CN115254915B - Harmless treatment and resource production process and equipment for fly ash - Google Patents
Harmless treatment and resource production process and equipment for fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN115254915B CN115254915B CN202210932877.9A CN202210932877A CN115254915B CN 115254915 B CN115254915 B CN 115254915B CN 202210932877 A CN202210932877 A CN 202210932877A CN 115254915 B CN115254915 B CN 115254915B
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 dioxin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless treatment and recycling production process and equipment for fly ash, and relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, wherein the process comprises the steps of adding a heavy metal reducing agent and fly ash into a first stirring tank, adding hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the first stirring tank, sending materials into a second stirring tank after the materials in the first stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an alkali eliminating agent and hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the second stirring tank, sending the materials into a third stirring tank after the materials in the second stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an adhesive stabilizer and water into the third stirring tank for stirring and mixing, and sending the materials discharged from the third stirring tank into a drying device for drying and dewatering. The invention can solve the technical problems of simple and extensive fly ash treatment method, environmental potential safety hazard, occupation of landfill storage capacity, low efficiency, large energy consumption or large amount of waste water and waste residue generation, incapability of recycling and the like in the prior art, and has the advantages of large-scale continuous treatment and mild reaction conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a process and equipment for harmless treatment and recycling of fly ash.
Background
For years, the economy of China is developed at a high speed, the urban construction area is continuously enlarged, a large number of people enter urban life, and the generation amount of household garbage is increased year by year. By 2020, the harmless treatment capacity of the garbage is 2 hundred million tons. The harmless treatment capacity reaches 96 ten thousand tons/day, and the garbage incineration treatment of 1.4 hundred million tons of household garbage in the total of two hundred million tons of harmless treatment is the main garbage treatment mode at present. Therefore, the treatment of fly ash generated by garbage incineration becomes an environmental technical difficulty in new situations.
The waste incineration fly ash is a substance collected in a heat recycling system and a flue gas purifying system after household garbage incineration. The waste incineration fly ash is not a chemical inert substance, wherein the waste incineration fly ash contains water-soluble salt substances such as Ca, na and K chlorides and organic pollutants such as dioxin, and the like, wherein the salt substances have higher content of Pb, zn, cr, ni, cu, cd, hg and the like, and belongs to dangerous wastes; if the treatment is improper, heavy metals can migrate to pollute underground water, soil and air. Because heavy metals, dioxin and the like in the waste incineration fly ash are difficult to degrade naturally, the heavy metals in the fly ash can flow into soil and underground water through rainwater soaking, so that the influence on the environment is serious, and the environment pollution and the harm to human health are easily caused by improper treatment.
The yield of fly ash is related to the garbage type, incineration condition, incinerator type and flue gas treatment process, and generally accounts for about 3% -5% of the garbage incineration amount. Because urban garbage is continuously generated, the household garbage incineration power plant keeps high-load operation throughout the year, the emission and treatment requirements of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, dioxin, fly ash, peculiar smell gas and the like are increased, and if the pollutants cannot be properly treated, the environmental problems and the social influence can be brought; measures must be taken to promote the synergistic development of garbage incineration capability and incineration fly ash harmless treatment technology.
The main treatment methods of the fly ash at present comprise a landfill method, a cement solidification method, a sintering method, a water washing method, a melting method and the like, and the coarse arrangement mode is simple and extensive, wherein the landfill method has environmental safety hidden trouble, the fly ash is continuously generated, the storage capacity of a dangerous waste safe landfill is limited, the water washing method has lower efficiency, the energy consumption of the melting method is higher, a large amount of waste water or waste residue is still generated in the treatment process, and the comprehensive treatment of harmless and recycling of the fly ash is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the fly ash treatment method in the prior art is simple and extensive, has environmental safety hidden trouble, occupies the storage capacity of a landfill site, has low efficiency and large energy consumption, or has a large amount of waste water and waste residues, and can not be recycled, the invention provides the fly ash harmless treatment and recycling production process and equipment, can realize large-scale continuous treatment, has mild reaction conditions, and is suitable for recycling after the fly ash treatment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the harmless treatment process of the fly ash comprises the steps of adding a heavy metal reducing agent and the fly ash into a first stirring tank, adding hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the first stirring tank to reduce heavy metal in the fly ash or lead the heavy metal to be derived into chelate, sending the materials into a second stirring tank after the materials in the first stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an alkali-eliminating agent and hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the second stirring tank to reduce chloride and fluoride in the fly ash, sending the materials into a third stirring tank after the materials in the second stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an adhesive stabilizer and water into the third stirring tank to stir and mix, so that dioxin in the fly ash is adhered in fly ash dregs, and the dioxin is stably and no longer leached and released, and sending the materials discharged from the third stirring tank into drying equipment to be dried and dehydrated, thus obtaining the treated fly ash dregs.
Optionally, the method further comprises the step of sending the gas generated by the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank, the third stirring tank and the drying equipment into a spray tower, wherein the spray tower contains plant deodorant and other medicaments; and a small amount of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and ammonia in the waste gas are absorbed by a spraying system and then discharged after reaching standards, and the dried and dehydrated fly ash dregs are packaged by adopting ton bags.
Optionally, the heavy metal reducing agent comprises at least one of carbonate, phosphate, calcium oxide and ferrous sulfate, the heavy metal reducing agent further comprises an additive, and the weight of hot water in the first stirring tank is less than the weight of added fly ash.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the alkaline agent to the fly ash in the second stirring tank is 3% -8%, the stirring reaction temperature in the second stirring tank is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, the weight of hot water in the second stirring tank is larger than that of the fly ash, and the stirring reaction time of the materials in the second stirring tank is not less than 15 minutes.
Optionally, wherein the alkaline agent comprises at least one of acetic acid and tartaric acid, the alkaline agent further comprises an admixture.
Optionally, the drying equipment adopts hot air for drying, the drying temperature is controlled to be 100-300 ℃, the gas is deodorized by the spray tower and then discharged after reaching the standard, and oxygen is introduced into the second stirring tank while the materials are stirred for reaction.
The invention also provides a fly ash innocent treatment device which is applied to the fly ash innocent treatment process and comprises a first stirring tank, a second stirring tank, a third stirring tank and a drying device which are sequentially connected, wherein the first stirring tank is connected with a feeding hopper through a screw conveyer, the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are respectively connected with a medicament tank, and air outlets of the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are all connected to a spray tower.
Optionally, the drying device is also connected with the spray tower, the drying device is connected with a hot air boiler, the hot air boiler is used for conveying hot air to the drying device, the hot air boiler is connected with the first stirring tank, and the hot air boiler is used for conveying hot water to the first stirring tank.
Optionally, the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are connected through a screw conveyor, and a gas pipeline is connected to the first stirring tank and/or the second stirring tank.
Optionally, the first stirring tank and/or the second stirring tank are provided with a heating unit, and an outlet of the drying equipment is connected with a ton bag packaging machine.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method has the advantages that the method is suitable for large-scale continuous operation to carry out harmless treatment on the fly ash, the equipment has high automation degree and higher efficiency, basically no waste residue is generated, the treated fly ash is converted from dangerous waste into solid waste with environmental safety, meets the environment-friendly standard of building materials, changes waste into valuable, and can be used for manufacturing baking-free bricks, light wallboard or roadbed road filling materials, cement plant raw materials and other recycling products;
(2) The harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized by adopting an innovative three-step process, the fly ash after the harmless treatment avoids occupying the storage capacity of a landfill, has more stable chemical properties, is also a raw material of other products, has multiple purposes, and has high environmental protection benefit and social benefit;
(3) Most heavy metals and dioxin contained in the fly ash are converted into a stable state or degraded, the possibility of exudation of harmful substances is greatly reduced, a small amount of dioxin possibly remained is sealed in the treated fly ash by using an adhesive stabilizer, the three-step process also prepares raw materials for the subsequent recycling process, and the wet consolidated fly ash is convenient to process into building materials with various shapes;
(4) The whole set of equipment is connected with a pipeline by adopting closed equipment, no volatile matters or particulate matters are discharged during the treatment process, the generated waste gas is leached by a spray tower, and the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard, so that the process is safe, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a part of the preferred embodiments will be described in detail.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fly ash innocent treatment device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1. feeding a hopper; 2. an electronic wagon balance; 3. a first medicament tank; 4. a first stirring tank; 5. a second medicament tank; 6. a second stirring tank; 7. a third medicament tank; 8. a third stirring tank; 9. a hot water pipe; 10. a drying device; 11. a hot air boiler; 12. a circulation pipe; 13. ton bag packaging machine; 14. a gas conduit; 15. a first spray tower; 16. and a second spray tower.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, integrally connected, or detachably connected; can be mechanical connection or electric connection, or can be communication between two elements; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and the specific meaning of the terms will be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a harmless treatment device for fly ash, which is applied to a harmless treatment process for fly ash, and as shown in figure 1, the harmless treatment device comprises a first stirring tank, a second stirring tank, a third stirring tank and a drying device which are sequentially connected, wherein the first stirring tank is connected with a feeding hopper through a screw conveyor, the feeding hopper is used for containing the fly ash to be treated, an electronic wagon balance is arranged below the feeding hopper and is used for weighing the feeding hopper, so that the adding amount of the fly ash is controlled, the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are respectively connected with a medicament tank, the medicament tanks can be arranged at a high position, the medicament tanks and each stirring tank can be connected through the screw conveyor, and powdery medicaments in the medicament tanks can be discharged into each stirring tank after being metered; the medicament tank is respectively a first medicament tank filled with a metal reducing agent, a second medicament tank filled with a caustic soda agent and a third medicament tank filled with an adhesive stabilizer, and air outlets of the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are connected to the spray tower through air pipelines. The spray tower preferably comprises a first spray tower and a second spray tower which are connected in series, and an exhaust port of the second spray tower is connected with a fan and a gas concentration detector. The first spray tower and the second spray tower are both provided with water pumps, industrial water and plant deodorant are added into the spray towers, the water pumps can convey water dissolved with the plant deodorant to the tower top, fillers are further arranged in the spray towers, gas and water are in contact with each other in the fillers, and purification and absorption of the gas are enhanced.
The drying equipment can be a rotary dryer, a tunnel dryer and the like, preferably a spiral dryer, and if fly ash and dregs after being transported out are needed, the outlet of the drying equipment is connected with a ton bag packaging machine, and the ton bag can be used for avoiding material dissipation as much as possible; the drying equipment is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports which are all connected with the spray tower, and a fan can be arranged between the exhaust ports and the spray tower to promote gas delivery; the drying equipment is connected with a hot air boiler through a circulating pipe, the hot air boiler conveys hot air to the drying equipment through the circulating pipe, the hot air returns to the hot air boiler in the circulating pipe, the hot air boiler can output hot water at 60-90 ℃ at the same time, the hot air boiler is connected with the first stirring tank, and the hot air boiler conveys hot water to the first stirring tank. In addition to the hot air boiler, far infrared heating elements can be arranged in the drying equipment, and hot water required by the first stirring tank can also come from a solar water heater.
The first agitator tank, the second agitator tank and the third agitator tank are closed agitator tank, and first agitator tank and second agitator tank are equipped with heating element, or first agitator tank or second agitator tank are equipped with heating element, and heating element can be the coil pipe or the clamp cover of setting on jar outer wall, can control the reaction temperature of first agitator tank and second agitator tank through the temperature sensor that detects the temperature in the jar and connect in the governing valve of clamp cover.
The first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are connected through a screw conveyor, the bottom of each tank is provided with a discharge hole which is connected with the screw conveyor, and materials in the tank can be automatically discharged through the screw conveyor; the first stirring tank and/or the second stirring tank are/is connected with a gas pipeline which is connected with an oxygenerator, so that stable oxygen input in the tank can be ensured.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a fly ash innocent treatment process, which adopts the fly ash innocent treatment equipment and comprises the steps of adding a heavy metal reducing agent and fly ash into a first stirring tank, adding hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the first stirring tank, sending the materials into a second stirring tank after the materials in the first stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an alkaline agent and hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the second stirring tank, sending the materials into a third stirring tank after the materials in the second stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an adhesive stabilizer and water into the third stirring tank for stirring and mixing, and sending the materials discharged from the third stirring tank into a drying equipment for drying and dewatering to obtain treated fly ash residue soil. The drying equipment adopts hot air drying, preferably a spiral dryer, the cylinder diameter is 3m, the rotating speed is 5r/min, the drying temperature is controlled to be 100-300 ℃, the treatment capacity is 30 cubic meters per hour, and the water content of the dried and dehydrated fly ash residue is as low as 30%; the gas is deodorized by a spray tower and then discharged after reaching the standard, and oxygen is introduced into the second stirring tank while the materials are stirred for reaction. The binding stabilizer takes inorganic cementing material as main material, contains calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, quartz sand and the like, and also contains additive, so that solid waste can be fixed or contained in a solid substrate formed by the inorganic cementing material, the inorganic cementing material has chemical stability and sealing property, and the processability of the material in subsequent building material processing is improved.
The harmless treatment process of the fly ash also comprises the steps of sending the gas generated by the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank, the third stirring tank and the drying equipment into a spray tower, wherein the spray tower contains plant deodorant, and the dried and dehydrated fly ash dregs are packaged by adopting ton bags. The fly ash residue packaged by the ton bag can be transported to a cement plant to be used as cement filler.
The heavy metal reducing agent comprises at least one of carbonate, phosphate, calcium oxide and ferrous sulfate, wherein the carbonate is preferably calcium carbonate, the heavy metal reducing agent also comprises an additive and silicon dioxide, the main components of the additive comprise aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, the weight of hot water in the first stirring tank is less than the weight of added fly ash, for example, the weight ratio of water to the fly ash is 0.5, and the stirring reaction is carried out for 40 minutes. The addition of the silicon dioxide can generate silicate through the silicon dioxide and heavy metal ions, can inhibit the volatilization of heavy metals, and can generate HCl and chlorine.
The weight ratio of the alkali-eliminating agent and the fly ash in the second stirring tank is 3-8%, preferably 5%, the stirring reaction temperature in the second stirring tank is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, the weight of hot water in the second stirring tank is larger than that of the fly ash, for example, the weight ratio of water to the fly ash is 1.5, the stirring reaction time of materials in the second stirring tank is not less than 15 minutes, more preferably the stirring time is more than 30 minutes, and the soluble chloride ions can be reduced by more than 90% by taking stirring reaction for 4 hours as an example.
The alkaline agent comprises at least one of acetic acid and tartaric acid, and the alkaline agent also comprises an additive. The alkali-eliminating agent and the heavy metal reducing agent can be matched to effectively reduce chloride ions and soluble salt substances in the fly ash, and the alkali-eliminating agent has the effect of regulating the pH value by generating organic acid salt which is not easy to dissolve in water and chloride ions to compete for heavy metal ions so as to reduce soluble chloride salt; if the fly ash contains aluminum or aluminum oxide, calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxide can be generated, and chloride ions can be solidified and absorbed by the calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxide; under the condition that enough oxygen is introduced into the second stirring tank, partial chloride ions become gas to volatilize through oxidation reaction, so that the chloride ions are further reduced, and the mass content of the soluble chloride salt in the fly ash is reduced from 8.14% to 0.21% through test determination.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation. Therefore, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical scheme are not creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention, and all the structural manners and the embodiments belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The harmless treatment process of the fly ash is characterized by comprising the steps of adding a heavy metal reducing agent and the fly ash into a first stirring tank, adding hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the first stirring tank, feeding the materials into a second stirring tank after the materials in the first stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an alkali-eliminating agent and hot water at 60-90 ℃ into the second stirring tank, feeding the materials into a third stirring tank after the materials in the second stirring tank are stirred and reacted, adding an adhesive stabilizer and water into the third stirring tank for stirring and mixing, and feeding the materials discharged from the third stirring tank into drying equipment for drying and dewatering to obtain treated fly ash dregs;
the method further comprises the steps of feeding gas generated by the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank, the third stirring tank and the drying equipment into a spray tower, wherein the spray tower contains plant deodorant, and the dried and dehydrated fly ash dregs are packaged by adopting ton bags;
wherein the heavy metal reducing agent comprises at least one of carbonate, phosphate, calcium oxide and ferrous sulfate, the heavy metal reducing agent further comprises an additive, and the weight of hot water in the first stirring tank is less than the weight of added fly ash;
the weight ratio of the alkali-eliminating agent to the fly ash in the second stirring tank is 3% -8%, the stirring reaction temperature in the second stirring tank is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, the weight of hot water in the second stirring tank is larger than that of the fly ash, and the stirring reaction time of materials in the second stirring tank is not less than 15 minutes;
wherein the caustic soda comprises at least one of acetic acid and tartaric acid;
the bonding stabilizer takes inorganic cementing material as a main material and comprises calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide and quartz sand;
the main components of the additive comprise alumina and silicon dioxide.
2. The harmless treatment process of fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the drying equipment adopts hot air for drying, the drying temperature is controlled to be 100-300 ℃, the gas is deodorized by the spray tower and then discharged after reaching standards, and oxygen is introduced into the second stirring tank while the materials are stirred for reaction.
3. The fly ash innocent treatment equipment is characterized by being applied to the fly ash innocent treatment technology of claim 1, and comprises a first stirring tank, a second stirring tank, a third stirring tank and drying equipment which are sequentially connected, wherein the first stirring tank is connected with a feeding hopper through a screw conveyer, the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are respectively connected with a medicament tank, and air outlets of the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are all connected to a spray tower.
4. The fly ash innocent treatment device according to claim 3, wherein the drying device is also connected to the spray tower, the drying device is connected to a hot air boiler, the hot air boiler supplies hot air to the drying device, the hot air boiler is connected to the first stirring tank, and the hot air boiler supplies hot water to the first stirring tank.
5. The fly ash innocent treatment device of claim 4, wherein the first stirring tank, the second stirring tank and the third stirring tank are connected through a screw conveyor, and a gas pipeline is connected to the first stirring tank and/or the second stirring tank.
6. The fly ash innocent treatment device according to claim 4, wherein the first stirring tank and/or the second stirring tank is/are provided with a heating unit, and an outlet of the drying device is connected with a ton bag packaging machine.
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| CN202210932877.9A CN115254915B (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Harmless treatment and resource production process and equipment for fly ash |
| CN202410264665.7A CN118162446A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Harmless treatment process for waste incineration fly ash |
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| CN118162446A (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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