CN115275589A - Two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit and array antenna - Google Patents
Two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit and array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit and an array antenna, wherein the antenna unit comprises an antenna unit dielectric substrate with a rectangular structure and a radiation structure arranged on the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate; the radiation structure is an axisymmetric structure, and a symmetry axis passes through the center of the lower boundary of the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate and is vertical to the lower boundary; the radiating structure comprises a first resonant ring arranged at the lower part of the antenna unit dielectric substrate; a first monopole and a second monopole which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis are respectively arranged on two sides of the outer side of the first resonance ring; a second resonant ring is arranged above the first resonant ring, and a third resonant ring which has the same structure as the first resonant ring and is arranged oppositely is arranged above the second resonant ring; the structure also comprises an I-type resonance structure; the antenna unit of the invention enables the input impedance of the antenna to be adjustable by using the mode of coupling the arc monopole to the resonant ring, and has excellent tuning capability; the antenna unit realizes high directivity using a resonant ring structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit and an array antenna.
Background
Along with the rapid development of mobile communication, radar and satellite communication, the performance requirements on the antenna are gradually enhanced, wherein the miniaturization and high gain of the antenna are important for the antenna array. The aperture area of the antenna becomes smaller, and the gain of the antenna generally decreases with the size. The strength of the gain affects the ability of the antenna to radiate or receive wireless signals, and under the same condition, the higher the gain of the antenna is, the longer the transmission distance of electromagnetic waves is, which is very significant for the fields of mobile communication, radar, satellite communication and the like. Most research on miniaturization of antennas adopts a substrate with high dielectric constant or high magnetic permeability, a flow path for increasing surface current, a loaded short-circuit probe and the like, and the miniaturization of the antenna is very important for modern wireless equipment at present and has huge demand. The array antenna has the main advantages that the size of the antenna is greatly reduced, the manufacturing is simple, the cost required by antenna processing is saved, the maintenance cost is greatly reduced, and the integration is easy.
The prior art "Dual-Antenna High-Gain wide area Antenna-Uda Antenna Using Full-wavelet sector antennas" discloses an Antenna Using a ternary Yagi microstrip Antenna, which mainly comprises: a sector radiator, a circular metal planar reflector and a sector director. And the structure antenna dielectric substrate stands on the ground. The sector director of the antenna can be regarded as a parasitic structure, and the combination of the parasitic structure and the sector radiator can improve the gain, but in order to enhance the stability of the antenna, the feeding mode is complex, the loss is large, and the size is large. For example, "An extreme low profile, compact, and broadband tail coupled patch array" discloses a small-sized, very low-profile planar antenna with broadband performance. The frequency selective surface FSS itself is used as the radiating aperture, i.e. the FSS is operated as an array antenna. Compared with the traditional microstrip patch antenna with the same size and thickness, the antenna has larger size and lower array gain. For example, "a Novel Low-profile Tight-coupled Antenna" discloses a Novel Low-profile Tightly coupled Array Antenna, which is composed of a dipole, a microstrip gradient balun, a microstrip transmission line and a dielectric slab, wherein the microstrip gradient balun is used for realizing the transition from imbalance to balance between a coaxial line and the dipole. Meanwhile, the input impedance can be further adjusted by changing the length of the transmission line and the size of the balun gradient structure. Unlike conventional antenna arrays, the distance between the antenna array dipoles is very small, with a high gain of 13.2dBi under a wireless periodic array, but large in size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit and an array antenna aiming at the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit comprises an antenna unit dielectric substrate with a rectangular structure and a radiation structure arranged on the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate; the radiation structure is an axisymmetric structure, and a symmetry axis passes through the center of the lower boundary of the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate and is vertical to the lower boundary;
the radiation structure comprises a first resonance ring arranged at the lower part of the antenna unit dielectric substrate, and the first resonance ring comprises a circular first arc-shaped part and a first straight line part connected with two ends of the first arc-shaped part; the center of the first resonance ring is positioned on the symmetry axis, and a first opening part is arranged in the middle of the first straight line part; a first monopole and a second monopole which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis are respectively arranged on two sides of the outer side of the first resonance ring; the first monopole and the second monopole are of arc structures, and the circle centers of the first monopole and the second monopole are positioned on the symmetry axis;
a second resonance ring is arranged above the first resonance ring and comprises a circular second arc-shaped part and a second straight line part connected with two ends of the second arc-shaped part; the second arc-shaped part is arranged opposite to the first arc-shaped part, and the top end of the second arc-shaped part is in contact arrangement; the circle center of the second resonance ring is positioned on the symmetry axis, and a second opening part is arranged in the middle of the second linear part; a third resonant ring which has the same structure as the second resonant ring and is arranged oppositely is arranged above the second resonant ring;
the I-type resonant structure comprises a first transverse part at the upper part, a second transverse part at the lower part and a vertical part connecting the first transverse part and the second transverse part; the second transverse part is arranged in the second resonant ring, and the vertical part extends out of the second opening part and extends into the third resonant ring from the opening part of the third resonant ring; the first transverse portion is disposed within the third resonant ring.
Furthermore, the radii of the first arc-shaped part of the first resonant ring, the second arc-shaped part of the second resonant ring and the arc-shaped part of the third resonant ring are all equal.
Further, the size of the first opening portion is different from the size of the second opening portion.
An antenna array of a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit comprises an array antenna dielectric substrate, wherein the antenna units are periodically arrayed on the array antenna dielectric substrate; the antenna unit dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the surface of the array antenna dielectric substrate;
a metal floor is arranged below the array antenna dielectric substrate and in contact with the array antenna dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the array antenna dielectric substrate is provided with a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network; the second monopole feeds the two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network.
Further, the two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network comprises M one-to-N Chebyshev power division microstrip networks; the Chebyshev power division microstrip network comprises a first microstrip line, and N first Chebyshev power division patches are arranged on the microstrip line; the first Chebyshev power division patch is connected with the antenna unit through the feed branch; the center positions of the M first microstrip lines are connected through a second microstrip line; the second microstrip line and the first microstrip line form M cross points, and second Chebyshev power division patches are arranged at the positions of the M cross points; the M/2 th cross point or the (M + 1)/2 th cross point position in the M cross points is provided with a coaxial feed; the feed branches correspond to the antenna units one by one, and the values of M and N are set according to the antenna units.
Furthermore, the first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch are both rectangular patches, and the widths of the first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch are gradually increased from the middle to two sides.
Furthermore, a groove is reserved on the array antenna dielectric substrate, and the antenna unit dielectric substrate is vertically inserted on the array antenna dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the feeding branch is connected with a second monopole in the antenna unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The antenna unit of the invention enables the input impedance of the antenna to be adjustable by using the mode of coupling the arc monopole to the resonant ring, and has excellent tuning capability;
(2) The antenna unit of the invention uses the resonant ring structure to realize high directivity, can increase the same structure above to improve the directivity, and then make each resonant ring couple through the close arrangement mode to achieve the goal of miniaturization and further improving the directivity;
(3) The I-type resonance structure is added in the antenna unit, and the I-type resonance structure is combined with the resonance ring to improve the coupling between the resonance structures and improve the gain of the resonance structure;
(4) The antenna array comprises antenna units and corresponding feed networks, wherein the feed networks consist of two-dimensional Chebyshev power division microstrip networks, and the effect of low side lobes can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of an antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a S-parameter curve diagram obtained by simulation of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows E-plane and H-plane patterns obtained by simulation of the antenna array of the present invention.
In the figure: the antenna comprises a first monopole, a second monopole, a first resonant ring, a second resonant ring, a 4-second resonant ring, a 5-third resonant ring, a 6-I type resonant structure, an array antenna dielectric substrate, a 8-metal floor, a 9-Chebyshev feed power division microstrip network, a 10-feed branch knot and a 11-coaxial feed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a two-dimensional chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit includes an antenna unit dielectric substrate with a rectangular structure and a radiation structure disposed on the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate; the radiation structure is an axisymmetric structure, and a symmetry axis passes through the center of the lower boundary of the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate and is vertical to the lower boundary;
the radiation structure comprises a first resonance ring 3 arranged at the lower part of the antenna unit dielectric substrate, and the first resonance ring 3 comprises a circular first arc-shaped part and a first straight line part connected with two ends of the first arc-shaped part; the circle center of the first resonance ring 3 is positioned on the symmetry axis, and a first opening part is arranged in the middle of the first straight line part; a first monopole 1 and a second monopole 2 which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis are respectively arranged at two sides of the outer side of the first resonance ring 3; the first monopole 1 and the second monopole 2 are arc-shaped structures, and the centers of the arcs are positioned on the symmetry axis; and the centers of the circles of the first monopole 1 and the second monopole 2 are located at the same position.
A second resonance ring 4 is arranged above the first resonance ring 3, and the second resonance ring 4 comprises a circular second arc-shaped part and a second straight line part connected with two ends of the second arc-shaped part; the second arc-shaped part is arranged opposite to the first arc-shaped part, and the top end of the second arc-shaped part is in contact arrangement; the circle center of the second resonance ring 4 is positioned on the symmetry axis, and a second opening part is arranged in the middle of the second straight line part; a third resonant ring 5 which has the same structure as the second resonant ring 4 and is arranged oppositely is arranged above the second resonant ring 4;
the I-type resonant structure comprises a first transverse part at the upper part, a second transverse part at the lower part and a vertical part connecting the first transverse part and the second transverse part; the second transverse part is arranged in the second resonance ring 4, the vertical part extends out of the second opening part and extends into the third resonance ring 5 from the opening part of the third resonance ring 5; the first transverse portion is arranged within the third resonator ring 5.
The radii of the first arc part of the first resonant ring 3, the second arc part of the second resonant ring 4 and the arc part of the third resonant ring 5 are all equal. The size of the first opening portion is different from the size of the second opening portion. The opening sizes of the second resonance ring 4 and the third resonance ring 5 are the same, and the opening sizes of the first resonance ring 3 and the second resonance ring 4 are different.
A groove is reserved on the array antenna dielectric substrate 7, and the antenna unit dielectric substrate is vertically inserted on the array antenna dielectric substrate 7. The length and width of the groove are consistent with those of the antenna unit dielectric substrate, and the depth of the groove is slightly lower than the thickness of the array antenna dielectric substrate 7.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, an antenna array of a two-dimensional chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit includes an array antenna dielectric substrate 7, and antenna units are periodically arrayed on the array antenna dielectric substrate 7; the antenna unit dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the surface of the array antenna dielectric substrate 7; a metal floor 8 is arranged below the array antenna dielectric substrate 7 and in contact with the array antenna dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the array antenna dielectric substrate 7 is provided with a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network 9; the second monopole 2 feeds a two-dimensional chebyshev feed network 9.
The two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network comprises M one-to-N Chebyshev power division microstrip networks 9; the Chebyshev power division microstrip network 9 comprises a first microstrip line, and N first Chebyshev power division patches are arranged on the microstrip line; the first Chebyshev power division patch is connected with the antenna unit through the feed branch 10; the center positions of the M first microstrip lines are connected through a second microstrip line; the second microstrip line and the first microstrip line form M cross points, and second Chebyshev power division patches are arranged at the positions of the M cross points; the M/2 th cross point or the (M + 1)/2 th cross point position in the M cross points is provided with a coaxial feed 11; the feed branches 10 correspond to the antenna units one by one, and the values of M and N are set according to the antenna units. The first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch are rectangular structural patches, and the widths of the first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch are sequentially increased from the middle to two sides. The feed stub is connected to the second monopole 2 in the antenna element.
The distance between adjacent feed branches 10 may be the same or different, the first chebyshev power division patch and the second chebyshev power division patch extend from the center to the branches on both sides, the microstrips (i.e., the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line) of the chebyshev power division microstrip network 9 are in the form of high-low impedance transmission lines, and the feed branches 10 are connected out from the low-impedance branches and are in a perpendicular relationship with the low-impedance branches. The low impedance branch node gradually increases from the center to the left and the right, and presents a gradual change structure. The current ratio of the distributed power division microstrip network is gradually reduced from the center to the left and the right, and the impedance is also gradually reduced, so as to form an unequal power feed network. The first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch are not in a symmetrical structure from the center to the left and right branches, but are not limited to an asymmetrical structure, and can be in the left and right symmetrical branches. The width of the patch presents a variation trend of high and low impedance, the low impedance branch is vertically connected with one-N Chebyshev power division microstrip network, the width of the microstrip of the low impedance branch is gradually increased from the center to the top and the bottom, the low impedance branch is of a gradual change structure, and the impedance of the low impedance branch is gradually reduced from the center to the top and the bottom. The upper and lower branches from the center are not symmetrical structures, but are not limited to asymmetrical structures, and can also be symmetrical branches, so that the antenna unit can be better fed and impedance matched.
And feeding the two-dimensional Chebyshev power division microstrip network by adopting a 50-ohm coaxial feeding mode, wherein the radiation structure adopts gold plating. The antenna unit dielectric substrate adopts Rogers RO4003 (tm), the dielectric constant is about 3.55, the thickness of the substrate is 1.524mm, and the size is 7mm multiplied by 8mm. The array antenna dielectric substrate adopts Rogers RO4003 (tm), the dielectric constant is about 3.55, the thickness of the substrate is 1.524mm, and the size is 250mm multiplied by 250mm.
The first resonant ring 3 in the antenna unit is arranged at the middle position and is directly driven by the magnetic field component generated by the peripherally driven arc monopole, and the antenna of the embodiment is magnetically driven. The single-opening first resonant ring 3 is 0.3mm away from the upper interface of the array antenna dielectric substrate 7. But the open second and third resonance rings 4 and 5 are placed above the first resonance ring 3 and are mirror symmetric about the second axis of symmetry for coupling to increase gain. The first resonance ring 3, the second resonance ring 4 and the second resonance ring 5 have the same radius and width, and are similar to the single-opening first resonance ring 3, but the opening widths can be the same or different, so as to solve the problem of impedance mismatch caused by compact structure. The first monopole 1 and the second monopole 2 are respectively positioned at two sides of the first resonance ring 3 and connected with the array antenna dielectric substrate 7, so that the power distribution microstrip network can be conveniently connected for feeding. The input impedance of the antenna is changed by adjusting the length and the width of the first monopole 1 and the second monopole 2, so that the antenna achieves the effect of impedance matching. The I-type resonant structure 6 is arranged in the second resonant ring 4 and the third resonant ring 5 and is coupled with the second resonant ring 4 and the third resonant ring 5, so that the gain of the antenna is further improved.
In this embodiment, the size of the antenna array dielectric substrate is 250mm × 250mm, the antenna array dielectric substrate is coaxially located at the center of the antenna array dielectric substrate 7, the antenna is fed through the two-dimensional chebyshev power division microstrip network, and the antenna array is arranged in a 13 × 14 manner. The antenna unit radiation surface comprises three open circular ring-shaped resonance rings, two arc-shaped monopole structures and an I-shaped resonance structure. One of the two arc-shaped monopoles in the radiation surface of the antenna unit is used for feeding, and the radiation surface of the antenna unit faces the same direction.
The antenna array is simulated by using HFSS, and the S parameters of the antenna array are shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the figure, the | S _11| is < -10dB in the frequency band of 10.1 GHZ. As shown in FIG. 5, the E-plane pattern and the H-plane pattern of the simulated antenna have the maximum gain of 23.06dBi at 10.1GHZ, and the maximum side lobe of 3.91dBi, the side lobe difference of-19 dB.
The antenna has adjustable input impedance and excellent tuning capacity by coupling the arc monopole to the resonant ring. The high directivity is realized by the resonant ring structure, the same structure can be added above to improve the directivity, and the resonant rings are coupled by a compact arrangement mode to achieve the purposes of miniaturization and further improving the directivity. The antenna array consists of antenna units and corresponding feed networks, and the feed networks consist of two-dimensional Chebyshev power division and power division microstrip networks, so that the effect of low side lobe is achieved.
Claims (8)
1. A two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit is characterized by comprising an antenna unit dielectric substrate with a rectangular structure and a radiation structure arranged on the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate; the radiation structure is an axisymmetric structure, and a symmetry axis passes through the center of the lower boundary of the surface of the antenna unit dielectric substrate and is vertical to the lower boundary;
the radiation structure comprises a first resonance ring (3) arranged at the lower part of the antenna unit dielectric substrate, and the first resonance ring (3) comprises a circular first arc-shaped part and a first straight line part connected with two ends of the first arc-shaped part; the circle center of the first resonance ring (3) is positioned on the symmetry axis, and a first opening part is arranged in the middle of the first straight line part; a first monopole (1) and a second monopole (2) which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis are respectively arranged on two sides of the outer side of the first resonance ring (3); the first monopole (1) and the second monopole (2) are arc-shaped structures, and the centers of the arcs are positioned on the symmetry axis;
a second resonance ring (4) is arranged above the first resonance ring (3), and the second resonance ring (4) comprises a circular second arc-shaped part and a second straight line part connected with two ends of the second arc-shaped part; the second arc-shaped part is arranged opposite to the first arc-shaped part, and the top end of the second arc-shaped part is in contact arrangement; the circle center of the second resonance ring (4) is positioned on the symmetry axis, and a second opening part is arranged in the middle of the second linear part; a third resonant ring (5) which has the same structure as the second resonant ring and is arranged oppositely is arranged above the second resonant ring (4);
the I-type resonance structure comprises a first transverse part at the upper part, a second transverse part at the lower part and a vertical part connecting the first transverse part and the second transverse part; the second transverse part is arranged in the second resonant ring (4), the vertical part extends out of the second opening part and extends into the third resonant ring (5) from the opening part of the third resonant ring (5); the first transverse portion is disposed within the third resonant ring (5).
2. A two-dimensional chebyshev feed network fully coupled resonant loop antenna unit in accordance with claim 1, wherein the radii of the first arc-shaped part of the first resonant loop (3), the second arc-shaped part of the second resonant loop (4) and the arc-shaped part of the third resonant loop (5) are all equal.
3. A two-dimensional chebyshev feed network fully coupled resonant loop antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first aperture is of a different size to said second aperture.
4. An antenna array adopting the two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, comprising an array antenna dielectric substrate (7), wherein the antenna units are periodically arrayed on the array antenna dielectric substrate (7); the antenna unit dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the surface of the array antenna dielectric substrate (7);
a metal floor (8) is arranged below the array antenna dielectric substrate (7) and in contact with the array antenna dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the array antenna dielectric substrate (7) is provided with a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network (9); the second monopole (2) feeds power with a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network (9).
5. The antenna array of a two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein the two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network comprises M one-by-N Chebyshev power-dividing microstrip networks (9); the Chebyshev power division microstrip network (9) comprises a first microstrip line, and N first Chebyshev power division patches are arranged on the microstrip line; the first Chebyshev power division patch is connected with the antenna unit through the feed branch (10); the center positions of the M first microstrip lines are connected through a second microstrip line; the second microstrip line and the first microstrip line form M cross points, and second Chebyshev power division patches are arranged at the positions of the M cross points; the M/2 th cross point or the (M + 1)/2 th cross point position in the M cross points is provided with a coaxial feed (11); the feed branches (10) correspond to the antenna units one by one, and the values of M and N are set according to the antenna units.
6. The antenna array of the two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit according to claim 5, wherein the first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch are both rectangular patches, and the widths of the first Chebyshev power division patch and the second Chebyshev power division patch become larger from the middle to two sides in sequence.
7. The antenna array of the two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna unit as claimed in claim 4, wherein a groove is reserved on the array antenna dielectric substrate (7), and the antenna unit dielectric substrate is vertically inserted on the array antenna dielectric substrate (7).
8. An antenna array of two-dimensional Chebyshev feed network fully-coupled resonant loop antenna elements according to claim 5, characterized in that the feed branches are connected to the second monopole (2) in the antenna element.
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| CN202210980137.2A CN115275589B (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit and two-dimensional chebyshev network feed array antenna |
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