CN115279420A - 含有癌症干细胞特异性结合肽且与维生素b6结合的基于多元醇的聚二木糖醇基因转运体及癌症干细胞靶向治疗技术 - Google Patents
含有癌症干细胞特异性结合肽且与维生素b6结合的基于多元醇的聚二木糖醇基因转运体及癌症干细胞靶向治疗技术 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115279420A CN115279420A CN202080098491.1A CN202080098491A CN115279420A CN 115279420 A CN115279420 A CN 115279420A CN 202080098491 A CN202080098491 A CN 202080098491A CN 115279420 A CN115279420 A CN 115279420A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cancer
- nucleic acid
- cancer stem
- vbxyp
- gene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 title description 6
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002626 targeted therapy Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 44
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 108091033409 CRISPR Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 201000010915 Glioblastoma multiforme Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 20
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010354 CRISPR gene editing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acryloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=C HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 DNA-RNA hybrid Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 108091062183 EsiRNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 108091027967 Small hairpin RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000994 Catalytic RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010000830 Acute leukaemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000018084 Bone neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010006143 Brain stem glioma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010007953 Central nervous system lymphoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010030155 Oesophageal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000000821 Parathyroid Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000002471 Penile Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010034299 Penile cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000007913 Pituitary Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000005746 Pituitary adenoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010061538 Pituitary tumour benign Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000015634 Rectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000021712 Soft tissue sarcoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000024207 chronic leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000030381 cutaneous melanoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000004101 esophageal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000020984 malignant renal pelvis neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000026045 malignant tumor of parathyroid gland Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000021310 pituitary gland adenoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000016800 primary central nervous system lymphoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010038038 rectal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000001275 rectum cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000007444 renal pelvis carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000003708 skin melanoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010062261 spinal cord neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037965 uterine sarcoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000003741 Gastrointestinal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 108091027544 Subgenomic mRNA Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 201000002313 intestinal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 208000032271 Malignant tumor of penis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 102000013380 Smoothened Receptor Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010090739 Smoothened Receptor Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 206010046431 Urethral cancer Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 206010046458 Urethral neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 201000001343 fallopian tube carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 208000013013 vulvar carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001476 gene delivery Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 14
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011394 anticancer treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 112
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 43
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 29
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- NGVDGCNFYWLIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(COP(O)(O)=O)C(C=O)=C1O NGVDGCNFYWLIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000007682 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011589 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 102100040120 Prominin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- UPNUQQDXHCUWSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-(4-azido-2-nitroanilino)hexanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)O)CC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCCCCNC1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UPNUQQDXHCUWSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000003693 Hedgehog Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000031 Hedgehog Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CDEURGJCGCHYFH-DJLDLDEBSA-N 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C#C)=C1 CDEURGJCGCHYFH-DJLDLDEBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylserin Natural products OC(=O)C(N)COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000003782 apoptosis assay Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000010362 genome editing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 5
- OBYNJKLOYWCXEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(dimethylamino)-6-dimethylazaniumylidenexanthen-9-yl]-4-isothiocyanatobenzoate Chemical compound C=12C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2OC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C1C([O-])=O OBYNJKLOYWCXEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000001163 endosome Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010872 live dead assay kit Methods 0.000 description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 4
- NHZMQXZHNVQTQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxamine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN)=C1O NHZMQXZHNVQTQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108090000672 Annexin A5 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004121 Annexin A5 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012288 TUNEL assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazol-2-ium-5-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1N1[N+](C=2C=CC(I)=CC=2)=NC(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=N1 JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003954 umbilical cord Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 3
- QJGDGUBLGKFNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-azido-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N=[N+]=[N-] QJGDGUBLGKFNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDGWQMRUWMSZIU-LQDDAWAPSA-M 2,3-bis[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]propyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC LDGWQMRUWMSZIU-LQDDAWAPSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BEWVAZNECYSPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-azepine Chemical compound C1CC=CC=CN1 BEWVAZNECYSPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010455 CRISPR delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010356 CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010008286 DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100033215 DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000702421 Dependoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010026389 Gramicidin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700005077 Viral Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 108010004469 allophycocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101150038500 cas9 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001516 cell proliferation assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940044683 chemotherapy drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical class C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940045109 genistein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000006539 genistein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N genistein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009459 hedgehog signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- QZKKOQQIVLXUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C)=C1O QZKKOQQIVLXUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003365 immunocytochemistry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003125 immunofluorescent labeling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000065 osmolyte Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003076 paracrine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000729 poly(L-lysine) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003581 pyridoxal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000008164 pyridoxal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011674 pyridoxal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008151 pyridoxamine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011699 pyridoxamine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008160 pyridoxine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011677 pyridoxine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008410 smoothened signaling pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 108091005703 transmembrane proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000035160 transmembrane proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(Cl)(=O)=O GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000003556 vascular endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YZAZXIUFBCPZGB-QZOPMXJLSA-N (z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O YZAZXIUFBCPZGB-QZOPMXJLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNQJJVRYTGYFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-azacyclohepta-2,4,6,7-tetraene Chemical compound C1=CC=C=NC=C1 JNQJJVRYTGYFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000972 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C1=C(N=C(*)S1)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010005465 AC133 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005908 AC133 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000014644 Brain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091079001 CRISPR RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010453 CRISPR/Cas method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose, microcrystalline Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001342 Fallopian tube cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013452 Fallopian tube neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012413 Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150066002 GFP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010024612 Lipoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108700019961 Neoplasm Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000048850 Neoplasm Genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710163270 Nuclease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034574 P protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920001165 Poly(4-hydroxy-l-proline ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001340896 Pyralis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108700025716 Tumor Suppressor Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044209 Tumor Suppressor Genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000006593 Urologic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004354 Vulvar Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRRMZXFOOGQMFA-UHFFFAOYSA-J YoYo-1 Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[I-].[I-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(C=C2N(C3=CC=CC=C3O2)C)=CC=[N+]1CCC[N+](C)(C)CCC[N+](C)(C)CCC[N+](C1=CC=CC=C11)=CC=C1C=C1N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2O1 GRRMZXFOOGQMFA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- PGAVKCOVUIYSFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 PGAVKCOVUIYSFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011319 anticancer therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-JQWOJBOSSA-N bafilomycin A1 Chemical compound CO[C@H]1\C=C\C=C(C)\C[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)\C=C(/C)\C=C(OC)\C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@]1(O)O[C@H](C(C)C)[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1 XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-JQWOJBOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-ZGOPVUMHSA-N bafilomycin A1 Natural products CO[C@H]1C=CC=C(C)C[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C=C(C)C=C(OC)C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@]1(O)O[C@H](C(C)C)[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1 XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-ZGOPVUMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bafliomycin A1 Natural products COC1C=CC=C(C)CC(C)C(O)C(C)C=C(C)C=C(OC)C(=O)OC1C(C)C(O)C(C)C1(O)OC(C(C)C)C(C)C(O)C1 XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004958 brain cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006189 buccal tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002771 cell marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002390 cell membrane structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004700 cellular uptake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004624 confocal microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000235 effect on cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000431 effect on proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002518 glial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000405 induce cancer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011061 large intestine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000865 mononuclear phagocyte system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108091008819 oncoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000027450 oncoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000014207 opsonization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010837 poor prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001327 pyridoxal phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011127 radiochemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000002314 small intestine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012385 systemic delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001578 tight junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0008—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition
- A61K48/0025—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid
- A61K48/0041—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid the non-active part being polymeric
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/22—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0075—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the delivery route, e.g. oral, subcutaneous
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1135—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/90—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome
- C12N15/902—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome using homologous recombination
- C12N15/907—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome using homologous recombination in mammalian cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12N9/22—Ribonucleases RNAses, DNAses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/111—General methods applicable to biologically active non-coding nucleic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering N.A.
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/20—Type of nucleic acid involving clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPRs]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
- C12N2310/35—Nature of the modification
- C12N2310/351—Conjugate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2320/00—Applications; Uses
- C12N2320/30—Special therapeutic applications
- C12N2320/32—Special delivery means, e.g. tissue-specific
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/80—Vectors containing sites for inducing double-stranded breaks, e.g. meganuclease restriction sites
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有维生素B6和癌症干细胞靶向肽(TR‑7)的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VBXYP‑P)及其制备方法。此外,本发明涉及一种核酸递送复合物和基因治疗用药学组合物,所述核酸递送复合物由所述基因转运体与治疗性核酸结合而成,所述基因治疗用药学组合物包含该复合物作为活性成分。此外,本发明涉及所述基因转运体、基因递送复合物以及利用其的基因治疗。与现有核酸转运体相比,根据本发明的VBXYP‑P对癌症干细胞具有非常高的核酸递送效率,并且已证实其在与DNA结合时几乎没有偶联物的细胞毒性,而且透过血脑屏障对脑肿瘤内的癌症干细胞进行转化的效率非常高。因此,本发明的基因转运体可通过靶向癌症干细胞来递送治疗基因并诱导癌症干细胞的死亡,并且通过与其它传统的抗癌治疗方法同时开展治疗,可以为治愈肿瘤提供新的疗法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合物(VBXYP-P)的制备方法,所述复合物通过在结合有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VB-PdXYP或VBXYP)上粘附癌症干细胞靶向肽(TR-7peptide)来制备。此外,本发明涉及一种核酸递送复合物和基因治疗用药学组合物,所述核酸递送复合物由所述基因转运体与治疗性核酸结合而成,所述基因治疗用药学组合物包含所述复合物作为活性成分。此外,本发明涉及基因转运体、基因递送复合物和利用其的癌干细胞的治疗。
背景技术
多形性胶质母细胞瘤作为四级星形细胞瘤,是最常见的恶性脑肿瘤,其预后差且生存率低。由于仅通过手术治疗不能完全切除浸润性肿瘤,因此经常会尝试放化疗以防止复发。然而,一些处于潜伏期的癌症干细胞会逃避治疗,并且会在日后增殖和转移以产生对放化疗有抵抗力的新肿瘤,这就是肿瘤复发的原因。为了防止肿瘤复发并彻底治疗多形性胶质母细胞瘤,有必要从肿瘤内部靶向癌症干细胞并去除癌症干细胞。然而,癌症干细胞会通过过度表达药物外排转运体以产生对化疗药物的耐药性,从而使治疗药物失效。为了克服这些难题,利用CRISPR基因剪切技术(CRISPR/Cas9)和小干扰RNA(small interferingRNA,siRNA)技术的癌症干细胞基因组编辑治疗法的相关研究作为癌症治疗的替代疗法正引起人们的关注。近期的CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术允许在基因组的特定位置添加、去除或改变遗传物质,并且比现有的其它基因组编辑方法更快、更便宜、更准确和更有效。CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑工具由两种构成要素构成。第一部分是单链RNA(sgRNA),将当前的基因递送系统引导至基因组中的特定编辑位点,第二部分是具有DNA催化活性的Cas9蛋白在该特定位点切割基因组。此时,可以插入或删除所需的序列,以得到所需的基因序列。
使用CRISPR-cas9系统分解影响肿瘤中癌细胞存活和复发的癌症干细胞的主要信号通路,可以通过诱导癌症干细胞死亡,提供一种可去除肿瘤的根源的创新的肿瘤治疗方法。对癌症干细胞的存活和维持具有重要意义的音猬因子信号(Sonic Hedgehogsignaling)由中间调节剂平滑膜蛋白(Smoothened,SMO)介导。因此,这种平滑蛋白被归类为致癌蛋白,并且是化学抗癌药物治疗的靶点。然而,当用化疗药物治疗癌症干细胞时,癌症干细胞通过增加相应药物的外排转运体的表达而获得耐药性,从而躲避传统的抗癌治疗。因此,本发明人将提出一种通过合成可以靶向癌症干细胞的基因转运体并使用CRISPR-cas9系统通过抑制根本性的平滑蛋白的表达来诱导癌症干细胞凋亡的新方法。通过对癌症干细胞进行基因组基因编辑以诱导癌症干细胞的凋亡乃至整个肿瘤的凋亡,这有望为恶性肿瘤的治疗提供一种新的选择。因此,基因转运体的开发持续被要求,该基因转运体被设计为高效地向多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的癌症干细胞递送能够诱导癌症干细胞死亡的核酸治疗剂。
然而,针对脑部疾病的治疗效果通常欠佳,这是因为,治疗药物无法透过血脑屏障(Blood Brain Barrier,BBB)。血脑屏障是限制物质从血液转移到脑组织的一种血管结构,主要由外部毛细血管内皮细胞紧密结合形成,血脑屏障围绕血管周边,据悉,血脑屏障对包括核酸在内的大分子不可渗透。具体而言,脂溶性物质可渗到透血脑屏障,但如极性物质和强电解质等非脂溶性物质则不能很好地渗透。血脑屏障虽然具有保护脑组织免受有害物质侵害的优点,但它还具有会阻碍脑组织治疗所需的放射性同位素、色素、药物等的输送的缺点。在很难将极性化合物通过血脑屏障输送到脑组织的情况下,输送核酸这种具有强极性的大分子的就更加困难。除了血脑屏障外,体内核酸酶降解、免疫清除(immuneclearance)、细胞进入困难、脱靶沉积(off target deposition)等生物干扰机制造成了基因转移到脑组织的难度。
由于通过病毒载体的基因递送大多数不能通过全身给药(systemic delivery)穿过血脑屏障,因此通常将其直接注射/输注到大脑中。然而,转导输注部位有限,直接注射方法则具有侵入脑组织的问题。因此,为了通过全身治疗提高向脑组织的物质递送效率,已尝试通过动脉注射甘露醇等渗透剂来增加血脑屏障的渗透性。具体来说,用高渗甘露醇预处理组织以松开细胞之间的紧密结合,并且用各种基因/药物递送载体进行处理。然而,甘露醇的作用短暂,30分钟后即会消失,有时效果甚至会在引入药物或DNA之前消失。此外,所述甘露醇的全身治疗会带来增加血脑屏障整体渗透性的效果,因此无法仅增加特定物质的渗透性。
即使基因通过了血脑屏障,也必需通过细胞摄取(cellular up-take)和内体捕获(endosomal trapping)过程才能将其传递到靶细胞,因此向靶细胞递送基因是最大的障碍和需要解决的课题。因此,需要一种通过靶向癌症干细胞来准确递送基因的递送转运体。为了靶向癌症干细胞,本发明人关注到了一种癌症干细胞的特异性标志因子,即一种被称为prominin-1的跨膜蛋白CD133。在几种靶向因子中,这种跨膜蛋白在癌症干细胞表面的表达最为常见。一些研究人员已经发现了可以靶向这种靶向因子的抗体或特异性肽。本发明人关注到由7个氨基酸组成的CD133特异性反应肽TR-7(TISWPPR),为了靶向癌症干细胞表面上存在的CD133,本发明人尝试了包含肽的基因转运体的合成。
基因转运体应具有低毒性或者不含毒性,并且应能够选择性且有效地将基因递送至所需细胞。此类核酸转运体可分为病毒和非病毒类型。直到最近,在临床试验中,作为核酸转运体使用了转导效率高的病毒载体(viral vector)。然而,逆转录病毒(retrovirus)、腺病毒(adenovirus)、腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus)等病毒载体不仅制造工艺复杂,而且还具有免疫原性、感染可能性、诱导炎症、非特异性DNA的插入等安全问题,并且由于可容纳的DNA尺寸有限,在应用于人体时存在诸多限制。因此,目前非病毒载体(non-viral vector)作为病毒载体的替代品受到了诸多关注。
非病毒载体具有将免疫反应降到最小、可重复给药、可特异性递送至特定细胞、储存稳定性好、易于大规模生产等优点。此类非病毒载体例如包括阳离子脂质体(liposome)家族N-[1-(2,3-二油基氧基)丙基]-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(DOTMA)、烷基铵(alkylammonium)、阳离子胆固醇衍生物(cationic cholesterol derivatives)和短杆菌肽(gramicidin)等。
近期,因非病毒载体中的阳离子聚合物可以通过离子键与带负电的DNA形成复合物,因此引起了广泛关注。这样的阳离子聚合物包括聚-L-赖氨酸(PLL)、聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)、聚[α-(4-氨基丁基)-L-乙醇酸]、聚酰胺胺树枝状聚合物、聚[N,N'-(二甲基氨基)乙基]甲基丙烯酸酯(PDMAEMA)等,它们通过压缩DNA形成纳米颗粒,从而可以保护DNA免于酶降解,并且可以迅速渗透到细胞内部以帮助脱离核内体(endosome)。与病毒载体相比,大多数非病毒载体具有可生物降解、毒性低、非免疫原性和使用方便等优点,但也存在转导效率相对较低、粒径尺寸有限等问题。
尤其,大多数用作非病毒载体的阳离子聚合物虽然在低血清浓度环境的试管中显示出高的转导效率,但是在体内环境时,阳离子聚合物/基因复合物的转导效率会因受到血清中存在的各种因素的影响而受到严重抑制,因此具有基因无法顺利导入至细胞的问题。这是因为,在体内时,阳离子聚合物/基因复合物的表面产生过多的正电荷并而诱导与血浆蛋白和血液成分的非特异性相互作用而引起的。因此,在存在大量血清的活体时,即如果不是试管内无血清培养基或血清浓度极低的环境,阳离子聚合物的转导效率会显着降低,如果将其直接应用到体内时,可引起肺、肝、脾的聚集、蓄积、网状内皮系统引起的调理作用(opsonization)和消除,因此上述阳离子聚合物的治疗应用不得不受到很大限制。聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为一种非病毒载体被广泛研究,但其在体内的转导效率极为低下,并且由于高细胞毒性和低血液相容性,因此同样存在基因表达效果低等问题。因此,亟需开发一种维持现有非病毒载体的优势的同时提高转导效率的核酸转运体。
本发明人开发了几种基因转运体,其中,在表现出非常低的细胞毒性、木糖醇二聚体框架对血脑屏障(blood brain barrier,BB)的高渗透性、由于渗透活性而增加的膜通透性、促进细胞内摄取和聚乙烯亚胺框架的质子海绵效应带来的显著提升的转化效率的聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine,PEI)上键合二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dixylitol diacrylate)而制备的多元醇的渗透基因转运体与维生素B6和癌症干细胞特异性粘附肽(TR-7)结合时,不仅对癌症干细胞的基因递送效率高,而且可以通过靶向多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的癌症干细胞来递送基因,本发明通过以上发现而完成。
发明内容
技术课题
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种与癌症干细胞靶向肽偶联的基于聚二木糖醇的聚合物基因转运体,其作为能够靶向癌症干细胞的基因转运体,具有显着提高的转化效率而没有细胞毒性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于所述聚二木糖醇的靶向聚合物基因转运体的制备方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种在所述基于聚二木糖醇的聚合物基因转运体上结合治疗性核酸的核酸递送复合物。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种用于基因治疗的药学组合物,其含有核酸递送复合物作为活性成分。
课题解决方案
作为实现上述目的的一个方面,提供将先前发明的聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)(式3)作为初始主链粘附维生素B6,同时配备有在癌症干细胞的靶向因子CD133蛋白上特异性地结合的肽(TR-7 peptide)的基因转运体(VBXYP-P)。本发明通过改进已开发的基因转运体——聚二木糖醇聚合物基因基因转运体(PdXYP、VB-PdXYP(VBXYP))而开发,可以通过靶向癌症干细胞来传递基因。本发明的基因转运体可以具有以下化学式1的结构。
[化学式1]
磺胺嘧啶-6[4'-叠氮基-2'-硝基苯氨基]己酸(sulfosuccinimidyl-6-[4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino]hexanoate,Sulfo-SANPAH)具有化学式2的结构。利用该连接体,制备了在先前开发的VB-PdXYP(VBXYP)基因转运体上结合有癌症干细胞特异性反应肽(TR-7peptide)的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(Dixylitol diacrylate VB-PEI-TR7peptide copolymer,VBXYP-P)。
[化学式2]
本发明的磺基-SANPAH是异双功能(heterobifunctional)交联剂(crosslinker)。该交联剂的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-hydroxysuccinimide,NHS)可在pH7-9的缓冲溶液环境中与转运体的低分子量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的伯胺基形成稳定的酰胺键(amide bond),并且通过300-460nm的紫外光反应,叠氮硝基苯(Nitrophenyl azide)可通过二氢氮杂中间体(Dehydroazepine intermediate)与癌症干细胞特异性肽TR-7的胺基结合,由此可以制备VBXYP-P(图3)。
本发明的术语TR-7由可以特异性结合到特异性存在于癌症干细胞表面的CD133蛋白的共计7个氨基酸组成的肽。该序列由苏氨酸-异亮氨酸-苏氨酸-色氨酸-脯氨酸-脯氨酸-精氨酸(Thr-Ile-Ser-Trp-Pro-Pro-Arg)组成。TR-7的名称取自在该序列的第一个氨基酸和最后一个氨基酸的首字母。当使用与癌症干细胞表面的CD133进行特异性反应而含有TR-7的基因转运体时,TR-7可以靶向癌症干细胞以提高递送治疗性核酸的可能性。
本发明的术语基于聚二木糖醇聚合物的基因转运蛋白(polydixylitol polymerbased gene transporter,PdXYP)是本发明人获得专利授权的基因转运体(10-1809795)。该转运体通过丙酮/木糖醇缩合法制备二木糖醇(di-xylitol),使用丙烯酰氯(acryloylchloride)酯化所述二木糖醇以制备二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dXYA),并且可以通过二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯与低分子量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的迈克尔加成反应(Micheal additionreaction)制备(图1)。
[化学式3]
术语“木糖醇”是指一种化学式为C5H12O5的糖醇基天然甜味剂。其从桦树和橡树等提取,具有独特的五碳糖结构。为了制备本发明的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体,使用了作为木糖醇二聚体的二糖醇。
术语“氯化丙烯酰基(acryloyl chloride)”也可以称为2-丙烯酰氯或丙烯酰氯。该化合物具有与水反应生成丙烯酸,或者与羧酸钠盐反应形成酸酐(anhydride),又或者与醇反应形成酯基的特点。在本发明的一个具体实施例中,通过将作为一种糖醇的二聚体木糖醇与丙烯酰氯进行反应并酯化以形成了二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dXYA)。
术语“聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine,PEI)”是一种阳离子聚合物,具有伯氨基、仲氨基和叔氨基,摩尔质量为1,000至100,000g/mol,其可有效地将阴离子核酸压缩成胶体颗粒,由于其pH响应性缓冲能力,因此具有很高的基因递送效率,从而可以有效地将基因传递到试管和体内的各种细胞中。在本发明中,聚乙烯亚胺可以是由以下化学式4表示的直链型(linear)或由以下化学式5表示的支链型(branched-type),考虑到细胞毒性,其分子量为低分子量,优选为50至10,000Da(基于重均分子量)。聚乙烯亚胺可溶于水、醇、乙二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、酯类等,并且不溶于高分子烃类、油酸(oleic acid)、乙醚。
[化学式4]
[化学式5]
此外,本发明最终的基因转运体的框架是一种在所述聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体上额外连接维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体,亦可称为结合由维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VB-PdXYP(VBXYP))。额外连接有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体可以具有以下化学式6的结构。
[化学式6]
术语“维生素B6”以吡哆醇(pyridoxine,PN)、吡哆醛(pyridoxal,PL)、吡哆胺(pyridoxamine,PM)或各磷酸化形式(PNP、PLP、PMP)等存在,其被用作许多生物活性酶的辅酶。尤其,当作为辅酶使用时,主要以PLP和PMP的形式使用,PLP是众所周知的具有非常大的生物活性的形式。本发明的活性维生素B6(5'磷酸吡哆醛,pyridoxal 5'phosphate,PLP)可以具有以下化学式7的结构。
[化学式7]
通过使5'磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxal 5'phosphate,PLP)与上面制备的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体反应形成瞬时席夫碱(transient Schiff base)。此后,使用NaCNBH4对其进行还原以获得了结合有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(图2)。
本发明的VBXYP-P通过靶向结合存在于癌症干细胞的细胞膜上的CD133,诱导转运体粘附在细胞膜上,如此粘附在细胞膜上后,通过聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体的质子海绵效应,可以有效地诱导细胞内核酸流入,从而显着提高转化效率。此外,其细胞毒性非常低,因此可作为基因转运体有效地用于基因治疗。因此,与普通的癌细胞相比,其可以显示出对癌症干细胞的高转化效率(图8、9、10)。
为了有效的基因传递,本发明的VBXYP-P基因转运体优选具有在1,000至100,000Da范围内的分子量(基于重均分子量)。此外,在本发明的基因转运体上结合核酸的递送复合物优选地具有1到100mV范围内的Zeta电位(zeta potential)以进行有效的基因传递,尤其可以具有25至50mV的Zeta电位。当表现出上述范围的物理化学性质时,本基因转运体可以有效地导入至细胞的内体(endosome)。
作为另一方面,本发明提供一种VBXYP-P的制备方法,其包括:使用丙烯酰氯(acryloyl chloride)酯化二木糖醇以二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dXYA)的步骤,以及将其与低分子量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)进行反应以获得聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)的步骤,进一步包括:在PdXYP上结合维生素B6的步骤,具体为在含有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VB-VBXYP[VBXYP])上连接癌症干细胞靶向肽TR-7并利用磺基-SANPAH偶联物。
具体地,本发明的VBXYP-P基因转运体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
a步骤,使用木糖醇和丙酮通过丙酮/木糖醇缩合法制备二木糖醇(di-xylitol);
b步骤,使用丙烯酰氯(acryloyl chloride)酯化通过a步骤制备的二木糖醇以制备二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dXYA);
c步骤,在通过所述b步骤制备的二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯和低分子量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)之间执行迈克尔加成反应,得到聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP);以及
d步骤,将维生素B6与c步骤中制备的聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)进行结合;
e步骤,将癌症干细胞靶向肽(TR-7)与在所述d步骤中制备的含有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物(VBXYP)进行结合,
即包括维生素B6和TR-7肽。
另一方面,本发明提供一种核酸递送复合物,其中治疗性核酸与VBXYP-P基因转运体结合。
能够与本发明的VBXYP-P结合的治疗用核酸的种类没有特别限制,能够根据本发明的目的递送到期望的靶标而发挥期望的治疗效果的任何核酸都包括在本发明的范围内。例如,可以与本发明的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体以复合物形式递送的基因可以包括疾病相关治疗性核酸的正常基因、抑制靶蛋白表达的基因、包括反义多核苷酸在内的大大小小的多核苷酸,以及包括核酶或siRNA在内的任何RNA形态的基因。即,本发明的治疗性核酸可以是含有CRISPR sgRNA和Cas 9基因的质粒形态,并且可以是选自由siRNA(smallinterfering RNA)、shRNA(small hairpin RNA)、esiRNA(endoribonuclease-preparedsiRNAs)、反义寡核苷酸、DNA、单链RNA、双链RNA、DNA-RNA杂合体(hybrid)和核酶组成的组的形态。本发明的治疗性核酸可以是用于过表达或抑制引起特定疾病的基因的核酸,尤其可以是抑制作用于癌症发展和复发的癌症干细胞基因(oncogene)的表达的对应于CRISPRsgRNA、siRNA(small interfering RNA)、shRNA(small hairpin RNA)、esiRNA(endoribonuclease-prepared siRNAs)、反义寡核苷酸的核酸,或者可以是诱导作用于癌症发生或进展的基因(tumor suppressor gene)的表达的核酸。
尤其,在本发明中,治疗性核酸可以是包括针对癌症干细胞的自我更新信号系统之一的声波刺猬信号通路的调节因子的平滑蛋白(Smoothened,SMO)的SMO CRISPR sgRNA(序列:TATCGTGCCGGAAGAACTCC和AGGAGGTGCGTAACCGCATC)和cas9的质粒、siRNA或其复合体esiRNA,这可以是SMO siRNA(esiRNA,Cat No:4392420)。
为了有效地形成根据本发明的基因递送复合物,治疗性核酸和VBXYP-P基因转运体的摩尔比以1:0.5至1:100,优选以1:10至1:40,更优选以1:12至1:28进行反应
为了调查根据本发明的VBXYP-P基因转运体对于治疗核酸的缩合能力(condensation capability)和Zeta电位,本发明人以各种摩尔比使VBXYP-P基因转运体和DNA进行了反应,结果已证实当它们的摩尔比为1:0.5或更大时,VBXYP-P基因转运体和基因递送复合体(PdXYA/DNA)会最有效地形成(图4)。还证实了根据本发明的核酸递送复合物表现出平均150至200nm的相对较小且均匀的粒度分布(图5的(a)),因此不仅具有适合用作基因转运体的粒度,而且因为表面电荷表现出25至40mV的正Zeta电位(图5b),因此可以有效地结合到阴离子细胞表面。
本发明人观察VBXYP-P在癌症干细胞中的摄取和降解过程,并确认了细胞毒性(图6、图7)。基因转运体很容易被细胞吸收并且易于降解释放到细胞外,因此可以预期细胞的毒性很低,MTT分析的结证明,与对癌症干细胞和多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株表现出高毒性的25kD PEI相比,VBXYP-P的细胞几乎没有显示出毒性。
为了确认VBXYP-P对癌症干细胞的靶向能力,本发明人还比较分析了代表性的非病毒基因转运体与未粘附TR-7的VBXYP的基因递送能力(图9)。已证实,在带有绿色荧光蛋白基因的几种转运体中,只有VBXYP-P表现出了显着高的基因递送能力(约60%)。
本发明人确认了当SMO CRISPR(SMOcr)加载到VBXYP-P上并递送至癌症干细胞时是否可以诱导细胞凋亡。结果证实,进行VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的癌症干细胞实验组具有最低的细胞增殖能力(图11、图12、图13),并且证实了细胞凋亡的发生(图14,图15),虽然仅抑制了SMO的表达,但是信号体系中的其它蛋白的表达随之减少,因此在蛋白水平上证实了抑制SMO的表达可以诱导细胞凋亡(图16,17)。
本发明人确认了当SMO siRNA(siSMO)加载到VBXYP-P上并递送至癌症干细胞时是否可以诱导细胞凋亡。结果发现了与使用所述CRISPR抑制SMO的表达时几乎相同的结果。证实了进行VBXYP-P/siSMO处理的癌症干细胞实验组具有最低的细胞增殖能力(图18、图19、图20),并且证实了细胞凋亡的发生(图21,图22),虽然仅抑制了SMO的表达,但是信号体系中的其它蛋白的表达随之减少,因此在蛋白水平上证实了抑制SMO的表达可以诱导细胞凋亡(图23,24)。
最后,为了确认可否通过使VBXYP-P透过血脑屏障并靶向多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的癌症干细胞以递送基因,研究团队使用试管内3D微流体系统执行了实验(图25、图26、图27)。结果证实,VBXYP-P可以通过BBB,并且可以在通过后靶向多形性胶质母细胞瘤中极少量存在的癌症干细胞并传递基因。
作为另一个方面,本发明提供一种用于基因治疗的药学组合物,其包含在所述VBXYP-P上结合治疗性核酸的核酸递送复合物作为有效成分。本发明的药学组合物可以用于治疗或预防可进行基因治疗的疾病,这取决于构成它的治疗性核酸的类型。
本发明的药学组合物可与药学上可接受的载体一起给药,口服给药时,除所述活性成分外,还可包括粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、增溶剂、分散剂、稳定剂、助悬剂、色素、香料等。用作注射剂时,本发明的药学组合物可以通过混合缓冲剂、防腐剂、镇痛剂、增溶剂、等渗剂、稳定剂等来使用。此外,在局部给药时,本发明的组合物可以使用基质、赋形剂、润滑剂、防腐剂等。
本发明的组合物的剂型可以通过与如上所述的药学上可接受的载体混合以各种方式制备,尤其可以制备成吸入给药或注射给药的制剂。例如,在口服给药时,可以制备成片剂、锭剂、胶囊、酏剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂、威化剂等形式,用作注射剂时,可以制备成单位剂量的安瓿药液或多种给药形式。可以配置成其它溶液、混悬剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊、缓释制剂等。通过吸入(inhalation)给药是无创方法(non-invasive)之一,尤其,在肺部疾病的广泛治疗当中,这种利用吸入给药的制剂(例如气雾剂)的治疗方式可以有利地用于核酸递送。这是因为肺部的人体解剖学结构和位置允许立即和非侵入性进入,并且可以在不影响其它器官的情况下接受基因传递系统的局部应用。
另外,作为适合制剂化的载体、赋形剂和稀释剂的示例,可以使用乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸盐、明胶、磷酸钙、硅酸钙、纤维素、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁或矿物油等。此外,还可包括填充剂、抗凝剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、香料、防腐剂等。
本发明的药学组合物可以口服或非口服给药。根据本发明的药学组合物的给药途径不限于此,例如,可以口服,可以向静脉内、肌肉内、动脉内、髓内、鞘内、心内、经皮、皮下、腹膜内、肠内、舌下给药或局部给药。为了如上所述的临床给药,可以利用已知技术将本发明的药学组合物配制成合适的制剂。例如,口服给药时,可以将其与惰性稀释剂或可食用载体混合并通过将其密封在硬或软明胶胶囊中来给药,或者可以将其压制成片剂来给药。口服给药时,活性成分可以与赋形剂混合并以可摄取的片剂、口腔片剂、锭剂、胶囊剂、酏剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂、威化饼等形式使用。此外,注射剂、肠胃外给药等各种剂型可以根据本技术领域公知的技术方法或者通用的技术方法制备。
本发明的药学组合物的有效剂量根据患者的体重、年龄、性别、健康状况、饮食、给药时间、给药方法、排泄率和疾病严重程度等而有所不同,具体可以由本领域的普通技术人员容易地确定。
本发明的药学组合物可以是由构成其的治疗性核酸和转运体中所含的靶向肽(TR-7)抑制癌症干细胞的平滑蛋白(Smoothened,SMO)的表达,从而靶向杀灭癌症干细胞的组合物,该治疗性核酸可以是包含SMO CRISPR sgRNA(序列:TATCGTGCCGGAAGAACTCC或AGGAGGTGCGTAACCGCATC)和cas9的质粒或SMO siRNA(esiRNA,化学文摘登记号:4392420)。本发明的药学组合物可能具有治疗或预防癌症干细胞的作用,这取决于构成它的治疗性核酸的类型,所述癌症可以选自由肺癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、皮肤黑色素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、大肠癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫肉瘤、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、食道癌、小肠癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、前列腺癌、慢性或急性白血病、儿童实体瘤、分化淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾癌症、肾细胞癌、肾盂癌、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、脊髓肿瘤、脑干胶质瘤和垂体腺瘤组成的组。
作为另一方面,本发明提供一种利用上述本发明的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体、包括其的核酸递送复合物、或者包括其的药学组合物的基因癌症干细胞的治疗方法。
发明效果
与现有核酸转运体相比,根据本发明的结合有维生素B6和癌症干细胞特异性肽的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VBXYP-P)对癌症干细胞具有非常高的核酸递送率,并且在与DNA结合时几乎没有偶联物的细胞毒性,最重要的是,已经证实其可以穿过血脑屏障并靶向多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的癌症干细胞,从而特异性地递送核酸并进行转化。因此,本发明的基因转运体可通过在体内抑制肿瘤内癌症干细胞的表达而广泛用于各种癌症疾病的基因治疗领域。
附图说明
图1是示出作为本发明的初始框架的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(PdXYA)的合成过程的图。
图2是示出作为本发明的框架的结合有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VB-PdXYA)的合成过程的图。
图3的(a)是示出磺基-SANPAH与转运体的合成过程的图,该合成过程用于在本发明的基因转运体上粘附癌症干细胞的靶标TR-7。
图3的(b)是示出本发明的结合有磺基-SANPAH的转运体与癌症干细胞的靶标TR-7的合成过程的图。
图4示出了本发明的聚合物基因转运体VBXYP-P与siRNA或pDNA结合而形成复合物(polyplex)时的成形性的凝胶滞缓实验的结果。是示出以0.05、0.1、0.3、0.5、1.0的摩尔比(N/P)使VBXYP-P与siRNA反应而生成的PdXYP-P/siRNA复合物的凝胶电泳结果的图。
图5是比较作为本发明的聚合物基因转运体的框架的VBXYP与粘附有TR-7的VBXYP-P的大小和Zeta电位的结果。
图6示出了本发明的VBXYP-P与绿色荧光蛋白基因(tGFP plasmid)复合物在癌症干细胞的细胞内摄取和降解的过程。
图7示出了通过MTT法分析和评价本发明的VBXYP-P在癌症干细胞(Cancer stemcell,CSC)和多形性胶质母细胞瘤(Gliblastoma multiforme,GBM)中的试管内细胞毒性并且与PEI 25kDa和VBXYP进行比较的图。
图8是将本发明的VBXYP-P与DNA以各种重量比(w/w 2:1、4:1、6:1、8:1、10:1、20:1)进行反应而产生的VBXYP/DNA复合物在癌症干细胞和多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株中进行处理并比较荧光的表达结果的图。
图9是示出通过将所述基因转运体和各种其它基因转运体(脂质体(lipofectamin)、PEI 25kD、VBPEA)与绿色荧光蛋白基因(tGFP gene)结合而获得的核酸递送复合体与癌症干细胞和多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株进行处理并比较荧光的表达结果的图,用于调查本发明的VBXYP-P基因转运体转化效率。
图10是使用荧光激活细胞分选流式细胞分选仪(Fluorescence-activated cellsorting flow cytometry,FACS)对本发明的VBXYP-P的癌症干细胞靶向程度进行比较分析的结果。
图11是分析将本发明的VBXYP-P和平滑蛋白(Smoothened,SMO)CRISPR-cas9质粒(CRISPR-cas9 plasmid)复合物递送至癌症干细胞时对于癌症干细胞的增殖产生的影响的细胞活/死测定分析(cell live/dead assay)的结果。
图12是将本发明的VBXYP-P和SMO CRISPR(SMOcr)复合物递送至癌症干细胞时通过WST-1分析来评价在癌症干细胞(Cancer stem cell,CSC)中的细胞增殖的差异的图。
图13是将本发明的VBXYP-P和SMO CRISPR(SMOcr)复合物递送至癌症干细胞时通过5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷(5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine,EdU)细胞增殖分析法比较和评估细胞增殖程度的图。
图14是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO CRISPR递送至癌症干细胞后通过隧道试验(TUNEL assay)评估细胞凋亡的结果。
图15是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO CRISPR递送至癌症干细胞后通过细胞凋亡检测(Annexin V assay)评估细胞凋亡的结果。
图16是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO CRISPR递送至癌症干细胞后通过免疫细胞化学染色(Immunocytochemistry staining,ICC staining)评估分析平滑蛋白(SMO)和声波刺猬蛋白(Shh)表达量的变化的结果。
图17是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO CRISPR递送至癌症干细胞后通过蛋白印迹法(western blot)蛋白定量分析评估平滑蛋白(SMO)和声刺猬蛋白(Shh)的表达量变化的结果。
图18是分析将本发明的VBXYP-P和平滑蛋白(Smoothened,SMO)siRNA的复合物递送至癌症干细胞时对于癌症干细胞增殖产生的影响的细胞活/死分析(cell live/deadassay)的结果。
图19是通过WST-1分析在将本发明的VBXYP-P和SMO siRNA的复合物递送至癌症干细胞时在癌症干细胞(Cancer stem cell,CSC)中的细胞增殖差异的比较评估图。
图20是将本发明的VBXYP-P和SMO siRNA(siSMO)的复合物递送至癌症干细胞时通过的5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷(5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine,EdU)细胞增殖分析法比较和评估细胞增殖程度的图。
图21是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO siRNA递送至癌症干细胞后通过隧道试验(TUNEL assay)评估细胞死亡的结果。
图22是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO siRNA递送至癌症干细胞后通过细胞凋亡检测(Annexin V assay)评估细胞凋亡的结果。
图23是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO siRNA递送至癌症干细胞后通过免疫细胞化学染色(Immunocytochemistry staining,ICC staining)评估分析平滑蛋白(SMO)和声波刺猬蛋白(Shh)表达量的变化的结果。
图24是使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMO siRNA递送至癌症干细胞后通过蛋白印迹法(western blot)蛋白定量分析评估平滑蛋白(SMO)和声刺猬蛋白(Shh)的表达量变化的结果。
图25是使用在内部培养作为脑细胞的星形胶质细胞(astrocyte)且在外部通道培养人脐带血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)以在试管内模拟三维BBB结构的微流芯片,定性分析本发明的VBXYP-P和VBXYP是否通过BBB的确认结果和向BBB内部细胞递送tGFP时的转化成度的结果。
图26是使用三维微流BBB模型芯片,在内部仅培养癌症干细胞且在外部通道培养HUVEC以构成BBB模型,并且由此比较分析VBXYP-P和tGFP复合物BBB是否通过以及基因是否传递至癌症干细胞的结果。
图27是使用三维微流BBB模型芯片,在内部仅培养多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株且在外部通道培养HUVEC以构成BBB模型,并且由此比较分析VBXYPd和VBXYP-P的多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞内部是否有癌症干细胞靶向基因传递。
最佳实施方式
作为本发明的一个实施例,提供将先前发明的聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)(化学式3)作为初始主链粘附维生素B6,同时提供在配备有在癌症干细胞的靶向因子CD133蛋白上特异性地结合的肽(TR-7peptide)的基因转运体(VBXYP-P)。本发明通过改进已开发的基因转运体——聚二木糖醇聚合物基因基因转运体(PdXYP、VB-PdXYP(VBXYP))而开发,可以通过靶向癌症干细胞来传递基因。本发明的基因转运体可以具有以下化学式1的结构。
[化学式1]
磺胺嘧啶-6[4'-叠氮基-2'-硝基苯氨基]己酸(sulfosuccinimidyl-6-[4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino]hexanoate,Sulfo-SANPAH)具有化学式2的结构。利用该连接体,制备了在先前开发的VB-PdXYP(VBXYP)基因转运体上结合有癌症干细胞特异性反应肽(TR-7peptide)的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(Dixylitol diacrylate VB-PEI-TR7peptide copolymer,VBXYP-P)。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将通过实施例更详细地描述本发明。这些实施例仅用于描述本发明,本发明的范围不应被解释为受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1:使用的试剂和材料
在本发明中,为了制备根据本发明的含有维生素B6且粘附有癌症干细胞特异性肽TR-7的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VBXYP-P)并且证实以下实施例,使用了以下试剂。
bPEI(branched Poly(ester imine),Mn:1.2k和25k)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO,dimethyl sulfoxide)、丙烯酰氯(Acryloyl chloride)、木糖醇(Xylitol)、5-磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxal 5-phosphate,PLP)、4'-脱氧吡哆醇盐酸盐(4'-deoxypyridoxinehydrochloride)、氰基硼氢化钠(NaCNBH4)、染料木黄酮(genistein)、氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)、巴弗洛霉素A1(bafilomycin A1)和MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑)(MTT(3-(4,5-dimethyl thioazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetra-zoliumbromide))、磺胺嘧啶-6[4'-叠氮基-2'-硝基苯氨基]己酸(sulfosuccinimidyl-6-[4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino]hexanoate,Sulfo-SANPAH)等试剂为西格玛化学品公司(St.Louis,MO,USA)的产品。癌症干细胞标志物CD133的结合肽TR-7通过A&PEP公司合成。此外,对荧光素酶(firefly,Photonus pyralis)进行加密的荧光素酶报告系统(Luciferasereporter)、pGL3-载体和增强剂由普洛麦格(Promega,Madison,WI,USA)提供。绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein)基因获自Clontech(Clontech,Palo Alto,CA,USA)。共聚焦显微镜分析采用了异硫氰酸四甲基罗丹明(TRITC,Tetramethylrhodamineisothiocyanate)和YOYO-1碘化物(Molecular Probes,Invitrogen,Oregon,USA)染料。Scrambled siRNA(siScr)购自Genolution Pharmaceuticals Inc.,韩国,Smooth siRNA(siSMO)购自赛默飞世尔科技公司(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)。此外,Smooth SMOCRISPR(SMOcr)购自金思特科技(Genscript,USA)。最后,3D BBB微流芯片购自Synvivo(USA)。
实施例2:制备结合有维生素B6和TR-7肽的基于多元醇的渗透聚二木糖醇聚合物
基因转运体
根据本发明的结合有维生素B6和TR-7肽的基于多元醇的渗透聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VBXYP-P)通过以下五个步骤合成。本发明的基因转运体通过对发明人先前发明的专利材料进行改良和改进而发明。因此,前面直到第四步骤均引用了授权专利(10-1809795)。
2-1.合成二木糖醇
本发明人着眼于羟基的数量和立体化学(stereochemistry)对于细胞间传递的影响,通过调节渗透活性羟基尝试开发了具有更高细胞内递送效率的基因递送材料。由于不存在市售的具有8个羟基的糖醇,本发明人通过图1的过程亲自合成了作为八聚体类似物的木糖醇二聚体——二木糖醇(dixylitol)。
具体而言,首先通过Raymond和Hudson的丙酮/木糖醇缩合方法将木糖醇结晶成了双丙酮木糖醇(diacetone xylitol,Xy-Ac)晶体。通过将双丙酮木糖醇的末端羟基与三氟甲基磺酰氯(CF3SO2-O-SO2CF3)反应生成了三氟甲磺酰木糖醇(trifluoromethanesulphonyl xylitol,TMSDX)。将制备的三氟甲磺酰基木糖醇与相同摩尔量的双丙酮木糖醇在无水THF存在的条件下反应形成二木糖醇双丙酮(Xy-Ac二聚体)。通过在HCl/MeOH溶液中开环,最终将该反应产物转化为木糖醇二聚体(图1的(a))。
2-2.合成二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯
使用2当量的丙烯酰氯酯化二木糖醇酯化二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dXYA)单体以合成二糖醇。将二木糖醇(1g)溶于DMF(20ml)和吡啶(10ml)中,均匀地搅拌并在4℃下滴加丙烯酰氯溶液(溶解5ml的DMF中的1.2ml)以制备乳液。反应完成后,过滤HCl-吡啶盐,将所述滤液滴加到乙醚中。将所述产物以糖浆溶液形式沉淀并在真空下干燥。
2-3.合成聚木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)
本发明的聚木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)通过低分子量聚亚乙基亚胺(bPEI,1.2k)与二丙烯酸二木糖醇(dXYA)之间的迈克尔加成反应制备。
具体而言,将溶解在DMSO(5mL)中的合成dXYA(0.38g)滴加到1当量的bPEI(1.2kDa,溶解在10mL的DMSO中)中,在60℃均匀地搅拌24小时进行反应。反应完成后,使用Spectra/Por膜(MWCO:3500Da;Spectrum Medical Industries,Inc.,Los Angeles,CA,USA)将混合物在4℃的蒸馏水中透析36小时。最后,将所述合成聚合物冻干并储存在-70℃。
2-4.合成结合有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VB-PdXYP或VBXYP)
反应5'磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxal 5'phosphate,PLP)和聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(PdXYP),使形成瞬态席夫碱(transient Schiff base)。之后,利用NaCNBH4进行还原,从而获得结合维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VB-PdXYP或VBXYP)(图2)。
2.5合成结合维生素B6和TR-7的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VBXYP-P)
Sulfo-SANPAH的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-hydroxysuccinimide,NHS)可在pH7-9的缓冲溶液环境中与VBXYP基因转运体的低分子量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的伯胺基形成稳定的酰胺键(amide bond),并且通过300-460nm的紫外光反应,叠氮硝基苯(Nitrophenyl azide)可通过二氢氮杂中间体(Dehydroazepine intermediate)与癌症干细胞特异性肽TR-7的胺基结合,由此获得了VBXYP-P(图3)。
实施例3:聚合物基因转运体的表征分析
3-1.形成聚合物基因转运体的纳米复合物(VBXYP-P nanoplex)
本发明的VBXYP-P通过凝胶滞缓实验确认了与pDNA或siRNA结合形成复合物的能力。具体而言,使得PdXYP与pDNA或siRNA以0.05、0.1、0.3、0.5和1.0的摩尔比(N/P)反应后,通过凝胶电泳所生成的VBXYP-P/pDNA或VBXYP-P/siRNA复合物进行了凝胶滞缓实验。结果证实,VBXYP-P/siRNA的摩尔比N/P为0.3、0.5、1时可良好地形成复合物(图4的(a)),VBXYP-P/DNA的摩尔比N/P为0.5、1时可良好地形成复合物(图4的(b))。
3-2.聚合物基因转运体的纳米复合物(VBXYP-P nanoplex)的尺寸和Zeta电位
使用动态光散射装置(dynamic light scattering)比较分析了本发明的VBXYP-P与之前发明的VBXYP的尺寸和Zeta电位(图5)。结果显示,VBXYP-P的尺寸大于VBXYP,并且VBXYP的Zeta电位大于或或等于VBXYP-P的Zeta电位。理论上,由于TR-7肽会粘附到PdXYP的胺基,因此Zeta电位会降低。
3-3.聚合物基因转运体的纳米复合物(VBXYP-P nanoplex)的细胞内摄取和细胞
毒性评估
图6示出了VBXYP-P的细胞内摄取和降解的过程。将呈现红色荧光的TRITC标记到VBXYP-P基因转运体后,形成绿色荧光蛋白基因和复合物以处理癌症干细胞,放置7天并进行观察。结果发现,三小时后在所有细胞中发现了带有红色荧光的VBXYP-P。然而,在7天期间确认到了红色荧光逐渐消失且绿色荧光在细胞中大量表达的情况。这意味着转运体不仅被癌症干细胞很好地吸收,而且基因递送良好,因此未滞留在细胞内。如上所述,当转运体被良好地讲解并且排放到细胞外部,可以与其细胞毒性会下降。
图7是VBXYP-P对于癌症干细胞和多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株的细胞毒性分析结果。一同比较了在基因递送中常用的25kD PEI和先前发明的VBXYP的细胞毒性。结果发现,与具有高毒性的25kD PEI相比,VBXYP-P几乎没有显示出细胞毒性。
实施例4:结合有维生素B6和TR-7肽的基于多元醇的渗透聚二木糖醇聚合物基因
转运体
确认对癌症干细胞显示出最佳基因传递率的VBXYP-P与基因的比例(w/w)后发现,以8∶1的比例制备的复合物具有最高的基因递送能力(图8)。
此外,为了确认VBXYP-P的癌症干细胞靶向基因递送能力,本发明人比较了与先前发明的基因转运体和几种市售非病毒基因转运体(Lipofectamine 3000,25kD PEI,VBPEA,PdXYP,VBXYP)的基因递送效率(图9)。结果显示,只有VBXYP-P转运体以非常高的效率进行了转化。未粘附癌症干细胞靶向肽TR-7的VBXYP-P实现了约3%的转化,VBXYP-P则诱导了约60%的转化。通过这些结果,证实了TR-7对靶向癌症干细胞具有显着的作用。
此外,还发现了一个非常有趣的结果。未粘附TR-7的VBXYP对于癌症干细胞的转化效率虽然很低,但是与其它载体相比,对于多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株显示出了最高的转化效率。当使用在先专利(10-2015-0014399,10-1809795)中已进行确认的结合有维生素B6的基因转运体时,确认到了对于癌细胞的高基因递送效率同样适用于其它细胞株。由于癌组织消耗大量维生素B6,因此细胞外维生素B6的吸收率高。因此,与维生素B6结合的基因转运体可能对癌症组织具有特异性基因递送能力。尽管VBXYP-P同样含有维生素B6,但已证实对于多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞株的基因递送能力率低于5%。由此可以预测,TR-7的靶向递送优于维生素B6的基因递送。
为了更准确地确认VBXYP-P对于癌症干细胞靶向基因的递送能力,将癌症干细胞标记为粘附有别藻蓝蛋白(Allophycocyanin,APC)的CD133抗体,经VBXYP-P/GFP处理后通过FACS分析比较了靶向能力(图10)。结果发现,VBXYP-P的靶向能力明显高于不含TR-7的VBXYP。
实施例5:使用VBXYP-P和CRISPR-cas9系统诱导癌症干细胞平滑(Smoothened,
SMO)蛋白的敲除(Knock-out)以诱导细胞凋亡
5-1.递送平滑CRISPR(SMOcr)后癌症干细胞的细胞增殖变化
首先,通过细胞活/死(live/dead)分析确认了用VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理后癌症干细胞增殖能力的变化(图11)。活细胞呈现绿色荧光,垂死细胞呈现红色荧光。实验结果证实,经过VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的癌症干细胞组中垂死的细胞比率最高。并且,在WST-1增殖评估中,经过VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的实验组获得了有意义的结果(图12)。最后,通过与新合成的基因结合来显示荧光的EdU分析,确认了SMOcr递送对癌症干细胞的增殖能力的影响(图13)。结果,与实验结果相同,经过VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的实验组显示出了最低的荧光表达。通过这些结果,确认了SMOcr递送可以大大降低癌症干细胞的增殖能力,并且由此构建了可以诱导细胞凋亡的假设。
5-2.确认平滑CRISPR(SMOcr)递送后癌症干细胞的凋亡(Apoptosis)诱导
为了确认递送SMOcr是否可以诱导癌症干细胞的凋亡,进行了原位末端凋亡分析(TUNEL assay)和磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻(Annexin V)分析(图14,图15)。原位末端凋亡分析采用了TUNEL比色分析(Colormetric tunel assay)方法。该分析方法利用一种称为末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase,TdT)的酶,通过将三磷酸尿苷(uridine triphosphate,UTP)结合到受损DNA的3'端,可以通过光学显微镜容易地观察被染色的呈现深棕色的凋亡细胞。实验结果,在用VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的癌症干细胞试验组中观察到的深棕色最多。
磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻分析方法是通过与在细胞凋亡的早期因细胞膜结构被破坏而从细胞内部暴露到细胞外的磷脂酰丝氨酸(Phosphatidylserine)结合而显示荧光,从而由此确认细胞凋亡早期状态的方法。本实验的结果与原位末端凋亡分析的结果一样,在用VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的实验组中表现出了最多的荧光。通过这些结果,证明了可以通过使用SMOcr敲除癌症干细胞的SMO蛋白来诱导癌症干细胞的死亡。
5-3.敲除平滑蛋白后蛋白表达的分析
使用本发明的VBXYP-P将SMOcr递送至癌症干细胞后诱导SMO的敲除,并通过免疫荧光染色方法分析了由此产生的蛋白表达变化(图16)。结果,与其它实验组相比,用VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理过的癌症干细胞表达出了最低的SMO蛋白(绿色)和声波刺猬(Shh)蛋白,通过蛋白印迹法进行的定量分析也出现了相同结果(图17)。与对照组相比,SMO蛋白降低约86%,Shh蛋白降低了约92%。Shh蛋白会通过自分泌(autocraine)或旁分泌(paracrine)方式从调度(Dispatch)蛋白释放出来,然而通过抑制SMO蛋白的表达,将出现细胞凋亡并释放出不完全的Shh,因此Shh蛋白的量自然会减少。Shh是启动用于诱导癌症干细胞的自我更新的刺猬信号通路的重要蛋白。然而,敲除SMO可降低Shh蛋白的表达,从而可以降低癌症干细胞的自我更新能力并加速细胞凋亡。
通过如上所述的结果,本发明人证明了在用VBXYP-P/SMOcr处理的癌症干细胞中抑制SMO蛋白的表达可降低Shh蛋白的表达,并且随着自我更新途径的破坏,可以诱导细胞凋亡。
实施例6:使用VBXYP-P和siRNA诱导癌症干细胞平滑(Smoothened,SMO)蛋白的敲
除(Knock-out)以诱导细胞凋亡
6-1.递送平滑siRNA(siSMO)后癌症干细胞的细胞增殖变化
用VBXYP-P/siSMO处理后,为了确认癌症干细胞的增殖能力变化,进行了细胞活/死(live/dead)分析、WST-1细胞增殖评估以及Edu分析(图18、图19、图20)。结果,确认到了与递送所述VBXYP-P/SMOcr时相同的结果。在三种细胞增殖能力评估中确认到了用VBXYP-P/siRNA处理的癌症干细胞试验组的细胞增殖减少得最明显。通过以上结果,确认了通过递送siSMO敲除SMO蛋白同样可以在很大程度上减少癌症干细胞的增殖能力,由此建立了可以诱导细胞死亡的假说。
6-2.确认递送siRNA(siSMO)对于癌症干细胞的凋亡(Apoptosis)诱导
递送siSMO诱导SMO的敲除后,进行了上述用于确认细胞凋亡的原位末端凋亡分析和磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻分析(图21,图22)。结果发现,使用VBXYP-P将siSMO递送至癌症干细胞的实验组中发生的细胞凋亡最多。
6-3.敲减平滑蛋白后蛋白表达的分析
通过免疫荧光染色方法和蛋白印迹法蛋白定量分析比较分析了通过使用本发明的VBXYP-P将siSMO递送至癌症干细胞来诱导SMO蛋白的敲减时的蛋白表达的变化(图23,图24)。结果证实,用VBXYP-P/siSMO处理的癌症干细胞实验组中SMO蛋白和Shh蛋白的表达最低。蛋白印迹法蛋白定量分析证明,与未经任何处理的对照组相比,用VBXYP-P/siSMO处理的实验组的SMO蛋白含量减少约74%,Shh蛋白含量减少了约63%。基于以上结果,本发明人通过上述内容已证明,与使用SMOcr敲除SMO以诱导癌症干细胞凋亡类似,随着经过VBXYP-P/siSMO处理的癌症干细胞的SMO被敲除,可以减少Shh蛋白的表达,并且当自我更新途径被破坏时,可以诱导细胞凋亡。
实施例7:通过透过血脑屏障(blood brain barrier,BBB)和脑肿瘤屏障(brain
tumor barrier,BTB)将基因靶向递送至多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的癌症干细胞
7-1.使用3D
BBB微流控芯片构建BBB和BTB仿真模型
在三维BBB微流控芯片中心培养星形胶质细胞(astrocyte)模拟脑组织,在外部培养人脐带血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)模拟血管后,通过使用注射泵使培养基在与血管对应的位置流动(0.02~0.5μL/min),诱导了与实际血管相似的状态。并且,在芯片中心培养多形性胶质母细胞或癌症干细胞以模拟BTB,在外部培养人脐带血管内皮细胞后使得培养基连续流向外部血管部分(0.02~0.5μL/min)以诱导生成为与实际血管相似。
7-2.VBXYP和VBXYP-P的BBB透过率比较
用TRITC标记VBXYP和VBXYP-P使其显示红色荧光,之后与GFP基因形成复合物并且在3D BBB微流体模型的血管部分以0.01μL/min的速率流过120分钟以定性检查渗透至培养星形胶质细胞中心部的量,并且通过图像分析计算了每种转运体的透过率。此外,确认了基因转运体在48小时后发生了多少转化。结果,VBXYP和VBXYP-P基因转运体虽然都渗透了BBB,但是VBXYP显示出了更高的BBB透过率。两个实验组在48小时后的转化程度上显示出了相似的结果(图25)。
7-3.VBXYP-P对于癌症干细胞的靶向基因递送
使VBXYP-P/GFP以0.01μL/min的流速连续120分钟流向在中心部培养有癌症干细胞的3D微流控芯片内的血管部,由此确认了通过透过模拟血管可以将多少基因传递到中心部的细胞中(图26)。结果显示,此时的透过率明显低于向单纯的BBB模型流动时的透过率。然而,48小时后,与星形胶质细胞的转化率相比,癌症干细胞的显示出了极高的转化率。这相当于通过3D BTB模型再次证实了通过上述实验证实的VBXYP-P对癌症干细胞的高转化能力。与星形胶质细胞相比,肿瘤细胞在增殖时具有非常高的密度,因此基因转运体的透过率可能较低,但已证实利用靶向性基因转运体即可将所需基因递送至靶标。最后,在3D微流控芯片中心培养多形性胶质母细胞瘤并且在血管部使VBXYP-P/GFP和VBXYP/GFP分别以0.01μL/min的速度流动120分钟,由此比较了基因转运体的透过率和48小时以后的转化程度(图27)。结果显示,与将每个转运体应用于一般BBB模型时相比,整体透射率显着降低,但每个转运体的透射率模式相似。同样,在本模型中,VBXYP/GFP的透射率高于VBXYP-P/GFP的透过率。但是,在48小时后,在用VBXYP-P/GFP处理过的实验组中发现了转化率明显更高的细胞。通过这些结果,不仅证实了VBXYP-P可以穿过BBB和BTB,而且在本发明中证明了可以通过靶向肿瘤内极少量存在的癌症干细胞来传递基因。
通过以上所有的实施例,发明了可以靶向癌症干细胞的VBXYP-P基因转运体,并且示出和阐明了可以通过在该转运体上使用通过破坏癌症干细胞的自我更新信号系统诱导细胞凋亡的平滑(Smoothened,SMO)CRISPR和siRNA来诱导细胞凋亡。并且,还通过3D微流控系统证明了本发明的基因转运体不仅可以透过BBB,还可以靶向脑肿瘤内的癌症干细胞。
通过以上描述,本发明所属技术领域的技术人员应理解的是,本发明可以以其它具体形式实施,而不改变其技术思想或必要特征。有关这一点,应理解的是,以上描述的实施例在所有方面都是示例性的,而不是限制性的。本发明的范围应被解释为包括在上述的发明内容之后描述的权利要求书的含义和范围以及通过等同的概念导出的任何修改或改变。
工业化应用
与现有核酸转运体相比,根据本发明的结合有维生素B6和癌症干细胞特异性肽的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体(VBXYP-P)对癌症干细胞具有非常高的核酸递送率,并且在与DNA结合时几乎没有偶联物的细胞毒性,最重要的是,已经证实其可以穿过血脑屏障并靶向多形性胶质母细胞瘤中的癌症干细胞,从而特异性地递送核酸并进行转化。因此,本发明的基因转运体可通过在体内抑制肿瘤内癌症干细胞的表达而广泛用于各种癌症疾病的基因治疗领域。
Claims (19)
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体,所述转运体透过血脑屏障(BBB)。
3.一种聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
a步骤,使用木糖醇和丙酮,通过丙酮/木糖醇缩合法制备二木糖醇;
b步骤,使用丙烯酰氯酯化通过a步骤制备的二木糖醇以制备二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯(dXYA);
c步骤,在通过所述b步骤制备的二木糖醇二丙烯酸酯和低分子量聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)之间执行迈克尔加成反应,从而得到聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP);以及
d步骤,将在所述c步骤中制备的聚二木糖醇聚合物(PdXYP)与维生素B6进行结合;
e步骤,将在所述d步骤中制备的含有维生素B6的聚二木糖醇聚合物(VBXYP)与癌症干细胞靶向肽(TR-7)进行结合,
所述聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体包括维生素B6和TR-7肽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的核酸递送复合物,所述核酸递送复合物由VBXYP-P基因转运体与CRISPR基因结合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的核酸递送复合物,所述核酸递送复合物由VBXYP-P基因转运体与siRNA结合而成。
6.根据权利要求4和权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述核酸与聚二木糖醇聚合物基因转运体以1:0.5至1:100的摩尔比结合。
7.根据权利要求4和权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述核酸递送复合物具有50nm至200nm的平均粒径。
8.根据权利要求4和权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述核酸递送复合物表现出25mV至40mV范围的Zeta电位。
9.根据权利要求4所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述治疗性核酸为由CRISPR sgRNA和Cas9基因组成为一个质粒的形式。
10.根据权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述治疗性核酸是选自由siRNA、shRNA、esiRNA、反义寡核苷酸、DNA、单链RNA、双链RNA、DNA-RNA杂合体和核酶组成的组的形态。
11.根据权利要求4所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述治疗性核酸敲除癌症干细胞的平滑蛋白(SMO)。
12.根据权利要求4所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述治疗性核酸包含抑制平滑蛋白表达的sgRNA,所述sgRNA作为SMO CRISPR,对应序列为“TATCGTGCCGGAAGAACTCC”和“AGGAGGTGCGTAACCGCATC”,所述SMO CRISPR购自Genescript。
13.根据权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述治疗性核酸敲减癌症干细胞的平滑蛋白(SMO)。
14.根据权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物,其中,所述治疗性核酸包含抑制平滑蛋白表达的esiRNA,所述esiRNA作为SMO siRNA,对应于目录号4392420,所述SMO siRNA购自Thermo Fisher。
15.一种用于基因治疗的药学组合物,其包含权利要求4和权利要求5所述的核酸递送复合物作为活性成分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的组合物,其中,所述核酸递送复合物被配制成吸入给药的剂型或注射给药的剂型。
17.根据权利要求15所述的组合物,其中,包括在所述核酸递送复合物中的治疗性核酸靶向癌症干细胞以抑制平滑蛋白(SMO)的表达。
18.根据权利要求17所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物具有治疗或预防癌症的效果。
19.根据权利要求18所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述癌症不限于多形性胶质母细胞瘤,并且选自由肺癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、皮肤黑色素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、大肠癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫肉瘤、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、食道癌、小肠癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、前列腺癌、慢性或急性白血病、儿童实体瘤、分化淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾癌症、肾细胞癌、肾盂癌、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、脊髓肿瘤、脑干胶质瘤和垂体腺瘤组成的组。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020200031434A KR102417733B1 (ko) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | 암 줄기세포 특이 결합 펩타이드를 함유하고 비타민 b6가 결합된 폴리올 기반 폴리디자일리톨 유전자전달체 및 암 줄기세포 표적 치료 기술 |
PCT/KR2020/003566 WO2021182663A1 (ko) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | 암 줄기세포 특이 결합 펩타이드를 함유하고 비타민 b6가 결합된 폴리올 기반 폴리디자일리톨 유전자전달체 및 암 줄기세포 표적 치료 기술 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115279420A true CN115279420A (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
CN115279420B CN115279420B (zh) | 2024-05-28 |
Family
ID=77671840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202080098491.1A Active CN115279420B (zh) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-03-13 | 含有癌症干细胞特异性结合肽且与维生素b6结合的基于多元醇的聚二木糖醇基因转运体 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230098307A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7535327B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102417733B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN115279420B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2021182663A1 (zh) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20150014399A (ko) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-06 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 비타민 b6 결합 핵산 전달체 및 이를 이용한 유전자 암치료 |
KR20160053789A (ko) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-13 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 폴리올계 삼투압적 폴리디자일리톨 폴리머 유전자 전달체 및 이의 용도 |
WO2016174250A1 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-11-03 | Rodos Biotarget Gmbh | Targeted nanocarriers for targeted drud delivery of gene therapeutics |
-
2020
- 2020-03-13 US US17/802,509 patent/US20230098307A1/en active Pending
- 2020-03-13 JP JP2022555099A patent/JP7535327B2/ja active Active
- 2020-03-13 KR KR1020200031434A patent/KR102417733B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2020-03-13 CN CN202080098491.1A patent/CN115279420B/zh active Active
- 2020-03-13 WO PCT/KR2020/003566 patent/WO2021182663A1/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20150014399A (ko) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-06 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 비타민 b6 결합 핵산 전달체 및 이를 이용한 유전자 암치료 |
KR20160053789A (ko) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-13 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 폴리올계 삼투압적 폴리디자일리톨 폴리머 유전자 전달체 및 이의 용도 |
WO2016174250A1 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-11-03 | Rodos Biotarget Gmbh | Targeted nanocarriers for targeted drud delivery of gene therapeutics |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JIANWEN ZHOU: "Combined using of paclitaxel and salinomycin active targeting nanostructured lipid carriers against non-small cell lung cancer and cancer stem cells", RESEARCH ARTICLE, vol. 26, no. 1, pages 281 - 289, XP055845778, DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1580799 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230098307A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
KR20210115532A (ko) | 2021-09-27 |
JP2023518019A (ja) | 2023-04-27 |
WO2021182663A1 (ko) | 2021-09-16 |
KR102417733B1 (ko) | 2022-07-07 |
JP7535327B2 (ja) | 2024-08-16 |
CN115279420B (zh) | 2024-05-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Lin et al. | Polycation-detachable nanoparticles self-assembled from mPEG-PCL-g-SS-PDMAEMA for in vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery | |
Dirisala et al. | Optimized rod length of polyplex micelles for maximizing transfection efficiency and their performance in systemic gene therapy against stroma-rich pancreatic tumors | |
US20190292549A1 (en) | Poly(ethylene glycol) brushes for efficient rna delivery | |
Kumar et al. | Folate/N-acetyl glucosamine conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeting breast cancer cells: A comparative study | |
US10415035B2 (en) | Anionic polyplexes for use in the delivery of nucleic acids | |
Kim et al. | Hyaluronic acid complexed to biodegradable poly l‐arginine for targeted delivery of siRNAs | |
Wang et al. | Dual‐targeting heparin‐based nanoparticles that re‐assemble in blood for glioma therapy through both anti‐proliferation and anti‐angiogenesis | |
US20170216445A1 (en) | Cxcr4 inhibiting carriers for nucleic acid delivery | |
Zhou et al. | A linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) drug conjugate with reversible charge to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells | |
US11246939B2 (en) | Immunoregulatory protein-siRNA complex having anticancer activity | |
KR101734018B1 (ko) | 비타민 b6 결합 핵산 전달체 및 이를 이용한 유전자 암치료 | |
KR101809795B1 (ko) | 폴리올계 삼투압적 폴리디자일리톨 폴리머 유전자 전달체 및 이의 용도 | |
CN115279420B (zh) | 含有癌症干细胞特异性结合肽且与维生素b6结合的基于多元醇的聚二木糖醇基因转运体 | |
US11305021B2 (en) | Membrane-lytic block copolymers | |
Tang et al. | A blood–brain barrier-and blood–brain tumor barrier-penetrating siRNA delivery system targeting gliomas for brain tumor immunotherapy | |
CN113648429A (zh) | 靶向肿瘤周围细胞激活免疫的聚合物及其制备方法与应用 | |
Liu et al. | Bioresponsive nanocomplex integrating cancer-associated fibroblast deactivation and immunogenic chemotherapy for rebuilding immune-excluded tumors | |
KR101459185B1 (ko) | 스페르민 공중합체 및 이를 핵산 전달체로 이용하는 유전자 치료 | |
US20240108759A1 (en) | Nucleic acid transporters in nanochain form, preparation method therefor, and pharmaceutical composition for cancer gene therapy, comprising same | |
WO2022080364A1 (ja) | 薬物送達粒子及び医薬組成物 | |
US20240141345A1 (en) | CD70-TARGETED MICELLES ENHANCE HIF2? siRNA DELIVERY AND INHIBIT ONCOGENIC FUNCTIONS IN PATIENT-DERIVED CLEAR CELL RENAL CARCINOMA CELLS | |
Xiao et al. | Application of Drug Liposomes in Gene Transfection | |
TW202018080A (zh) | Rna奈米結構,其製備方法和用途 | |
CN118496502A (zh) | 一种功能化阳离子聚合物及其药物递送系统与应用 | |
Lin | Effect of Peptide Charge, Charge Density and Identity on The Condensation of Plasmid DNA for Delivery to Hepatocytes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |