CN115259758A - Millimeter-grade gangue slurry proportion optimization and preparation method - Google Patents
Millimeter-grade gangue slurry proportion optimization and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a proportion optimization and preparation method of a millimeter-scale gangue slurry filling material for mines, and belongs to the technical field of filling materials. Firstly, testing the physical and chemical properties of waste rock raw materials, analyzing the particle size distribution, the micro morphology and the chemical structure of the waste rock, revealing the crushing characteristic and the water retention suspension mechanism of the waste rock, and obtaining the particle size ranges of the waste rock with fine particle size and the waste rock with coarse particle size; and then, according to the precipitation rate, the expansion degree and the mechanical property of the gangue slurries with different grain size grading and concentration, the gangue slurry with large proportion of coarse grain size gangue and good conveying performance is preferably selected, so that the purposes of reducing the gangue crushing and grinding cost and simplifying the slurry preparation process are achieved. The millimeter-grade gangue slurry prepared by the method can meet the requirement of good conveying performance, other cementing materials are not added, millimeter-grade pure gangue fluidized underground filling is realized, the preparation cost of the filling slurry is reduced, and the utilization way of gangue solid waste is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportion optimization and preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of filling materials.
Background
The waste rock is an inevitable associated product in the coal mining and washing processes, and in order to solve the problem of waste rock solid accumulation, a pipeline is utilized to convey waste rock particles to enter a well for filling, so that the history is long. The quality of the transportation performance of the waste rock slurry in the filling process is an important guarantee of no pipe blockage and long-distance transportation, currently, in order to realize the good transportation performance of the filling slurry, cementing materials such as fly ash and cement are required to be additionally added into the waste rock slurry, if the cementing materials are not additionally added, all the waste rock is required to be ground by ball milling, and the electric quantity consumption is very high. Because the waste rock solid waste disposal faces huge pressure at present, the research and development of novel waste rock base grouting filling materials have urgent practical significance.
The invention provides a method for preparing gangue slurry by mixing pure gangue and water, which is characterized in that in order to simplify the preparation process, save energy consumption and ensure the transport performance of the gangue slurry, a mode of directionally improving the content of fine-grain-size gangue is adopted, the fine-grain-size gangue obtained after ball milling plays the roles of water retention and suspension in the transport process of the coarse-grain-size gangue slurry, the proportion of the fine-grain-size gangue is reduced while the transport performance is ensured, and the optimized proportion of the gangue slurry can ensure good transport performance and reduce the energy consumption for gangue crushing. Therefore, the research on the proportion optimization and preparation method of the millimeter-grade gangue slurry becomes a key way for solving the problem of disposal of gangue waste in a mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the millimeter-grade gangue slurry proportion optimization and preparation method is provided, so that the gangue filling material can be widely applied to the aspects of goaf treatment, separation layer grouting filling and the like, the application range of the gangue material in the filling aspect is enlarged, and the cost for disposing gangue is reduced.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportion optimizing method comprises the following steps:
and 4, fully mixing the prepared coarse and fine particle size gangue according to a theoretical optimal proportion, adding water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a millimeter-grade gangue slurry filling material, monitoring the performance parameters of the gangue slurry through field industrial experiments, fully considering different conveying distances or conveying pipeline arrangement modes in field practical application, judging the conveying performance of the gangue slurry, then adjusting the proportion of the coarse and fine particle size gangue according to the conveying performance feedback of the gangue slurry, and finally obtaining the millimeter-grade pure gangue grouting material which does not need to be added with a cementing material and meets the use requirement of field mine area conveying.
Further tests are carried out on the changes of the particle size distribution, the micro morphology and the chemical structure after the gangue is crushed:
a1, testing particle size distribution: performing characterization analysis on the particle size and distribution of the fine-particle-size waste rock obtained after ball milling for 0.5h, 1h and 1.5h by using a dry powder laser particle sizer to obtain particle size and grading change curves of the fine-particle-size waste rock formed in different grinding times;
a2, microscopic morphology change test: dispersing unground waste rocks and fine-grain-size waste rocks obtained by ball milling for 0.5h in ethanol, absorbing the dispersed sample liquid drop on a glass slide by a dropper after ultrasonic dispersion, sticking the sample by a sample table covered with conductive adhesive after the ethanol is volatilized, and observing the appearance characteristics of the fine-grain-size waste rocks by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after gold spraying, thereby judging that the fine-grain-size waste rocks have the filling and suspending effects;
a3, analyzing the chemical structure change of the gangue before and after grinding in the step a1 by utilizing Fourier infrared FTIR spectrum, wherein the map result shows that the gangue with the fine particle size is 3600-3200 cm in comparison with the gangue with the coarse particle size-1The hydrogen bond peak in the range is stronger, part of the kaolinite structure in the gangue with fine particle size is destroyed, and Si-O-AlVIReduced structure and more hydrophilic AlIVAnd an O tetrahedron, so that the fine-particle-size gangue is judged to be stronger in hydrophilicity.
Further, putting the waste rocks with different particle sizes into the suspension solution, and obtaining the critical particle size of powder waste rock particles, the maximum non-sinking particle size of aggregate waste rock particles and the water-retaining suspension mechanism after mixing of coarse and fine waste rocks, which have the water-retaining suspension characteristic, according to the suspension time of the waste rocks with the particle sizes in the suspension solution and by combining the change of the functional groups of the waste rocks under different particle sizes and the degree of hydrophilic and hydrophobic changes brought by the functional groups.
Further, a test scheme of gangue slurry with different grain size grading and different concentrations is formulated according to a water retention suspension mechanism, a settling rate of 5-20% is taken as a screening standard I, an expansion degree of more than 200mm is taken as a screening standard II, the optimal mass percentage concentration of the gangue grouting material is determined to be 60%, the grain size range of coarse grain size gangue is 0.15-2mm, fine grain size gangue needs to be ground for 0.5h, the grain size range is 0-0.15mm, and the mass ratio of the coarse grain size gangue to the fine grain size gangue in the gangue grouting material is 1.
A millimeter-grade gangue slurry proportioning preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, conveying ground waste rocks serving as raw material waste rocks to a jaw crusher through a vibrating feeder and a waste rock conveying belt conveyor for primary crushing, wherein the primary crushing target is 40mm;
s2, feeding the crushed waste rocks after the primary crushing of the jaw crusher into a vibration screening machine for screening, conveying the waste rocks with the particle size of less than 40mm to a pair roller sand making machine through a waste rock conveying rubber belt conveyor for secondary crushing, and returning the waste rocks with the particle size of more than 40mm to the jaw crusher for continuous crushing;
s3, performing secondary crushing on the waste rocks by using a pair roller sand making machine, wherein the secondary crushing target is 2mm, and screening out the waste rocks with the particle size of 0.15-2mm by performing 100-mesh screening on part of the waste rocks after the secondary crushing; conveying the other part of the waste rock subjected to secondary crushing to an overflow ball mill through a waste rock conveying belt conveyor for tertiary crushing, grinding the waste rock into powder, and screening to obtain the waste rock with the particle size of less than 0.15 mm;
and s4, when the filling slurry is prepared, setting gangue with the particle size of 0.15-2mm as coarse-particle-size gangue, defining gangue with the particle size of less than 0.15mm as fine-particle-size gangue, and mixing the coarse-particle-size gangue and the fine-particle-size gangue according to the ratio of 1:2, conveying the mixture into a stirring tank by a batching machine, and preliminarily and uniformly mixing;
s5, starting a water pump to convey tap water from the reservoir to a stirring tank which is uniformly mixed preliminarily through a pipeline, measuring the water quantity injected into the stirring tank through a flow counter, stopping water injection after controlling the solid mass concentration to be 60%, and continuously stirring the solid-liquid mixture in the stirring tank for more than 30min for later use;
and s6, when the goaf is filled, the uniformly mixed gangue slurry is conveyed to a target filling place by using a filling pump and a conveying pipeline to finish filling.
Has the advantages that:
the method has the advantages that the physical and chemical properties, the micro appearance, the chemical structure and the particle size distribution after crushing of the waste rock are tested, the crushing characteristics and the water retention suspension mechanism of the waste rock are revealed, the precipitation rate and the expansion degree of waste rock slurry with different particle size gradations and concentrations are analyzed, the waste rock filling slurry with good conveying performance can be prepared with low cost only by crushing the waste rock and water, any cementing material is not needed, the conveying effect and the filling effect of the waste rock filling slurry in use are ensured, the large-scale treatment of waste rock solid waste in a mining area can be realized, the waste rock accumulation is reduced, the waste rock treatment cost is reduced, the waste rock filling technical approach is widened, and a certain reference significance is provided for conveying large-particle solid materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for optimizing the proportion of millimeter-sized gangue slurry and preparing the millimeter-sized gangue slurry according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the particle size and grading variation curves of gangue at different grinding times in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an FTIR spectrum of unmilled gangue and fine particle size gangue obtained by milling in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a gangue water-retaining suspension mechanism with coarse and fine particle diameters according to the millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportion optimization and preparation method;
FIG. 5 is a screening chart of the conveying performance of gangue slurry with coarse and fine particle sizes in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a layout diagram of a system for on-site preparation of millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportioning optimization and preparation method according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-raw material gangue; 2-vibrating feeder; 3, a rubber belt conveyor; 4-jaw crusher; 5-pair roller sand making machine; 6-overflow ball mill; 7, a water reservoir; 8, a proportioning machine; 9-stirring tank; 10-a filling pump; 11-filling the pipeline.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail and analyzes embodiments of a millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportioning optimization and preparation method of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. This detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is to be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. For numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed.
As shown in fig. 1, a millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportioning optimization method includes the steps:
and 4, fully mixing the prepared coarse and fine particle size waste rocks according to a theoretically optimal proportion, adding water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a millimeter-scale waste rock slurry filling material, monitoring the performance parameters of the waste rock slurry through an on-site industrial experiment, fully considering different conveying distances or conveying pipeline arrangement modes in on-site practical application, judging the conveying performance of the waste rock slurry, then adjusting the proportion of the coarse and fine particle sizes according to the conveying performance feedback of the waste rock slurry, and finally obtaining the millimeter-scale pure waste rock grouting material which does not need to be added with a cementing material and meets the use requirement of on-site mining area conveying.
The embodiment of taking certain mine waste rock in the west of China as a raw material is described by combining the proportion optimization and preparation method of the millimeter-grade waste rock slurry, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. testing of physicochemical properties of raw gangue
A. And (3) testing the density of the gangue: selecting three complete gangue blocks with proper sizes, and respectively weighing the mass of the gangue blocks. Putting the gangue blocks into a beaker in sequence, measuring 500mL of water by using a measuring cylinder, pouring the water into the beaker filled with the gangue blocks, and metering to 500mL, wherein the volume of the residual water in the measuring cylinder is the volume of the gangue blocks. The measurement is carried out three times, and the average density value of the complete gangue blocks is calculated to be 2.82g/cm3。
B. And (3) determining the composition of the gangue minerals: crushing and screening a gangue sample to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 325 meshes for sample preparation, testing by using a powder crystal X-ray diffractometer at an angle of 4-70 degrees, and obtaining the main mineral components of the gangue in the mining area, such as quartz, kaolinite, muscovite and the like.
C. And (3) determining chemical elements of the gangue: crushing and screening a gangue sample to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 200 meshes for sample preparation, testing by using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and carrying out non-standard sample quantitative analysis, wherein the analysis element range is 4 Be-92U, and the element quantitative range is ppm-100%, so that the main chemical component of the gangue is SiO266.1％、Al2O318.9％、Fe2O33.58％、K2O2.86% and other trace components.
2. On the basis of the test result in the step 1), a further test scheme is formulated for the changes of the particle size distribution, the micro morphology and the chemical structure after the gangue is crushed.
A. Testing the particle size distribution: the particle size and distribution of the gangue with the fine particle size obtained after ball milling for 0.5h, 1h and 1.5h are characterized and analyzed by using a Winner 3009B dry powder laser particle sizer, and the particle size and grading change curves of the gangue with different grinding time are obtained and are shown in figure 2.
B. And (3) micro-morphology change test: and dispersing unground gangue and gangue with a fine particle size obtained by ball milling for 0.5h in ethanol, and sucking the dispersed sample liquid drop on a glass slide by using a dropper after ultrasonic dispersion. After the ethanol volatilizes, a sample is adhered by a sample table covered with conductive adhesive, and the sample is used for SEM observation after gold spraying.
C. Fourier infrared FTIR spectrum is utilized to analyze the chemical structure change of the waste rocks before and after grinding, and the map result shows that the waste rocks with fine particle size are 3600-3200 cm higher than the waste rocks with coarse particle size-1The hydrogen bond peak in the range is stronger, namely the fine-particle-size gangue is stronger in hydrophilicity. And part of the kaolinite structure in the fine-grained gangue is destroyed, si-O-AlVIReduced structure and more hydrophilic AlIVFTIR spectra of-O tetrahedron, unground gangue and gangue with fine particle size obtained by grinding are shown in figure 3,
3. under the support of the test results of the steps 1) and 2), the change of the gangue functional groups under different particle sizes and the degree of hydrophilic and hydrophobic changes brought by the change are analyzed to obtain the critical particle size of powder gangue particles with the water-retaining suspension characteristic, the maximum non-sinking particle size of aggregate gangue particles and the water-retaining suspension mechanism after mixing of coarse and fine gangue. As shown in fig. 4.
4. Formulating a test scheme of the gangue slurry with different grain size gradations and different concentrations according to the step 3), taking a settling rate of 5-20% as a screening standard 1 and an expansion degree of more than 200mm as a screening standard 2, and obtaining a screening result as shown in fig. 5, wherein the dominant proportion of the gangue grouting material is determined to be 60% in concentration, the grain size range of coarse grain size gangue is 0.15-2mm, fine grain size gangue needs to be ground for 0.5h and is 0-0.15mm, and the mass proportion of the coarse grain size gangue and the fine grain size gangue in the gangue grouting material is 1.
5. As shown in fig. 6, industrial preparation of gangue slurry is carried out according to the optimal proportion obtained in the step 4), and raw gangue 1 such as ground washing gangue is conveyed to a jaw crusher 4 through a vibrating feeder 2 and a gangue conveying belt conveyor 3 to be crushed to 40mm in a first stage.
6. And the waste rocks falling from the jaw crusher 4 enter a vibration screening machine, the screened waste rocks with the particle size of less than 40mm are conveyed to the pair roller sand making machine 5 through a waste rock conveying rubber belt conveyor to be subjected to secondary crushing, and the waste rocks with the particle size of more than 40mm return to the jaw crusher 4.
7. The gangue is further crushed to 0.15-1 mm by the pair-roller sand making machine 5, the crushed gangue is sieved by a 80-mesh 0.15 mm), the gangue smaller than 0.15mm is conveyed to the overflow ball mill 6 by a gangue conveying belt conveyor to be crushed in three stages, and the gangue is ground into powder.
8. When filling slurry is prepared, the ratio of coarse-particle-size gangue (0.15-1 mm) to fine-particle-size gangue (0.15 mm) is 1:2 is conveyed into a stirring tank 9 by a proportioning machine 8 to be mixed uniformly.
9. And (3) starting a water pump to convey tap water from the reservoir 7 to the stirring tank 9 which is uniformly mixed preliminarily through a pipeline, measuring the water quantity injected into the stirring tank through a flow counter, controlling the solid mass concentration to be 60%, and continuously stirring the solid-liquid mixture in the stirring tank 9 for more than 30min for later use.
10. And (3) during filling, the filling pump 10 and the conveying pipeline 11 are used for conveying the uniformly mixed gangue slurry to a target filling site to complete filling, and the steps 5) to 9) are repeated to prepare sufficient slurry meeting the filling requirement.
Claims (5)
1. A millimeter-scale gangue slurry proportion optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, testing the particle size distribution, the micro morphology, the phase composition and the chemical groups of the gangue in a mining area, analyzing and testing the crushing characteristic and the water retention suspension mechanism of the gangue in the mining area, dividing the gangue into fine particle sizes with remarkable powder characteristics and coarse particle sizes with remarkable aggregate characteristics, and respectively giving the particle size ranges of the fine particle sizes and the coarse particle sizes of the gangue;
step 2, according to the particle size ranges of the fine-particle-size gangue and the coarse-particle-size gangue obtained in the step 1, carrying out multistage crushing on an original gangue material to obtain fine-particle-size gangue and coarse-particle-size gangue, wherein the fine-particle-size gangue and the coarse-particle-size gangue both contain gangue with different particle sizes;
step 3, performing gangue slurry tests with different particle size gradations and concentrations in a mode of matching fine-particle-size gangue in a particle size range with coarse-particle-size gangue in a particle size range, analyzing rules that the particle size gradations and the concentrations influence the slurry conveying performance, and giving a theoretically optimal millimeter-scale gangue grouting material proportion which is low in water precipitation rate, good in expansibility and suitable for long-distance conveying according to water precipitation rate and slump expansion indexes, wherein the theoretically optimal millimeter-scale gangue grouting material needs to meet the requirement that the precipitation rate is 5-20%, and the expansion degree is larger than 200mm;
and 4, fully mixing the prepared coarse and fine particle size gangue according to a theoretical optimal proportion, adding water, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a millimeter-grade gangue slurry filling material, monitoring the performance parameters of the gangue slurry through field industrial experiments, fully considering different conveying distances or conveying pipeline arrangement modes in field practical application, judging the conveying performance of the gangue slurry, then adjusting the proportion of the coarse and fine particle size gangue according to the conveying performance feedback of the gangue slurry, and finally obtaining the millimeter-grade pure gangue grouting material which does not need to be added with a cementing material and meets the use requirement of field mine area conveying.
2. The millimeter-sized gangue slurry proportioning optimization method according to claim 1, characterized by carrying out further tests on the changes of the particle size distribution, the micro-morphology and the chemical structure after gangue crushing:
a1, testing particle size distribution: performing characterization analysis on the particle size and distribution of the fine-particle-size waste rock obtained after ball milling for 0.5h, 1h and 1.5h by using a dry powder laser particle sizer to obtain particle size and grading change curves of the fine-particle-size waste rock formed in different grinding times;
a2, microscopic morphology change test: dispersing unground waste rocks and fine-grain-size waste rocks obtained by ball milling for 0.5h in ethanol, absorbing the dispersed sample liquid drop on a glass slide by a dropper after ultrasonic dispersion, sticking the sample by a sample table covered with conductive adhesive after the ethanol is volatilized, and observing the appearance characteristics of the fine-grain-size waste rocks by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after gold spraying, thereby judging that the fine-grain-size waste rocks have the filling and suspending effects;
a3, analyzing the chemical structure change of the gangue before and after grinding in the step a1 by utilizing Fourier infrared FTIR spectrum, wherein the map result shows that the gangue with fine particle size is 3600-3200 cm in comparison with the gangue with coarse particle size-1The hydrogen bond peak in the range is stronger, part of the kaolinite structure in the gangue with fine particle size is destroyed, and Si-O-AlVIReduced structure and high yieldAl with stronger hydrophilicity is generatedIVAnd an O tetrahedron, so that the fine-particle-size gangue is judged to be stronger in hydrophilicity.
3. The millimeter-sized gangue slurry proportioning optimization method according to claim 2, characterized in that: putting the waste rocks with different particle sizes into the suspension solution, and obtaining the critical particle size of powder waste rock particles, the maximum non-sinking particle size of aggregate waste rock particles and the water-retaining suspension mechanism after mixing of coarse and fine waste rocks, which have the water-retaining suspension characteristic, according to the suspension time of the waste rocks with different particle sizes in the suspension solution and by combining the change of the waste rock functional groups under different particle sizes and the degree of hydrophilic and hydrophobic changes brought by the change.
4. The millimeter-sized gangue slurry proportioning optimization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of making a test scheme of gangue slurries with different grain size gradations and different concentrations according to a water retention suspension mechanism, taking a settling rate of 5-20% as a screening standard I, taking an expansion degree of more than 200mm as a screening standard II, determining the optimal mass percentage concentration of the gangue grouting material to be 60%, wherein the grain size range of coarse grain size gangue is 0.15-2mm, fine grain size gangue needs to be ground for 0.5h, the grain size range is 0-0.15mm, and the mass ratio of the coarse grain size gangue to the fine grain size gangue in the gangue grouting material is 1.
5. A millimeter-grade gangue slurry proportioning preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, conveying ground waste rock serving as raw material waste rock (1) to a jaw crusher (4) through a vibrating feeder (2) and a waste rock conveying belt conveyor (3) for primary crushing, wherein the primary crushing target is 40mm;
s2, feeding the crushed waste rocks after the primary crushing of the jaw crusher (4) into a vibration screening machine for screening, conveying the screened waste rocks with the particle size of less than 40mm to a pair roller sand making machine (5) through a waste rock conveying rubber belt conveyor (3) for secondary crushing, and returning the waste rocks with the particle size of more than 40mm to the jaw crusher (4) for continuous crushing;
s3, performing secondary crushing on the waste rocks by using the pair-roller sand making machine (5), wherein the secondary crushing target is 2mm, and screening out the waste rocks with the particle size of 0.15-2mm by performing 100-mesh screening on part of the waste rocks after the secondary crushing; conveying the other part of the waste rock subjected to secondary crushing to an overflow ball mill (6) through a waste rock conveying belt conveyor (3) for tertiary crushing, grinding the waste rock into powder, and screening to obtain the waste rock with the particle size of less than 0.15 mm;
and s4, when the filling slurry is prepared, setting the waste rocks with the particle size of 0.15-2mm as the waste rocks with the coarse particle size, defining the waste rocks with the particle size of less than 0.15mm as the waste rocks with the fine particle size, and mixing the waste rocks with the coarse particle size and the waste rocks with the fine particle size according to the ratio of 1:2 is conveyed into a stirring tank (9) by a proportioning machine (8) to be primarily mixed uniformly;
s5, starting a water pump to convey tap water from the reservoir (7) to the stirring tank (9) which is uniformly mixed initially through a pipeline, measuring the water quantity injected into the stirring tank (9) through a flow counter, controlling the solid mass concentration to be 60%, stopping injecting water, and continuously stirring the solid-liquid mixture in the stirring tank (9) for more than 30min for later use;
and s6, when the goaf is filled, the uniformly mixed gangue slurry is conveyed to a target filling place by using a filling pump (10) and a conveying pipeline (11) to finish filling.
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