CN115270430B - Design method of distributed inclined lightning rod for ship - Google Patents

Design method of distributed inclined lightning rod for ship Download PDF

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CN115270430B
CN115270430B CN202210805261.5A CN202210805261A CN115270430B CN 115270430 B CN115270430 B CN 115270430B CN 202210805261 A CN202210805261 A CN 202210805261A CN 115270430 B CN115270430 B CN 115270430B
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lightning rod
lightning
mast
electronic equipment
platform
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CN115270430A (en
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陈亮
郑生全
王冬冬
邬琪磊
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China Ship Development and Design Centre
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China Ship Development and Design Centre
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/04—Constraint-based CAD

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a marine distributed inclined lightning rod, which comprises the following steps: the lightning rod is distributed at the edge of the top platform of the closed mast, and is symmetrically arranged at four corners of the platform by adopting a four-pin scheme; and (3) carrying out inclination design on the four pins, and calculating to obtain the optimal length and inclination angle of each lightning rod according to the height and position parameters of the electronic equipment antenna arranged on the ship platform and the top of the mast. According to the method for arranging the four-corner inclined distributed lightning rod of the ship mast top platform, the vertical main rod is not arranged, so that the height of the lightning rod can be effectively reduced, the weight and the gravity center of a top structure are reduced, the design difficulty of the structural strength of the lightning rod is solved, and meanwhile, a better lightning protection effect is provided for side-striking lightning; and through slope lightning rod mounting means, compare in traditional upright lightning rod mode, can obviously increase the electronic equipment antenna protection scope to the deck face, obtain better direct lightning protection effect with less structural cost in the engineering.

Description

Design method of distributed inclined lightning rod for ship
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of direct lightning protection, and particularly relates to a design method of a distributed inclined lightning rod for a ship.
Background
Lightning rods are devices used to protect buildings, various platforms, etc. from lightning strikes. When the lightning cloud discharge approaches the ground, the ground electric field is distorted, and a space in which the local electric field is concentrated is formed at the top end of the lightning rod so as to influence the development direction of lightning lead discharge, guide lightning to discharge to the lightning rod, and then guide lightning current into the ground through a down lead and a grounding device, so that a protected area is protected from being damaged by lightning.
The ship is located on the open sea surface and is extremely vulnerable to lightning because of its high-rise masts, protruding superstructures and electronic equipment antennas. The design method of installing a vertical lightning rod on the mast is generally adopted under the limitation of overall arrangement conditions. Because the coverage area of the lightning rod is limited, the higher the lightning rod is, the better the protection of the ship platform is, but the lightning rod arranged on the ship platform at present cannot completely realize the protection of important equipment such as the whole ship antenna and the like usually because of the limitation of the weight center of gravity design of the mast and the limitation of the structural strength of the lightning rod.
The mast of the traditional ship platform usually adopts a tripod type or tower type top structure, the structure is simpler, the lower part is fixed by using a tripod, the upper part is a vertical single-column mast, the lightning rod is installed at the top of the mast, and the down-lead of the lightning rod is led down from the center of the mast or two sides of the mast and is connected with the ship body in a welding or screwing mode. The stealth design requirement of the ship platform and the development of advanced radar technology lead out the application of a closed mast, and the closed type design of a polyhedron is adopted, so that the polyhedral array radar and the closed mast are skillfully distributed, and then the upper-layer building layout taking the closed type 'precious stone tower' -shaped mast as the center is formed, the traditional columnar mast is replaced, the radar reflection section is greatly reduced, and the stealth performance is excellent. And the top of the closed mast can be provided with related sensors, so that the design method of a single vertical lightning rod is not applicable, and other methods are needed.
At present, a design method for ensuring that a ship platform is prevented from being damaged by direct lightning through distributed oblique arrangement of lightning rods is still blank. The invention provides a design method of a distributed inclined lightning rod for a ship, which is mainly used for the distributed arrangement design of the lightning rod at the top of a closed mast and has stronger practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method of a distributed inclined lightning rod for a ship, which solves the problem of lightning rod design of a ship platform under the application background of a closed mast, prevents an antenna of electronic equipment arranged on the ship platform from being directly struck by lightning, and protects the use safety of the electronic equipment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a design method of a distributed inclined lightning rod for a ship comprises the following steps:
the lightning rod is distributed at the edge of the top platform of the closed mast, and is symmetrically arranged at four corners of the platform by adopting a four-pin scheme; the four lightning rods are all subjected to inclined design, and the optimal length and the optimal inclination angle of each lightning rod are calculated according to the height and the position parameters of the antenna of the electronic equipment arranged on the ship platform and the top of the mast:
(1) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of antenna of electronic equipment on deck
The length of the lightning rod at the top of the mast is ρ, the inclination angle is β, the height of the platform at the top of the mast is h', the height of the antenna of the deck surface electronic equipment at the same side of the lightning rod is h x, the distance between the arrangement position and the mast is r x',hr, and the parameter calculation formula of the length and the inclination angle of the lightning rod is as follows:
Traversing the antenna heights h x and r x' of the electronic equipment on the same side of the lightning rod and needing direct lightning protection to obtain the parameter combination of the inclination angle beta of the lightning rod and the corresponding lower limit ρa of the length of the lightning rod;
On the transverse section of the ship platform, lightning rod parameters are calculated by adopting the same method;
(2) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of mast top electronic equipment antenna
The length of the lightning rod at the top of the mast is rho, the inclination angle is beta, the distance between the top platform of the mast and the deck surface is h ', the arrangement distance of the lightning rod is D', the antenna height of the electronic equipment of the top platform of the mast at the same side of the lightning rod is h x, the arrangement position is x from the center of the mast, h r is a lightning protection range constraint value, and the calculation formula of parameters of the length and the inclination angle of the lightning rod is as follows:
Traversing the heights h x and x of the antennas of the electronic equipment on the same side of the lightning rod and needing direct lightning protection to obtain the parameter combination of the inclination angle beta of the lightning rod and the corresponding lower limit ρb of the length of the lightning rod;
On the transverse section of the ship platform, lightning rod parameters are calculated by adopting the same method;
(3) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of deck surface electronic equipment antenna and mast top electronic equipment antenna
Taking a larger value of ρa and ρb as ρ at each inclination angle β, and when the length of the lightning rod is not less than ρ, directly striking lightning protection of the deck electronic equipment antenna and the mast top electronic equipment antenna can be realized simultaneously; and comparing rho obtained by different inclination angles beta, and selecting the minimum value from rho to obtain the shortest lightning rod length on the premise of ensuring the direct lightning protection effect.
Further, the lightning rod is interconnected by a bus bar insulated from the platform and then connected to the hull by a down conductor.
Further, the inclination angle β ranges from 45 ° to 75 °.
Further, the lightning protection range constraint value h r takes 30m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) By adopting the method for arranging the four-corner inclined distributed lightning rod of the top platform of the ship mast, the height of the lightning rod can be effectively reduced without arranging a vertical main rod, the weight and the gravity center of a top structure are reduced, the design difficulty of the structural strength of the lightning rod is solved, and meanwhile, a better lightning protection effect is provided for side-striking lightning;
(2) Through slope lightning rod mounting means, compare in traditional upright lightning rod mode, can obviously increase the electronic equipment antenna protection scope to the deck face, obtain better direct lightning protection effect with less structural cost in the engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a distributed lightning rod arrangement of a marine platform;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of calculation of parameters of a lightning rod for lightning protection of an antenna of an electronic device on a deck;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of calculation of parameters of a lightning rod for lightning protection of an antenna of an electronic device at the top of a mast;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the protective ranges of the vertical lightning rod and the inclined lightning rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The electronic equipment antennas arranged at the top of the mast, the superstructure and the deck face are easy to be struck by lightning, the lightning rod is arranged to realize comprehensive protection, the sensors arranged at the top of the mast are not interfered, and the height of the lightning rod is reduced as much as possible, so that the weight center of gravity is optimized.
According to the design method of the distributed inclined lightning rod for the ship, the lightning rod is distributed on the edge of the platform at the top of the closed mast, the main lightning rod is not arranged, the lightning rod is symmetrically arranged at four corners of the platform by adopting a four-pin scheme, is interconnected through the bus bars insulated from the platform, and is connected to the ship body through the down lead. In order to increase the protection range and reduce the length of the lightning rod, four lightning rods are all subjected to inclined design, and as shown in fig. 1, the optimal length and the optimal inclination angle of each lightning rod are calculated according to the height and the position parameters of the electronic equipment antenna arranged on the ship platform and the top of the mast.
The design method of the distributed inclined lightning rod for the ship comprises the following steps:
(1) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of antenna of electronic equipment on deck
The longitudinal section of the ship platform is shown in fig. 2, the length of the lightning rod at the top of the mast is ρa, the inclination angle is β, the height of the platform at the top of the mast is h', the height of the deck surface electronic equipment antenna at the same side of the lightning rod is h x, the arrangement position distance from the mast is r x',hr, and the lightning protection range constraint value is usually 30m in design. The calculation formula of the parameters of the length and the dip angle of the lightning rod is as follows:
and h 'is a designed height value of a known mast platform, and traversing calculation is carried out on the antenna heights h x and r x' of the electronic equipment on the same side of the lightning rod and needing direct lightning protection, so as to obtain the parameter combination of the inclination angle beta and the corresponding length lower limit ρa of the lightning rod. The tilt angle beta is recommended to take a value in the range of 45 deg. to 75 deg..
On the transverse section of the ship platform, corresponding lightning rod parameters are calculated by adopting the same method.
(2) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of mast top electronic equipment antenna
As shown in FIG. 3, the longitudinal section of the stern on the top of the mast platform is ρb, the inclination angle is β, the height h 'of the mast top platform from the deck surface is D', the arrangement distance of the lightning rods is h x, the antenna height of the electronic equipment of the mast top platform on the same side of the lightning rods is x from the center of the mast, h r is a lightning protection range constraint value, and in the design, h r is 30m. The calculation formula of the parameters of the length and the dip angle of the lightning rod is as follows:
The lightning rod is symmetrically arranged at four corners of a platform at the top of the mast by adopting a four-pin scheme, so that h 'and D' are designed sizes of known platforms, and traversing calculation is carried out on the antenna heights h x and x of each electronic device which are on the same side of the lightning rod and need to be directly hit for lightning protection, so that the parameter combination of the inclination angle beta and the corresponding length lower limit rho b of the lightning rod is obtained. The tilt angle beta is recommended to take a value in the range of 45 deg. to 75 deg..
On the transverse section of the ship platform, corresponding lightning rod parameters are calculated by adopting the same method.
(3) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of deck surface electronic equipment antenna and mast top electronic equipment antenna
And taking a larger value of ρa and ρb as ρ at each inclination angle β, and when the length of the lightning rod is not smaller than ρ, directly striking the lightning protection of the deck electronic equipment antenna and the mast top electronic equipment antenna can be realized simultaneously. And comparing rho obtained by different inclination angles beta, and selecting the minimum value from rho to obtain the shortest lightning rod length on the premise of ensuring the direct lightning protection effect.
The design method of the distributed inclined lightning rod comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Inclined lightning rod parameter calculation considering direct lightning protection of antenna of electronic equipment on deck
First, assume that the deck surface on the same side of the lightning rod has two electronic device antennas, the heights of which are 7m and 5m respectively.
Assuming a mast top platform height h '=20m, an antenna height h x1 =7m of the deck surface electronic device 1 on the same side as the lightning rod, a position arrangement distance mast r x1' =10m; the antenna height h x2 = 5m, the position arrangement distance mast r x2' = 13m of the deck surface electronic device 2; the lightning protection range constraint value h r =30m.
Substituting parameters of h ', h x1、rx1', h r and the like into a formula, wherein beta takes values of 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees respectively, and obtaining a first group of solutions of ρa of 1.032, 1.24m and 1.717m respectively.
Substituting parameters of h ', h x2、rx2', h r and the like into a formula, wherein beta takes values of 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees respectively, and obtaining second group solutions of ρa of 1.377, 1.661 and 2.327m respectively.
Since the second group of solutions of ρa is larger than the first group of solutions when the lightning rod is at different inclinations β, this means that the protection range of the lightning rod designed according to the second group of solutions can cover the protection range of the lightning rod designed according to the first group of solutions, and direct lightning protection of the antennas 1 and 2 of the deck electronic equipment is achieved. Thus, (45 °, 1.377), (60 °, 1.661) and (75 °, 2.327) are three groups of combinations of (β, ρa) that may be used.
(2) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of mast top electronic equipment antenna
First assume that the mast top platform has two electronics antennas, 1m and 0.8m in height, respectively.
The height h '=20m of the top platform of the mast from the deck surface, and the arrangement distance of the lightning rod is D' =2m; the antenna height of the mast top platform electronic device 1 on the same side of the lightning rod is h x1 =1m, and the arrangement position is x 1 =0.5m from the center of the mast; the antenna height of the electronic device 2 is h x2 =0.8m, the arrangement position is x 2＝0.3m;hr from the center of the mast, which is a lightning protection range constraint value, and h r in design is usually 30m.
Substituting parameters such as h ', D', h x1、x1, h r and the like into a formula, wherein beta takes values of 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees respectively, and obtaining a first group of solutions of ρb as 1.809, 1.361 and 1.117m respectively.
Substituting parameters such as h ', D', h x2、x2, h r and the like into a formula, wherein beta takes values of 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees respectively, and obtaining second group solutions of ρb of 1.442, 1.067 and 0.909m respectively.
Since the first group of solutions of ρb are larger than the second group of solutions when the lightning rod is at different inclinations β, this means that the protection range of the lightning rod designed according to the first group of solutions can cover the protection range of the lightning rod designed according to the second group of solutions, and the direct lightning protection of the antennas 1 and 2 of the electronic equipment on the top of the mast is realized. Thus, (45 °, 1.809), (60 °, 1.361) and (75 °, 1.117) are three groups of combinations of (β, ρb) that can be used.
(3) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of deck surface electronic equipment antenna and mast top electronic equipment antenna
In order to realize simultaneous protection of the on-deck antenna and the mast top antenna, ρ takes a larger value of 1.809 from ρa and ρb when β=45°; when β=60°, ρ takes the larger of ρa and ρb, which is 1.661; when β=75°, ρ takes the larger of ρa and ρb as 2.327. Taken together, p has a minimum value of 1.661 when β=60°. Thus, (60 °, 1.661) is the recommended lightning rod angle, length combination.
In summary, the design method of the distributed oblique lightning rod of the ship platform of the invention prevents the electronic equipment arranged on the top platform of the mast and the deck surface from direct lightning attack, has the advantages of low weight center and short length of the lightning rod, and can obviously increase the protection range of the antenna of the electronic equipment on the deck surface compared with the traditional vertical lightning rod mode, and obtains better direct lightning protection effect with smaller structural cost in engineering, as shown in fig. 4.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The design method of the distributed inclined lightning rod for the ship is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the lightning rod is distributed at the edge of the top platform of the closed mast, and is symmetrically arranged at four corners of the platform by adopting a four-pin scheme; the four lightning rods are all subjected to inclined design, and the optimal length and the optimal inclination angle of each lightning rod are calculated according to the height and the position parameters of the antenna of the electronic equipment arranged on the ship platform and the top of the mast:
(1) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of antenna of electronic equipment on deck
The length of the lightning rod at the top of the mast is ρ, the inclination angle is β, the height of the platform at the top of the mast is h', the height of the antenna of the deck surface electronic equipment at the same side of the lightning rod is h x, the distance between the arrangement position and the mast is r x',hr, and the parameter calculation formula of the length and the inclination angle of the lightning rod is as follows:
Traversing the antenna heights h x and r x' of the electronic equipment on the same side of the lightning rod and needing direct lightning protection to obtain the parameter combination of the inclination angle beta of the lightning rod and the corresponding lower limit ρa of the length of the lightning rod;
On the transverse section of the ship platform, lightning rod parameters are calculated by adopting the same method;
(2) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of mast top electronic equipment antenna
The length of the lightning rod at the top of the mast is rho, the inclination angle is beta, the distance between the top platform of the mast and the deck surface is h ', the arrangement distance of the lightning rod is D', the antenna height of the electronic equipment of the top platform of the mast at the same side of the lightning rod is h x, the arrangement position is x from the center of the mast, h r is a lightning protection range constraint value, and the calculation formula of parameters of the length and the inclination angle of the lightning rod is as follows:
Traversing the heights h x and x of the antennas of the electronic equipment on the same side of the lightning rod and needing direct lightning protection to obtain the parameter combination of the inclination angle beta of the lightning rod and the corresponding lower limit ρb of the length of the lightning rod;
On the transverse section of the ship platform, lightning rod parameters are calculated by adopting the same method;
(3) Oblique lightning rod parameter considering direct lightning protection of deck surface electronic equipment antenna and mast top electronic equipment antenna
Taking a larger value of ρa and ρb as ρ at each inclination angle β, and when the length of the lightning rod is not less than ρ, directly striking lightning protection of the deck electronic equipment antenna and the mast top electronic equipment antenna can be realized simultaneously; and comparing rho obtained by different inclination angles beta, and selecting the minimum value from rho to obtain the shortest lightning rod length on the premise of ensuring the direct lightning protection effect.
2. The method of designing a distributed oblique lightning rod for a ship according to claim 1, wherein the lightning rod is interconnected by a bus bar insulated from the platform and then connected to the hull by a down conductor.
3. The method for designing a distributed oblique lightning rod for a ship according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle β is in the range of 45 ° to 75 °.
4. The method for designing a distributed oblique lightning rod for a ship according to claim 1, wherein the lightning protection range constraint value h r takes 30m.
CN202210805261.5A 2022-07-08 2022-07-08 Design method of distributed inclined lightning rod for ship Active CN115270430B (en)

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CN115860484B (en) * 2022-12-29 2023-08-01 中国舰船研究设计中心 Lightning protection grade assessment method for ship equipment

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