CN110336131A - Boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device and its protection appraisal procedure - Google Patents
Boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device and its protection appraisal procedure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110336131A CN110336131A CN201910528575.3A CN201910528575A CN110336131A CN 110336131 A CN110336131 A CN 110336131A CN 201910528575 A CN201910528575 A CN 201910528575A CN 110336131 A CN110336131 A CN 110336131A
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- electrode
- protective device
- insulating cylinder
- unit
- communication system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/24—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/04—Housings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective devices, including exterior insulation cylinder, external top electrode, internal top electrode, outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode, exterior insulation cylinder is equipped with hollow chamber and its top and bottom end are equipped with aperture, internal top electrode and inner bottom electrode are located above and below exterior insulation barrel chamber room, one end insertion chamber interior of external top electrode is connect with internal top electrode, one end insertion chamber interior of outer bottom electrode is connect with inner bottom electrode, the outlet passageway interconnected is equipped in external top electrode and internal top electrode, the inlet channel interconnected is equipped in outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode.Invention additionally discloses a kind of protection appraisal procedures of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device.This boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device is solved the problems, such as since whip antenna is on ship except lightning rod protection scope and may meet with direct lightning strike in Shortwave Communication System.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Lightning Prevention Technique field more particularly to a kind of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective devices
And its protection appraisal procedure.
Background technique
Under normal circumstances, lightning rod is installed using ship mast, is placed in the part electronic equipment on mast and deck and keeps away
In thunder needle protection scope, its probability by direct stroke is reduced.However, the restriction by aggregate resource, lightning rod are often deposited
In the limitation of height, weight and quantity, part boat-carrying is caused to be equipped, the whip antenna in especially all kinds of Shortwave Communication Systems
Not in the protection scope of lightning rod, still threatened by direct lightning strike.Once meeting with lightning stroke, the lightning stroke high current edge instantaneously generated
Antenna is conducted to rear end equipment, may damage tuner, adaptation and power amplifier on Shortwave Communication System antenna feeder access.
Current existing Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device is all made of with open two electrode made of stainless steel
Discharge ball gap.This safeguard procedures structure is simple, however there are several respects: (1) breakdown threshold is unstable.Stainless steel electricity
Pole itself haves the shortcomings that field emission is unstable；In addition, being changed since electrode is exposed to the atmosphere by wind speed and atmospheric humidity
It influences, breakdown voltage dispersibility is larger.By taking the discharge ball ball gap of breakdown voltage rating 50kV as an example, breakdown threshold variation range
Reachable ± 20kV, i.e. 30-70kV are possible to puncture.Breakdown threshold reduces, it is possible to transmitter be caused to work with voltage rating
When discharge ball gap just act；Breakdown threshold is promoted, it is possible to cause the lower leakage pulse voltage of direct lightning strike effect excessively high, damage transmitting
Machine.(2) electrode life is shorter.There is solid-state meltings to liquid for the ablation of stainless steel metal electrode during heavy-current discharge
Object phase change, electrode surface is not easy smooth during liquid splash, therefore it is with serious life problems.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective devices and its protection to comment
Estimate method, it is intended to solve since whip antenna is on ship except lightning rod protection scope and may meet in Shortwave Communication System
The problem of direct lightning strike.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device, including outside
Insulating cylinder, external top electrode, internal top electrode, outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode, wherein
The exterior insulation cylinder is equipped with hollow chamber and its top and bottom end are equipped with the aperture with its chamber, interior
Portion's top electrode and inner bottom electrode are located above and below exterior insulation barrel chamber room, internal top electrode and inner bottom electrode
It is made of high conductivity isotropism nonmetallic materials, chamber is inserted into through the top aperture of exterior insulation cylinder in one end of external top electrode
Chamber interior is connect with internal top electrode, and one end of outer bottom electrode is through exterior insulation cylinder bottom end aperture insertion chamber interior and inside
Lower electrode connection, external top electrode and outer bottom electrode are tightly connected with exterior insulation cylinder, and external top electrode and inside power on
It is equipped with the outlet passageway interconnected on extremely, it is logical that the air inlet interconnected is equipped in outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode
Road.
Preferably, the top insertion exterior insulation cylinder top tapping of the internal top electrode is threadedly coupled with it, internal
The bottom end insertion exterior insulation cylinder bottom end tapping of lower electrode is threadedly coupled with it；The external top electrode and internal top electrode,
It is connected through a screw thread between outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode.
Preferably, the exterior insulation cylinder includes the upper insulating cylinder being oppositely arranged and lower insulating cylinder, upper insulating cylinder and it is lower absolutely
The setting open at one end of the edge cylinder and other end is provided with aperture, accommodates internal top electrode in upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder respectively
And inner bottom electrode, the open end sealed connection of upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder.
Preferably, the boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device further includes being located at upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder
Between middle part fixed disk, one end of upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder towards middle part fixed disk is equipped with ring flange, on ring flange
Equipped with multiple through-holes, multiple through-holes are offered in the fixed disk of middle part, screw rod sequentially passes through insulating cylinder ring flange, middle part fixed disk
After lower insulating cylinder ring flange, is screwed by nut with gasket and be fixedly connected with three.
Preferably, the internal top electrode and inner bottom electrode include the first cylindrical body and the second cylinder of coaxial arrangement
Body, the diameter of the second cylindrical body are offered for for external top electrode or outer subordinate on the second cylindrical body less than the first cylindrical body
The threaded hole of electrode insertion, the first cylindrical body are equipped with the gas passage being connected to threaded hole, and the second cylindrical body is for being inserted into
In the aperture of insulating cylinder or lower insulating cylinder.
Preferably, it is set respectively on the face that the external top electrode, outer bottom electrode are in contact with upper insulating cylinder, lower insulating cylinder
There is annular groove with mounting O-shaped sealing ring, by O-ring seal by external top electrode, outer bottom electrode and upper insulating cylinder, lower insulation
The contact surface sealing of cylinder.
Preferably, O-ring seal is mounted on the contact surface of the middle part fixed disk and upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder.
Preferably, the clearance distance d and electrode maximum radius r between internal upper and lower electrodemaxMeet following relationship:
Ub=1.3~1.5Umax；
Wherein, the unit of d is cm；rmaxUnit be cm；UmaxFor Shortwave Communication System maximum operating voltage, unit kV；
UbFor protective device dc breakdown voltage, unit kV；P is insulating gas air pressure, unit atm；CmaxIt is single for extreme electrode capacitor
Position pF；εrFor the relative dielectric constant of insulating gas；
Equipment maximum operating frequency fmaxWith extreme electrode capacitor CmaxMeet following relationship:
fmaxCmax≤500(MHz·pF)
Wherein fmaxUnit be MHz.
Present invention further propose that a kind of protection appraisal procedure of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device, packet
It includes:
It is calculated by the following formula maximum thunder-strike current and passes through when protective device pressure drop U between caused two electrodep(t), single
Position kV；
Wherein t is time, unit μ s；I (t) is the function that thunder-strike current changes over time, unit kA；RarcIt (t) is protection
The function that formed arc resistance changes over time when two electricity interpolar discharge of device, unit Ω；LarcFor electric arc inductance, unit nH；
LetFor electrode inductance, unit nH, Rarc(t)、LarcAnd LetCalculation formula it is as follows:
Larc=2dln (2d/c-1),
In formula, p is insulating gas air pressure, unit atm；D is the clearance distance between internal upper and lower electrode, unit cm；
A is constant, to air and nitrogen, a=1atm*cm2/(s*V2)；C is arc diameter, unit cm；L is top electrode and lower electrode
Total length, unit cm；R is the radius of internal upper/lower electrode, unit cm；
If Up(t) maximum value, which is less than protected equipment highest, can tolerate pulse voltage UT, then show to pass through in lightning current
When protective device, direct lightning strike protective device can effective protection rear end equipment, if Up(t) maximum value is greater than UT, then need to be straight
Hit thunder protective device rear end installation second level protective device.
Boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device proposed by the present invention, has the advantages that
(1) it solves since whip antenna is on ship except lightning rod protection scope and may meet in Shortwave Communication System
The problem of meeting direct lightning strike；
(2) use airtight construction, with it is traditional based on the direct lighting stroke protective device of open two electrode discharges ball gap compared with,
Breakdown threshold is stablized, and electrode life is long；
(3) the hollow setting of exterior insulation cylinder, and to its internal ventilation, by adjusting air pressure inside, thus it is possible to vary direct lightning strike
The dc breakdown voltage of protective device, to be applicable in the protected equipment of different operating voltage；Existing open two electrode discharges ball
The direct-current working volts of gap direct lighting stroke protective device are difficult to adjust.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the connection type signal of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention and shortwave transmission system
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the connection type signal of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention and short-wave receiver system
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional view of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the external structure schematic diagram of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of upper insulating cylinder in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of middle part fixed disk in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of external top electrode in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the cross-section structure signal of external top electrode in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of outer bottom electrode in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the cross-section structure signal of outer bottom electrode in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention
Figure；
Figure 11 is the cross-section structure signal of outer bottom electrode in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention
Figure；
Figure 12 is the cross-section structure signal of inner bottom electrode in boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device of the present invention
Figure.
In figure, top electrode outside 1-, the upper insulating cylinder of 2-, the inside 3- top electrode, the middle part 4- fixed disk, 5-O type sealing ring, 6-
Inner bottom electrode, 7- outer bottom electrode, insulating cylinder under 8-, 9- screw rod, 10- short wave communication electric wire, 11- direct lighting stroke protective device,
12- tuner or adaptation, 13- coaxial cable, 14- power amplifier, 15- single line-coaxial converter, 16- short-wave receiver,
17- short-wave receiver antenna.
The embodiments will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings for the realization, the function and the advantages of the object of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, term " transverse direction ", " longitudinal direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and is not the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as to limit of the invention
System.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
Referring to figs. 1 to Figure 12, in this preferred embodiment, a kind of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device, including
Exterior insulation cylinder, external top electrode 1, internal top electrode 3, outer bottom electrode 7 and inner bottom electrode 6, wherein
Exterior insulation cylinder is equipped with hollow chamber and its top and bottom end and is equipped with the aperture with its chamber, on inside
Electrode 3 and inner bottom electrode 6 are located above and below exterior insulation barrel chamber room, internal top electrode 3 and inner bottom electrode 6
It is made of high conductivity isotropism nonmetallic materials, one end of external top electrode 1 is inserted into through the top aperture of exterior insulation cylinder
Chamber interior connect with internal top electrode 3, one end of outer bottom electrode 7 through the bottom end aperture of exterior insulation cylinder be inserted into chamber interior and
Inner bottom electrode 6 connects, and external top electrode 1 and outer bottom electrode 7 are tightly connected with exterior insulation cylinder, external 1 He of top electrode
It is equipped with the outlet passageway interconnected in internal top electrode 3, is equipped in outer bottom electrode 7 and inner bottom electrode 6 and is mutually connected
Logical inlet channel.
Referring to Fig. 8, the outlet passageway of external top electrode 1 has air gauge by piping connection to monitor gas inside insulating cylinder
Pressure, referring to Fig.1 0, the inlet channel of outer bottom electrode 7 has charging valve by piping connection to adjust insulating cylinder air pressure inside
To required state.For internal top electrode 3, which is connected with the gas in exterior insulation cylinder, the other end
It is connected with the outlet passageway of external top electrode 1；For inner bottom electrode 6, in the gas passage one end and exterior insulation cylinder
Gas be connected, the other end is connected with the filling channel of outer bottom electrode 7.
In the present embodiment, the top insertion exterior insulation cylinder top tapping of internal top electrode 3 is threadedly coupled with it, internal
The bottom end insertion exterior insulation cylinder bottom end tapping of lower electrode 6 is threadedly coupled with it；It is external top electrode 1 and internal top electrode 3, outer
It is connected through a screw thread between subordinate's electrode 7 and inner bottom electrode 6.By the way of threaded connection, has and be completely embedded and pacify
The advantages of dress and convenient disassembly.Internal upper and lower electrode is screwed by the cooperation of screw rod 9 of screw hole and external upper and lower electrode.
The present embodiment herein proposes the specific structure of exterior insulation cylinder: exterior insulation cylinder includes the upper insulating cylinder being oppositely arranged
2 and lower insulating cylinder 8 (upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 8 same structure can be used), one end of upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 8
Opening is arranged and the other end is provided with aperture, accommodates internal top electrode 3 and inside respectively in upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 8
The open end of lower electrode 6, upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 8 is tightly connected.
Further, referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, this boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device further includes positioned at upper exhausted
One end of middle part fixed disk 4 between edge cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 8, upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 8 towards middle part fixed disk 4 is equal
Equipped with ring flange, ring flange is equipped with multiple through-holes, offers multiple through-holes in middle part fixed disk 4, screw rod 9 sequentially passes through absolutely
After the ring flange of edge cylinder 2, middle part fixed disk 4 and lower 8 ring flange of insulating cylinder, is screwed by nut and gasket and connected three is fixed
It connects.Direct lighting stroke protective device uses sandwich type structure, and middle part fixed disk 4 plays a part of fit sealing.Middle part fixed disk 4 uses
Metal dish, have the advantages that machining accuracy it is high and with upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower 8 good airproof performance of insulating cylinder.External top electrode 1 and outer
Stainless steel material can be used in subordinate's electrode 7.Internal top electrode 3 and inner bottom electrode 6 use isotropism nonmetallic materials, example
Such as graphite.After high arc temperature ablation, nonmetallic materials volatilization, and chemically reacted with the oxygen in insulating gas.It is formed
Gaseous oxygen compound without being adhered to insulating cylinder inner wall influence insulation effect.
Referring to Fig. 3, Figure 11 and Figure 12, internal top electrode 3 and inner bottom electrode 6 include the first cylindrical body being coaxially disposed
With the second cylindrical body (same structure can be used in internal top electrode 3 and inner bottom electrode 6), the diameter of the second cylindrical body is less than
One cylindrical body offers on the second cylindrical body for the threaded hole for external top electrode 1 or the insertion of outer bottom electrode 7, the first circle
Cylinder is equipped with the gas passage being connected to threaded hole, and the second cylindrical body is used to be inserted into the aperture of insulating cylinder 2 or lower insulating cylinder 8
In.The external screw thread for connecting with upper insulating cylinder 2 or lower insulating cylinder 8 is additionally provided on second cylindrical body.
Referring to Fig. 3, on the face that external top electrode 1, outer bottom electrode 7 are in contact with upper insulating cylinder 2, lower insulating cylinder 8 respectively
Equipped with annular groove with mounting O-shaped sealing ring 5, by O-ring seal 5 by external top electrode 1, outer bottom electrode 7 and upper insulating cylinder
2, the contact surface sealing of lower insulating cylinder 8.O is mounted on the contact surface of middle part fixed disk 4 and upper insulating cylinder 2 and lower insulating cylinder 3
Type sealing ring 5.Specifically, it can be carved with respectively annular groove on upper and lower two faces of middle part fixed disk 4, is sealed for mounting O-shaped
Circle 5.
Clearance distance d and electrode maximum radius r between internal upper and lower electrodemaxMeet following relationship:
Ub=1.3~1.5Umax；
Wherein, the unit of d is cm；rmaxUnit be cm；UmaxFor Shortwave Communication System maximum operating voltage, unit kV；
UbFor protective device dc breakdown voltage, unit kV；P is insulating gas air pressure, unit atm；CmaxIt is single for extreme electrode capacitor
Position pF；εrFor the relative dielectric constant of insulating gas；
Equipment maximum operating frequency fmaxWith extreme electrode capacitor CmaxMeet following relationship:
fmaxCmax≤500(MHz·pF)。
It, should be according to the following steps when designing direct lighting stroke protective device major parameter:
(1) according to equipment maximum operating voltage Umax, determine the dc breakdown voltage U of protective deviceb, usual Ub=
1.5Umax；
(2) insulating cylinder air pressure inside p is set, which should be lower than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, such as between 0.1~0.9；
(2) basisCalculate electrode spacing d；
(3) according to equipment maximum operating frequency fmax, determine permitted extreme electrode capacitor Cmax。fmaxAnd CmaxIt should meet
Following relationship: fmaxCmax≤500(MHz·pF)；
(4) according to formulaCalculate electrode maximum radius rmax。
In above formula, dc breakdown voltage UbUnit is kV；Insulating gas air pressure p unit is atm (standard atmospheric pressure, 1atm
=101325Pa)；Clearance distance d unit between internal upper and lower electrode is cm；Extreme electrode capacitor CmaxUnit is pF；εrFor
The relative dielectric constant of insulating gas；rmaxAt the top of direct lighting stroke protective device inside top electrode bottom disc or inner bottom electrode
The maximum radius of disc (two discs parallel and area equation), unit is cm.
This boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device is mainly used for shortwave narrowband transmission system, short wave bandwidth transmits
System, short-wave receiver system etc. include whiplike communication antenna, and antenna is located at the communication system except ship lightning rod protection scope
The direct lightning strike of system protects.Direct lighting stroke protective device is typically arranged in antenna root, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.When thunder and lightning hits whip day
Line moment, direct lighting stroke protective device inside occur self breakdown, electric arc are formed in tens of to hundreds of nanosecond time ranges, by thunder and lightning
High current is released on ship metal shell, provides protection for tuner, adaptation and the power amplifier 14 of day line back end；Thunder
After discharge of electricity process, arc extinction in protective device, protective device is restored to state of insulation, is not influencing antenna system just
Often work.
The built-in electrical insulation gas of this direct lighting stroke protective device is dry air.Dress is protected to direct lightning strike to reduce gas leakage
The influence of performance is set, insulating cylinder air pressure inside should be arranged to be only slightly higher than external pressure.Such as can be set to 0.11MPa,
That is 1.1 times of standard atmospheric pressures.
Boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device proposed by the present invention, has the advantages that
(1) it solves since whip antenna is on ship except lightning rod protection scope and may meet in Shortwave Communication System
The problem of meeting direct lightning strike；
(2) use airtight construction, with it is traditional based on the direct lighting stroke protective device of open two electrode discharges ball gap compared with,
Breakdown threshold is stablized, and electrode life is long；
(3) the hollow setting of exterior insulation cylinder, and to its internal ventilation, by adjusting air pressure inside, thus it is possible to vary direct lightning strike
The dc breakdown voltage of protective device, to be applicable in the protected equipment of different operating voltage；Existing open two electrode discharges ball
The direct-current working volts of gap direct lighting stroke protective device are difficult to adjust.
Present invention further propose that a kind of protection appraisal procedure of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device.
A kind of protection appraisal procedure based on above-mentioned boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device, comprising:
It is calculated by the following formula maximum thunder-strike current and passes through when protective device pressure drop U between caused two electrodep(t), single
Position V；
Wherein t is time, unit μ s；I (t) is the function that thunder-strike current changes over time, unit kA；RarcIt (t) is protection
The function that formed arc resistance changes over time when two electricity interpolar discharge of device, unit Ω；LarcFor electric arc inductance, unit nH；
LetFor electrode inductance, unit nH, Rarc(t)、LarcAnd LetCalculation formula it is as follows:
Larc=2dln (2d/c-1),
In formula, p is insulating gas air pressure, unit atm；D is the clearance distance between internal upper and lower electrode, unit cm；
A is constant, to air and nitrogen, a=1atm*cm2/(s*V2)；C is arc diameter, unit cm；L is top electrode and lower electrode
Total length, unit cm；R is the radius of internal upper/lower electrode, unit cm；
If Up(t) maximum value, which is less than protected equipment highest, can tolerate pulse voltage UT, then show to pass through in lightning current
When protective device, direct lightning strike protective device can effective protection rear end equipment, if Up(t) maximum value is greater than UT, then need to be straight
Hit thunder protective device rear end installation second level protective device.
Boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device is assessed by this appraisal procedure, to determine whether to need
Second level protective device to be installed in direct lighting stroke protective device rear end, boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System is carried out effectively to ensure that
Protection.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure transformation made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields,
Similarly it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device, which is characterized in that powered on including exterior insulation cylinder, outside
Pole, internal top electrode, outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode, wherein
The exterior insulation cylinder is equipped with hollow chamber and its top and bottom end and is equipped with the aperture with its chamber, on inside
Electrode and inner bottom electrode are located above and below exterior insulation barrel chamber room, and internal top electrode and inner bottom electrode use
High conductivity isotropism nonmetallic materials are made, and one end of external top electrode is through in exterior insulation cylinder top aperture insertion chamber
Portion is connect with internal top electrode, and one end of outer bottom electrode is through exterior insulation cylinder bottom end aperture insertion chamber interior and interior subordinate electricity
Pole connection, external top electrode and outer bottom electrode are tightly connected with exterior insulation cylinder, in external top electrode and internal top electrode
It is equipped with the outlet passageway interconnected, the inlet channel interconnected is equipped in outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode.
2. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the inside powers on
The top insertion exterior insulation cylinder top tapping of pole is threadedly coupled with it, and exterior insulation cylinder bottom is inserted into the bottom end of inner bottom electrode
End tapping is threadedly coupled with it；Between the external top electrode and internal top electrode, outer bottom electrode and inner bottom electrode
It is connected through a screw thread.
3. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the exterior insulation
Cylinder includes the upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder that are oppositely arranged, the setting open at one end of the upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder and other end is set
Be equipped with aperture, accommodate internal top electrode and inner bottom electrode in upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder respectively, upper insulating cylinder and it is lower absolutely
The open end of edge cylinder is tightly connected.
4. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that further include positioned at upper
One end of middle part fixed disk between insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder, upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder towards middle part fixed disk is equipped with
Ring flange, ring flange are equipped with multiple through-holes, offer multiple through-holes in the fixed disk of middle part, screw rod sequentially passes through insulating cylinder method
After blue disk, middle part fixed disk and lower insulating cylinder ring flange, is screwed by nut with gasket and be fixedly connected with three.
5. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the inside powers on
Pole and inner bottom electrode include the first cylindrical body and the second cylindrical body of coaxial arrangement, and the diameter of the second cylindrical body is less than first
Cylindrical body offers on the second cylindrical body for the threaded hole for external top electrode or outer bottom electrode insertion, the first cylindrical body
It is equipped with the gas passage being connected to threaded hole, the second cylindrical body is for being inserted into the aperture of insulating cylinder or lower insulating cylinder.
6. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the outside powers on
It is respectively equipped with annular groove on the face that pole, outer bottom electrode are in contact with upper insulating cylinder, lower insulating cylinder with mounting O-shaped sealing ring, leads to
O-ring seal is crossed to seal the contact surface of external top electrode, outer bottom electrode and upper insulating cylinder, lower insulating cylinder.
7. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the middle part is fixed
O-ring seal is mounted on the contact surface of disk and upper insulating cylinder and lower insulating cylinder.
8. boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 in one of claims, feature exist
In,
Clearance distance d and electrode maximum radius r between internal upper and lower electrodemaxMeet following relationship:
Ub=1.3~1.5Umax；
Wherein, the unit of d is cm；rmaxUnit be cm；UmaxFor Shortwave Communication System maximum operating voltage, unit kV；UbIt is anti-
Protection unit dc breakdown voltage, unit kV；P is insulating gas air pressure, unit atm；CmaxFor extreme electrode capacitor, unit pF；εr
For the relative dielectric constant of insulating gas；
Equipment maximum operating frequency fmaxWith extreme electrode capacitor CmaxMeet following relationship:
fmaxCmax≤500(MHz·pF)
Wherein fmaxUnit be MHz.
9. a kind of protection assessment based on any one of claim 1 to 8 boat-carrying Shortwave Communication System direct lighting stroke protective device
Method characterized by comprising
It is calculated by the following formula maximum thunder-strike current and passes through when protective device pressure drop U between caused two electrodep(t), unit kV；
Wherein t is time, unit μ s；I (t) is the function that thunder-strike current changes over time, unit kA；RarcIt (t) is protective device
The function that formed arc resistance changes over time when two electric interpolar discharges, unit Ω；LarcFor electric arc inductance, unit nH；LetFor
Electrode inductance, unit nH；
Rarc(t)、LarcAnd LetCalculation formula it is as follows:
Larc=2dln (2d/c-1),
In formula, p is insulating gas air pressure, unit atm；D is the clearance distance between internal upper and lower electrode, unit cm；A is
Constant, to air and nitrogen, a=1atm*cm2/(s*V2)；C is arc diameter, unit cm；L is the total of top electrode and lower electrode
Length, unit cm；R is the radius of internal upper/lower electrode, unit cm；
If Up(t) maximum value, which is less than protected equipment highest, can tolerate pulse voltage UT, then show to pass through protection in lightning current
When device, direct lightning strike protective device can effective protection rear end equipment, if Up(t) maximum value is greater than UT, then need to be in direct lightning strike
Protective device rear end is installed by second level protective device.
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