CN115250717B - Harvester for harvesting root crops and harvesting method thereof - Google Patents
Harvester for harvesting root crops and harvesting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115250717B CN115250717B CN202211044094.3A CN202211044094A CN115250717B CN 115250717 B CN115250717 B CN 115250717B CN 202211044094 A CN202211044094 A CN 202211044094A CN 115250717 B CN115250717 B CN 115250717B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D31/00—Other digging harvesters
- A01D31/02—Other digging harvesters combined with other agricultural machines, e.g. drilling, planting, hay-harvesting machines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a harvester for harvesting root crops and a harvesting method thereof. The existing root tuber harvesting equipment is huge in size, time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in efficiency. The invention relates to a raking assembly, which is characterized in that a root plant is transmitted to a material conveying and tipping device, and the material conveying and tipping device transmits the root plant to a sieving assembly; in the screening component, the tuberous plants and soil fall from the gaps of the adjacent first screening pipes, then the soil is pushed out of the gaps of the first screening pipes and the second screening pipes and reaches the gaps of the adjacent second screening pipes at the lower layer of the screen frame, and then falls back into the soil from the soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame, and the tuberous plants cannot pass through the gaps of the first screening pipes and the second screening pipes and are locked in the space between the adjacent two first screening pipes and one second screening pipe below to vibrate in a reciprocating manner to move and output to the output end. Compared with the traditional plane screen vibrating screen, the screen soil efficiency of the invention is improved by at least 60%, and the shorter screen soil transmission stroke can be realized under the same screen soil efficiency, so that the size of the whole equipment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and particularly relates to a harvester for harvesting root tuber plants and a harvesting method thereof, which can be used for harvesting fritillaria, rhizoma corydalis, rhizoma polygonati, potatoes and the like.
Background
Harvesting stem and leaf growing on soil and harvesting fruits growing under the soil when root tuber plants such as fritillaria, rhizoma corydalis, rhizoma polygonati and potatoes are harvested; harvesting stems and leaves growing on the soil is convenient, and the equipment for harvesting the stems and leaves is mature; however, when harvesting fruits growing under the soil, the harvested fruits can carry a large amount of soil, the existing fruit harvesting equipment is difficult to efficiently treat the problem of separating the fruits from the soil, and the fruits and the soil are often specially treated by designing a long transmission stroke, so that the whole equipment is huge in size, time-consuming, labor-consuming, low in efficiency and unsuitable for being used in places with limited working space such as terraces.
In addition, when root crops are planted in some mountain areas, the harvesting machine suitable for mountain area operation is lacking, and the root crops are harvested manually, so that the time and labor are wasted, the efficiency is low, the harvesting is not clean, the waste is caused, and the production requirement is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a harvester for harvesting root crops and a harvesting method thereof, which solve the problems that the traditional root crop harvesting equipment is huge in size, time-consuming, labor-consuming, low in efficiency, not suitable for being used in places with limited working space such as terraces and the like.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a harvester for harvesting root crops, which comprises a driving frame, a fixing frame, a raking device, a screening component, a lifting device, a first driving device and a second driving device, wherein the first driving device is connected with the first driving device; the two sides of the bottom of the driving frame are provided with walking crawler mechanisms, and the walking crawler mechanisms are driven by a first driving device; the driving frame is provided with a lifting device; the fixing frame, the raking device, the screening component and the second driving device are driven by the lifting device to synchronously lift; the material raking device comprises a material raking assembly and a material conveying tipping bucket device; the material raking component is arranged at the input end of the material conveying tipping bucket device, and the material screening component is arranged below the output end of the material raking device; the second driving device is arranged on the fixing frame and drives the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device and the material screening assembly; the material raking component transmits the root crops to the material conveying tipping bucket device, and the material conveying tipping bucket device transmits the root crops to the material sieving component; the screening component comprises a fixed frame, a screening frame, a first screening tube group, a second screening tube group, a crankshaft, a first connecting rod and a sliding rod; the fixed frame is fixed with the conveying frame of the material conveying tipping bucket device through the supporting frame, and the conveying frame of the material conveying tipping bucket device is fixed with the fixed frame; the fixed frame is provided with a soil cleaning groove, and the screen frame is positioned above the soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame and forms a sliding pair with the fixed frame; the screen frame is provided with a first screen pipe group and a second screen pipe group positioned below the first screen pipe group; the first sieve tube group consists of a plurality of first sieve tubes which are equidistantly arranged; the second sieve tube group consists of a plurality of second sieve tubes which are equidistantly arranged, and the first sieve tubes are parallel to the second sieve tubes and have the same diameter, and are fixed with the sieve frame; the center distance between each second screen pipe and any one of the two adjacent first screen pipes above is smaller than the center distance between the two adjacent first screen pipes above, and the center distances between the second screen pipes and the two adjacent first screen pipes above are equal; the screen frame is fixed with a plurality of sliding rods, and each sliding rod is hinged with one end of one connecting rod I; the other end of each first connecting rod is hinged with one crankshaft section of the crankshaft respectively; the crankshaft and the fixed frame form a revolute pair and are driven to rotate by the second driving device.
Preferably, the lifting device comprises a guide post, a sliding block, an adjusting belt and a third driving device; four guide posts are fixed on the driving frame, and each guide post and one sliding block form a sliding pair; the fixed frame is fixed with two sliding blocks, and the fixed frame is fixed with the other two sliding blocks; each sliding block is connected with a scroll through an adjusting belt, and the scroll is driven to rotate by a third driving device.
More preferably, each adjustment belt passes around a fixed pulley hinged to the drive carriage.
Preferably, the raking component comprises a coulter, a second connecting rod and a crank; the top of the coulter is hinged with the bottom of the fixing frame; the middle part of the coulter is hinged with one end of a second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged with one end of a crank; the other end of the crank is driven to rotate by a second driving device.
Preferably, the material conveying and tipping device comprises a conveying frame, a chain transmission mechanism and a tipping bucket; the conveying frame is fixed with the fixing frame; the two rotating shafts are connected with the conveying frame to form a revolute pair through two chain transmission mechanisms; one of the rotating shafts is driven by a second driving device through a second belt transmission mechanism; the tipping buckets are equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the chain, and two ends of each tipping bucket are respectively fixed with two chain links aligned with the positions on the chains of the two chain transmission mechanisms.
More preferably, a plurality of rotating blocks are fixed on the rotating shaft.
More preferably, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are fixed in the tipping bucket.
Preferably, the material conveying tipping bucket device is inclined backwards, and the fixing frame is inclined forwards.
The harvesting method of the harvester for harvesting the root tuber plants comprises the following specific steps:
the lifting device synchronously adjusts the heights of the fixing frame, the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device, the material screening assembly and the second driving device so as to adapt to harvesting of root crops with different cultivation depths; then, the walking crawler belt mechanism is driven by the first driving device to drive the driving frame to advance; meanwhile, the second driving device drives the transmission shaft II, one part of power of the transmission shaft II drives a crank of the material raking assembly to rotate, the other part of power drives a rotating shaft of the material conveying tipping bucket device through the belt transmission mechanism II, and the rest part of power drives a crankshaft of the material sieving assembly through the bevel gear pair; in the raking component, the crank drives the coulter to swing back and forth through the second connecting rod, so as to play a role in loosening soil; in the material conveying tipping bucket device, a rotating shaft drives each tipping bucket to move along the circumferential direction of a chain through two chain transmission mechanisms, and the tipping bucket moving to the bottommost part digs out root tuber plants in the ground after soil loosening; when the tipping bucket digs root crops, a rotating square block on the rotating shaft applies a pressing force to the tipping bucket; and when the tipping bucket filled with the root crops and mixed with soil moves to the position of the sieving component, the root crops and the soil are poured onto a sieve frame of the sieving component together. In the screening component, a crankshaft drives a screen frame to slide reciprocally on a fixed frame through a first connecting rod and a sliding rod, so that vibrating screen materials are carried out, tuberous plants and soil fall down from gaps between adjacent first screen pipes on the upper layer of the screen frame rapidly under the vibration action, and then the soil is pushed out of the gaps between the first screen pipes and the second screen pipes and reaches the gaps between adjacent second screen pipes on the lower layer of the screen frame under the transverse vibration force, and falls back into the soil from a soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame, and the tuberous plants cannot pass through the gaps between the first screen pipes and the second screen pipes and are locked in the space between the adjacent two first screen pipes and the second screen pipes below to oscillate reciprocally to move to an output end for outputting.
Preferably, the process of synchronously adjusting the heights of the fixing frame, the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device, the material sieving assembly and the second driving device by the lifting device is specifically as follows: the third driving device drives the scroll so as to drive the adjusting belt, so that all the sliding blocks move on the corresponding guide posts, the heights of the fixing frame, the conveying frame of the conveying tipping bucket device and the fixing frame of the screening component are changed, and the heights of the raking component, the conveying tipping bucket device and the screening component are synchronously adjusted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the material raking component is used for pushing stones in the ground and sundries such as grass roots and bamboo roots, so that the material conveying and tipping bucket device is convenient to dig and transport, the material conveying and tipping bucket device digs out the root crops in the ground and conveys the root crops upwards to the material screening component to screen materials, soil is screened out from the root crops, and the root crops are collected, and therefore the soil loosening, digging and soil screening work is integrally completed, and the burden of manual labor is greatly reduced.
2. According to the screen material assembly, the first screen pipes are arranged on the upper layer, the second screen pipes are arranged on the lower layer, the center distance between any one of the second screen pipes and the upper adjacent two first screen pipes is smaller than that between the upper adjacent two first screen pipes, the center distances between the second screen pipes and the upper adjacent two first screen pipes are equal, so that root plants and soil can directly and rapidly fall from the gaps of the adjacent first screen pipes, the soil is rapidly pushed out of the gaps between the first screen pipes and the second screen pipes under the transverse vibration force and reaches the gaps between the adjacent second screen pipes on the lower layer of the screen frame, the soil falls back into the soil from the soil clearing groove of the fixed frame, the root plants cannot penetrate through the gaps between the first screen pipes and the second screen pipes, and are locked in the space between the adjacent two first screen pipes and the lower one second screen pipe to vibrate in a reciprocating manner to be output to the output end.
3. The invention uses the walking crawler mechanism to walk, can reduce the damage to the terrace field ridge structure when the terrace field structure moves on the land, greatly reduces the breakage rate of root crops, and solves the problem of mountain walking skidding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a screening assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the turning block and turning block of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a first screen and a second screen according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lifting device according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-driving frame, 2-walking crawler mechanism, 3-first drive device, 4-mount, 5-raking device, 51-coulter, 52-material conveying tipping bucket device, 53-axis of rotation, 54-rotation square, 6-screening subassembly, 61-fixed frame, 62-screen frame, 63-first screen pipe, 64-second screen pipe, 65-bent axle, 66-connecting rod one, 67-slide bar, 7-second drive device, 8-elevating gear, 9-guide post, 10-slider, 11-adjusting belt, 12-third drive device.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a harvester for harvesting root crops comprises a driving frame 1, a walking crawler mechanism 2, a fixing frame 4, a raking device 5, a screening component 6, a lifting device 8, a first driving device 3 and a second driving device 7; the two sides of the bottom of the driving frame 1 are provided with the walking crawler mechanisms 2, the walking crawler mechanisms 2 are driven by the first driving device 3, and the walking crawler mechanisms 2 are used for moving on the land of the terrace structure, so that the damage to the terrace sill structure can be reduced; the driving frame 1 is provided with a lifting device 8, and the fixing frame 4, the raking device 5, the screening component 6 and the second driving device 7 are driven by the lifting device 8 to synchronously lift; the raking device 5 comprises a raking assembly and a material conveying tipping bucket device 52; the raking assembly is arranged at the input end of the material conveying tipping bucket device 52, and the material screening assembly 6 is arranged below the output end of the raking device 5; the second driving device 7 is arranged on the fixed frame 4 and drives the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 and the material screening assembly 6; the raking assembly transmits the root crops to the material conveying tipping bucket device 52, and the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 transmits the root crops to the sieving assembly 6; the screening component 6 comprises a fixed frame 61, a screening frame 62, a first screening tube group, a second screening tube group, a crankshaft 65, a first connecting rod 66 and a sliding rod 67; the fixed frame 61 is fixed with the conveying frame of the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 through a supporting frame, and the conveying frame of the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 is fixed with the fixed frame 4; the fixed frame 61 is provided with a soil cleaning groove, and the screen frame 62 is positioned above the soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame 61 and forms a sliding pair with the fixed frame 61; the screen frame 62 is provided with a first screen pipe group and a second screen pipe group positioned below the first screen pipe group; the first screen pipe group consists of a plurality of first screens 63 arranged at equal intervals, and the second screen pipe group consists of a plurality of second screens 64 arranged at equal intervals; the first sieve tube 63 and the second sieve tube 64 are parallel and have the same diameter and are fixed with the sieve frame 62; the center distance between each second screen pipe 64 and any one of the two upper adjacent first screen pipes 63 is smaller than the center distance between the two upper adjacent first screen pipes 63, and the center distances between the second screen pipes 64 and the two upper adjacent first screen pipes 63 are equal; the screen frame 62 is fixed with a plurality of slide bars 67, and each slide bar 67 is hinged with one end of a connecting rod 66; the other end of each first connecting rod 66 is hinged with one crank shaft section of the crank shaft 65; the crankshaft 65 and the fixed frame 61 constitute a revolute pair, and are driven to rotate by the second driving device 7.
As a preferred embodiment, the walking crawler mechanism 2 comprises a crawler belt, and a driving pulley, a driven pulley and a walking pulley which are hinged on the driving frame 1 and are connected through the crawler belt; the driving pulley is driven by the first drive means 3.
More preferably, along the fore-and-aft direction, all walking pulleys are located between driving pulley and driven pulley, and driving pulley and driven pulley's centre-to-centre spacing is 1.4m to the harvester can be in the work of the field of less area, can make things convenient for the harvester to turn around the direction simultaneously.
As a preferred embodiment, the first drive means 3 comprise a diesel engine and a retarder.
As a preferred embodiment, the diesel engine of the first driving device 3 drives the first transmission shaft via a speed reducer, and the driving pulley of the crawler belt walking mechanism 2 is fixed on the first transmission shaft.
As another preferred embodiment, the diesel engine of the first driving device 3 drives the belt transmission mechanism one via the speed reducer, the belt transmission mechanism one drives the transmission shaft one, and the driving pulley of the walking crawler belt mechanism 2 is fixed on the transmission shaft one.
As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the lifting device 8 comprises a guide post 9, a slider 10, an adjusting belt 11 and a third driving device 12; four guide posts 9 are fixed on the driving frame 1, and each guide post 9 and one sliding block 10 form a sliding pair; the fixed frame 61 is fixed with two sliding blocks 10, and the fixed frame 4 is fixed with the other two sliding blocks 10; each slide 10 is connected to a reel by means of an adjusting belt 11, which is driven in rotation by third drive means 12.
More preferably, each adjusting belt 11 passes around a fixed pulley hinged to the driving frame 1.
More preferably, the third driving device 12 adopts a second diesel engine or a rotating electric machine, and the second diesel engine or the rotating electric machine is fixed on the driving frame 1 and drives the scroll through the speed reducer.
As a preferred embodiment, the raking assembly includes a coulter 51, a second link and a crank; the top of the coulter 51 is hinged with the bottom of the fixed frame 4; the middle part of the coulter 51 is hinged with one end of a second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged with one end of a crank; the other end of the crank is driven to rotate by a second driving device 7.
As a preferred embodiment, the material handling skip 52 comprises a transport frame, a chain drive and a skip; the conveying frame is fixed with the fixing frame 4; the two rotating shafts 53 are connected with the conveying frame to form a revolute pair through two chain transmission mechanisms; specifically, two sprockets of the chain transmission mechanism are fixed with two rotation shafts 53, respectively, and are connected by a chain of the chain transmission mechanism; one of the rotating shafts is driven by a second driving device 7 through a second belt transmission mechanism; the tipping buckets are equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the chain, and two ends of each tipping bucket are respectively fixed with two chain links aligned with the positions on the chains of the two chain transmission mechanisms.
More preferably, a plurality of rotating blocks 54 are fixed on the rotating shaft 53, the rotating blocks 54 are driven to rotate when the rotating shaft 53 rotates, a pressing force is applied to the tipping bucket through the rotation of the rotating blocks 54, and the tipping bucket is ensured not to tear a chain when the tipping bucket is subjected to external force, so that the tipping bucket is ensured to apply enough acting force to a root tuber plant on one hand, and damage to the chain can be avoided on the other hand.
More preferably, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are fixed in the tipping bucket to play a role in reinforcement.
As a preferred embodiment, the material transporting skip 52 is inclined backward and the fixing frame 61 is inclined forward, thereby improving the efficiency of transporting and sieving materials.
As a preferred embodiment, the second driving means 7 comprises a third diesel engine, a second transmission shaft and a bevel gear pair; a diesel engine III drives a transmission shaft II through a speed reducer; the transmission shaft II drives the raking component, drives the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 through the belt transmission mechanism II, and is connected with a crankshaft 65 of the screening component 6 through a bevel gear pair.
As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the sieving component 6 is provided with a collecting device for collecting root crops, so that three functions of raking, sieving soil and collecting are integrated.
The first diesel engine, the second diesel engine or the rotating motor and the third diesel engine are controlled by a controller, the controller is connected with a control console, and a user can control the harvester to work through the control console.
The harvesting method of the harvester for harvesting the root tuber plants comprises the following specific steps:
the lifting device 8 synchronously adjusts the heights of the fixing frame 4, the raking component, the material conveying tipping bucket device 52, the material screening component 6 and the second driving device 7 so as to adapt to harvesting of root crops with different cultivation depths; then, the walking crawler belt mechanism 2 is driven by the first driving device 3 to drive the driving frame 1 to advance; meanwhile, the second driving device drives the second driving shaft, one part of power of the second driving shaft drives a crank of the raking assembly to rotate, the other part of power drives a rotating shaft of the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 through the second belt driving mechanism, and the rest part of power drives a crank shaft 65 of the sieving assembly 6 through a bevel gear pair; in the raking assembly, the crank drives the coulter 51 to swing back and forth through the second connecting rod to play a role in loosening soil (such as pushing stones in the ground and sundries such as grass roots and bamboo roots), so that the tipping bucket of the material conveying tipping bucket device 52 is convenient for digging materials; in the material conveying tipping bucket device 52, the rotating shaft drives each tipping bucket to move along the chain in the circumferential direction through two chain transmission mechanisms, and the tipping bucket moving to the bottommost part digs out root tuber plants in the ground after soil loosening; when the tipping bucket digs the root crops, the rotating square 54 on the rotating shaft 53 applies a pressing force to the tipping bucket, so that the digging force of the tipping bucket to the root crops is increased, and the damage to the chain is avoided; and when the skip bucket filled with the root vegetable and mixed with the soil moves to the position of the screen assembly 6, the root vegetable and the soil are poured onto the screen frame 62 of the screen assembly 6 together. In the screening assembly 6, the crankshaft 65 drives the screen frame 62 to slide back and forth on the fixed frame 61 through the first connecting rod 66 and the sliding rod 67, so that the screening is vibrated, under the vibration action, the tuberous plants and soil rapidly fall from the gaps between the adjacent first screen pipes 63 on the upper layer of the screen frame 62 (the gaps are designed to be slightly larger than the conventional size of the tuberous plants) and then the soil is rapidly pushed out of the gaps between the first screen pipes 63 and the second screen pipes 64 under the transverse vibration force and reaches the gaps between the adjacent second screen pipes 64 on the lower layer of the screen frame 62, and then falls back into the soil from the soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame 61, and the tuberous plants cannot pass through the gaps between the first screen pipes 63 and the second screen pipes 64 (the gaps between the first screen pipes 63 and the second screen pipes 64 are designed to be smaller than the conventional minimum tuberous plants in size) and are locked between the adjacent two first screen pipes 63 and the second screen pipes 64 in the space, so that the soil is rapidly pushed out of the gaps in the motion towards the output end through the reciprocating mode, and the screen cloth can automatically vibrate, so that the screen cloth can be prevented from falling back and forth, and forth due to the condition of the conventional plane screen screens, the manual vibration is greatly improved, and the screen sieving efficiency is greatly improved, and the manual vibration is greatly improved.
The process of synchronously adjusting the heights of the fixing frame 4, the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device 52, the material screening assembly 6 and the second driving device 7 by the lifting device 8 is specifically as follows: the third driving device 12 drives the reel, so as to drive the adjusting belt 11, enable the sliding blocks 10 to move on the corresponding guide posts 9, change the heights of the fixing frame 4, the conveying frame of the conveying tipping bucket device 52 and the fixing frame 61 of the screening component 6, and further synchronously adjust the heights of the raking component, the conveying tipping bucket device 52 and the screening component 6.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A harvester for harvesting root crops comprises a driving frame, a fixing frame, a raking device, a screening component, a lifting device, a first driving device and a second driving device; the two sides of the bottom of the driving frame are provided with walking crawler mechanisms, and the walking crawler mechanisms are driven by a first driving device; the driving frame is provided with a lifting device; the method is characterized in that: the fixing frame, the raking device, the screening component and the second driving device are driven by the lifting device to synchronously lift; the material raking device comprises a material raking assembly and a material conveying tipping bucket device; the material raking component is arranged at the input end of the material conveying tipping bucket device, and the material screening component is arranged below the output end of the material raking device; the second driving device is arranged on the fixing frame and drives the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device and the material screening assembly; the material raking component transmits the root crops to the material conveying tipping bucket device, and the material conveying tipping bucket device transmits the root crops to the material sieving component; the screening component comprises a fixed frame, a screening frame, a first screening tube group, a second screening tube group, a crankshaft, a first connecting rod and a sliding rod; the fixed frame is fixed with the conveying frame of the material conveying tipping bucket device through the supporting frame, and the conveying frame of the material conveying tipping bucket device is fixed with the fixed frame; the fixed frame is provided with a soil cleaning groove, and the screen frame is positioned above the soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame and forms a sliding pair with the fixed frame; the screen frame is provided with a first screen pipe group and a second screen pipe group positioned below the first screen pipe group; the first sieve tube group consists of a plurality of first sieve tubes which are arranged at equal intervals, and the second sieve tube group consists of a plurality of second sieve tubes which are arranged at equal intervals; the first sieve tube and the second sieve tube are parallel and have the same diameter and are fixed with the sieve frame; the center distance between each second screen pipe and any one of the two adjacent first screen pipes above is smaller than the center distance between the two adjacent first screen pipes above, and the center distances between the second screen pipes and the two adjacent first screen pipes above are equal; the screen frame is fixed with a plurality of sliding rods, and each sliding rod is hinged with one end of one connecting rod I; the other end of each first connecting rod is hinged with one crankshaft section of the crankshaft respectively; the crankshaft and the fixed frame form a revolute pair and are driven to rotate by the second driving device.
2. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 1, wherein: the lifting device comprises a guide post, a sliding block, an adjusting belt and a third driving device; four guide posts are fixed on the driving frame, and each guide post and one sliding block form a sliding pair; the fixed frame is fixed with two sliding blocks, and the fixed frame is fixed with the other two sliding blocks; each sliding block is connected with a scroll through an adjusting belt, and the scroll is driven to rotate by a third driving device.
3. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 2, wherein: each adjustment belt bypasses a fixed pulley hinged to the drive carriage.
4. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the raking component comprises a coulter, a second connecting rod and a crank; the top of the coulter is hinged with the bottom of the fixing frame; the middle part of the coulter is hinged with one end of a second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged with one end of a crank; the other end of the crank is driven to rotate by a second driving device.
5. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 4, wherein: the material conveying tipping bucket device comprises a conveying frame, a chain transmission mechanism and a tipping bucket; the conveying frame is fixed with the fixing frame; the two rotating shafts are connected with the conveying frame to form a revolute pair through two chain transmission mechanisms; one of the rotating shafts is driven by a second driving device through a second belt transmission mechanism; the tipping buckets are equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the chain, and two ends of each tipping bucket are respectively fixed with two chain links aligned with the positions on the chains of the two chain transmission mechanisms.
6. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 5, wherein: a plurality of rotating square blocks are fixed on the rotating shaft.
7. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 5, wherein: the inside of the tipping bucket is fixedly provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs.
8. A harvester for harvesting root crops as in claim 1, wherein: the material conveying tipping bucket device is inclined backwards, and the fixed frame is inclined forwards.
9. A harvesting method of a harvester for harvesting root crops as defined by claim 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the lifting device synchronously adjusts the heights of the fixing frame, the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device, the material screening assembly and the second driving device so as to adapt to harvesting of root crops with different cultivation depths; then, the walking crawler belt mechanism is driven by the first driving device to drive the driving frame to advance; meanwhile, the second driving device drives the transmission shaft II, one part of power of the transmission shaft II drives a crank of the material raking assembly to rotate, the other part of power drives a rotating shaft of the material conveying tipping bucket device through the belt transmission mechanism II, and the rest part of power drives a crankshaft of the material sieving assembly through the bevel gear pair; in the raking component, the crank drives the coulter to swing back and forth through the second connecting rod, so as to play a role in loosening soil; in the material conveying tipping bucket device, a rotating shaft drives each tipping bucket to move along the circumferential direction of a chain through two chain transmission mechanisms, and the tipping bucket moving to the bottommost part digs out root tuber plants in the ground after soil loosening; when the tipping bucket digs root crops, a rotating square block on the rotating shaft applies a pressing force to the tipping bucket; when the tipping bucket filled with the root crops and mixed with soil moves to the position of the sieving component, pouring the root crops and the soil onto a sieve frame of the sieving component; in the screening component, a crankshaft drives a screen frame to slide reciprocally on a fixed frame through a first connecting rod and a sliding rod, so that vibrating screen material is carried out, under the vibration effect, tuberous plants and soil fall from gaps between adjacent first screen pipes on the upper layer of the screen frame, and then the soil is pushed out of the gaps between the first screen pipes and the second screen pipes and reaches the gaps between adjacent second screen pipes on the lower layer of the screen frame under the transverse vibration force, and falls back into the soil from a soil cleaning groove of the fixed frame, and the tuberous plants cannot pass through the gaps between the first screen pipes and the second screen pipes and are locked in the space between the adjacent two first screen pipes and one second screen pipe below to oscillate reciprocally to move to an output end for outputting.
10. A harvesting method of a harvester for harvesting root crops as defined by claim 9, wherein: the process of the lifting device for synchronously adjusting the heights of the fixing frame, the raking assembly, the material conveying tipping bucket device, the material screening assembly and the second driving device is specifically as follows: the third driving device drives the scroll so as to drive the adjusting belt, so that all the sliding blocks move on the corresponding guide posts, the heights of the fixing frame, the conveying frame of the conveying tipping bucket device and the fixing frame of the screening component are changed, and the heights of the raking component, the conveying tipping bucket device and the screening component are synchronously adjusted.
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| CN115250717B true CN115250717B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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| CN113079796A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-09 | 西华大学 | Sectional type ligusticum wallichii harvester |
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| GB191112435A (en) * | 1911-05-23 | 1911-12-07 | Gustav Scholz | Combined Potato Harvesting and Planting Machine. |
| GB824077A (en) * | 1956-11-27 | 1959-11-25 | Bucher A G Maschinenfabrik | Improvements in or relating to root crop-harvesting machines |
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| CN115250717A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
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