CN113249600A - High-toughness aluminum alloy manufacturing method and impurity and slag removing method - Google Patents
High-toughness aluminum alloy manufacturing method and impurity and slag removing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness aluminum alloy manufacturing method and an impurity and slag removal method, wherein an aluminum-titanium alloy with the addition of 0.15-0.35% is added into an aluminum alloy liquid in two steps, Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires with the addition of 0.1-0.2% are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the first step, immediately stirred and smelted, simultaneously degassed and filtered, extracted gas is used for carrying out smoothing treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, then the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of raw materials are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid for stirred and smelted, the aluminum alloy liquid is comprehensively refined, the existence of a long flaky TiAl3 phase which is always coarse in the structure is reduced, simultaneously six surfaces of an aluminum alloy ingot are coated by uniformly distributed inorganic binders, and the coating layer coated by the inorganic binders has the thickness of 0.6-0.7mm, therefore, the fracture toughness and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy extruded material can be effectively improved, and the aluminum alloy extruded material has excellent comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy production and processing, in particular to the field of a high-toughness aluminum alloy manufacturing method and an impurity and slag removing method.
Background
It is known that along with the development of light weight of transportation means such as automobiles, rail vehicles, ships, airplanes and the like, the application of aluminum alloy in the transportation means is increasingly expanded, the transportation means has higher requirements on the comprehensive properties of the aluminum alloy, such as higher strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance, so as to improve the safety, impact resistance, durability and the like of the transportation means, the Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloy is a high-strength aluminum alloy which can be strengthened by heat treatment, although the Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloy has the advantage of high strength, when the Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloy is used in the transportation means, the problems of insufficient fracture toughness and higher corrosion sensitivity generally exist, the main reason is that the content of alloying elements of the Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloy is higher, the high alloying causes a larger restriction relationship between strength and toughness, the high-density precipitation strengthening phase is easy to cause stress corrosion, grain boundary corrosion and the like when being aggregated in the grain boundary, forming a fine aluminide dispersed phase through multi-component microalloying, inhibiting recrystallization and grain growth, keeping a fiber crystal structure in an extrusion processing state, and improving the fracture toughness and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy at the same time, but the prior art can not ensure that the Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy obtains a complete fiber crystal structure along the extrusion direction, so that the improvement of the fracture toughness and the corrosion resistance is still greatly limited, and therefore, the existing Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof still need to be improved and developed;
therefore, the prior patent No. CN108315612B proposes a high-strength and high-toughness corrosion-resistant Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy contains main alloying elements of Zn, Mg and Cu, micro-alloying elements of Mn, Cr, Er, Ti, B and the like, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements. The preparation method comprises the steps of melting aluminum alloy liquid, blowing and refining in a furnace, online grain refinement, online degassing and filtering, semi-continuous casting, ingot casting homogenization, heating and extrusion, online quenching and artificial aging treatment. According to the invention, by optimally designing the component composition and the preparation process of the alloy, recrystallization and grain growth are inhibited, so that the Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloy obtains a fiber crystal structure along the extrusion direction, the fracture toughness and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy extrusion material are improved, and the aluminum alloy extrusion material has excellent comprehensive performance and is suitable for manufacturing aluminum materials for light weight of transportation tools such as automobiles, rail vehicles, ships, airplanes and the like;
firstly, the titanium is commonly added into the aluminum alloy grains in China to refine the aluminum alloy grains, the addition amount is generally in the range of 0.15-0.35%, and the insufficient refinement can be caused due to the excessively low addition amount of the titanium; the Al-Zn-Mg alloy is excessively high, even in the addition range, smelting is improper, coarse long flaky TiAl3 phase often exists in the structure, the mechanical property is reduced, and secondly, obvious residual stress is generated after the quenching process in the patent, so that the performance of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy product is reduced in the subsequent processing and using processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a high-toughness aluminum alloy manufacturing method and an impurity and slag removal method, wherein an aluminum-titanium alloy with the addition of 0.15-0.35% is added into an aluminum alloy liquid in two steps, Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires with the addition of 0.1-0.2% are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the first step, stirring and smelting treatment is immediately carried out, degassing and filtering treatment is carried out, extracted gas is used for smoothing the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, then the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of raw materials are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid for stirring and smelting treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid is comprehensively refined, the existence of coarse long-sheet TiAl3 phase in the structure is reduced, six surfaces of an aluminum alloy cast ingot are coated by uniformly distributed inorganic bonding agents, and the coating layer coated by the inorganic bonding agents has the thickness of 0.6-0.7mm, the coated finished product is dried for 1h at 90 ℃, dried for 1h at 150 ℃, then air-cooled, solution-treated for 1.5h at 475 ℃, then rapidly immersed in water, quenched with boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds, so that the coating of a layer of inorganic adhesive on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy can effectively reduce the obvious residual stress generated after the quenching process, has better safety and practicability, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of high-toughness aluminum alloy and an impurity and slag removing method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy.
A manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy with high toughness comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.7-1.8% of Zns, 0.40-0.60% of Mgs, 0.20-0.40% of Cus, 0.45-0.65% of Mns, 0.25-0.35% of Crs, 0.25-0.35% of Ers, 0.15-0.25% of Tis, 0.03-0.05% of B, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mn, Cr and Er is 2.25:1:1, the content of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.02% and the total content is less than or equal to 0.10%; the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting Al-10Cu alloy, Al-20Mn alloy, Al-10Cr alloy, Al-10Er alloy and Al-5Ti-1B alloy according to the proportion of each element, cutting the alloy into wires, and taking an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent, a zinc ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent and a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 770-780 ℃, adding and stirring an Al-10Cu alloy, an Al-20Mn alloy, an Al-10Cr alloy, an Al-10Er alloy, a zinc ingot with the purity of 99.9% and a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.9% into an aluminum alloy solution, and carrying out the steps under the conditions of nitrogen blowing and stirring;
the third step: adding a gas refining agent to remove impurities and slag in the aluminum alloy solution, and quickly filtering impurities in the aluminum alloy solution;
the fourth step: continuously die-casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot finished product under the conditions of casting temperature of 670-680 ℃, casting speed of 900-1000 mm/min and cooling water pressure of 1.50-2.50 MPa, wherein the steps are carried out under the conditions of nitrogen blowing and stirring;
the fifth step: rapidly shaping the surface of the finished aluminum alloy ingot casting product to enable the surface to be refined into different shapes according to different functions;
and a sixth step: and carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot finished product in the process of the previous step, wherein the heat treatment step comprises finished product annealing, intermediate annealing, solid solution treatment, cladding layer quenching, natural aging treatment and artificial aging treatment, and the cladding layer quenching is to wrap six surfaces of the aluminum alloy ingot by uniformly distributed inorganic bonding agents.
The further improvement of the invention is that the thickness of the coating layer coated by the inorganic binder is 0.6-0.7mm, the coated finished product is dried for 1h at 90 ℃ and dried for 1h at 150 ℃, then air-cooled, solution-treated for 1.5h at 475 ℃, then rapidly immersed in water and quenched by boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solid solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds.
The structure can realize that: the method comprises the steps of coating six surfaces of an aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniformly distributed inorganic binders, wherein the thickness of a coating layer coated with the inorganic binders is 0.6-0.7mm, drying the coated finished product at 90 ℃ for 1h, drying the finished product at 150 ℃ for 1h, then cooling the finished product with air, treating the finished product with a solution at 475 ℃ for 1.5h, then rapidly immersing the finished product in water, quenching the finished product with boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and controlling the transfer time from the solid solution treatment to the quenching within 30 seconds, so that the obvious residual stress generated after the quenching process can be effectively reduced by coating a layer of the inorganic binders on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific steps of the finished product annealing process are as follows: heating the finished product of the aluminum alloy ingot to 410-420 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 2-2.5 hours, then continuing to heat to 550-560 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 2-3 hours, and then forcibly cooling by water mist to room temperature.
The structure can realize that: thus, the annealing treatment of the aluminum alloy finished product is beneficial to the smoothness of the surface of the aluminum alloy.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific steps of the intermediate annealing process are as follows: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 550-560 ℃, carrying out extrusion forming at an extrusion speed of 9-10 m/min and an extrusion ratio of 60-70, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature through water, wherein the natural aging treatment process comprises the following specific steps: heating the extruded aluminum alloy to 120-140 ℃, keeping for 10 hours in an environment aging mode, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific steps of the artificial aging treatment process are as follows: heating the extruded aluminum alloy to 120-140 ℃, aging and maintaining for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature through water to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy.
The invention further improves the method for removing impurities and slag of the high-toughness aluminum alloy, the treatment process comprises the steps of slag removal in the melting process, online grain refinement, gas filtration and impurity removal and secondary grain refinement in the manufacturing steps, and the slag removal process in the melting process comprises the following specific steps: and blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 9-10 minutes by using a hexachloroethane gas refining agent, taking out the slag, standing for 30-60 minutes, and keeping the treatment temperature at 670-680 ℃ during the period.
The invention further improves the method that the specific steps of online grain refinement are as follows: and after deslagging in the melting process, introducing the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace into a launder, uniformly adding Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out stirring and melting treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is kept at 670-680 ℃.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific steps of filtering and removing impurities of the gas are as follows: after the online grain refinement, the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degasser which is arranged on a flow groove and has the rotation speed of 150-160 r/min and the argon flow of 6-8 cubic meters per hour and a foamed ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 30-40 ppi, online degassing and filtering treatment is carried out, and the temperature is maintained at 600-620 ℃ in the period.
The further improvement of the invention is that the specific steps of the secondary grain refinement are as follows: and after gas filtration and impurity removal, introducing the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace into a launder, uniformly adding the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out stirring and smelting treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is kept at 670-680 ℃.
The method can realize that: the method comprises the steps of adding 0.15-0.35% of aluminum-titanium alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in two steps, uniformly adding 0.1-0.2% of Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires into the aluminum alloy liquid in the first step, immediately carrying out stirring smelting treatment, simultaneously carrying out degassing filtration treatment, drawing out gas to level the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, then uniformly adding the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid to carry out stirring smelting treatment, and reducing the existence of coarse and long flaky TiAl3 phase in the structure while carrying out overall refining on the aluminum alloy liquid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum-titanium alloy with the addition amount of 0.15-0.35% is added into the aluminum alloy liquid in two steps, in the first step, 0.1-0.2% of Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid to be immediately subjected to stirring smelting treatment and simultaneously subjected to degassing filtration treatment, the extracted gas is used for flattening the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, then the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid to be subjected to stirring smelting treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid is comprehensively refined, and the existence of coarse and long flaky TiAl3 phase in the structure is reduced, so that the aluminum-titanium alloy liquid has good practicability and creativity.
2. The six surfaces of the aluminum alloy cast ingot are coated with the uniformly distributed inorganic adhesive, the thickness of the coating coated with the inorganic adhesive is 0.6-0.7mm, the coated finished product is dried for 1h at 90 ℃ and dried for 1h at 150 ℃, then air cooling is carried out, solution treatment is carried out for 1.5h at 475 ℃, then the coated finished product is quickly immersed in water and quenched by boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solid solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds, so that the obvious residual stress generated after the quenching process can be effectively reduced by coating a layer of the inorganic adhesive on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot has better safety and practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process of the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy with high toughness according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall process of the method for removing impurities and slag of the high-toughness aluminum alloy.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the heat treatment process of the method for manufacturing high toughness aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved objects and the functions of the present invention easy to understand, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or the positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a method for manufacturing a high-toughness aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components by mass percent: 1.7-1.8% of Zns, 0.40-0.60% of Mgs, 0.20-0.40% of Cus, 0.45-0.65% of Mns, 0.25-0.35% of Crs, 0.25-0.35% of Ers, 0.15-0.25% of Tis, 0.03-0.05% of B, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mn, Cr and Er is 2.25:1:1, the content of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.02% and the total content is less than or equal to 0.10%; the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting Al-10Cu alloy, Al-20Mn alloy, Al-10Cr alloy, Al-10Er alloy and Al-5Ti-1B alloy according to the proportion of each element, cutting the alloy into wires, and taking an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent, a zinc ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent and a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 770-780 ℃, adding and stirring an Al-10Cu alloy, an Al-20Mn alloy, an Al-10Cr alloy, an Al-10Er alloy, a zinc ingot with the purity of 99.9% and a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.9% into an aluminum alloy solution, and carrying out the steps under the conditions of nitrogen blowing and stirring;
the third step: adding a gas refining agent to remove impurities and slag in the aluminum alloy solution, and quickly filtering impurities in the aluminum alloy solution;
the fourth step: continuously die-casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot finished product under the conditions of casting temperature of 670-680 ℃, casting speed of 900-1000 mm/min and cooling water pressure of 1.50-2.50 MPa, wherein the steps are carried out under the conditions of nitrogen blowing and stirring;
the fifth step: rapidly shaping the surface of the finished aluminum alloy ingot casting product to enable the surface to be refined into different shapes according to different functions;
and a sixth step: and carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot finished product in the process of the previous step, wherein the heat treatment step comprises finished product annealing, intermediate annealing, solid solution treatment, cladding layer quenching, natural aging treatment and artificial aging treatment, and the cladding layer quenching is to clad six surfaces of the aluminum alloy ingot with uniformly distributed inorganic adhesives.
In this example, the inorganic binder coated layer has a thickness of 0.6-0.7mm, the coated product is dried at 90 ℃ for 1h and 150 ℃ for 1h, then air-cooled, solution-treated at 475 ℃ for 1.5h, then rapidly immersed in water and quenched with boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of the annealing process of the finished product are as follows: heating the finished product of the aluminum alloy ingot to 410-420 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 2-2.5 hours, then continuing to heat to 550-560 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 2-3 hours, and then forcibly cooling by water mist to room temperature.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of the intermediate annealing process are as follows: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 550-560 ℃, carrying out extrusion forming at an extrusion speed of 9-10 m/min and an extrusion ratio of 60-70, cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature through water, wherein the natural aging treatment process comprises the following specific steps: heating the extruded aluminum alloy to 120-140 ℃, keeping for 10 hours in an environment aging mode, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of the artificial aging process are as follows: heating the extruded aluminum alloy to 120-140 ℃, aging and maintaining for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature through water to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy.
The embodiment can realize that: the six surfaces of the aluminum alloy cast ingot are coated with the uniformly distributed inorganic adhesive, the thickness of the coating coated with the inorganic adhesive is 0.6-0.7mm, the coated finished product is dried for 1h at 90 ℃ and dried for 1h at 150 ℃, then air cooling is carried out, solution treatment is carried out for 1.5h at 475 ℃, then the coated finished product is quickly immersed in water and quenched by boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solid solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds, so that the obvious residual stress generated after the quenching process can be effectively reduced by coating a layer of the inorganic adhesive on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy cast ingot has better safety and practicability.
Example 2
As shown in figures 1-3, the impurity and slag removal method for the high-toughness aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of melting process slag removal, online grain refinement, gas filtration impurity removal and secondary grain refinement in the manufacturing steps, wherein the melting process slag removal process comprises the following specific steps: and blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 9-10 minutes by using a hexachloroethane gas refining agent, taking out the slag, standing for 30-60 minutes, and keeping the treatment temperature at 670-680 ℃ during the period.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of on-line grain refinement are as follows: and after deslagging in the melting process, introducing the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace into a launder, uniformly adding Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out stirring and melting treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is kept at 670-680 ℃.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of gas filtration and impurity removal are as follows: after the online grain refinement, the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degasser which is arranged on a flow groove and has the rotation speed of 150-160 r/min and the argon flow of 6-8 cubic meters per hour and a foamed ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 30-40 ppi, online degassing and filtering treatment is carried out, and the temperature is maintained at 600-620 ℃ in the period.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of the secondary grain refinement are as follows: and after gas filtration and impurity removal, introducing the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace into a launder, uniformly adding the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out stirring and smelting treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is kept at 670-680 ℃.
The embodiment can realize that: the aluminum-titanium alloy with the addition amount of 0.15-0.35% is added into the aluminum alloy liquid in two steps, in the first step, 0.1-0.2% of Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid to be immediately subjected to stirring smelting treatment and simultaneously subjected to degassing filtration treatment, the extracted gas is used for flattening the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, then the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials are uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid to be subjected to stirring smelting treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid is comprehensively refined, and the existence of coarse and long flaky TiAl3 phase in the structure is reduced, so that the aluminum-titanium alloy liquid has good practicability and creativity.
The invention is characterized in that in the manufacturing process, 0.15-0.35 percent of aluminum-titanium alloy is added into aluminum alloy liquid in two steps, 0.1-0.2 percent of Al-5Ti-1B alloy wire is uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the first step, stirring and smelting are immediately carried out, degassing and filtering are carried out simultaneously, the extracted gas smoothes the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, then the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wire accounting for 0.1-0.2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials is uniformly added into the aluminum alloy liquid for stirring and smelting, the aluminum alloy liquid is fully refined, the existence of coarse long-sheet TiAl3 phase in the structure is reduced, thus the invention has better practicability and creativity, and six surfaces of aluminum alloy cast ingots are coated with uniformly distributed inorganic binder, the thickness of the coating coated by the inorganic adhesive is 0.6-0.7mm, the coated finished product is dried for 1h at 90 ℃, dried for 1h at 150 ℃, then air-cooled, solution-treated for 1.5h at 475 ℃, then rapidly immersed in water, quenched by boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solid solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds, so that the coating of a layer of the inorganic adhesive on the outer surface of the aluminum alloy can effectively reduce the obvious residual stress generated after the quenching process, and has better safety and practicability.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy with high toughness is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.7-1.8% of Zns, 0.40-0.60% of Mgs, 0.20-0.40% of Cus, 0.45-0.65% of Mns, 0.25-0.35% of Crs, 0.25-0.35% of Ers, 0.15-0.25% of Tis, 0.03-0.05% of B, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15% of Si, and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mn, Cr and Er is 2.25:1:1, the content of the inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.02% and the total content is less than or equal to 0.10%; the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting Al-10Cu alloy, Al-20Mn alloy, Al-10Cr alloy, Al-10Er alloy and Al-5Ti-1B alloy according to the proportion of each element, cutting the alloy into wires, and taking an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent, a zinc ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent and a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.9 percent as raw materials;
the second step is that: heating and melting an aluminum ingot at 770-780 ℃, adding and stirring an Al-10Cu alloy, an Al-20Mn alloy, an Al-10Cr alloy, an Al-10Er alloy, a zinc ingot with the purity of 99.9% and a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.9% into an aluminum alloy solution, and carrying out the steps under the conditions of nitrogen blowing and stirring;
the third step: adding a gas refining agent to remove impurities and slag in the aluminum alloy solution, and quickly filtering impurities in the aluminum alloy solution;
the fourth step: continuously die-casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot finished product under the conditions of casting temperature of 670-680 ℃, casting speed of 900-1000 mm/min and cooling water pressure of 1.50-2.50 MPa, wherein the steps are carried out under the conditions of nitrogen blowing and stirring;
the fifth step: rapidly shaping the surface of the finished aluminum alloy ingot casting product to enable the surface to be refined into different shapes according to different functions;
and a sixth step: and carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot finished product in the process of the previous step, wherein the heat treatment step comprises finished product annealing, intermediate annealing, solid solution treatment, cladding layer quenching, natural aging treatment and artificial aging treatment, and the cladding layer quenching is to wrap six surfaces of the aluminum alloy ingot by uniformly distributed inorganic bonding agents.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a high toughness, and the method comprises the steps of: the specific steps of the cladding layer quenching are as follows: the thickness of the coating coated by the inorganic adhesive is 0.6-0.7mm, the coated finished product is dried for 1h at 90 ℃, dried for 1h at 150 ℃, then air-cooled, solution-treated at 475 ℃ for 1.5h, then rapidly immersed in water, quenched by boiling water at 85-95 ℃, and the transfer time from the solid solution treatment to the quenching is controlled within 30 seconds.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a high toughness, and the method comprises the steps of: the specific steps of the finished product annealing process are as follows: heating the finished product of the aluminum alloy ingot to 410-420 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 2-2.5 hours, then continuing to heat to 550-560 ℃ for homogenization treatment for 2-3 hours, and then forcibly cooling by water mist to room temperature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a high toughness, and the method comprises the steps of: the intermediate annealing process comprises the following specific steps: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 550-560 ℃, carrying out extrusion forming at an extrusion speed of 9-10 m/min and an extrusion ratio of 60-70, and cooling the aluminum alloy cast ingot to room temperature through water, wherein the natural aging treatment process comprises the following specific steps: heating the extruded aluminum alloy to 120-140 ℃, keeping for 10 hours in an environment aging mode, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a high toughness, and the method comprises the steps of: the artificial aging treatment process comprises the following specific steps: heating the extruded aluminum alloy to 120-140 ℃, aging and maintaining for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature through water to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy.
6. The impurity and slag removing method for the high-toughness aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the treatment process comprises the steps of deslagging in the melting process, online grain refinement, gas filtration impurity removal and secondary grain refinement in the manufacturing step, wherein the deslagging process in the melting process comprises the following specific steps: and blowing and refining the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace for 9-10 minutes by using a hexachloroethane gas refining agent, taking out the slag, standing for 30-60 minutes, and keeping the treatment temperature at 670-680 ℃ during the period.
7. The impurity and slag removing method for the high-toughness aluminum alloy according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific steps of the online grain refinement are as follows: and after deslagging in the melting process, introducing the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace into a launder, uniformly adding Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out stirring and melting treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is kept at 670-680 ℃.
8. The impurity and slag removing method for the high-toughness aluminum alloy according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific steps of gas filtration and impurity removal are as follows: after the online grain refinement, the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degasser which is arranged on a flow groove and has the rotation speed of 150-160 r/min and the argon flow of 6-8 cubic meters per hour and a foamed ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 30-40 ppi, online degassing and filtering treatment is carried out, and the temperature is maintained at 600-620 ℃ in the period.
9. The impurity and slag removing method for the high-toughness aluminum alloy according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the secondary grain refinement comprises the following specific steps: and after gas filtration and impurity removal, introducing the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace into a launder, uniformly adding the rest Al-5Ti-1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the raw materials into the aluminum alloy liquid, and carrying out stirring and smelting treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is kept at 670-680 ℃.
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