CN115281126A - 一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法 - Google Patents
一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,属于水产养殖技术领域;通过建立水产养殖系统厂房,包括微藻培养区、微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区、水产养殖成鱼养殖区四个模块,微藻培养区进行微藻的培养及微藻的絮凝收集,同时配套建设微生物处理及密封增压气液混合增氧设备的绿色高效循环水产养殖模式,微藻经过培养后,根据情况直接育苗,或者进行肥水水产养殖,或者进入微藻水产饵料区进行饵料养殖;设置微藻水产饵料区生态净化后回到微藻培养区;该养殖体系针对不同营养层次的功能区进行逐级耦合,大幅提高了水产养殖经济效益,养殖水近于零排放,不对周边农地和海区产生污染,达到高效健康的目标。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,特别是涉及一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法。
背景技术
目前,随着工厂化养殖的开展,鱼、虾、蟹及海参等均可以在养殖车间进行高效养殖。大多数水产养殖模式为开放式养殖模式或半开放式养殖模式,在养殖过程中,在水产养殖过程中面临两大难题,一是水资源,二是水产养殖所产生的环境污染问题。水产养殖业在养殖过程中会产生养殖废水,养殖池内会产生一定量的固体颗粒和有机废物等,在水体中形成氨氮、COD、总磷等污染因子,研究表明传统养殖模式自身的污染和浪费严重:网箱养殖投喂配合饲料中的氮、磷仅有9.1%和17.4%被同化,对虾养殖的饵料利用率一般也不超过30%。由于缺乏水处理专用设施,养殖动物的排泄物和残饵沉积水底,并在适宜条件下被微生物迅速分解,使养殖池水质和生态环境恶化,养殖生物的摄食、生长都受到严重影响,甚至导致中毒、疾病和死亡发生。水质和温度调节也主要靠定期的大量换水实现的,用水量非常大,所以污染总量很大,对环境造成很大的影响。同时,工厂化水产养殖要排放大量的养殖废水,这些废水氮、磷含量高,直接排放易引起周围水体的富营养化,破坏养殖用水水源,污染近海环境,严重时导致养殖生态系统失衡、紊乱。
此外,养殖水的温度和溶解氧含量等也是保障水产养殖体系正常运转的重要指标,现有大多数养殖户养殖水温度和溶解氧含量变化较大,需要对其进行实时监控。
水产养殖业饲料的可持续发展也面临着一些挑战,比如鱼粉是水产养殖饲料中主要的蛋白质来源,但是随着水产养殖规模扩大鱼粉供给日趋紧张,价格不断上涨,水产养殖成本逐年增加。然而豆粕、玉米等植物来源的蛋白质替代养殖饲料转化率较低,且近年来价格也逐步攀升。缺少高质量的鱼粉替代品及养殖水体污染这两个问题又是紧密结合在一起的。水环境的污染会造成有害菌的滋生,造成病害的频繁发生,能否寻找到高品质的鱼粉替代品成为水产养殖业发展瓶颈。
上述问题亟需解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,以解决上述现有水产养殖存在的水资源污染及缺少高质量的鱼粉替代品的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.建立水产养殖系统厂房,在所述水产养殖系统厂房内设置微藻培养区、微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区、水产养殖成鱼养殖区;
S2.将所述微藻培养区通过水泵管道分别与所述微藻水产饵料区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通,将所述微藻水产饵料区与所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通,将所述水产养殖育苗区与所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通;
S3.将所述微藻培养区中的微藻分别排入所述微藻水产饵料区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区;将所述微藻水产饵料区的饵料排入所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区;所述水产养殖育苗区的鱼苗排入所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区;所述微藻培养区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区的废水排入所述微藻水产饵料区,所述微藻水产饵料区的净水分别排入所述微藻培养区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区。
优选地,所述微藻培养区、所述微藻水产饵料区、所述水产养殖育苗区以及所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区均设有温度传感器,且温度控制在10-37℃。
优选地,所述微藻培养区配有二氧化碳充气装置。
优选地,所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区均配有密封增压气液混合增氧设备和溶解氧传感器。
优选地,所述微藻培养区在28℃条件下,培养4-8天,将40%-60%的微藻通过水泵导入所述水产养殖育苗区进行育苗,20%-50%的微藻过滤到所述微藻水产饵料区作为鱼类、浮游动物的饵料;10%-30%微藻作为水产养殖成鱼养殖区肥水;;10%-20%的微藻继续培养。
优选地,将微藻全部收集,及时接种新的微藻种液,接种量为5%;在所述微藻培养区加絮凝剂搅拌30分钟,常温静置24小时以上,去除上清液收集70%-80%的微藻,其余20%-30%的微藻投入到所述微藻水产饵料区,作为作为鱼类、浮游动物的饵料。
优选地,所述微藻水产饵料区隔断有第一水处理区和第二水处理区,所述第一水处理区和所述第二水处理区均设有水质饵料生物净化区,所述第一水处理区还设有初级沉淀净化区。
优选地,所述初级净化沉淀区水深为1.0-3.5米,种植沉水植物。
优选地,所述水质饵料生物净化区水深为1.0-2.5米,构建有水生植物-饵料-藻-菌共生系统,包括沉水植物、漂浮植物、漂浮动物、有益藻、光合细菌和根际异养菌。
优选地,所述水质饵料生物净化区定期施用有益藻种、光合细菌或营养抑菌缓释球,每月喷洒1-6次。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下有益技术效果:
本发明提供的一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,属于水产养殖技术领域;通过建立水产养殖系统厂房,包括微藻培养区、微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区、水产养殖成鱼养殖区四个模块,微藻培养区进行微藻的培养及微藻的絮凝收集,同时配套建设微生物处理及密封增压气液混合增氧设备的绿色高效循环水产养殖模式,微藻经过培养后,根据情况直接育苗,或者进行肥水水产养殖,或者进入微藻水产饵料区进行饵料养殖;设置微藻水产饵料区生态净化后回到微藻培养区;该养殖体系针对不同营养层次的功能区进行逐级耦合,大幅提高了水产养殖经济效益,养殖水近于零排放,不对周边农地和海区产生污染,达到高效健康的目标。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,以解决现有水产养殖存在的水资源污染及缺少高质量的鱼粉替代品的问题。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1:
本实施例提供一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.建立水产养殖系统厂房,在水产养殖系统厂房内设置微藻培养区、微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区、水产养殖成鱼养殖区;
S2.将微藻培养区通过水泵管道分别与微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区和水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通,将微藻水产饵料区与水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通,将水产养殖育苗区与水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通;
S3.将微藻培养区中的微藻分别排入微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区和水产养殖成鱼养殖区;将微藻水产饵料区的饵料排入水产养殖成鱼养殖区;水产养殖育苗区的鱼苗排入水产养殖成鱼养殖区;微藻培养区、水产养殖育苗区和水产养殖成鱼养殖区的废水排入微藻水产饵料区,微藻水产饵料区的净水分别排入微藻培养区、水产养殖育苗区和水产养殖成鱼养殖区。
其中,微藻培养区、微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区以及水产养殖成鱼养殖区均设有温度传感器,且根据不同藻种、鱼类及鱼龄将温度控制在10-37℃,水产养殖成鱼养殖区室温控制在25-30℃。
进一步地,微藻培养区配有二氧化碳充气装置,以保证微藻的生长。
进一步地,水产养殖育苗区和水产养殖成鱼养殖区均配有密封增压气液混合增氧设备和溶解氧传感器,以保证鱼类所需的氧气。
进一步地,微藻培养区在28℃条件下,培养4-8天,将40%-60%的微藻通过水泵导入水产养殖育苗区进行育苗,20%-50%的微藻过滤到微藻水产饵料区作为鱼类、浮游动物的饵料;10%-30%微藻作为水产养殖成鱼养殖区肥水;10%-20%的微藻继续培养。
或者,将微藻全部收集,及时接种新的微藻种液,接种量为5%;在微藻培养区加絮凝剂搅拌30分钟,常温静置24小时以上,去除上清液收集70%-80%的微藻,其余20%-30%的微藻投入到微藻水产饵料区,作为作为鱼类、浮游动物的饵料。
进一步地,微藻水产饵料区通过隔断墙体将水池隔断有第一水处理区和第二水处理区,延长废水在净化系统中的流动路径长度,并提供不同的水质净化生态环境,第一水处理区和第二水处理区均设有水质饵料生物净化区,第一水处理区还设有初级沉淀净化区。
进一步地,初级净化沉淀区水深为1.0-3.5米,种植沉水植物,沉水植物的植物株体可减缓流速,便于养殖污水微粒沉降和光能异养菌的水质净化。
进一步地,水质饵料生物净化区水深为1.0-2.5米,构建有设有曝气设施的水生植物-饵料-藻-菌共生系统,包括沉水植物、挺水植物、漂浮植物、漂浮动物、有益藻、光合细菌和根际异养菌。
其中,沉水植物为苦草、金鱼藻和狐尾藻等;挺水植物包括芦苇、慈姑和蒲草等,漂浮植物包括凤眼莲、黄花水龙;有益藻类为硅藻、绿藻、小球藻、和褐藻;微藻做为次级饵料,为轮虫、枝角类、卤虫作为饵料形成一个整体食物链,因此是鱼、虾、蟹的饵料,主要包括轮虫桡足类、蠕虫、枝角类等;有益菌包括光合细菌和益生菌、EM菌等,其中,光合细菌为光能异养菌和光能自养菌,益生菌为芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌等;在生物净化区的四周均匀设有曝气装置,曝气可显著提高水生植物-饵料-藻-菌共生系统对总氮、总磷、氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐等污染物的去除率。
进一步地,水质饵料生物净化区定期施用有益藻种、光合细菌或营养抑菌缓释球,每月喷洒1-6次,以保持稳定的水生植物-饵料-藻-菌共生系统。
需要说明的是,本发明提供的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法中,除了可以养殖鱼类,还可以养殖虾类、谢类等水产品。
本发明应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1.建立水产养殖系统厂房,在所述水产养殖系统厂房内设置微藻培养区、微藻水产饵料区、水产养殖育苗区、水产养殖成鱼养殖区;
S2.将所述微藻培养区通过水泵管道分别与所述微藻水产饵料区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通,将所述微藻水产饵料区与所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通,将所述水产养殖育苗区与所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区连通;
S3.将所述微藻培养区中的微藻分别排入所述微藻水产饵料区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区;将所述微藻水产饵料区的饵料排入所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区;所述水产养殖育苗区的鱼苗排入所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区;所述微藻培养区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区的废水排入所述微藻水产饵料区,所述微藻水产饵料区的净水分别排入所述微藻培养区、所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述微藻培养区、所述微藻水产饵料区、所述水产养殖育苗区以及所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区均设有温度传感器,且温度控制在10-37℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述微藻培养区配有二氧化碳充气装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述水产养殖育苗区和所述水产养殖成鱼养殖区均配有密封增压气液混合增氧设备和溶解氧传感器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述微藻培养区在28℃条件下,培养4-8天,将40%-60%的微藻通过水泵导入所述水产养殖育苗区进行育苗,20%-50%的微藻过滤到所述微藻水产饵料区作为鱼类、浮游动物的饵料;10%-30%微藻作为水产养殖成鱼养殖区肥水;10%-20%的微藻继续培养。
6.根据权利要求5所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:将微藻全部收集,及时接种新的微藻种液,接种量为5%;在所述微藻培养区加絮凝剂搅拌30分钟,常温静置24小时以上,去除上清液收集70%-80%的微藻,其余20%-30%的微藻投入到所述微藻水产饵料区,作为作为鱼类、浮游动物的饵料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述微藻水产饵料区隔断有第一水处理区和第二水处理区,所述第一水处理区和所述第二水处理区均设有水质饵料生物净化区,所述第一水处理区还设有初级沉淀净化区。
8.根据权利要求7所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述初级净化沉淀区水深为1.0-3.5米,种植沉水植物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述水质饵料生物净化区水深为1.0-2.5米,构建有水生植物-饵料-藻-菌共生系统,包括沉水植物、漂浮植物、漂浮动物、有益藻、光合细菌和根际异养菌。
10.根据权利要求9所述的微藻及水产养殖育苗的循环方法,其特征在于:所述水质饵料生物净化区定期施用有益藻种、光合细菌或营养抑菌缓释球,每月喷洒1-6次。
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