CN106782737A - The technique of the degradable waste of low-activity in a kind of low temperature pyrogenation treatment - Google Patents
The technique of the degradable waste of low-activity in a kind of low temperature pyrogenation treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN106782737A CN106782737A CN201710051713.4A CN201710051713A CN106782737A CN 106782737 A CN106782737 A CN 106782737A CN 201710051713 A CN201710051713 A CN 201710051713A CN 106782737 A CN106782737 A CN 106782737A
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- lime
- ash
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- temperature pyrogenation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/308—Processing by melting the waste
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity in a kind for the treatment of of low temperature pyrogenation, the technical process is：By middle cool waste by low temperature pyrogenation, small molecule fuel gas or solid lime-ash are converted into, lime-ash is thorough by the complete waste reaction of carbon residue or unreacted in lime-ash by further oxidation reaction；Gas will be fully converted to oxidizing gas by thermal oxidative reaction, and gas processes qualified discharge by cleaning system again, and the lime-ash produced after oxidation carries out class ceramic body solidification.The technique solves the problems, such as the storage of the degradable articles for use of nuclear power industry, accumulation, overcome the shortcomings of existing correlation processing technique simultaneously, the innoxious volume reduction of the degradable product of low-activity, decrement treatment in nuclear power industry or military industry are realized by way of being pyrolyzed heated oxide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to degradable waste process field, low-activity is degradable useless in particularly a kind of low temperature pyrogenation treatment
The technique of thing.
Background technology
The radioactive solid waste that nuclear power station operation is produced when producing by sources is divided into process waste and technology waste two is big
Class.Technology waste is the various maintenance wastes of generation in maintenance process, mainly the solid waste of control zone maintenance activity generation,
Including plastic cloth, blotting paper, gloves, rag, the work clothes scrapped, frog-suit and the equipment scrapped, parts, insulation material, build
Build material etc..The maintenance waste that control zone is collected carefully is classified, is then compressed, packed.According to statistics, waste is overhauled
Middle about 87% is combustible waste, and wherein plastic products account for significant proportion；13% is incombustible refuse, mainly old metal and is built
Building refuse.There are 4 units in current Guangdong nuclear power plant group in operation, every year about generation technology waste 100m3 or so (bodies after reorganizing and outfit
Product).Nuclear energy and nuclear technology greatly endanger the mankind's while great economic benefit and social benefit is brought to the mankind, also
The safety of health and environment.The treatment of the radioactive solid waste that nuclear power plant produces in the process of running is nuclear power station hair with disposal
The major issue that must be solved in exhibition.Under the background that country greatly develops nuclear power station, the radioactive solid waste amount of generation
To be multiplied, and if do not controlled and taking volume reduction measure strictly, radwaste certainly will be caused to keep in pressure, increase final disposal
Expense and power plant's operating cost etc..Rational waste treatment processes are used in nuclear power plant, waste minimization is met and has been compeled
The eyebrows and eyelashes.
Present main treatment technology is：The methods such as cement solidification, concrete are fixed, volume reduction decrement, burning.These treatment
Method generally existing volume reduction rate is low, easily cause secondary pollution problems.In order to reduce the running cost of nuclear power plant, nuclear power work is established
The environment amenable image of industry, expects to develop the low Processes and apparatus for putting degradable product in a kind of pyrolysis processing, can be safe
It is effective low by put degradable product treatment into product to gas and liquid of environment non-hazardous etc..Realize the cleaning energy of nuclear power
Source target.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of work of the degradable waste of low-activity in low temperature pyrogenation treatment
Skill.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：Low-activity can drop in a kind of low temperature pyrogenation treatment
The technique for solving waste, the technical process is as follows：
(1) low temperature pyrogenation treatment：The degradable waste of middle low-activity is carried out into negative pressure pyrolytic reaction, it is converted into small point
Sub- fuel gas and solid lime-ash；
(2) thermal oxidation：The low temperature pyrogenation small molecule fuel gas that obtains for the treatment of is carried out into thermal oxidation, by with
The abundant reaction of oxygen, is converted into including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, the tail gas of sulfide and fraction residue；
(3) tail gas clean-up treatment：Gas purge system is purified the tail gas that thermal oxidation is obtained, and is removed therein
Radionuclide, sour gas and pernicious gas, gas is by detection qualified discharge or enters nuclear power station exhaust piping；
(4) lime-ash oxidation processes：It is small that the solid lime-ash and thermal oxidation that low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained are obtained
The further thermal oxidation of part residue, by the carbon residue in lime-ash or is not pyrolyzed complete waste and changes into carbon dioxide；
(5) curing process：Remaining lime-ash after lime-ash oxidation processes is solidified using class ceramic solidification mode, by ash
Slag mixes with ceramic solidification agent, melting, stirs, and is prepared into class ceramic body, and the ceramic body after solidification hands over nuclear power station unification pipe
Reason.
Further, the low temperature pyrogenation processing pressure is -1~-500Pa, and temperature is 350~550 DEG C.
Further, the thermal oxidation reaction temperature is 800-1200 DEG C.
Further, the decontamination process includes one or more in cleaning, absorption, dedusting.
Further, the gas purge system include Quench wash mill and or Venturi scrubbing device and or literary mound
In separator and or bubble tower and or bag hose and or cyclone dust collectors and or electrostatic precipitator and or highly effective air mistake
Filter and or charcoal trap equipment.
Further, the acid in dry hydrogen lime powder or tail gas described in alkali liquor absorption is used in the decontamination process
Property etchant gas.
Further, the lime-ash oxidation processes reaction temperature is more than 1200 DEG C.
Further, stirred in the curing process and use drum agitation mode.
Further, the class ceramic solidification is that the lime-ash addition ceramic solidification agent that will be produced after lime-ash oxidation processes is carried out
Solidification, the lime-ash that the lime-ash oxidation processes are produced as ceramic composition part material, the ceramic solidification agent includes：Metal
Based adhesive, 50%-60% (wt)；Ceramics, 40%-50% (wt).
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention：Reduce the storage of the degradable articles for use of nuclear power industry, pile up problem,
Existing correlation processing technique is overcome the shortcomings of simultaneously, in realizing nuclear power industry or military industry by way of being pyrolyzed heated oxide
The innoxious volume reduction of the degradable product of low-activity, decrement treatment, reduce and even prevent what nucleic was likely to result in environment and society
Harm.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, in a kind for the treatment of of low temperature pyrogenation the degradable waste of low-activity technique, the technical process is as follows：
A kind of technique of the degradable waste of low-activity in low temperature pyrogenation treatment, the technical process is as follows：
(1) low temperature pyrogenation treatment：The degradable waste of middle low-activity is carried out into negative pressure pyrolytic reaction, it is converted into small point
Sub- fuel gas and solid ash, the low temperature pyrogenation processing pressure is -100Pa, and temperature is 550 DEG C；
(2) thermal oxidation：The low temperature pyrogenation small molecule fuel gas that obtains for the treatment of is carried out into thermal oxidation, by with
The abundant reaction of oxygen, is converted into including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, the tail gas of sulfide and fraction residue, the hot oxygen
It is 800 to change treatment reaction temperature；
(3) tail gas clean-up treatment：Gas purge system is purified the tail gas that thermal oxidation is obtained, and is removed therein
Radionuclide, sour gas and pernicious gas, gas is by detection qualified discharge or enters nuclear power station exhaust piping, described net
Changing processing procedure includes one or more in cleaning, absorption, dedusting, and the gas purge system includes that gas Quench is washed and fills
Put, Venturi scrubbing device, bubble tower, bag hose and and charcoal trap, in decontamination process use dry hydrogen calcium oxide
Sour corrosion gas in tail gas described in powder or alkali liquor absorption；
(4) lime-ash oxidation processes：It is small that the solid lime-ash and thermal oxidation that low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained are obtained
The further thermal oxidation of part residue, by the carbon residue in lime-ash or is not pyrolyzed complete waste and changes into carbon dioxide, instead
It is 1200 DEG C to answer temperature；
(5) curing process：Lime-ash is solidified using class ceramic solidification mode, lime-ash is mixed with ceramic solidification agent,
Melting, is stirred using drum agitation mode, is prepared into class ceramic body, and the lime-ash that lime-ash oxidation processes are produced is used as ceramic group
The part material for dividing, the ceramic solidification agent includes：High-temperature agglomerant 50% (wt), ceramics 50% (wt), the ceramics after solidification
Body hands over nuclear power station unified management.
The concrete technology route is：The degradable waste of middle low-activity is carried out into negative pressure pyrolysis processing, pressure is -1~-
500Pa, temperature is 350~550 DEG C, and material conversion is small molecule fuel gas and solid lime-ash；Low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained
Small molecule fuel gas thermal oxidation is carried out at a temperature of 800-1200 DEG C, by the abundant reaction with oxygen, be converted into
Including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, the tail gas of sulfide and fraction residue；The gas that thermal oxidation is produced is filled by Quench
Put with or electrostatic precipitation system and or bag hose and or high efficiency particulate air filter and or absorption tower and or activated carbon adsorber etc. set
Standby cleaning, absorption, dedusting etc. are acted on, and are discharged after detection is up to standard.Solid lime-ash and hot oxygen that low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained
The further thermal oxidation of fraction residue that change treatment is obtained, by the carbon residue in lime-ash or to be pyrolyzed complete waste conversion
Into carbon dioxide；Lime-ash is solidified using class ceramic solidification mode, lime-ash is mixed with ceramic solidification agent, melted, stirring
Uniformly, class ceramic body is prepared into, the ceramic body after solidification hands over nuclear power station unified management, the ceramic solidification body obtained by this mode
Uniform closely knit, the compression strength of 28d is not less than 13MPa, and lime-ash is by after the solidification of class ceramic body, the capacity reduction factor of firming body is
0.45, volume reduction works well.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 1, in a kind for the treatment of of low temperature pyrogenation the degradable waste of low-activity technique, the technical process is as follows：
A kind of technique of the degradable waste of low-activity in low temperature pyrogenation treatment, the technical process is as follows：
(1) low temperature pyrogenation treatment：The degradable waste of middle low-activity is carried out into negative pressure pyrolytic reaction, it is converted into small point
Sub- fuel gas and solid lime-ash, the low temperature pyrogenation processing pressure are -500Pa, and temperature is 350 DEG C；
(2) thermal oxidation：The low temperature pyrogenation small molecule fuel gas that obtains for the treatment of is carried out into thermal oxidation, by with
The abundant reaction of oxygen, is converted into including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, the tail gas of sulfide and fraction residue, reaction temperature
It is 1200 DEG C；
(3) tail gas clean-up treatment：Gas purge system is purified the tail gas that thermal oxidation is obtained, and is removed therein
Radionuclide, sour gas and pernicious gas, gas is by detection qualified discharge or enters nuclear power station exhaust piping, described net
Change processing procedure include cleaning, absorption, one or more in dedusting, gas purge system include gas Quench wash mill,
Venturi separator, bag hose, cyclone dust collectors and, high efficiency particle air filter, aoxidized using dry hydrogen in decontamination process
Sour corrosion gas in tail gas described in calcium powder or alkali liquor absorption；
(4) lime-ash oxidation processes：It is small that the solid lime-ash and thermal oxidation that low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained are obtained
The further thermal oxidation of part residue, by the carbon residue in lime-ash or is not pyrolyzed complete waste and changes into carbon dioxide, instead
It is 1300 DEG C to answer temperature；
(5) curing process：Lime-ash is solidified using class ceramic solidification mode, lime-ash is mixed with ceramic solidification agent,
Melting, is stirred using drum agitation mode, is prepared into class ceramic body, and the lime-ash that lime-ash oxidation processes are produced is used as ceramic group
The part material for dividing, the ceramic solidification agent includes：High-temperature agglomerant 60% (wt), ceramics 40% (wt), the ceramics after solidification
Body hands over nuclear power station unified management, and the ceramic solidification body obtained by this mode is uniformly closely knit, and the compression strength of 28d is not less than
11MPa, lime-ash is by after the solidification of class ceramic body, the capacity reduction factor of firming body is 0.42, and volume reduction works well.
Embodiment 3
As shown in figure 1, in a kind for the treatment of of low temperature pyrogenation the degradable waste of low-activity technique, the technical process is as follows：
A kind of technique of the degradable waste of low-activity in low temperature pyrogenation treatment, the technical process is as follows：
(1) low temperature pyrogenation treatment：The degradable waste of middle low-activity is carried out into negative pressure pyrolytic reaction, it is converted into small point
Sub- fuel gas and solid lime-ash, low temperature pyrogenation processing pressure are -250Pa, and temperature is 400 DEG C；
(2) thermal oxidation：The low temperature pyrogenation small molecule fuel gas that obtains for the treatment of is carried out into thermal oxidation, by with
The abundant reaction of oxygen, is converted into including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, the tail gas of sulfide and fraction residue, reaction temperature
It is 1000 DEG C；
(3) tail gas clean-up treatment：Gas purge system is purified the tail gas that thermal oxidation is obtained, and is removed therein
Radionuclide, sour gas and pernicious gas, gas is by detection qualified discharge or enters nuclear power station exhaust piping, at purification
Reason process include cleaning, absorption, one or more in dedusting, the gas purge system include gas Quench wash mill,
Venturi separator, bag hose, cyclone dust collectors, high efficiency particle air filter and charcoal trap, in decontamination process
Use the sour corrosion gas in tail gas described in dry hydrogen lime powder or alkali liquor absorption；
(4) lime-ash oxidation processes：It is small that the solid lime-ash and thermal oxidation that low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained are obtained
The further thermal oxidation of part residue, by the carbon residue in lime-ash or is not pyrolyzed complete waste and changes into carbon dioxide, instead
It is 1400 DEG C to answer temperature；
(5) curing process：Lime-ash is solidified using class ceramic solidification mode, lime-ash is mixed with ceramic solidification agent,
Melting, is stirred using drum agitation mode, is prepared into class ceramic body, and the lime-ash that the lime-ash oxidation processes are produced is used as pottery
The part material of porcelain component, the ceramic solidification agent includes：High-temperature agglomerant 55% (wt), 45% (wt) of ceramics, after solidification
Ceramic body hands over nuclear power station unified management, and the ceramic solidification body obtained by this mode is uniformly closely knit, and the compression strength of 28d is not less than
12MPa, lime-ash is by after the solidification of class ceramic body, the capacity reduction factor of firming body is 0.4, and volume reduction works well.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification without deviating from spirit of the invention to invention
And scope.So, if these modifications of the invention and modification belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies scope it
Interior, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these changes and modification.
Claims (9)
1. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during a kind of low temperature pyrogenation is processed, it is characterised in that the technical process is as follows：
(1) low temperature pyrogenation treatment：The degradable waste of middle low-activity is carried out into pyrolytic reaction, it is converted into small molecule combustible gas
Body and solid lime-ash；
(2) thermal oxidation：The low temperature pyrogenation small molecule fuel gas that obtains for the treatment of is carried out into thermal oxidation, by with oxygen
Abundant reaction, be converted into including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, the tail gas of sulfide and fraction residue；
(3) tail gas clean-up treatment：Gas purge system is purified the tail gas that thermal oxidation is obtained, and removes radiation therein
Property nucleic, sour gas and pernicious gas, gas by detection qualified discharge or enter nuclear power station exhaust piping；
(4) lime-ash oxidation processes：The fraction that the solid lime-ash and thermal oxidation that low temperature pyrogenation treatment is obtained are obtained
Residue carries out thermal oxidation, makes the further volume reduction decrement of lime-ash；
(5) curing process：Lime-ash is solidified using class ceramic solidification mode, lime-ash is mixed with ceramic solidification agent, melted,
Stir, be prepared into class ceramic body, the ceramic body after solidification hands over nuclear power station unified management.
2. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
State low temperature pyrogenation and be processed as normal pressure pyrolysis or negative pressure pyrolysis, temperature is 350~550 DEG C, and negative pressure synthesis pressure is -1~-500Pa.
3. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
Thermal oxidation reaction temperature is stated for 1150-1400 DEG C.
4. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
Stating tail gas clean-up processing procedure includes cleaning, absorption, filtering, dedusting.
5. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
State the sour corrosion gas used in tail gas clean-up processing procedure in dry hydrogen lime powder or tail gas described in alkali liquor absorption.
6. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
State gas purge system including Quench wash mill and or Venturi scrubbing device and or venturi separator and or bubbling
Tower and or bag hose and or cyclone dust collectors and or electrostatic precipitator and or high efficiency particle air filter and or activated carbon absorb
Tower.
7. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
Lime-ash oxidation processes reaction temperature is stated for more than 1200 DEG C.
8. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 is processed, it is characterised in that institute
It is that the lime-ash addition ceramic solidification agent that will be produced after lime-ash oxidation processes is solidified to state class ceramic solidification, at the grey slag oxidation
The lime-ash of generation is managed as the part material of ceramic composition, the ceramic solidification agent includes：Metal based adhesive, 50%-60%
(wt)；Ceramics, 40%-50% (wt).
9. the technique of the degradable waste of low-activity during the low temperature pyrogenation according to claim 1 or 8 is processed, its feature exists
In stirring uses drum agitation mode in the curing process.
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| CN110400648A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-11-01 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of efficient oxidation processing method of nuclear leve radioactive spent resin |
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| CN110400648A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-11-01 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of efficient oxidation processing method of nuclear leve radioactive spent resin |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |