CN115255993B

CN115255993B - Clamping device and machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN115255993B
Application number: CN202211022762.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵亚宁; 王红霞; 齐亚文
Original assignee: Kocel Machine Tool Accessories Ltd
Current assignee: Kocel Machine Tool Accessories Ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-25
Filing date: 2022-08-25
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-25
Also published as: CN115255993A

Abstract

The invention relates to a clamping device which comprises a bottom plate, a driving mechanism, a guiding mechanism and a gripper assembly, wherein the driving mechanism, the guiding mechanism and the gripper assembly are all arranged on the bottom plate; the driving mechanism drives the gripper assembly to clamp a workpiece, and the guiding mechanism is arranged between the driving mechanism and the gripper assembly and used for guiding the gripper assembly to automatically align according to the shape of the workpiece. The invention also discloses a machine tool comprising the clamping device. The clamping device disclosed by the invention can be suitable for dimensional deviation of a blank workpiece with lower appearance precision, firmly and stably clamp the workpiece and automatically align, so that the machining precision is improved; the clamping device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of wide adaptability, low installation difficulty and good cost performance.

Description

Clamping device and machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a clamping device and a machine tool.

Background

In machine manufacturing processes, clamps are typically used to secure a workpiece to ensure machining accuracy requirements in order to subject the workpiece to machining or inspection at a particular location. For blank workpieces such as die casting, forging, casting and the like, the shape accuracy of the blank surface is relatively low, and the existing clamp is used for fixing the blank workpieces, so that the conditions of unfirm clamping, clamping deformation and the like can occur, and further the processing rejection rate is increased, and accidents such as tool collision and tool forging occur.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a clamping device and a machine tool which are stable, reliable and capable of automatically aligning, aiming at the problem that a blank workpiece is difficult to clamp.

In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the embodiment of the invention discloses a clamping device which comprises a bottom plate, a driving mechanism, a guiding mechanism and a gripper assembly, wherein the driving mechanism, the guiding mechanism and the gripper assembly are all arranged on the bottom plate; the driving mechanism drives the gripper assembly to clamp a workpiece, and the guiding mechanism is arranged between the driving mechanism and the gripper assembly and used for guiding the gripper assembly to automatically align according to the shape of the workpiece.

In one embodiment, the guide mechanism comprises a first installation seat, a sliding piece and a pressing piece, wherein the first installation seat is fixed on the bottom plate, a guide groove is formed in the installation seat, and the sliding piece is arranged in the guide groove; one end of the sliding piece is connected with the driving mechanism, a first notch is formed in the other end of the sliding piece, and the pressing piece is connected in the first notch in a sliding manner; the driving piece drives the sliding piece to slide in the guide groove and drives the abutting piece to abut against the gripper assembly.

In one embodiment, a first limiting plate is arranged at one end, away from the driving mechanism, of the first notch, and limiting is performed on the pressing piece.

In one embodiment, the guiding mechanism further comprises a floating joint, one end of the sliding piece, which is away from the first notch, is provided with a second notch perpendicular to the first notch, one end of the floating joint is slidably connected in the second notch, and the other end of the floating joint is connected with the driving mechanism.

In one embodiment, a second limiting plate is arranged at one end of the second notch, which is away from the pressing piece, and limits the floating joint.

In one embodiment, the guide mechanism further comprises a cover plate, a third notch is formed in one side, away from the bottom plate, of the first mounting seat, and the cover plate is fixedly connected to the first mounting seat and forms the guide groove with the third notch.

In one embodiment, the driving mechanism comprises a second mounting seat and a driving piece, the second mounting seat is fixed on the bottom plate, the telescopic end of the driving piece is connected with the guiding mechanism, and the other end of the driving piece is fixed on the second mounting seat.

In one embodiment, the gripper assembly comprises a scissor gripper composed of a rotating shaft, a limiting piece and two clamping jaws, wherein the rotating shaft is a stepped shaft, and the large end of the stepped shaft is fixed on the bottom plate; each clamping jaw is provided with a through hole, two clamping jaws are arranged at the small end of the stepped shaft in a crossing way through the through holes, and the limiting piece is arranged at one end, deviating from the bottom plate, of the small end of the stepped shaft; the driving mechanism drives the guide mechanism to be pressed between the two clamping jaws.

In one embodiment, the gripper assembly further comprises an elastic compression member connected to the opposite side of the scissor gripper from the end of the guide mechanism.

Preferably, the elastic compression member is a compression spring.

The embodiment of the invention also discloses a machine tool which comprises the clamping device.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

according to the clamping device disclosed by the invention, through reasonable structural design, the blank workpiece with lower appearance precision can be adapted to the dimensional deviation, the workpiece can be firmly and stably clamped and automatically aligned, and the machining precision is improved. According to the clamping device disclosed by the invention, the driving mechanism is connected with the sliding part through the floating joint, so that the running stability of the sliding part is improved, and the assembly difficulty between parts is reduced; the pushing piece and the sliding piece form a sliding pair, and the pushing piece can slide according to the reaction force of the gripper assembly to drive the gripper assembly to automatically align. The clamping device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of wide adaptability, low installation difficulty and good cost performance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 and fig. 5 are schematic structural views of components of a clamping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

reference numerals illustrate:

100-a bottom plate;

200-driving mechanism, 210-second mounting seat, 220-driving piece;

300-guiding mechanism, 310-first mounting seat, 311-guiding groove, 320-sliding piece, 321-first notch, 322-second notch, 323-first limiting plate, 324-second limiting plate, 330-pressing piece, 340-floating joint and 350-cover plate;

400-gripper assembly, 410-spindle, 420-scissor gripper, 421-clamping part, 422-transmission part, 430-limiting piece, 440-elastic compression piece.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "top," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a clamping device, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the disclosed clamping device comprises a base plate 100, a driving mechanism 200, a guiding mechanism 300 and a gripper assembly 400, wherein the driving mechanism 200, the guiding mechanism 300 and the gripper assembly 400 are all fixed on the base plate 100. Specifically, one end of the guiding mechanism 300 is connected with the driving mechanism 200, and a gripper assembly 400 is arranged on one side of the guiding mechanism 300 away from the driving mechanism 200; the driving mechanism 200 drives the guide mechanism 300 to press against the gripper assembly 400 to provide driving force for the gripper assembly 400 to clamp a workpiece, and the guide mechanism 300 guides the gripper assembly 400 to perform automatic alignment operation according to the shape of the workpiece clamped by the gripper assembly.

In the embodiment disclosed in the invention, the driving mechanism 200 may include a second mounting seat 210 and a driving member 220, where the second mounting seat 210 may be fixedly connected to the base plate 100 by a bolt, a side surface of the second mounting seat 210 may be fixedly connected to the driving member 220, and a telescopic end of the driving member 220 is connected to the guiding mechanism 300. The driving member 220 may be a cylinder, an electric cylinder, an oil cylinder, etc., as long as a linear motion power source is provided, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.

In the embodiment disclosed in the present invention, the guiding mechanism 300 may include a first mounting seat 310, a sliding member 320 and a pressing member 330, where the first mounting seat 310 is fixedly connected to the base plate 100, and the first mounting seat 310 is located at a telescopic end side of the driving member 220. The first mounting seat 310 is provided with a guide groove 311, the guide groove 311 crosses the first mounting seat 310, the sliding member 320 is arranged in the guide groove 311, and the sliding member 320 can slide in the guide groove 311 in the same direction as the telescopic direction of the telescopic end of the driving member 220. Preferably, limit stops (not shown) may be disposed at both ends of the guide groove 311 to prevent the slider 320 from sliding out of the guide groove 311. One end of the slider 320 is connected to the telescopic end of the driver 220, and as shown in fig. 4, the end of the slider 320 facing away from the driver 220 is provided with a first notch 321. As shown in fig. 5, one end of the pressing member 330 is provided with a protruding end matched with the first notch 321, the protruding end is disposed in the first notch 321 so that the pressing member 330 can slide in the first notch 321, the sliding direction of the pressing member 330 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 320 in the guiding slot 311, and the sliding direction of the pressing member 330 is parallel to the bottom plate 100. The end of the pressing member 330 facing away from the sliding member 320 is a pressing portion, and can press against the gripper assembly 400 to provide a driving force for the gripper assembly 400 to clamp a workpiece.

When the telescopic end of the driving member 220 extends, the sliding member 320 slides in the guide groove 311 along the direction towards the gripper assembly 400, so as to drive the pressing member 330 connected with the sliding member to press against the gripper assembly 400, and the gripper assembly 400 clamps the workpiece; meanwhile, since the blank workpiece has large dimensional deviation, the forces of the various parts of the gripper assembly 400 are not balanced, and the gripper assembly 400 applies a reaction force to the pressing member 330. The pressing piece 330 slides in the first notch 321 according to the reaction force of the gripper assembly 400, drives the gripper assembly 400 to automatically align until reaching the balance point, and the pressing piece 330 does not slide in the first notch 321 any more, at this time, the gripper assembly 400 can stably and reliably clamp the workpiece. When the retractable end of the driving member 220 is retracted, the sliding member 320 slides in the guide groove 311 in a direction toward the driving mechanism 200, and the pressing member 330 connected thereto is driven to release the pressing force applied to the gripper assembly 400, and the gripper assembly 400 releases the workpiece.

Further, a first limiting plate 323 may be disposed at an end of the first notch 321 facing away from the driving mechanism 200 to limit the pressing member 330, where the limiting direction is consistent with the extending direction of the telescopic end of the driving member 220.

In an alternative embodiment, the disclosed clamping device, the guiding mechanism 300 further comprises a floating joint 340 for connecting the slider 320 and the driving mechanism 200. Specifically, the end of the sliding member 320 facing away from the pressing member 330 is provided with a second notch 322, one end of the floating joint 340 is provided with a protruding end matched with the second notch 322, the protruding end of the floating joint 340 is disposed in the second notch 322 so that the floating joint 340 can slide in the second notch 322, and the end of the floating joint 340 facing away from the sliding member 320 is fixedly connected with the telescopic end of the driving member 220. It should be noted that, the sliding direction of the floating joint 340 in the second slot 322 may be perpendicular to the sliding direction of the pressing member 330 in the first slot 321, and may also be perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding member 320 in the guiding slot 311. The floating joint 340 can reduce the difficulty in assembling the driving mechanism 200 and the guiding mechanism 300, and improve the operation stability of the slider 320.

Further, a second limiting plate 324 may be disposed at an end of the second slot 322 facing away from the pressing member 330 to limit the floating joint 340, and the limiting direction is consistent with the retracting direction of the retractable end of the driving member 220.

In the embodiment disclosed in the invention, the guiding mechanism 300 may further include a cover plate 350, wherein a third notch is disposed on a side of the first mounting seat 310 facing away from the bottom plate 100, the cover plate 350 may be fixedly connected to a side of the first mounting seat 310 facing away from the bottom plate 100 through four bolts, and the cover plate 350 and the third notch form a guiding slot 311.

Preferably, a sliding rail may be disposed in the guiding slot 311, and correspondingly, a sliding block matched with the sliding rail may be disposed on the sliding member 320, so as to improve the running efficiency and stability of the sliding member 320 in the guiding slot 311.

In the disclosed embodiment, the gripper assembly 400 may include a rotation shaft 410, a scissor grip 420, and a stopper 430. The rotation shaft 410 is a stepped shaft, a large end of which can be fixed to the base plate 100 by bolts, and a small end of which has a circular cross section. The scissor grip 420 is composed of two claws, each claw is provided with a clamping part 421, a transmission part 422 and a connecting part between the clamping part 421 and the transmission part 422, and the connecting part is provided with a circular through hole matched with the small end of the stepped shaft. Of course, each part of the claw may be an integral structure, or may be a mosaic, welding, assembly or other structure, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The through holes of two claws are sleeved at the small end of the stepped shaft in sequence, the two claws are mutually intersected and symmetrically arranged, one side, deviating from the large end, of the small end of the stepped shaft can be fixedly provided with a limiting part 430 through bolts, the claws can rotate around the small end of the stepped shaft, and the large end of the stepped shaft and the limiting part 430 are matched to limit the claws along the axial direction of the stepped shaft.

It should be noted that, the clamping portions 421 of the two jaws are located at a side of the rotating shaft 410 away from the guiding mechanism 300, and cooperate with each other to clamp the workpiece; correspondingly, the transmission parts 422 of the two claws are located at one side of the rotating shaft 410 facing the guiding mechanism 300, and the pressing part of the pressing part 330 is disposed at the opposite side of the transmission parts 422 of the two claws. Preferably, the abutment is tapered along its cross-sectional area facing away from the slider 320, and correspondingly the transmission 422 of the two jaws is configured to match the abutment configuration of the abutment 330.

When the pressing piece 330 presses against the driving parts 422 of the two jaws, the two jaws rotate from opposite directions around the rotating shaft 410 under the pressing force, the driving parts 422 of the two jaws open relatively to drive the clamping parts 421 of the two jaws to clamp the workpiece relatively; meanwhile, as the size deviation of the blank workpiece is large, the acting force of the clamping parts 421 of the two clamping jaws is unbalanced, the reaction force is applied to the pressing part, and the pressing part drives the two clamping jaws to rotate around the shaft so as to realize automatic alignment until the acting force applied to the workpiece of the clamping parts 421 of the two clamping jaws reaches balance.

In an alternative solution, in the clamping device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, the gripper assembly 400 may further include an elastic compression member 440, and opposite sides of the clamping portions 421 of the two jaws are provided with corresponding mounting holes, and two ends of the elastic compression member 440 are respectively mounted in the mounting holes of the two jaws. When the pressing force applied to the gripper assembly 400 by the guide mechanism 300 is removed, the two jaws rotate around the axis in opposite directions under the pushing force of the elastic compression member 440, and reset, so as to release the workpiece clamped by the jaws. Preferably, the elastic compressing member 440 may be a compression spring.

Further, the connecting portions of the two jaws may further be provided with mutually matched limiting portions, and the limiting portions cooperate to limit the opening limit of the clamping portions 421 of the two jaws.

Further, the grip portion 421 of the jaw may be heat treated to improve its hardness and wear resistance.

Further, the opposite sides of the clamping portions 421 of the two jaws may be arc-shaped to increase the contact area with the workpiece, so as to increase the clamping force of the clamping device on the workpiece.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention further discloses a machine tool, including any of the clamping devices described above.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The clamping device is characterized by comprising a bottom plate, a driving mechanism, a guiding mechanism and a gripper assembly, wherein the driving mechanism, the guiding mechanism and the gripper assembly are all arranged on the bottom plate; the driving mechanism drives the gripper assembly to clamp a workpiece, and the guiding mechanism is arranged between the driving mechanism and the gripper assembly and used for guiding the gripper assembly to automatically align according to the shape of the workpiece;

the guide mechanism comprises a first installation seat, a sliding piece and a pressing piece, wherein the first installation seat is fixed on the bottom plate, a guide groove is formed in the installation seat, and the sliding piece is arranged in the guide groove; one end of the sliding piece is connected with the driving mechanism, a first notch is formed in the other end of the sliding piece, and the pressing piece is connected in the first notch in a sliding manner; the driving piece drives the sliding piece to slide in the guide groove and drives the abutting piece to abut against the gripper assembly.

2. The clamping device of claim 1, wherein a first limiting plate is arranged at one end of the first notch, which is away from the driving mechanism, to limit the pressing piece.

3. The clamping device as recited in claim 1, characterised in that said guiding means further comprises a floating joint, wherein said slider is provided with a second slot at one end facing away from said first slot, said second slot being perpendicular to said first slot, said floating joint being slidingly connected at one end to said second slot and at the other end to said driving means.

4. A clamping device according to claim 3, wherein a second limiting plate is arranged at one end of the second notch, which is away from the pressing piece, for limiting the floating joint.

5. The clamping device of claim 1, wherein the guiding mechanism further comprises a cover plate, a third notch is formed in one side, facing away from the bottom plate, of the first mounting seat, and the cover plate is fixedly connected to the first mounting seat and forms the guiding groove with the third notch.

6. The clamping device as recited in claim 1, characterised in that said drive mechanism includes a second mount and a drive member, said second mount being secured to said base plate, said drive member having a telescoping end connected to said guide mechanism and a second end secured to said second mount.

7. The clamping device according to claim 1, wherein the gripper assembly comprises a scissor gripper composed of a rotating shaft, a limiting piece and two clamping jaws, the rotating shaft is a stepped shaft, and the large end of the stepped shaft is fixed on the bottom plate; each clamping jaw is provided with a through hole, two clamping jaws are arranged at the small end of the stepped shaft in a crossing way through the through holes, and the limiting piece is arranged at one end, deviating from the bottom plate, of the small end of the stepped shaft; the driving mechanism drives the guide mechanism to be pressed between the two clamping jaws.

8. The clamping device of claim 7, wherein the gripper assembly further comprises a resilient compression member, the resilient compression member being connected to an opposite side of the scissor grip from an end of the guide mechanism.

9. A machine tool comprising a clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.