred by opening, so that air can enter the aluminum solution during stirring, oxygen enters the aluminum solution, and the zinc impurity in the aluminum solution is oxidized and separated out.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the slag removing agent in S3 is a magnesium-zinc mixed metal powder, and the mixed metal powder has a particle diameter of 0.2-0.5mm and a content of 0.1 g added per gram of aluminum, and the mixing ratio of magnesium to zinc is 1.
In an embodiment of the invention, the vacuum distillation method in S3 is controlled to have a vacuum degree of 15Pa, a distillation temperature of 1053K and a distillation time of 30min, and in order to realize rapid vacuum distillation, a stirring mechanism is used for stirring to accelerate the vacuum distillation speed, and the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism is 50r/min-80r/min.
In an embodiment of the invention, the aluminum solution in S4 is cooled and formed by using a rectangular container for plasticity, and when the aluminum solution is cooled and formed, a vacuum pumping method is adopted, so that the aluminum solution is cooled and formed without causing the retention of bubbles, and when the vacuum pumping method is used for pumping, the air pressure is controlled at 20Pa, the temperature is continuously and slowly cooled, the temperature is continuously reduced from 100 ℃ to 20 ℃, and the duration is controlled at 30-40min.
In an embodiment of the invention, the forging press in S5 is a medium-pressure forging press, the pressure of the medium-pressure forging press is 3MN-160MN, the three-pillar three-drawing operation sequence is upsetting-drawing-upsetting, and when the three-pillar three-drawing operation is performed, a plastic frame is placed on the medium-pressure forging press to prevent the aluminum material from being over-forged to cause thickness dimension deviation, and the step of cutting the aluminum material is to cut the aluminum material into single aluminum forgings.
In one embodiment of the invention, the furnace-returning heating in S6 is stepwise continuous heating, that is, the temperature of the heating furnace is heated from 200 ℃ to 250 ℃, 300 ℃,350 ℃ and 400 ℃, the heating time of the temperature section before 300 ℃ is controlled to be 10-20min, the heating time of the temperature section after 350 ℃ is controlled to be 30-60min, and respectively comprises 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the hot-pressing punching and the bending plasticity are processed according to the requirements set by the drawing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the quenching solution adopted in the S7 solution quenching is water, and the cooling capacity is adjusted by adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the water, the temperature of the solution quenching is controlled to be 50-85 ℃ for quenching, the quenching cooling speed is above 50 ℃/S, in order to ensure uniform quenching cooling, a compressed air pipe is arranged in a quenching water tank for stirring, and simultaneously, the aluminum product is required to swing properly after being put into the water tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame, before the aluminum forging is prepared, the size of the aluminum forging is determined through designing the drawing of the aluminum forging, then the amount of the aluminum material is determined according to the size, then the multiple cutting is realized, the forging treatment is simultaneously carried out on multiple groups of aluminum materials, the preparation efficiency of the aluminum forging is improved, impurities in the aluminum material are removed before the forging, the strength of the aluminum material is effectively improved, the content of the impurities is reduced, the magnesium and zinc impurities are removed according to the removing process, then the magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum material and the magnesium and zinc metal remained during the removal of the iron impurities are removed through a vacuum distillation method, the purity of the aluminum material is effectively improved, the forging treatment is carried out on the aluminum material, the strength of the aluminum material is improved through the multi-stage continuous heating treatment, the strength of the aluminum material is realized, and the rapid quenching is realized, and the strength of the aluminum material is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a flow structure of steps provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a forming method of an aluminum forging of a generator oil tank frame comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of a generator oil tank frame, the drawing design of the aluminum forging is realized, and the cutting of the raw material of the aluminum forging is realized according to the size of the drawing;
s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw material of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature melting furnace to enable the raw material of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
s3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, then removing the added metal by using a vacuum distillation method, and realizing the original impurities of magnesium, zinc and the like in the aluminum solution;
s4, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and cooling the aluminum solution with the impurities taken out for forming, then putting the aluminum block into the high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400 +/-50 ℃, and preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours to discharge from the furnace;
s5, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, operating by adopting a three-drawing and three-pier method to expand the aluminum block to form a sheet, and enabling the thickness of the sheet to be 0.3-1.2cm larger than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum material;
s6, then, carrying out furnace returning and heating on the aluminum material: after cutting, the aluminum material is subjected to furnace returning and heating, then manual forging is adopted, so that the aluminum material can be formed, the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece is compounded, and the size requirement is met, and then hot pressing punching and bending plasticity are performed;
s7, carrying out heating solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a high temperature and held for a period of time to dissolve the second phase or other soluble components of the material into the aluminum matrix sufficiently to form a supersaturated solid solution, which is then held to room temperature by rapid cooling to complete the quenching process.
In this embodiment, it is preferred, the raw materials in S1 is tailor according to the size of design drawing and is tailor, need calculate the weight of aluminium material according to the length of drawing is thick and the density realization of aluminium to the aluminium material of singleton is enlargied at double, makes the raw materials that a plurality of aluminium forgings can once be forged to the aluminium material, improves production efficiency, and through the design of drawing, can improve the aluminium material precision when tailorring, can realize forging the processing simultaneously to a plurality of aluminium forgings, raises the efficiency.
In this embodiment, preferably, the high-temperature melting furnace in S2 is heated in a sectional manner, the high-temperature melting furnace is rapidly heated to 380-420 ℃, the aluminum material is kept at the temperature for 1-1.5 hours, then continuously heated to 660-700 ℃, then kept at the temperature for 1-2 hours, and the aluminum solution is stirred, so that the particle residue can be effectively reduced and the melting effect of the aluminum material can be improved when the aluminum forging is heated in the sectional heating manner.
In this embodiment, it is preferred that what the stirring adopted is that servo motor drives the puddler and stirs, and servo motor's stirring speed is 30r/min-40r/min for the aluminium solution can be even dissolved, and the uncovered stirring of crucible that the aluminium solution held, make the aluminium solution when the stirring, can make the air admission, make oxygen enter into the aluminium solution, realize that the zinc impurity in the aluminium solution carries out the oxidation and separates out, the stirring operation of this department is mainly in order to realize mixing the aluminium melt, effectual improvement molten state, prevent the remaining of granule.
In this embodiment, preferably, the slag removing agent in S3 is a magnesium-zinc mixed metal powder, the particle diameter of the mixed metal powder is 0.2-0.5mm, the content of the mixed metal powder is 0.1 g added to each gram of aluminum, the mixing ratio of magnesium to zinc is 1.
In this embodiment, preferably, the vacuum distillation method in S3 is controlled to have a vacuum degree of 15Pa, a distillation temperature of 1053K, and a distillation time of 30min, and in order to achieve rapid vacuum distillation, a stirring mechanism is used to stir and accelerate the vacuum distillation speed, and the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism is 50r/min to 80r/min, and the vacuum distillation method can achieve removal of magnesium and zinc impurities in the aluminum melt and improve the purity of the aluminum melt.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the aluminum solution in S4 is cooled and formed by using a rectangular container for plasticity, and when the aluminum solution is cooled and formed, a vacuum pumping method is adopted, so that the aluminum solution is cooled and formed without leaving bubbles, and when the vacuum pumping method is used for pumping, the air pressure is controlled at 20Pa, the temperature is continuously and slowly cooled, the temperature is continuously reduced from 100 ℃ to 20 ℃, and the duration is controlled within 30-40min, so that no bubbles exist in the aluminum forging, the strength of the aluminum forging is improved, and slow cooling and forming are realized.
In this embodiment, preferably, the forging press in S5 is a medium-pressure forging press, the pressure of the medium-pressure forging press is 3MN-160MN, the three-pier three-drawing operation sequence is upsetting-drawing-upsetting, and when the three-pier three-drawing operation is performed, a plastic frame is placed on the medium-pressure forging press to prevent the aluminum material from being excessively forged and causing thickness dimension deviation, and the aluminum material is cut into a single aluminum forging piece.
In this embodiment, preferably, the reheating in S6 is stage continuous heating, that is, the temperature of the heating furnace is heated from 200 ℃ to 250 ℃, 300 ℃,350 ℃ and 400 ℃, the heating time of the temperature stage before 300 ℃ is controlled to be 10-20min, the heating time of the temperature stage after 350 ℃ is controlled to be 30-60min, and the temperatures are 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the hot-pressing punching and the bending plasticity are processed according to requirements set by a drawing, the internal temperature of the aluminum forging can be maintained by using the stage continuous heating, the internal and external temperature differences of the aluminum forging are prevented from being too large, and the plastic operation of the aluminum forging is realized.
In this embodiment, preferably, the quenching solution used in the S7 solution quenching is water, and the cooling capacity is adjusted by adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the water, the temperature of the solution quenching is controlled to be 50-85 ℃ for quenching, the quenching cooling speed should be above 50 ℃/S, in order to ensure uniform quenching cooling, a compressed air pipe is installed in the quenching water tank for stirring, and the aluminum product is properly swung after entering the water tank, and the solution quenching at this position can realize rapid quenching treatment of the aluminum forging, improve the strength of the aluminum forging, and maintain the uniformity of quenching.
Specifically, the flow steps of the method for forming the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame are as follows:
firstly, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of a generator oil tank frame, the drawing design of the aluminum forging is realized, and the cutting of the raw material of the aluminum forging is realized according to the size of the drawing;
secondly, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw material of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature furnace to enable the raw material of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
thirdly, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, then removing the added metal by using a vacuum distillation method, and realizing the original impurities of magnesium, zinc and the like in the aluminum solution;
step four, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and cooling the aluminum solution with the impurities taken out for forming, then putting the aluminum block into the high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400 +/-50 ℃, and preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours to discharge from the furnace;
fifthly, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, operating by adopting a three-drawing and three-pier method to expand the aluminum block to form a thin sheet, and enabling the thickness of the aluminum block to be 0.3-1.2cm larger than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum material;
sixthly, carrying out furnace returning and heating on the aluminum material: after cutting, the aluminum material is subjected to furnace returning and heating, then manual forging is adopted, so that the aluminum material can be formed, the shape requirement of the aluminum forging is compounded and meets the size requirement, and then hot pressing punching and bending plasticity are carried out;
and seventhly, carrying out heating solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a high temperature and held for a period of time to dissolve the second phase or other soluble components of the material into the aluminum matrix sufficiently to form a supersaturated solid solution, which is then held to room temperature by rapid cooling to complete the quenching process.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A forming method of an aluminum forging of a generator oil tank frame is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a drawing, and cutting raw materials: according to the size of a generator oil tank frame, the drawing design of the aluminum forging is realized, and the cutting of the raw material of the aluminum forging is realized according to the size of the drawing;
s2, heating the cut aluminum forging raw material before forging: heating the cut aluminum forging, and melting the raw material of the aluminum forging in a high-temperature furnace to enable the raw material of the aluminum forging to be in a molten state;
s3, adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum molten solution to realize impurity removal operation: adding magnesium, zinc or mercury into molten aluminum solution to remove iron, silicon and other impurities in the aluminum, then removing the added metal by using a vacuum distillation method, and realizing the original impurities of magnesium, zinc and the like in the aluminum solution;
s4, cooling and forming the aluminum solution, and then heating again: cooling and cooling the aluminum solution with the impurities taken out for forming, then putting the aluminum block into a high-temperature melting furnace again for heating treatment, heating the aluminum block to 400 +/-50 ℃, and preserving heat at 260 ℃ for 10 hours to discharge from the furnace;
s5, forging the heated aluminum block: forging the heated aluminum block on a forging press, operating by adopting a three-drawing and three-pier method to expand the aluminum block to form a thin sheet, and enabling the thickness of the aluminum block to be 0.3-1.2cm larger than the thickness of a workpiece, and then cutting the forged aluminum material;
s6, then, carrying out furnace returning and heating on the aluminum material: after cutting, the aluminum material is subjected to furnace returning and heating, then manual forging is adopted, so that the aluminum material can be formed, the shape requirement of an aluminum forging piece is compounded, and the size requirement is met, and then hot pressing punching and bending plasticity are performed;
s7, carrying out heating solution quenching treatment on the aluminum material: the aluminum forging is heated to a high temperature and held for a period of time to dissolve the second phase or other soluble components of the material into the aluminum matrix sufficiently to form a supersaturated solid solution, which is then held to room temperature by rapid cooling to complete the quenching process.
2. The forming method of the aluminum forged piece for the oil tank frame of the generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material cutting in S1 is performed according to the size of a design drawing, the weight of the aluminum material needs to be calculated according to the length and thickness of the drawing and the density of aluminum, and the aluminum material is multiplied according to a single piece of aluminum material, so that the aluminum material can forge the raw material of a plurality of aluminum forged pieces at one time, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame as claimed in claim 2, wherein the high temperature melting furnace in S2 is heated in a sectional manner, the high temperature melting furnace is rapidly heated to 380-420 ℃, the aluminum material is kept at the temperature for 1-1.5h, then is continuously heated to 660-700 ℃, then is kept at the temperature for 1-2h, and the aluminum solution is stirred.
4. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame according to claim 3, wherein a servo motor is adopted for stirring, the stirring rod is driven by the servo motor, the stirring speed of the servo motor is 30r/min-40r/min, so that the aluminum solution can be uniformly dissolved, and a crucible containing the aluminum solution is stirred in an open manner, so that air can enter the aluminum solution during stirring, oxygen can enter the aluminum solution, and the zinc impurity in the aluminum solution can be oxidized and separated out.
5. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the oil tank frame of the generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slag removing agent in S3 is magnesium-zinc mixed metal powder, the particle diameter of the mixed metal powder is 0.2-0.5mm, the content of the mixed metal powder is 0.1 g added in each gram of aluminum, and the mixing ratio of magnesium and zinc is listed as 1.
6. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the oil tank frame of the generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum distillation method in S3 is controlled to be 15Pa in vacuum degree, 1053K in distillation temperature and 30min in distillation time, and in order to realize rapid vacuum distillation, a stirring mechanism is used for stirring to accelerate the vacuum distillation speed, and the rotating speed of the stirring mechanism is 50r/min-80r/min.
7. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the generator oil tank frame according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum solution in the step S4 is formed by cooling a rectangular container for plasticity, and when the aluminum solution is formed by cooling, a vacuum pumping method is adopted, so that the aluminum solution is not subjected to bubble retention during cooling, and when the vacuum pumping method is used for pumping, the air pressure is controlled to be 20Pa, the temperature is continuously and slowly reduced from 100 ℃ to 20 ℃, and the duration is controlled to be 30-40min.
8. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the oil tank frame of the generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging press in S5 is a medium-pressure forging press, the pressure of the medium-pressure forging press is 3MN-160MN, the three-drawing three-pier operation sequence is upsetting-drawing-upsetting, and when the three-drawing three-pier operation is performed, a plastic frame is placed on the medium-pressure forging press to prevent the aluminum material from being over-forged to cause thickness dimension deviation, and the aluminum material is cut into single aluminum forgings.
9. The forming method of the aluminum forging of the oil tank frame of the generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tempering heating in S6 is a stepwise continuous heating, that is, the temperature of the heating furnace is from 200 ℃ to 250 ℃, 300 ℃,350 ℃ and 400 ℃, the heating time of the temperature section before 300 ℃ is controlled to be 10-20min, the heating time of the temperature section after 350 ℃ is controlled to be 30-60min, and respectively comprises 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the hot-press punching and the bending plasticity are processed according to the requirements set by the drawing.
10. The method for forming an aluminum forging for a generator oil tank frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quenching solution used in the S7 solution quenching is water, and the cooling capacity is adjusted by adding a solution of polyethanol to the water, the temperature of the solution quenching is controlled to be 50-85 ℃, the quenching cooling rate is 50 ℃/S or more, in order to ensure uniform quenching cooling, a compressed air pipe is arranged in a quenching water tank for stirring, and the aluminum product is properly swung after entering the water tank.
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