CN112496218A - Forging process of aluminum alloy part - Google Patents
Forging process of aluminum alloy part Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496218A CN112496218A CN202010832157.6A CN202010832157A CN112496218A CN 112496218 A CN112496218 A CN 112496218A CN 202010832157 A CN202010832157 A CN 202010832157A CN 112496218 A CN112496218 A CN 112496218A
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- aluminum alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of hot processing of materials, and particularly relates to a forging process of an aluminum alloy part. A forging process of an aluminum alloy part is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1, heating the aluminum alloy blank in heating equipment to a solid solution temperature, wherein the heating and heat preservation time is determined according to the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank and is 1mm per wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank for heating and heat preservation for 20 min; s2, performing underaging heat treatment; s3, heating and preserving heat of the aluminum alloy blank after underage heat treatment and a forging die at the temperature of 100-300 ℃; preheating a finish forging die; s4, carrying out 100-300 ℃ isothermal die forging forming on the aluminum alloy blank heated and insulated in the step S3; and S5, cooling the forged piece obtained in the step S4, trimming, and then machining to obtain the aluminum alloy part. The process can reduce production period and improve production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hot processing of materials, and particularly relates to a forging process of an aluminum alloy part.
Background
The aluminum alloy is a non-ferrous metal material which is most widely applied in industry, and is widely applied in machinery manufacturing industries such as aerospace, ships and vehicles and the like. In the automobile manufacturing industry, aluminum alloy is generally adopted to achieve the purpose of reducing the weight of an automobile structure, and the application of the aluminum alloy forged piece capable of being strengthened by heat treatment in the automobile manufacturing is wide. At present, the die forging forming process flow of the aluminum alloy is long, and most of common die forging forming processes of the aluminum alloy comprise the following steps: heat treatment before forging, forging forming, solution treatment and aging treatment. In the production process of the heat-treatable aluminum alloy, segregation can be eliminated through homogenization heat treatment, deformation resistance can be reduced through heating before forging, and plasticity is improved, and the heat treatment after forging is used for improving the strength of a forged piece so as to meet the requirement of product performance. In the actual production process, the production mode generates higher time cost and energy consumption cost in the front and back heat treatment processes. Therefore, the forging process of the aluminum alloy consumes longer time due to multiple heat treatments, and the actual production period and the production cost are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging process of an aluminum alloy part, which can reduce the production period and improve the production efficiency in view of the problems of longer production period and large energy consumption caused by multiple heating in the current aluminum alloy forging process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the forging process of the aluminum alloy part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, heating the aluminum alloy blank in heating equipment to a solid solution temperature, wherein the heating and heat preservation time is determined according to the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank and is 1mm per wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank for heating and heat preservation for 20 min;
s2, performing underaging heat treatment;
s3, heating and preserving heat of the aluminum alloy blank (which is called as a part when the pre-forging forming step is added) after the underaging heat treatment and the forging die at the temperature of 100-300 ℃; preheating a finish forging die;
s4, performing 100-300 ℃ isothermal die forging forming on the aluminum alloy blank (part) heated and insulated in the step S3;
and S5, cooling the forged piece obtained in the step S4, trimming, and then machining to obtain the aluminum alloy part (final product).
According to the technical scheme, the forging process of the aluminum alloy part further comprises the following steps of performing pre-forging forming after the step S1: heating the die to a forging temperature, cooling the aluminum alloy blank to a pre-forging temperature, and performing pre-forging forming on the aluminum alloy blank; the forging temperature is 200-500 ℃, and the pre-forging temperature is 200-450 ℃; and then carrying out underaging heat treatment on the pre-forged part.
The aluminum alloy is a 6000 series aluminum alloy including an underaged T4 temper, a peak aged T6 temper.
In step S1, the heating time and the holding time are controlled within 90 min.
In the step S2, the temperature of the underaging heat treatment is controlled at 100-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is controlled at 2-8 h; the specific temperature is determined by the position of an exothermic peak precipitated corresponding to the GP zone, and the precipitated phase is ensured to only exist in the GP zone and a small amount of beta' phase after underaging treatment.
In step S3, the holding temperature and the finish forging temperature are determined by the position of the exothermic peak that precipitates corresponding to the β ″ region; controlling the temperature to ensure that a beta' phase cannot be further precipitated, and controlling the heat preservation time to be 1-10 min.
In step S3, the temperature of the finish forging die is 200 ℃.
The precipitated phases of the aluminum alloy are the main factors influencing the strength, the size, the type and the quantity of the precipitated phases are the direct reasons influencing the strength, and the factors such as the type, the size and the quantity are closely related to the heat treatment process and the forming method of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, the category and the quantity of the precipitated phases of the aluminum alloy can be regulated and controlled through different heat treatments and deformation in the processing and forming stage. In the heat treatment stage before forming, the precipitated phase reaches the under-peak value aging stage of a certain size through proper heat treatment, and in the subsequent forming stage, the precipitated phase of the aluminum alloy has good formability in the preheating and forming processes at proper temperature, so that a required product can be manufactured, and meanwhile, the precipitated phase in the aluminum alloy is further evolved to achieve the effect of peak value aging.
The 6000 series aluminum alloy precipitation strengthening phase is Mg2Si, and the size of the strengthening phase gradually increases from GP zone → β "→ β '→ β phase with increasing temperature, so that the semi-coherent β' and the nonconforming β substitute for the well-coherent β" phase, resulting in a great decrease in strength. Therefore, a large number of beta' phases which have good compatibility with the matrix can be obtained by controlling the category and the number of the precipitated phases, the precipitation strengthening effect is ensured, and the parts with the strength meeting the requirements are obtained.
The process provided by the invention has the advantages that the deformation process and the heat treatment regulation and control process of the aluminum alloy forging are cooperatively carried out, the category and the quantity of the precipitated phases of the aluminum alloy are regulated and controlled through the deformation in different heat treatment and machining forming stages, the precipitation strengthening effect is ensured, the rapid hot forming is realized, the production period and the production cost can be reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Compared with the existing widely used forging process flow, the rapid hot forming method for the aluminum alloy has the following beneficial effects that: generally, when a blank is forged and formed, heating before forging, solution treatment and artificial aging treatment are required, and the time consumed by heat treatment strengthening is at least more than ten hours. In general, under the condition of ensuring the material performance, the period of the whole forging process can be reduced, and the energy consumption required by heat treatment can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a conventional aluminum alloy forging process.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a simple part processing in example 1 of the present invention (the left half is a flow chart, and the right half is a temperature-time graph).
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the processing of the complex in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4a is a diagram of a trial control arm in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4b is a drawing showing a sampling area of a tensile specimen in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4c is a graph of the dimensions of a tensile specimen in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1:
a forging process for an aluminum alloy part, comprising the following steps (as shown in fig. 2) for a simple piece requiring only one die forging:
s1, heating the aluminum alloy blank in heating equipment to a solid solution temperature (carrying out solid solution treatment), wherein the heating and heat preservation time is determined according to the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank and is 1mm per wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank for heating and heat preservation for 20 min; the aluminum alloy is 6000 series aluminum alloy; the heating time and the heat preservation time are controlled within 90 min;
s2, performing underaging heat treatment on the aluminum alloy blank, controlling the temperature at 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ and controlling the time at 2-8 h;
s3, preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy blank subjected to underaging treatment at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ for 5-10min, and preheating a forging die to 200 ℃;
s4, carrying out 100-300 ℃ isothermal die forging and finish forging forming on the aluminum alloy blank subjected to the underaging treatment.
And S5, cooling the forging, trimming, and then machining to obtain the final product of the aluminum alloy part.
The processing flow chart of this example is shown in FIG. 2.
The 6000 series aluminum alloy precipitation strengthening phase is Mg2Si, and the size of the strengthening phase gradually increases from GP zone → β "→ β '→ β phase with increasing temperature, so that the semi-coherent β' and the nonconforming β substitute for the well-coherent β" phase, resulting in a great decrease in strength. Forming an over solid solution through solution treatment, controlling the temperature and time of underaging heat treatment to convert GP zones into beta 'phase with the proportion of about 70-80%, and finally controlling the temperature and time during finish forging to further convert the residual GP zones into the beta' phase and generate about 95% of the beta 'phase, so as to avoid generating beta' and beta phases with poor precipitation strengthening effect, achieve the purpose of ensuring the precipitation strengthening effect and further ensure the material performance.
Example 2:
a forging process of an aluminum alloy part comprises the following steps (shown in figure 3) for a complex part needing multiple times of die forging:
s1, carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy blank in heating equipment, wherein the heating and heat preservation time is determined according to the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank and is 1mm per wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank for heating and heat preservation for 20 min; the aluminum alloy is 6000 series aluminum alloy;
s2, heating the die to a forging temperature, cooling the aluminum alloy blank to a pre-forging temperature of 450 ℃, and pre-forging the aluminum alloy blank subjected to the solution treatment to form;
s3, performing underaging heat treatment on the pre-forged and formed part at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ for 2-8 h;
s4, preserving the heat of the underaged part at 250 ℃ for 5-10min at 200 ℃ and preheating a finish forging die to 200 ℃;
s5, carrying out isothermal die forging and finish forging forming on the part subjected to underaging treatment;
and S6, cooling the forging, cutting edges, and performing machining treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy part (final product).
The transfer time of the forge piece between the dies in multiple die forging is as short as possible, so that the influence on the mechanical property of the part caused by excessive temperature drop due to overlong transfer time is avoided.
The processing flow chart of this example is shown in FIG. 3.
By analyzing DSC curves of samples subjected to the solution treatment and the underaging heat treatment, it is found that the precipitation peak of GP zone in the solid solution state disappears after the underaging heat treatment, which indicates that Mg and Si phases in the supersaturated solid solution state have formed GP zone and partially converted to beta' and the longer the aging time, the larger the amount of conversion. And at the proper temperature, the amount of beta' increases with the aging time. When a large number of GP zones and a small number of beta' phases are generated in the time effect treatment, the sample is formed after being kept at the temperature of 200-250 ℃ for a certain time, and has a higher hardness value. Meanwhile, the temperature during forming has great influence on the hardness value after forming, and if the temperature is higher, the precipitated phase begins to be converted into a beta' phase with poor strengthening effect.
According to a large number of experimental results, the proper temperature heat preservation forming method after the pre-underaging heat treatment can give consideration to good forming capability and mechanical properties after compression forming, and can optimally control the evolution process of precipitated phases. Compared with the traditional method for regulating and controlling the performance by shaping before heat treatment, the method has higher efficiency and lower energy loss.
Example 3:
a forging process of an aluminum alloy part comprises the following steps: when the blank material of the aluminum alloy is 6082 aluminum alloy, the specific forging process and parameters are as follows:
s1, carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum alloy blank in heating equipment, wherein the temperature is 535 ℃, the heating and heat preservation time is determined according to the size of the blank, and the heating and heat preservation time is 1mm per wall thickness for 20 min;
s2, pre-forging the aluminum alloy blank subjected to the solution treatment at 450 ℃;
s3, performing underaging heat treatment on the pre-forged and formed part at the temperature of 120 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s4, preserving the heat of the underaged part for 5-10min at 200 +/-5 ℃, and preheating a finish forging die to 200 ℃;
s5, carrying out 100-300 ℃ isothermal die forging and finish forging forming on the part subjected to underaging treatment;
and S6, cooling the forging, cutting edges, and performing machining treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy part (final product).
A sample trial of an automotive control arm was made according to example 3 (as shown in fig. 4a, 4b, 4 c) and room temperature tensile testing and hardness testing was performed on the forging. And (3) completing a room temperature tensile test in a metal room temperature stretcher, performing three tensile tests and averaging to obtain a sample with the tensile strength: 335MPa, yield strength: 305 MPa. In addition, the sample surface is polished to be smooth, and the hardness value of the test sample is 120 HV. The tensile test and the hardness value show that the control arm obtained by trial production has good mechanical property and meets the requirement of the product on the property. As shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 mechanical Property requirements and measurement results
Table 1 shows that the invention ensures the material properties.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A forging process of an aluminum alloy part is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the aluminum alloy blank in heating equipment to a solid solution temperature, wherein the heating and heat preservation time is determined according to the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank and is 1mm per wall thickness of the aluminum alloy blank for heating and heat preservation for 20 min;
s2, performing underaging heat treatment;
s3, heating and preserving heat of the aluminum alloy blank after underage heat treatment and a forging die at the temperature of 100-300 ℃; preheating a finish forging die;
s4, carrying out 100-300 ℃ isothermal die forging forming on the aluminum alloy blank heated and insulated in the step S3;
and S5, cooling the forged piece obtained in the step S4, trimming, and then machining to obtain the aluminum alloy part.
2. The forging process of an aluminum alloy part according to claim 1, wherein: further comprising performing a pre-forging process after step S1: heating the die to a forging temperature, cooling the aluminum alloy blank to a pre-forging temperature, and performing pre-forging forming on the aluminum alloy blank; the forging temperature is 200-500 ℃, and the pre-forging temperature is 200-450 ℃.
3. A forging process of an aluminium alloy part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the aluminum alloy is 6000 series aluminum alloy.
4. The forging process of an aluminum alloy part according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the temperature of the underaging heat treatment is controlled at 100-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is controlled at 2-8 h; the specific temperature is determined by the position of an exothermic peak precipitated corresponding to the GP zone, and the precipitated phase is ensured to only exist in the GP zone and a small amount of beta' phase after underaging treatment.
5. The forging process of an aluminum alloy part according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the holding temperature and the finish forging temperature are determined by the position of the exothermic peak that precipitates corresponding to the β ″ region; controlling the temperature to ensure that a beta' phase cannot be further precipitated, and controlling the heat preservation time to be 1-10 min.
6. The forging process of an aluminum alloy part according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the temperature of the finish forging die is 200 ℃.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN113414546A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-09-21 | 章丘隆昌锻造有限公司 | Forging and machining process of lifting arm |
| CN114517256A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-05-20 | 先导薄膜材料有限公司 | Aluminum alloy backboard for target and processing method thereof |
| CN114525459A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Forming method of aluminum alloy section frame |
| CN114769482A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-07-22 | 东莞领益精密制造科技有限公司 | Moderate-strength aluminum alloy isothermal die forging process |
| CN117086248A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-11-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Coarse-grain elimination forging process for high-performance aluminum alloy component |
| US20230398597A1 (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-14 | Wuhan University Of Technology | Forging process for an aluminum alloy part |
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| CN117086248A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-11-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Coarse-grain elimination forging process for high-performance aluminum alloy component |
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