CN115251070A - 一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂及其制备方法和应用,该水乳剂主要成分包括:有效成分苯醚甲环唑和鼠李糖脂,用作油相载体的有机溶剂,乳化剂,其余为水;其中,所述有效成分苯醚甲环唑质量含量为1~20%,鼠李糖脂质量含量为0.1~4.5%,乳化剂选用非离子型乳化剂,质量含量为3~16%。本发明通过在苯醚甲环唑水乳剂中加入鼠李糖脂,可降低化学乳化剂约50%用量,且工作浓度下药剂的表面张力降低了7~14 mN/m,药剂的粒径大小减少了22~150 nm,稀释1000倍后的药液在叶片上具有更好的铺展润湿性能,接触角减小了8~30°,同时也增加了苯醚甲环唑水乳剂的药效,室内抑菌试验表明添加了增效剂的苯醚甲环唑水乳剂抑菌效果显著提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药生产技术领域。涉及一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole),外观为白色粉末,熔点76℃,沸点220℃/0.03mmHg,蒸气压120mPa(20℃),20℃时在水中溶解性为23.3mg/L,易溶于有机溶剂。苯醚甲环唑是一种三唑类杀菌剂,是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂,抑制细胞壁甾醇的生物合成,阻止真菌的生长,杀菌谱广,具有良好的内吸性,对子囊菌纲、担子菌纲和包括链格孢属、壳二孢属、尾孢霉属、刺盘孢属、球痤菌属、茎点霉属、柱隔孢属、壳针孢属、黑星菌属在内的半知病,白粉菌科、锈菌目及某些种传病原菌有持久的保护和治疗作用,对多种蔬菜和果树的叶斑病、炭疽病、白腐病、白粉病、锈病及黑星病等病害有较好的治疗效果,同时对作物也较为安全。
苯醚甲环唑最初多以乳油剂型面市;近年,开发苯醚甲环唑水乳剂成为热点。相比乳油剂型,水乳剂降低有机溶剂用量,以水为基质,对环境更友好,是一种更为安全、环保的新剂型。苯醚甲环唑是目前应用较广的杀菌类药物,但其单剂使用量较大,现有技术通常采用复配其他成分的方式来改善其使用效果,如中国专利CN103907614A将苯醚甲环唑与联苯吡菌胺复配,来减少有效成分剂量,延缓抗性;中国专利CN103798246A将苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯复配来改善其储存稳定性;吴梅香(30%苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑微乳剂的配方)将苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑复配,来减少乳化剂的用量。中国专利CN104557884A将苯醚甲环唑和铜离子配合以提高生物活性,并减少用药量。
鼠李糖脂作为一种阴离子生物表面活性剂,具有较强的表界面活性,其水溶液表面张力在25~30mN/m之间,且具有较强的乳化活性、无毒、可生物降解的特点。在水乳剂型中乳化剂的乳化活性至关重要,所以在制备出稳定的水乳剂时,乳化剂使用量较大。但目前农药中常用乳化剂都是化学乳化剂,使用后自身不易分解,容易残留堆积在土壤和农作物中,对人体和环境有害,不符合绿色环保理念。在生物学方面,鼠李糖脂有抗病毒、抗细菌、抗真菌等生物活性,但鼠李糖脂与三唑类杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑的复配是否有协同效应也尚未可知。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,通过加入增效剂鼠李糖脂提高苯醚甲环唑水乳剂的使用性能和杀菌效果,并可增加样品稳定性,减少化学乳化剂用量,使得产品更环保安全。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,有效成分苯醚甲环唑和鼠李糖脂,用作油相载体的有机溶剂,乳化剂,其余为水;
其中,所述有效成分苯醚甲环唑质量含量为1~20%,鼠李糖脂质量含量为0.1~4.5%,乳化剂选用非离子型乳化剂,质量含量为3~16%。
作为一种优选的实施方式,乳化剂和鼠李糖脂的质量配比基于如下方式确定:
单独将鼠李糖脂与化学乳化剂复配,当复配溶液比各单体溶液的表面张力低时,确定当前复配的质量比作为水乳剂中复配的质量比。
本发明的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂产品中,有机溶剂的用量为使溶解苯醚甲环唑完全溶解即可,根据苯醚甲环唑的用量,有机溶剂的用量通常为质量含量5~30%。主要成分的质量含量在90%以上,其余可添加防冻剂、消泡剂、防腐剂之类助剂,用量通常为防冻剂0.5~5%,消泡剂0.01~0.1%,防腐剂0.1~1%。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述水乳剂中苯醚甲环唑质量含量为10~20%。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述水乳剂中乳化剂质量含量为3~5%。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述有机溶剂为溶剂或溶剂和助溶剂的组合;所述溶剂为二甲苯、甲苯、环己酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso100、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso150、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso200中的一种或几种的混合;所述助溶剂为乙醇、正丁醇、异丙醇中的一种或几种的混合。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述乳化剂为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油,吐温,农乳,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种。
作为一种优选的实施方式,还包括助剂,所述助剂为消泡剂、防腐剂、防冻剂中的一种或几种。优选的,所述防冻剂为乙二醇;所述消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂;所述防腐剂为布罗波尔。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述水乳剂的制备方法,包括:
将苯醚甲环唑溶解于有机溶剂中,加入乳化剂混合均匀,配制成苯醚甲环唑油相;
将其余成分溶于水中,制成水相;
将水相与油相混合搅拌,得到苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,将其余成分溶于水中,搅拌5~10分钟制成水相。
作为一种优选的实施方式,将水相与油相混合搅拌,搅拌速度6000转/分钟,搅拌10~20分钟得到苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
本发明在水乳剂中添加少量生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂,利用鼠李糖脂与特定化学乳化剂的协同效应,大幅降低了水乳剂中化学乳化剂的用量(约50%),且提升了水乳剂的稳定性和使用性能(粒径、Zeta电位、接触角和表面张力)。相比于对比例1和两种商品例,工作浓度下的药液的表面张力降低了7~14mN/m,粒径大小降低了22~150nm,对叶片润湿铺展性能更好,接触角降低了8~30°。通过室内抑菌试验表明,添加增效剂后水乳剂样品抑菌效果显著提高,证明了鼠李糖脂与苯醚甲环唑复配时存在抑菌活性上的协同效应。本发明苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂抗菌谱广,高效,低毒安全,对辣椒疫霉和棉枯萎等病害展现出显著增效作用。
附图说明
图1是鼠李糖脂与几种化学乳化剂的复配作用效果(表面张力)。
图2是各种试验药剂稀释1000倍时在三种叶片上的60s动态接触角,其中(A)为豆角叶片,(B)为毛豆叶片,(C)为辣椒叶片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。如无特殊说明,实施例中的百分含量指质量含量。实施例中农乳的主要成分是苯乙基聚氧乙烯醚一类,这一类不同型号的农乳在本发明水乳剂上呈现的表面张力和乳化活性结果一致。实施例中的吐温包含了吐温20、吐温40、吐温60和吐温80四种,四种吐温在本发明水乳剂上呈现的表面张力和乳化活性结果一致。实施例中消泡剂选用聚醚消泡剂,防腐剂选用布罗波尔。试剂均可从商业途径获取。
实施例1 20%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂制备方法
苯醚甲环唑20%,芳香烃溶剂Solvesso200 10%,二甲苯5%,乙醇10%,搅拌均匀,再加入聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(EL-40)16%、得到油相;鼠李糖脂4.5%,乙二醇3%,布罗波尔0.1%,聚醚消泡剂0.01%,投到余量水中,在配制釜中充分搅拌后制成水相,搅拌后把水相缓慢加入到油相中,6000转/分钟剪切15分钟,制得20%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例2 15%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂制备方法
苯醚甲环唑15%,芳香烃溶剂Solvesso200 10%,N-甲基吡咯烷酮8%,正丁醇0.5%,搅拌均匀,再加入农乳(苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚)4.95%、得到油相;鼠李糖脂1.65%,乙二醇3%,布罗波尔0.1%,聚醚消泡剂0.01%,投到余量水中,在配制釜中充分搅拌后制成水相,搅拌后把水相缓慢加入到油相中,6000转/分钟剪切15分钟,制得15%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例3 10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂制备方法
苯醚甲环唑10%,芳香烃溶剂Solvesso150 10%,环己酮2%,乙醇4%,搅拌均匀,再加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)4.95%,得到油相;鼠李糖脂1.65%,乙二醇3%,布罗波尔0.1%,聚醚消泡剂0.01%,投到余量水中,在配制釜中充分搅拌后制成水相,搅拌后把水相缓慢加入到油相中,6000转/分钟剪切15分钟,制得10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例4 10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂制备方法
苯醚甲环唑10%,芳香烃溶剂Solvesso100 13%,甲苯3%,搅拌均匀,再加入吐温4.05%,得到油相;鼠李糖脂1.35%,乙二醇3%,布罗波尔0.1%,聚醚消泡剂0.01%,投到余量水中,在配制釜中充分搅拌后制成水相,搅拌后把水相缓慢加入到油相中,6000转/分钟剪切15分钟,制得10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例5 10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂制备方法
苯醚甲环唑10%,芳香烃溶剂Solvesso200 16%,搅拌均匀,再加入聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(EL-40)3.75%,得到油相;鼠李糖脂1.25%,乙二醇3%,布罗波尔0.1%,聚醚消泡剂0.01%,投到余量水中,在配制釜中充分搅拌后制成水相,搅拌后把水相缓慢加入到油相中,6000转/分钟剪切15分钟,制得10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实验例6 10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂制备方法
苯醚甲环唑10%,芳香烃溶剂Solvesso200 13%,甲苯3%,搅拌均匀,再加入吐温1.35%,得到油相;鼠李糖脂4.05%,乙二醇3%,布罗波尔0.1%,聚醚消泡剂0.01%,投到余量水中,在配制釜中充分搅拌后制成水相,搅拌后把水相缓慢加入到油相中,6000转/分钟剪切15分钟,制得10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
对比例1高含量化学乳化剂的不加增效剂试验
对比例1与实施例3的区别为不加增效剂鼠李糖脂,且脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的用量为10%,其他试剂用量和制备方法与实施例3相同。
对比例2低含量化学乳化剂的不加增效剂试验
对比例2与实施例3的区别为不加增效剂鼠李糖脂,其他试剂用量和制备方法与实施例3相同。
试验例1稳定性试验
测试本实施例与对比例中的苯醚甲环唑样品稳定性,在54±2℃调节进行热贮、0±2℃进行低温稳定性检验,结果见表1。
表1苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂稳定性试验结果
当前,水乳剂中的化学乳化剂用量在8%~16%,由对比例1,对比例2和实施例3可知,单独使用少量化学乳化剂不能制备出性能稳定的水乳剂,而在此基础上添加少量增效剂鼠李糖脂复配,能制备出性能稳定的水乳剂,且相比于单使用化学乳化剂的样品,化学乳化剂用量降低约为原来的50%。由实施例4和实施例6可知在固定乳化剂和增效剂的总量时,乳化剂和增效剂鼠李糖脂的用量配比也影响样品的稳定性,当吐温用量是鼠李糖脂的3倍时能使样品稳定,当鼠李糖脂的用量是吐温的3倍时样品稳定性极差。
试验例2鼠李糖脂与化学乳化剂的复配效果
配制2g/L的鼠李糖脂溶液和2g/L的化学乳化剂溶液,按照质量比率4:0,3:1,2:2,1:3,0:4复配,复配溶液的质量浓度固定为2g/L,以复配溶液的表面张力为检测对象。两种溶液复配质量比率4:0代表鼠李糖脂的单体溶液,0:4代表第二种化学乳化剂单体溶液,其余质量比率均为两种溶液的混合溶液。通过两种溶液单体及其复配溶液的表面张力变化研究其复配的效果,若复配溶液比各单体溶液的表面张力低,说明复配产生了协同降表面张力作用;若复配溶液比各单体溶液的表面张力高,说明复配产生了拮抗作用;若复配溶液比一种单体的表面张力高,比另一种单体的表面张力低,则视为复配没有明显的相互作用。
试验结果如图1,鼠李糖脂和化学乳化剂复配时,化学乳化剂的种类和与鼠李糖脂的质量比率都会影响复配溶液的表面张力。选择合适的化学乳化剂种类和质量比率至关重要。如鼠李糖脂与十二烷基硫酸钠复配或者与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵复配时都没有明显的相互作用;鼠李糖脂与农乳(苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚)复配或者与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)复配时都产生了协同降表面张力作用,其中当鼠李糖脂与化学乳化剂的质量比率为1:3时,协同效果最好,表面张力最低分别为24.8mN/m和23.9mN/m;鼠李糖脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(EL-40)复配,在复配质量比率在3:1~1:3范围时,复配溶液的表面张力比各单体溶液的表面张力均有降低,分别为27.6mN/m,27.3mN/m和27mN/m,接近于鼠李糖脂单体表面张力28.3mN/m,表现出的协同降低表面张力的效果不明显;试验中当鼠李糖脂与吐温复配质量比率在3:1~2:2范围时,复配溶液的表面张力比鼠李糖脂单体溶液表面张力高,没有表现出协同效果,但当质量比率为1:3时,溶液的表面张力骤降为26mN/m,有明显的降低表面张力效果。
试验例3各种苯醚甲环唑水乳剂的表面张力及乳液粒径、Zeta电位检测结果
水乳剂是一种不稳定的溶液,常见不稳定形式包括分层沉降、絮凝、聚结破乳和奥氏体熟化。乳液的粒径和Zeta电位是衡量药剂长期稳定性的重要参数之一,乳液粒径越小,Zeta电位绝对值越大,表明乳液制剂越稳定。表面张力大小是农药制剂与药效相关的重要性能参数,药液在工作浓度下的表面张力与对叶片的润湿铺展效果相关。商品例1和商品例2分别为购买的10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂商品。对比例1和实施例3、实施例4、实施例5均为本发明制备的10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂样品,其中对比例1为未加增效剂的苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。将上述6个10%苯醚甲环唑水乳剂样品分别稀释1000倍,进行表面张力测试和乳液粒径、Zeta电位测量,试验结果见表2。
表2试验药剂的表面张力、乳液粒径、Zeta电位检测结果
测试项目 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 商品例1 | 商品例2 |
表面张力(mN/m) | 25.3 | 23.6 | 26.2 | 33 | 35.1 | 36.9 |
乳液粒径(nm)/PDI | 183.2/0.30 | 156.0/0.21 | 140.6/0.26 | 217.4/0.30 | 204.8/0.24 | 290.8/0.42 |
Zeta电位(mV) | -44.5 | -36.9 | -35.2 | -14.4 | -37.1 | -28.9 |
表2结果表明加入增效剂的苯醚甲环唑水乳剂实施例的表面张力相较于对比例和商品例降低7~14mN/m,乳液粒径大小降低22~150nm,zeta电位降低1~30mV,表明添加增效剂的实施例具有更好的乳液稳定性和更低的表面张力。
试验例4增效剂鼠李糖脂的抑菌效果
鼠李糖脂是一种生物表面活性剂,具有抑制真菌的活性,可在早期破坏真菌的游动孢子膜,有效抑制真菌生长。
在无菌操作条件下,将病原菌接种于PDA培养基中,在28℃条件下培养,菌丝长满培养皿后用7mm打孔器打成菌饼待用。采用菌丝生长速率法测得鼠李糖脂对病原菌的菌丝生长抑制率。在无菌条件下将鼠李糖脂稀释成5mg/L,25mg/L和50mg/L浓度梯度制成处理组PDA平板,设置纯PDA为对照组,每个处理重复三次。将打好的菌饼倒置于试验平板中央,28℃培养,待对照组快长满整个平板,测量菌丝直径,按照下列公式计算菌丝生长抑制率。
实验结果如表3所示,鼠李糖脂对5种植物病原菌都有很好的生长抑制作用,且使用浓度越高抑制效果越明显。当鼠李糖脂浓度为25mg/L时,对辣椒疫霉病原菌和高粱炭疽病原菌的抑制率超过50%,对烟草炭疽病原菌和棉枯萎病原菌抑制率超过40%,对烟草疫霉病原菌的生长抑制率为30.43%。
表3不同浓度鼠李糖脂对5种病原菌的菌丝生长抑制率
试验例5各种苯醚甲环唑水乳剂的室内平板抑菌效果
将实施例3-5以及对比例1、商品例1和商品例2作为试验药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法对5种病原菌进行室内抑菌试验。对试验药剂分别稀释500倍,1000倍,1500倍,2000倍共4个浓度梯度制成PDA平板,设置无药剂为对照,每个处理重复三次,计算菌丝抑制率,试验结果见表4。
表4各种苯醚甲环唑水乳剂的室内平板抑菌试验结果
由表4可知,在同等稀释浓度下,添加增效剂的实施例对辣椒疫霉和棉枯萎的防治效果均优于对比例1和两种商品例,且实施例中增效剂含量越高,抑制效果越明显,从整体上表现出鼠李糖脂与苯醚甲环唑在抑制病原菌生长方面有协同效果。苯醚甲环唑对高粱炭疽、烟草炭疽和烟草疫霉三种病原菌抑制效果十分显著,无需增效剂均能100%抑制。
试验例6各种苯醚甲环唑水乳剂对植物叶片的接触角试验测定
植物叶片的表皮蜡质层会影响农药液滴的铺展和渗透,而制剂中所用乳化剂和助剂能影响液滴与叶片的接触角和铺展面积,药液在叶片上的接触角越小,其铺展和沉积效果越好。当药液能较好的铺展和沉积在植物叶片上时,能提高药剂的使用效果。
将实施例3-5以及对比例1、商品例1和商品例2作为试验药剂,以纯净水为对照,将10%的苯醚甲环唑水乳剂样品稀释1000倍,测量其对豆角叶片、毛豆叶片和辣椒叶片的动态接触角,测定时间60s,每隔5秒测定一次。
由图2可知在豆角叶片上铺展60s时,实施例5和两种商品例的接触角接近,实施例3和实施例4的接触角比两种商品例的接触角小20~31°,且实施例3比对比例1的接触角大5~10°。在毛豆叶片上铺展60s时,实施例5和商品例2的接触角接近,比商品例1的在毛豆的接触角大6~7°,实施例3和实施例4比两种商品例的接触角小15~25°,且实施例3比对比例1的接触角小10~16°。在辣椒叶片上铺展60s时,实施例5比两种商品的接触角大10~16°,但实施例3和实施例4比两种商品例小7~30°,实施例3比对照例1小3~6°。
化学乳化剂种类和用量都影响样品在叶片上的接触角,本发明中实施例5添加的增效剂用量最小,除实施例5在毛豆叶片的接触大于商品例1外,其余的实施例在相同条件下的接触角都比两种商品例小,且实施例3在豆角和辣椒上的接触角比对比例1都小,故而添加一定量的增效剂能减小药剂在大多数叶片上的接触角,有助于药剂在叶片上沉积铺展,提高药剂在实际应用时的药效。
Claims (10)
1.一种苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,主要成分包括:有效成分苯醚甲环唑和鼠李糖脂,用作油相载体的有机溶剂,乳化剂,其余为水;
其中,所述有效成分苯醚甲环唑质量含量为1~20%,鼠李糖脂质量含量为0.1~4.5%,乳化剂选用非离子型乳化剂,质量含量为3~16%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,乳化剂和鼠李糖脂的质量配比基于如下方式确定:
单独将鼠李糖脂与乳化剂复配,当复配溶液比各单体溶液的表面张力低时,确定当前复配的质量比作为水乳剂中复配的质量比。
3.根据权利要求1所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,所述水乳剂中苯醚甲环唑质量含量为10~20%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,所述水乳剂中乳化剂质量含量为3~5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为溶剂或溶剂和助溶剂的组合;所述溶剂为二甲苯、甲苯、环己酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso100、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso150、芳香烃溶剂Solvesso200中的一种或几种;所述助溶剂为乙醇,正丁醇、异丙醇中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,所述乳化剂为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油,吐温,农乳,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,还包括助剂,所述助剂为消泡剂、防腐剂、防冻剂中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂,其特征在于,所述防冻剂选用乙二醇;所述消泡剂选用聚醚消泡剂;所述防腐剂选用布罗波尔。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将苯醚甲环唑溶解于有机溶剂中,加入乳化剂混合均匀,配制成苯醚甲环唑油相;
将增效剂鼠李糖脂和其余成分溶于水中,制成水相;
将水相与油相混合搅拌,得到苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
10.权利要求1~8任一项所述苯醚甲环唑增效水乳剂在广谱抑菌中的应用。
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