CN115259821B - Preparation method of phase-change phosphogypsum building block material - Google Patents

Preparation method of phase-change phosphogypsum building block material Download PDF

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CN115259821B
CN115259821B CN202210810711.XA CN202210810711A CN115259821B CN 115259821 B CN115259821 B CN 115259821B CN 202210810711 A CN202210810711 A CN 202210810711A CN 115259821 B CN115259821 B CN 115259821B
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phase
change
phosphogypsum
hydrophobic
block
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CN115259821A (en
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周昌林
徐煜
冯钾
骆长江
汪磊
刘杨
王龙
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Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory
China Three Gorges University CTGU
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/142Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/143Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building energy-saving materials, in particular to a preparation method of a phase-change phosphogypsum block material. Preparing high-enthalpy shaped phase-change pellets by adopting a dropping ball cooling granulation method, carrying out surface hydrophobic modification on the high-enthalpy shaped phase-change pellets by using inorganic hydrophobic particle materials, optimizing the hydrophobic performance of the high-enthalpy shaped phase-change pellets, fully mixing the high-enthalpy shaped phase-change pellets with semi-hydrated phosphogypsum and water, and curing the mixture in a mold to prepare the phase-change phosphogypsum building blocks; and finally, carrying out surface coating modification on the surface of the phase-change phosphogypsum block to obtain the water-resistant low-phosphorus-fluorine phase-change phosphogypsum block material. The material has higher phase change enthalpy value and excellent water resistance, and meanwhile, the dissolution rate of phosphorus and fluorine impurities in water is obviously reduced. The invention provides a phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine impurity dissolution rate, which can provide a new method for realizing the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum and energy conservation of buildings.

Description

Preparation method of phase-change phosphogypsum building block material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of phase-change materials, in particular to a water-resistant low-phosphorus-fluorine phase-change phosphogypsum building block material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The solid phosphogypsum waste can only be piled up, so that a large amount of land is occupied, a large amount of funds are needed to be invested for wastewater treatment on phosphogypsum yard permeate liquid, and huge economic burden and environmental treatment pressure are caused. Therefore, the research on phosphogypsum high-valued application technology is further developed, and the large-scale application of phosphogypsum is realized.
The phase change material has the physical properties of heat absorption and heat release in the phase change process, and has been widely applied in the fields of industrial waste heat recovery and utilization, solar energy utilization and the like. Along with the national carbon reaching peak and the carbon neutralization target, the phase change material is applied to building energy conservation, develops green building and has important significance for reducing carbon dioxide emission. The phase change material is combined with phosphogypsum building materials, so that on one hand, the physical properties of heat absorption and heat release of the phase change material in the phase change process can be utilized, and the effect of active cooling and heat preservation of the building materials can be realized; on the other hand, the added value of phosphogypsum building materials can be improved, and the comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum is improved.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solid-liquid phase change materials are one of the most commonly used phase change materials due to wide sources of raw materials, low price and high phase change enthalpy. PEG is prepared into spherical particles after shaping-surface hydrophobic modification, and the spherical particles are applied to phosphogypsum blocks, so that the effects of actively cooling and heat preservation of the blocks can be realized. However, in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the building block material, the addition amount of the phase-change spherical particles can only be controlled below 10-30% of the weight of the phosphogypsum building block, and the energy conservation of the phase-change phosphogypsum building block is difficult to further improve; in addition, because the main component of the phosphogypsum block is calcium sulfate, the phosphogypsum block still has a certain solvent degree (1.9-2.3 g/L) in water, so that the phosphogypsum block cannot be applied to the outdoor, and the application field is severely limited. The industrial byproduct phosphogypsum also contains impurities such as phosphorus and fluorine, which are difficult to completely remove due to the restriction of cost, a large amount of wastewater generated by treatment and other factors, and the phosphorus and fluorine impurities can be gradually released in the application, so that the building block has potential harm, and the building block returns frost and is easy to produce moss. These problems all seriously affect the large-scale use of phosphogypsum blocks. Therefore, in order to solve the problems, the research on the phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with the water resistance and the low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate can provide a new method for realizing the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum and the energy saving of buildings, and has important significance for environmental protection and the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficult problem of the application field limitation of phosphogypsum and the defects existing in large-scale use, the invention aims to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provides a preparation method of a water-resistant phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) The semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, the high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet and PEG are mixed with a proper amount of cementing material and water according to the mass ratio of 100:10-200:5-100 to obtain a mixture.
The cementing material is polyacrylic acid, and the addition amount of the polyacrylic acid is 0.1-10% of the mass of the phosphogypsum hemihydrate; the amount of water added is to achieve uniform mixing.
(2) Pouring the mixture into a mold oven for curing for 2-3 days to form the phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum building block.
(3) And finally, carrying out surface coating water-resistant modification on the surface of the phase-change phosphogypsum block to obtain the water-resistant low-phosphorus fluorine phase-change phosphogypsum block material, wherein the coating modification material is a polyisocyanate modification material or a polymer-cement modification material.
The high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet in the step (1) is a surface hydrophobic modified material obtained by adopting a hydrophobic material to wrap the surface of the phase-change pellet.
The phase-change spherulites are polyethylene glycol phase-change spherulites, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 1000-20000g/mol.
The polyethylene glycol phase-change pellet is prepared by taking polyethylene glycol self-crystallization as a template and adopting a dropping ball cooling granulation method (the preparation steps are as tower urea granulation, wherein PEG and Carboxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-Carboxyl, the molecular weight is about 2600 g/mol) are firstly mixed to be used as a component A, then PEG and trimethylolpropane-tris [3- (2-methylaziridinyl) ] propionate are mixed to be used as a component B, finally A, B is quickly mixed and stirred uniformly in a molten state, and then dropped out from a high position through a dropping nozzle, and the dropped material is quickly cooled and crystallized into spherical particles in a granulation tower through cold air.
The hydrophobic material comprises phase-change paraffin and one or more of C10-C18 alkane hydroxyl-terminated alcohols as the hydrophobic material, a linear or star-shaped block copolymer SEBS as the adsorption material and hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide as the wrapping material formed by the thixotropic property regulator.
The preparation method of the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet comprises the steps of putting polyethylene glycol phase-change pellets into a mixed solution composed of a hydrophobic material and an adsorption material, taking out the polyethylene glycol phase-change pellets, putting the polyethylene glycol phase-change pellets into hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide powder, and coating the hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide powder to obtain the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet.
Preferably, the step (3) is to hydrophobically modify the phase-change phosphogypsum surface by using polyisocyanate or polymer-cement modified material, and prepare the water-resistant low-phosphorus fluorine phase-change phosphogypsum block material coated by polymers with different thicknesses.
The polymer-cement modified material is prepared by mixing vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion with water and then adding PO32.5 cement, wherein the mass ratio of the vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion to the water to the PO32.5 cement is 1:2-5:0.5-2; the solid content of the vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion is 40-60%.
In the process of coating the polyisocyanate, the polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate is used for coating, and the polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate is crosslinked and polymerized into the polyisocyanate to coat and seal phosphogypsum blocks under the condition of air humidity.
The phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum building block is coated with a polyisocyanate modified material or a polymer-cement modified material, and is sealed by release paper to obtain the phosphogypsum building block material with the thickness of 0.01-10 mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with the water resistance and the low phosphorus fluorine dissolution rate takes polyethylene glycol self spherulites as a template, and the shape-stable phase-change spherulites with high PEG coating rate are prepared through surface hydrophobic modification, compared with the chemical coating method (the maximum coating rate is only 400%) of an interpenetrating network structure, the maximum PEG coating rate of the self spherulites template method can reach 1000%, the phase-change enthalpy value reaches 190J/g, and the phase-change phosphogypsum building block material has no leakage for a long time at 80 ℃. The method is based on the mass preparation of high-enthalpy spherulite phase-change material by a dropping ball cooling granulation method, and the self-cooling and heat-insulating performance of the phosphogypsum block phase-change material is improved by compounding the spherical phase-change material and PEG in phosphogypsum, and the surface modification is carried out on the block material by using polyisocyanate or polymer-cement which is easy to self-solidify in a room temperature environment and can react with hydroxyl groups (derived from added PEG) on the surface of the block, so that the water resistance of the phase-change phosphogypsum block material is enhanced, and meanwhile, the dissolution rate of fluorine and phosphorus impurities in water is reduced. In addition, the production process of the water-resistant phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is simple and feasible, is easy for large-scale production, has low cost and has higher application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase-change phosphogypsum block structure with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate. Wherein the 1-polyisocyanate or polymer-cement surface modified phase change phosphogypsum block; 2-polyethylene glycol; 3-surface hydrophobic high enthalpy setting phase change pellets.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, and will be more fully described with reference to the accompanying key characterization data.
Example 1
The phase-change phosphogypsum block with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is prepared by mainly selecting semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polyisocyanate as raw materials. Wherein the average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 1000g/mol, and the mass ratio of semi-hydrated phosphogypsum to high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet to PEG is 100:10:10. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) PEG (average molecular weight of 1000 g/mol) self-crystallization is used as a template, and a dropping ball cooling granulation method is adopted to prepare PEG shaping phase-change pellets: firstly, 800g of PEG and 200g of Carboxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-Carboxyl, with the molecular weight of about 2600 g/mol) are mixed to be used as a component A, then 200g of PEG and 60g of trimethylolpropane-tris [3- (2-methylaziridinyl) ] propionate are mixed to be used as a component B, finally A, B is quickly mixed and stirred uniformly in a molten state, the mixture is dropped out from a high place through a dropping nozzle, and the dropped material is quickly cooled and crystallized into spherical particles in a granulating tower through cold air, so that the PEG-shaped phase-change pellets are prepared for standby.
(2) Immersing PEG shaped phase-change pellets into a solution consisting of phase-change paraffin (100 g), hexadecanol (100 g) and SEBS (20 g), and then taking out the phase-change pellets and putting the phase-change pellets into hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide powder to carry out coating treatment to obtain the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellets.
(3) Semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol (molecular weight about 1000 g/mol) and high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellets are mixed according to a ratio of 100:10:10 mass ratio, adding a proper amount of water and polyacrylic acid cementing material accounting for 2% of the mass of the phosphogypsum hemihydrate, uniformly stirring to form a fluid shape, pouring into a mould (240 mm multiplied by 115mm multiplied by 53 mm) for curing and molding, taking out, and placing in a 40 ℃ oven for curing for 3 days to obtain the phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum building block.
(4) Phase-change spherulites-PEG-with polyisocyanates (polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanates, PM 200)
The surface of the phosphogypsum block is coated, the phosphogypsum block is placed on isolating paper, and the polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate is crosslinked and polymerized into polyisocyanate by utilizing the moisture in the air, so that the phosphogypsum block is coated and sealed (the coating modification thickness is 0.02 mm), and the phase-change phosphogypsum block material with the water resistance and the low phosphorus fluorine dissolution rate can be obtained. The model schematic diagram of the prepared water-resistant phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is shown in figure 1.
The prepared phosphogypsum block material is subjected to phase change enthalpy value, water resistance and dissolution rate of phosphorus and fluorine impurity ions in water, and the data are shown in table 1.
Example 2
In the embodiment, semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polyisocyanate are used as raw materials to prepare the phase-change phosphogypsum building block with water resistance and low phosphorus fluorine dissolution rate. The main procedure is as in example 1. Wherein the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 6000g/mol.
Example 3
The semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polyisocyanate are still selected as raw materials for preparing the phase-change phosphogypsum building block with water resistance and low phosphorus fluorine dissolution rate. The main procedure is as in example 1. Wherein the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 20000g/mol.
Example 4
The phase-change phosphogypsum block with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is prepared by taking semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polyisocyanate as raw materials. The specific procedure is as in example 1. Wherein the average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000g/mol, the mass ratio of semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change spherulites and PEG is 100:50:20, and the thickness of the phase-change phosphogypsum block surface coating modified material is 0.1mm.
Example 5
The phase-change phosphogypsum block with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is prepared by using semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate as raw materials. The specific procedure is as in example 1. Wherein the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000g/mol, the mass ratio of semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change spherulites and PEG is 100:100:50, and the thickness of the phase-change phosphogypsum block surface coating modified material is 0.5mm.
Example 6
The phase-change phosphogypsum block with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is prepared by using semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate as raw materials. The specific procedure is as in example 1. The molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 2000g/mol, the mass ratio of semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellets and PEG is 100:200:100, and the thickness of the phase-change phosphogypsum block surface coating modified material is 1mm.
Example 7
The phase-change phosphogypsum block with water resistance and low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate is prepared by taking semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol, high enthalpy phase-change pellets and polymer-cement as raw materials. The phase-change phosphogypsum block is prepared according to the following steps in example 1: the method comprises the steps of coating the surface of a building block by polymer-cement slurry (prepared by mixing 30g of vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion (solid content is 55%) with 100g of water, adding 30g of PO32.5 cement, and blending), and placing the building block on release paper to carry out coating and sealing treatment (coating modification thickness is 1 mm) on the phosphogypsum building block, so that the water-resistant phase-change phosphogypsum building block material with low phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate can be obtained. Wherein the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 3000g/mol, the mass ratio of semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, high enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change spherulites and PEG is 100:30:20, and the thickness of the phase-change phosphogypsum block surface coating modified material is 1mm.
Example 8
This example is similar to example 7 except that the surface coating modification material thickness of the phase change phosphogypsum block is 8mm.
Comparative example 1
For comparison with examples 1-8, semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, polyethylene glycol and high-enthalpy phase-change pellets are mainly selected as raw materials to prepare the phase-change phosphogypsum building block with water resistance and low phosphorus fluorine dissolution rate. The specific steps of the phase-change phosphogypsum block are as in example 1, and the surface of the block is not coated with water resistance. Wherein the surface of the phase-change phosphogypsum block is not coated with the modified material.
TABLE 1 phase transition enthalpy value, water resistance and phosphate fluoride ion dissolution Rate of phase transition phosphogypsum block sample
Figure SMS_1
The water resistance test method comprises the following steps: the block to be tested is dried to constant weight at 90 ℃ and the initial weight (m 0 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Immersing it in deionized water (5L) at 25 deg.C for 24 hr, draining for 2 hr, drying in 90 deg.C oven until constant weight, and recording the weight (m 1 ). The water resistance is according to the value m 1 /m 0 The larger the value, the better the water resistance (poor < 95, good 95-98, > 98, excellent) is judged by x 100%.
Phosphorus and fluorine dissolution rate: the deionized water soaked in the building blocks is used for measuring the concentration (mg/L) of phosphate radicals and fluoride ions immersed in water according to the national standard (GB/T14642-2009 industrial circulating cooling water and ion chromatography for measuring fluorine, chlorine, phosphate radicals, nitrite radicals and sulfate radicals in boiler water).

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the phase-change phosphogypsum building block material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet, PEG, polyacrylic acid cementing material and water are mixed to obtain a mixture, the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet is prepared by immersing polyethylene glycol phase-change pellets in a mixed solution composed of hydrophobic material and adsorption material, taking out the mixed solution and then putting the mixed solution into hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide powder to carry out coating treatment on the mixed solution to obtain the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet, the polyethylene glycol phase-change pellet is prepared by taking polyethylene glycol self-crystallization as a template and adopting a dropping ball cooling granulation method, and the mass ratio of the semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, the high-enthalpy hydrophobic phase-change pellet to PEG is 100: 10-200: 5-100 parts;
(2) Pouring the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a mold oven for curing and molding to obtain a phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum building block;
(3) And finally, carrying out coating modification on the surface of the phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum block, wherein the coating modification material is a polyisocyanate modification material or a polymer-cement modification material in the coating modification process, so as to obtain the phase-change phosphogypsum block material.
2. The method for preparing the phase-change phosphogypsum block material according to claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 1000-20000g/mol.
3. The method for preparing the phase-change phosphogypsum block material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic material comprises a wrapping material formed by taking one or more of phase-change paraffin and C10-C18 alkane hydroxyl-terminated alcohol as the hydrophobic material, taking a linear or star-shaped block copolymer SEBS as an adsorption material and taking hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide as a thixotropic property regulator.
4. The method for preparing the phase-change phosphogypsum block material according to claim 3, wherein the cementing material is polyacrylic acid, and the addition amount of the polyacrylic acid is 0.1-10% of the mass of the phosphogypsum hemihydrate.
5. The method of preparing a phase-change phosphogypsum block material according to claim 4, wherein the polymer-cement modified material in step (3) is prepared by mixing vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer emulsion with water and adding P.O32.5 cement.
6. The preparation method of the phase-change phosphogypsum block material according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of the vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion to the water to the P.O32.5 cement is 1:2-5:0.5-2; the solid content of the vinyl acetate-ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer emulsion is 40-60%.
7. The method for preparing the phase-change phosphogypsum block material according to claim 6, wherein the phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum block coated with the polyisocyanate modified material or the polymer-cement modified material in the step (3) is coated, and the phosphogypsum block material with the thickness of 0.01-10mm is obtained after the phase-change pellet-PEG-phosphogypsum block is sealed by a piece of isolating paper.
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CN110156423A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 贵州大学 A kind of preparation method of half water ardealite gypsum-based phase change energy storage gravity flowing levelling mortar

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