CN115283014A - 一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法及其应用,属于催化剂技术领域。该催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:1)将有机配体与过渡金属盐均匀分散于N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺;2)加入乙腈后将混合液置于高压反应釜进行水热处理;3)将水热所得固体经DMF和甲醇离心洗涤,冷冻干燥后得到MOF纳米片光催化剂。本发明光催化剂的制备工艺简单,比表面积较大,甲硫醇吸附强度与光吸收范围可调,可用于低浓度甲硫醇臭气的光催化净化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于光催化净化甲硫醇臭气的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
挥发性含硫有机物(Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds, VOSCs)是一类重要的恶臭污染物,嗅阈值低,毒性强,来源范围广,不仅对人类感官神经、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统等造成较大的刺激和伤害,其排放到大气中还可与NOx等发生光化学反应,造成光化学烟雾、雾霾等环境问题,严重威胁人类健康和生态环境。甲硫醇(MeSH)是一种典型的VOSCs,嗅阈值极低,被称之为“世界上最难闻的气体”,对其进行治理具有重要现实意义。吸附吸收、热力焚烧、低温等离子体、生物、催化氧化等技术在MeSH臭气净化中发挥了重要作用。然而,常规处理技术在处理低浓度MeSH臭气(<50 mg/m3)时,往往存在运行费用高、安全性不佳、运维复杂等不足。因此,探索安全经济简便的低浓度VOSCs臭气净化技术迫在眉睫。
光催化氧化技术利用催化剂受光激发产生的羟基自由基、超氧自由基等强氧化性基团降解气态污染物,兼备操作简单、反应条件温和、绿色经济等优点,在低浓度气态污染物治理中展现出巨大的应用潜力。目前,国内外研究学者围绕光催化氧化VOSCs开展了一些探索性研究。然而,现有报道的光催化剂对甲硫醇的净化效果不佳,其产生的氧化中间产物(含碳/硫有机物、SO2等)不仅易沉积在催化剂表面占据活性位点,还会逃逸至空气中引发二次污染。光催化剂是光催化氧化技术的核心,其催化性能的优劣直接决定着污染物净化降解效率的高低和产物组成,因而开发高效稳定的光催化剂始终是提高VOSCs光催化氧化效率与矿化率的重要抓手。研究表明,集吸附和催化为一体的多孔催化剂能有效促进底物的吸附活化以及活性自由基的生成,可显著提高污染物的光催化净化效率。金属有机框架材料(Metal organic frameworks,MOFs)是一类新型多孔多功能材料,兼备比表面积和孔隙率高、对反应物吸附容量大、结构与功能可调性强等独特优势,尤其是近年来发展起来的MOFs纳米片,其超薄片状结构还可显著改善气体传输,增强活性位点的暴露,更有利于污染物的吸附与催化降解。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法拟通过对MOFs的金属中心、有机配体进行筛选与优化构建,调控其对甲硫醇吸附强度和光吸收性能,研制一种甲硫醇吸附活化佳、氧化能力较强的MOFs纳米片,实现MeSH的高效净化。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种MOFs纳米片催化剂及其应用,该MOFs纳米片催化剂具有制备工艺简单、比表面积较大、甲硫醇吸附强度与光吸收范围可调等优点,可用于低浓度甲硫醇臭气的光催化净化。
为了实现上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案加以实现:
所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将有机配体与过渡金属盐溶液均匀分散于N, N-二甲基甲酰胺中,制得混合物;
2)往步骤1)制得的混合物中加入乙腈,混合后将混合液置于高压反应釜进行水热处理;
3)将步骤2)水热处理所得的固体经DMF和甲醇离心洗涤,冷冻干燥后得到MOF纳米片光催化剂。
本发明通过上述一步水热法,实现了MOFs纳米片的可控制备,制备方法简单,且具有光催化净化甲硫醇的功能。
优选地,步骤1)中,有机配体为对苯二甲酸、2-氨基对苯二甲酸、2, 5-二氨基对苯二甲酸中的任一种或一种以上的组合。
优选地,步骤1)中,过渡金属盐溶液为Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+盐溶液中的任一种或一种以上的组合。
优选地,步骤1)中,有机配体的浓度为0.02~0.2 mmol/mL,过渡金属盐溶液的浓度为0.02~0.2 mmol/mL。
优选地,步骤1)中,有机配体与过渡金属盐溶液的摩尔比为1:1~10:1。
优选地,步骤2)中,乙腈体积与步骤1)中N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:40~1:4。
优选地,步骤2)中,水热处理的温度为100~180℃,时间为10~16h。
上述制备方法得到的MOFs纳米片催化剂及其在低浓度甲硫醇臭气净化中的应用。
本发明最优选的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将2, 5-二氨基对苯二甲酸与CuCl2均匀分散于N, N-二甲基甲酰胺中;2, 5-二氨基对苯二甲酸的浓度为0.05mmol/mL,CuCl2的浓度为0.05mmol/mL,2, 5-二氨基对苯二甲酸与CuCl2的摩尔比为4:1;
2)加入乙腈混匀后,将混合液置于高压反应釜,在120 ℃条件下水热12 h;乙腈与DMF的体积比为1:20;
3)水热所得固体经DMF和甲醇离心洗涤,冷冻干燥后得到MOF纳米片光催化剂。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)本发明制备方法制得的MOFs纳米片光催化剂,比表面积大,活性位点丰富,MeSH吸附量高、吸附强度可调。传统光催化剂比表面积小,活性位点有限,VOSCs吸附量低,且吸附强度难以调控;
2)本发明制得的MOFs纳米片光催化剂,能够在可见光波段响应,具有较强的氧化能力。常规三维MOF材料仅对紫外光响应,光吸收性能较差,氧化能力欠佳;
3)本发明首次将MOFs纳米片应用于光催化净化MeSH臭气领域,填补了该领域的空白。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制得的样品的SEM图;
图2为实施例1、2所制备样品的X射线衍射(XRD)图;
图3为实施例1、2、3所制备样品的甲硫醇脱附曲线;
图4为实施例1、3、4所制备样品的UV-Vis图谱;
图5为实施例1、2、3、4所制备样品的可见光催化氧化MeSH性能测试结果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例及说明书附图对本发明做进一步描述,以便更好地理解本技术方案。
实施例1
Cu-MOF纳米片的制备:将2mmol对苯二甲酸和2mmol硝酸铜溶于40 mLDMF中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入1mL乙腈,搅拌10 min,然后将混合溶液转移至高压反应釜中,于120℃下反应10 h,待温度降至室温后,所得固体经DMF和甲醇离心洗涤,冷冻干燥后得到Cu-MOF纳米片。
对实施例1制得的产品采用日立SU8010型扫描电镜(SEM)分析样品的形貌结构,如图1所示,从图1中可知,Cu-MOF为纳米片状,大小不一。与此同时,采用北京精微高博JW-BK132F型全自动静态容量法分析仪测定该样品在液氮温度下的N2吸脱附曲线,依据Brunauer-Emmett-Teller模型进行拟合,获悉其比表面积为1060 m2 g-1.
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的制备步骤相同,不同之处仅在于所用金属盐溶液为NiCl2和ZnCl2,获得Ni-MOF和Zn-MOF纳米片。
对实施例2制得的产品采用丹东方圆DX-2700型X射线衍射(XRD)进行结构分析。如图2所示,Cu-MOF、Ni-MOF和Zn-MOF纳米片的XRD图谱。由图2可知,通过改变金属盐溶液种类,可成功合成Cu-MOF、Ni-MOF和Zn-MOF纳米片。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的制备步骤相同,不同之处仅在于所用有机配体为2-氨基对苯二甲酸和2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸。
图3为实施例1、2、3所制备催化剂的甲硫醇吸脱附曲线。由图3可知,改变MOFs的金属中心与有机配体种类可调控其对甲硫醇的吸脱附性能。金属中心Cu对甲硫醇的吸附较Zn、Ni更佳,2-氨基对苯二甲酸和2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸配体较对苯二甲酸具有更优的甲硫醇的吸脱附性能,以Cu为金属中心,以2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸为有机配制制备得到的MOFs纳米片具有最优的甲硫醇吸附量。此外,以2-氨基对苯二甲酸和2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸为配体合成的MOFs纳米片的甲硫醇脱附温度较以对苯二甲酸为配体制备的MOFs纳米片更低,更有利于甲硫醇的吸附活化。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的制备步骤相同,不同之处仅在于所用的有机配体为2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸,并将水热时间延长至12 h和16 h。
采用TU-1901型双光束紫外可见分光光度计进行紫外可见漫反射测试。图4为几个典型样品的UV-Vis图谱。由图4可知,以2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸为有机配体制备得到的MOFs纳米片较对苯二甲酸具有更优的光吸收性能,且水热时间亦会影响MOFs纳米片的光吸收性能。
实施例5
对上述各实施例中制得的MOFs纳米片光催化剂在可见光下进行光催化净化MeSH的性能测试。性能测试装置拟采用自主设计搭建的常压气固连续流反应系统,反应器由5个S型通道组成,每个通道的尺寸为30 mm×100 mm×20 mm,实验时,各通道内放置一片均匀涂覆50 mg催化剂的玻璃片(尺寸为28 mm×96 mm);甲硫醇浓度为20 ppm,相对湿度为70%,气体流量为1L/min;所用光源为北京中教金源科技有限公司CEL-WLAX500全光谱氙灯光源,配有420-nm紫外截止滤光片(模拟可见光),置于反应器正上方;反应过程中甲硫醇的浓度变化和最终产物CO2的浓度由带微硫装置和FID检测器的气相色谱检测。
图5为实施例1~4所制备样品可见光催化净化甲硫醇臭气的性能。由图可知,所有样品在可见光照射下对甲硫醇臭气有一定的净化效果;其中,以Cu为金属中心,以2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸为有机配体,120℃水热处理12h所制备得到的Cu-MOFs纳米片对甲硫醇臭气的净化效果最佳,高达67%,较g-C3N4、TiO2等催化剂效果更佳。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将有机配体与过渡金属盐溶液均匀分散于N, N-二甲基甲酰胺中,制得混合物;
2)往步骤1)制得的混合物中加入乙腈,混合后将混合液置于高压反应釜进行水热处理;
3)将步骤2)水热处理所得的固体经DMF和甲醇离心洗涤,冷冻干燥后得到MOF纳米片光催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中,有机配体为对苯二甲酸、2-氨基对苯二甲酸、2, 5-二氨基对苯二甲酸中的任一种或一种以上的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中,过渡金属盐溶液为Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+盐溶液中的任一种或一种以上的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中,有机配体的浓度为0.02~0.2 mmol/mL,过渡金属盐溶液的浓度为0.02~0.2 mmol/mL。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中,有机配体与过渡金属盐溶液的摩尔比为1:1~10:1。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中,乙腈体积与步骤1)中N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:40~1:4。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种具有甲硫醇净化功能的MOFs纳米片光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中,水热处理的温度为100~180℃,时间为10~16h。
8.一种如权利要求1~7任一所述的制备方法得到的MOFs纳米片催化剂。
9.权利要求1~7任一所述的制备方法制得的MOFs纳米片催化剂在低浓度甲硫醇臭气净化中的应用。
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