CN115250681B - Nut seed sowing and reflux method - Google Patents
Nut seed sowing and reflux method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115250681B CN115250681B CN202210912324.7A CN202210912324A CN115250681B CN 115250681 B CN115250681 B CN 115250681B CN 202210912324 A CN202210912324 A CN 202210912324A CN 115250681 B CN115250681 B CN 115250681B
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- negative pressure
- seed metering
- disc
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 240000001931 Ludwigia octovalvis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000721671 Ludwigia Species 0.000 abstract description 35
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003283 Pachira macrocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006711 Pistacia vera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003447 Pistacia vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000353135 Psenopsis anomala Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014364 Trapa natans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020233 pistachio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
- B64D1/02—Dropping, ejecting, or releasing articles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seed metering and refluxing method for nut seeds, belonging to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle seed sowing; solves the problems that the existing seed metering disc method can not realize the backflow of the uncaptured seeds to the seed box and the regular row seed metering can not be realized when the nut seeds are sowed in the air. The nut seed sowing and reflow method of the invention comprises the following steps: the seeds are fed to the vicinity of the seed plate unit, a gas distribution plate is embedded in the seed plate unit, a negative pressure capturing area in the gas distribution plate provides negative pressure for a seed spoon of the seed plate, and the seed plate captures the nearby seeds under the action of the negative pressure, so that the seeds fall into the seed spoon; the seed metering disc of the seed metering disc unit continues to run, the seed spoon is transported at a certain angle, and the seed spoon on the seed metering disc rotates to a transmitting position to transmit seeds. The invention realizes the rapid air seed filling of nut seeds and can reflow the seeds which are not captured into the seed box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle seed sowing, in particular to a nut seed sowing and reflow method.
Background
With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, unmanned aerial vehicles are mostly used for spraying pesticides in farmlands, orchards and the like in the prior art, and unmanned aerial vehicle pesticide spraying technology is rapidly popularized and developed and is accepted by a plurality of large planting households.
In addition, there are also unmanned aerial vehicles in the prior art for use in the field of seed sowing, for example, to spread grass seeds, or to throw out seeds and fertilizer after mixing through a throwing disc.
In the prior art, grass seeds or seeds are thrown out through the throwing disc, so that accurate sowing cannot be achieved. In addition, the hard shell type nut seeds have a relatively low emission speed when being thrown out, so that the seeds are scattered on the soil surface, and the germination and the later growth of the seeds are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention is directed to a nut seed sowing and reflow method, which is used to solve the problem that the existing seed sowing disc method cannot realize the reflow of the uncaptured seeds to the seed box and the regular row seed sowing during the aerial sowing of nut seeds. .
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a seed metering and refluxing method of nut seeds, which comprises the following steps: a seed metering process, a reflux process and a seed emission process are carried out by utilizing the seed metering disc unit;
The seed metering process is carried out by utilizing the seed metering disc unit: the seeds are fed to the vicinity of the seed plate unit, a gas distribution plate is embedded in the seed plate unit, a negative pressure capturing area in the gas distribution plate provides negative pressure for a seed spoon of the seed plate, and the seed plate captures the nearby seeds under the action of the negative pressure, so that the seeds fall into the seed spoon;
the seed metering disc of the seed metering disc unit continues to run, the seed spoon is transported at a certain angle, and the seed spoon on the seed metering disc rotates to a transmitting position to transmit seeds.
Further, the seed emission process is as follows: when the seed spoon rotates to a position aligned with the emission pipe, the seeds in the seed spoon are emitted by high-pressure air provided by a high-pressure air step on the air distribution disc.
Further, when the initial emitting speed of the seeds cannot meet the sowing penetration requirement, a first accelerating inclined tube is arranged on the emitting tube; the first accelerating inclined tube is communicated with a first-stage high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and is used for accelerating seeds in the transmitting tube.
Further, a second accelerating inclined tube is arranged below the first accelerating inclined tube, and the second accelerating inclined tube is communicated with a second-stage high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the second accelerating inclined tube is used for accelerating the seeds in the emitting tube again.
Further, when the seeds do not fall into the seed spoon, the seeds enter a reflux section of the seed conveying unit and are refluxed into the seed box.
Further, the seed reflux process is as follows: high-pressure high-speed air flow is introduced into the injection inclined pipe of the reflux section, flows out after passing through the second U-shaped pipe, and simultaneously seeds which are not captured by the seed metering disc in the seed filling section of the seed conveying unit sequentially enter the first U-shaped pipe, the vertical straight pipe and the second U-shaped pipe so as to reflux into the seed metering box.
Further, the process of establishing negative pressure and capturing seeds by the negative pressure capturing area is as follows:
starting a negative pressure machine, wherein the negative pressure machine vacuumizes a negative pressure capturing area through a negative pressure joint, a plurality of ventilation grooves on a gas distribution shaft and a plurality of through grooves on a shaft hole step, so that the negative pressure capturing area forms certain negative pressure;
after the negative pressure capturing area establishes a certain negative pressure, external air enters the seed spoon through the air leakage hole on the seed filling section, then enters the negative pressure capturing area through the seed spoon and the first air hole, and the external air enters the negative pressure capturing area to push seeds into the seed spoon from the seed filling section, so that the seeds are fixed in the seed spoon corresponding to the negative pressure capturing area due to the negative pressure adsorption effect.
Further, when the emission angle of the emission tube needs to be adjusted, the emission tube is rotated to a set angle through the supporting unit;
The supporting unit comprises a triangular bracket, a transmitting pipe support arm and a transmitting pipe clamp; the triangular bracket is fixedly connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the triangular bracket is hinged with a gas distribution shaft of the seed metering disc unit; one end of the transmitting tube support arm is hinged with the air distribution shaft, the other end of the transmitting tube support arm is fixedly connected with the transmitting tube clamp, and the transmitting tube clamp is used for installing the transmitting tube.
Further, when the emission angle of the emission tube needs to be adjusted, the emission tube support arm is rotated, the emission tube support arm drives the air distribution shaft of the seed metering disc unit to rotate, and the air distribution shaft drives the seed metering disc to synchronously rotate;
when the seed metering disc rotates, the area of the negative pressure capturing area is adjusted to correspond to the position of the seed filling section of the seed conveying unit.
Further, the driving unit is used for driving the seed metering disc to rotate;
the driving unit comprises an engine, a driving wheel and a belt, wherein the engine is arranged on the triangular bracket, the driving wheel is directly arranged on an output shaft of the engine, and the driving wheel and the seed metering disc are driven by the belt to drive the seed metering disc to rotate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a seed metering and reflux method of nut seeds, which comprises the steps of feeding seeds into a seed filling section near a seed metering disc unit, wherein a seed metering disc in the seed metering disc unit is embedded with a gas distribution disc, a negative pressure capturing area in the gas distribution disc provides negative pressure for a seed spoon of the seed metering disc, and the seed disc captures the nearby seeds under the action of the negative pressure, so that the seeds fall into the seed spoon; when seeds do not fall into the seed spoon, the seeds enter a reflux section of the seed conveying unit and reflux into the seed box. The seed metering disc of the seed metering disc unit continues to run, the seed spoon is transported at a certain angle, and the seed spoon on the seed metering disc rotates to a transmitting position to transmit seeds. The invention realizes accurate seed metering of seeds.
(2) According to the invention, the first accelerating inclined tube and the second accelerating inclined tube are arranged on the transmitting tube, so that the transmitting speed of nut seeds can be improved, the seeds can penetrate through the soil surface layer, and the sowing effect of the seeds is ensured.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the embodiments of the invention particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seed metering device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a seed plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the bearing housing bore and large pulley on the first cover plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a seed spoon;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the body of the distribution plate;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second cover plate of the distribution plate;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a valve shaft 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the valve shaft 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed box unit;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed charging section and the seed metering disc;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the supporting unit;
FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a seed plate apparatus;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the seed filling section;
FIG. 14 is an axial cross-sectional view of the valve shaft 1;
FIG. 15 is an axial cross-sectional view 2 of the valve shaft;
fig. 16 is a schematic view of a launch tube structure.
Reference numerals:
1-seed box; 2-vibrator; 3-a conveying section; 4-a seed filling section; 5-a seed metering disc unit; 6-a transmitting tube; 7-a first accelerating chute; 8-a first U-shaped tube; 9-a vertical straight pipe; 10-a second U-shaped tube; 11-injecting an inclined tube; 12-an outer ring surface of the seed sowing plate; 13-inner ring surface of seed-metering disk; 14, a seed spoon; 15-a first cover plate; 16-bearing housing holes; 17-a large belt wheel; 18-a first air hole; 19-a sealing ring; 20-a tray body; 21-adjusting the partition; 22-a fixed partition; 23-high-pressure gas steps; 24-first support rib; 25-second support ribs; 26-a third support rib; 27-shaft hole steps; 28-a through slot; 29-non-through slots; 30-a high-pressure gas joint; 31-bolts; 32-a first column section; 33-a second column section; 34-a third column section; 35-fourth column section; 36-a fifth column section; 37-first keyway; 38-a first vent slot; 39-shaft shoulders; 40-annular grooves; 41-a barrel section; 42-vertebral segments; 43-a valve plate; 44-leakage holes; 45-a tripod; 46-a launch tube arm; 47-a launch tube clamp; 48-a negative pressure capture zone; 49-normal pressure area; 50-a first end face; 51-a second end face; 52-an arc-shaped cylindrical cavity; 53-arc-shaped opening; 54-seed injection port; 55-seed reflux port; 56-a first flat key; 57-second keyway; 58-second flat key; 59-a second acceleration chute.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the invention, are used to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for seeding and refluxing nut seeds, comprising the following steps: a seed metering process, a reflux process and a seed emission process are carried out by utilizing the seed metering disc unit;
the seed metering process is carried out by using the seed metering disc unit 5: the seeds are fed to the vicinity of the seed metering disc unit 5, a gas distribution disc is embedded in the seed metering disc unit 5, a negative pressure capturing area in the gas distribution disc provides negative pressure for a seed spoon of the seed metering disc, and the seeds in the vicinity are captured by the seed metering disc under the action of the negative pressure and fall into the seed spoon; the seed metering disc of the seed metering disc unit 5 continues to run, the seed spoon is transported at a certain angle, and the seed spoon on the seed metering disc rotates to a transmitting position to transmit seeds.
It should be noted that the seed emission process is: when the seed spoon rotates to a position aligned with the emission pipe, the seeds in the seed spoon are emitted by high-pressure air provided by a high-pressure air step on the air distribution disc.
When the initial emitting speed of seeds can not meet the sowing penetration requirement, a first accelerating inclined tube 7 is arranged on the emitting tube 6; the first accelerating inclined tube 7 is communicated with a first-stage high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and is used for accelerating seeds in the transmitting tube.
In order to increase the seed emission speed, a second accelerating inclined tube 59 is arranged below the first accelerating inclined tube 7, and the second accelerating inclined tube 59 is communicated with a secondary high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle; the axial included angle between the second accelerating inclined tube 59 and the transmitting tube 6 is smaller than the axial included angle between the first accelerating inclined tube 7 and the transmitting tube 6; the pressure of the high-pressure gas of the secondary high-pressure gas source is greater than that of the high-pressure gas of the primary high-pressure gas source.
Compared with the prior art, the seed-dressing device has the advantages that the first accelerating inclined tube 7 and the second accelerating inclined tube 59 are arranged, so that the seeds can be ensured to have higher emitting speed, and the seeds can be ensured to penetrate through the soil surface layer.
When the seeds do not fall into the seed scoop 14, they enter the return section of the seed transport unit and return to the seed box 1. The seed reflux process is as follows: high-pressure high-speed air flow is introduced into the injection inclined tube 11 of the backflow section and flows out after passing through the second U-shaped tube 10, and simultaneously seeds which are not captured by the seed metering disc in the seed filling section 4 of the seed conveying unit sequentially enter the first U-shaped tube 8, the vertical straight tube 9 and the second U-shaped tube 10 so as to flow back into the seed box 1.
The process for establishing negative pressure and capturing seeds in the negative pressure capturing area comprises the following steps: starting a negative pressure machine, wherein the negative pressure machine vacuumizes a negative pressure capturing area through a negative pressure joint, a plurality of ventilation grooves on a gas distribution shaft and a plurality of through grooves 28 on a shaft hole step, so that the negative pressure capturing area forms certain negative pressure; after a certain negative pressure is established in the negative pressure capturing area, external air enters the seed spoon through the air leakage hole on the seed filling section 4, then enters the negative pressure capturing area through the seed spoon 14 and the first air hole 18, seeds can be pushed into the seed spoon 14 by the seed filling section 4 when the external air enters the negative pressure capturing area, and the seeds are fixed in the seed spoon 14 corresponding to the negative pressure capturing area due to the negative pressure adsorption effect.
When the emission angle of the emission tube needs to be adjusted, the emission tube 6 is rotated to a set angle through the supporting unit; the support unit comprises a tripod 45, a launch tube support arm 46 and a launch tube clamp 47; the tripod 45 is fixedly connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle; the triangular bracket 45 is hinged with a gas distribution shaft of the seed metering disc unit 5; one end of the transmitting tube support arm 46 is hinged with the air distribution shaft, the other end is fixedly connected with the transmitting tube clamp 47, and the transmitting tube clamp 47 is used for installing the transmitting tube 6.
When the emission angle of the emission tube 6 needs to be adjusted, the emission tube support arm 46 is rotated, the emission tube support arm 46 drives the air distribution shaft of the seed metering disc unit 5 to rotate, and the air distribution shaft drives the seed metering disc to synchronously rotate; when the seed metering disc rotates, the area of the negative pressure capturing area is adjusted to correspond to the position of the seed filling section 4 of the seed conveying unit.
The invention uses the driving unit to drive the seed metering disc to rotate; the driving unit comprises an engine, a driving wheel and a belt, wherein the engine is arranged on the tripod 45, the driving wheel is directly arranged on an output shaft of the engine, and the driving wheel and the seed metering disc are driven by the belt to drive the seed metering disc to rotate.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a seed metering disc device for the unmanned aerial vehicle, which is used for realizing the seed metering and reflux method of the nut seeds; the seed metering disc device for the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a seed box unit, a seed metering disc unit 5, a driving unit, a seed conveying unit and a transmitting tube unit; the seed box unit is arranged above the seed plate unit 5, and is communicated with the seed plate unit 5 through the seed conveying unit; the seed conveying unit comprises a conveying section 3 and a seed filling section 4, one end of the conveying section 3 is communicated with the seed box unit, and the other end of the conveying section is communicated with the seed filling section 4; the seed metering disc unit 5 comprises a negative pressure capturing area and a normal pressure area; the seed filling section 4 is covered on the negative pressure capturing area and is communicated with the negative pressure capturing area, and seeds provided by the seed box unit sequentially pass through the conveying section 3 and the seed filling section and are adsorbed in the seed metering disc unit 5 under the adsorption action of the negative pressure capturing area; the transmitting tube unit is arranged below the seed metering disc unit 5 and is positioned on the boundary line of the negative pressure capturing area and the normal pressure area; the transmitting tube unit is communicated with the seed metering disc unit 5, the seed metering disc unit 5 is connected with the driving unit, the driving unit can drive the seed metering disc assembly to rotate, seeds can be captured and arranged when the seed metering disc unit 5 rotates, and the captured and arranged seeds are transmitted out through the transmitting tube 6.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 12, the seed metering disc device for an unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention mainly includes a seed box unit, a seed metering disc unit 5, a driving unit, a seed conveying unit and a transmitting tube unit, wherein the seed box unit is used for storing seeds, the seed box unit and the seed metering disc unit 5 adopt a separated design, and the seed box unit is arranged above the seed metering disc unit 5. The working process of the seed metering disk device for the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows: seeds in the seed box unit enter the seed filling section through the conveying section 3 of the seed conveying unit, and the seed filling section is covered on the negative pressure capturing area of the seed metering disc unit 5 and is communicated with the negative pressure capturing area, so that the seeds stay in the seed metering disc unit 5 after entering the seed metering disc unit 5 due to the negative pressure adsorption effect, the seeds in the seed filling section 4 continuously enter the seed metering disc unit 5 in the rotation process of the seed metering disc unit 5 driven by the driving unit, and meanwhile, the seeds in the seed metering disc unit 5 are emitted out through the transmitting tube unit and sowed on the ground when passing through the transmitting tube unit.
In the prior art, the seed box 1 and the seed metering disc are designed in a semi-embedded manner, and the seed metering disc unit 5 cannot be replaced according to the size of seeds, so that seeds with a single size can be sown. Compared with the prior art, the seed box unit and the seed plate unit 5 adopt a separated design, and the seed plate unit 5 can be replaced according to the sizes of seeds aiming at seeds with different sizes, so that the applicability of the seed metering device is improved.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in order to capture and arrange seeds at a fixed interval, the seed plate unit 5 of the present invention includes a seed plate; the inside of the seed metering disc is provided with an annular cake-shaped structure of a cavity, the seed metering disc comprises an outer annular surface 12 of the seed metering disc, an inner annular surface 13 of the seed metering disc, a first disc surface 51 and a second disc surface 50 which are oppositely arranged, a first cover plate 15 is arranged at the first disc surface 51 of the seed metering disc, and the second disc surface 50 of the seed metering disc is in an opening state (namely, no cover plate is arranged); seed scoops 14 are arranged on the outer ring surface 12 of the seed metering disc at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer ring surface, the seed scoops 14 are grooves formed along the radial direction of the seed metering disc, first air holes 18 along the radial direction of the seed metering disc are formed in the bottom of the seed scoops 14, and the seed scoops 14 are communicated with the inner ring surface through the corresponding first air holes 18; the aperture of the seed spoon 14 is larger than the aperture of the corresponding first air hole 18, and the holes of the seed spoon 14 are arranged along the radial direction of the seed metering disc.
The air distribution plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the seed metering plate (as shown in fig. 2 and 10), and the outer annular surface of the air distribution plate is attached to the inner annular surface 13 of the seed metering plate; the centers of the first cover plates 15 of the air distribution plate and the seed metering plate are respectively provided with a central hole, and an air distribution shaft penetrates through the central holes; one end of the air distribution shaft is an open end, the other end of the air distribution shaft is a closed end, the open end of the air distribution shaft is connected with the negative pressure joint, a plurality of ventilation grooves are formed in the air distribution shaft, and the air distribution shaft is communicated with a negative pressure capturing area of the air distribution disc through the ventilation grooves; the negative pressure joint is connected with a negative pressure machine, and the negative pressure machine pumps air to the negative pressure capturing area through the negative pressure joint and an air vent groove on the air distribution shaft to form negative pressure so that seeds are adsorbed in the seed spoon 14.
Specifically, the seed metering disc unit 5 of the invention is a core component of a seed metering disc device for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the seed metering disc is used for capturing seeds, the seed metering disc unit 5 comprises a seed metering disc, a gas distribution shaft and a negative pressure joint, wherein the shape of the seed metering disc is disc-shaped, a cavity is arranged in the seed metering disc, the seed metering disc comprises an annular outer ring surface and an annular inner ring surface, the inner ring surface is formed by the cavity, one end surface of the seed metering disc is in an opening state, and a first cover plate 15 is arranged on the other end surface of the seed metering disc. The seed scoops 14 are arranged on the outer ring surface 12 of the seed metering disc at equal intervals, for example, the number of the seed scoops 14 is 20, the seed scoops 14 are communicated with the seed filling section outwards and are communicated with the negative pressure capturing area inwards through the first air holes 18, when the negative pressure machine is started, the negative pressure machine pumps air to the negative pressure capturing area through the negative pressure connector and the air grooves on the air distribution shaft to form negative pressure, and the negative pressure capturing area is communicated with the seed scoops 14 through the first air holes 18, so that the seed scoops 14 can capture seeds and contain the seeds, and when the seed metering disc rotates, the seeds are prevented from flying out of the seed scoops 14.
In conclusion, the seed metering disc has the functions of ensuring dynamic air tightness, capturing seeds, metering seeds, transmitting and centering. The invention ensures that seeds cannot leak to the outside by the clearance fit of the outer ring surface 12 of the seed metering disc and the seed filling section 4. The inner ring surface 13 of the seed metering disc and the gap of the air distribution disc are dynamically sealed through the contact type sealing ring, so that the establishment of the vacuum degree of a negative pressure capturing area in the air distribution disc is ensured, and enough attractive force is provided for capturing seeds.
In order to fill the gap between the seed spoon 14 and the seeds to a certain extent, reduce the air leakage and improve the air source utilization rate, as shown in fig. 4, the seed spoon 14 is a columnar cavity, a sealing ring 19 is arranged in the seed spoon 14, and the radiuses of the seed spoon 14, the sealing ring 19 and the first air hole 18 are sequentially reduced.
Specifically, as shown in the figure, a sealing ring 19 is arranged in the columnar cavity of the seed spoon 14, the sealing ring 19 is positioned at the bottommost part of the columnar cavity, and the captured seeds in the seed spoon 14 are positioned in the sealing ring 19, so that the radius of the sealing ring 19 is smaller than that of the seed spoon 14, the gap between the seeds and the seed spoon 14 can be reduced, the air leakage is reduced, and the air source utilization rate is improved.
In order to ensure that seeds are captured and contained in a seed spoon 14, as shown in fig. 13, two ends of a seed filling section 4 of the invention are correspondingly provided with a seed injection opening 54 and a seed return opening 55, an arc-shaped cylindrical cavity 52 is arranged between the seed injection opening 54 and the seed return opening 55, an arc-shaped opening 53 is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped cylindrical cavity 52, and the radian of the arc-shaped opening 53 is equal to that of the arc-shaped cylindrical cavity 52; the arc-shaped cylindrical cavity 52 of the seed filling section 4 is matched with the shape of the seed metering disc, and the arc-shaped opening 53 of the arc-shaped cylindrical cavity 52 covers the negative pressure capturing area and is communicated with the negative pressure capturing area; seeds provided by the seed box unit enter the seed filling section 4 through the conveying section 3, and then the negative pressure of the negative pressure capturing area is absorbed in a seed spoon of the seed metering disc.
As shown in fig. 10 and 13, the seed filling section 4 of the present invention is configured to ensure that seeds are captured by the structure of the seed metering disc, and since the structure of the seed metering disc is provided with a negative pressure capturing area, the negative pressure capturing area is communicated with the seed filling section 4 through an arc-shaped opening 53, and a dynamic seal is formed between the arc-shaped opening 53 and the negative pressure capturing area. In addition, a plurality of air leakage holes 44 are uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of the arc-shaped cylindrical cavity 52 at equal intervals along the arc length direction, and air is sucked into the negative pressure capturing area through the air leakage holes 44 to push seeds into the seed metering disc structure. In order to ensure that seeds can be captured, as shown in fig. 5 to 6, the air distribution disc of the present invention comprises a disc body 20, an axial hole step 27, a second cover plate, an adjusting partition plate 21, a fixed partition plate 22, a high-pressure air step 23 and a high-pressure air joint 30; the tray body 20 is nested in the cavity of the seed metering tray, and the outer annular surface of the tray body 20 is attached to the inner annular surface 13 of the seed metering tray (as shown in fig. 2 and 10); the shaft hole step 27 is arranged at the center of the tray body 20, a central hole is arranged on the second cover plate, and the central hole is attached to the outer shaft surface of the shaft hole step 27; the distribution shaft penetrates through the shaft hole step 27 and a central hole on the second cover plate; the shaft hole step 27 is provided with a plurality of through grooves 28 and a plurality of non-through grooves 29, the through grooves 28 correspond to the positions of the ventilation grooves on the gas distribution shaft and are communicated with each other, the adjusting baffle plate 21 and the fixed baffle plate 22 are arranged on the tray body 20, and one end of the adjusting baffle plate 21 is inserted into the non-through grooves 29; one end of the fixed partition 22 is fixed on the shaft hole step 27; the other end of the fixed clapboard 22 is connected with a high-pressure air step 23, and the outlet end of the high-pressure air step 23 is one end far away from the fixed clapboard 22; the sum of the length of the fixed diaphragm 22 and the length of the high-pressure gas step 23 is equal to the length of the adjustment diaphragm 21; the adjusting baffle plate 21 is inserted into the non-through groove 29 on the shaft hole step 27 as the starting boundary of the negative pressure capturing area and the ending boundary of the normal pressure area, the high pressure gas step 23 is connected with the fixed baffle plate 22 and forms the ending boundary of the negative pressure capturing area and the starting boundary of the normal pressure area together (the starting boundary and the ending boundary of the negative pressure capturing area are arranged to prevent the seed spoon 14 of the non-seed filling area on the seed sowing plate from leaking gas); the area surrounded by the second cover plate, the plate body 20 of the air distribution plate and the inner annular surface 13 of the seed metering plate comprises a negative pressure capturing area and a normal pressure area; the second cover plate is provided with a high-pressure gas joint 30 hole, the high-pressure gas joint 30 penetrates through the high-pressure gas joint 30 hole and is communicated with the high-pressure gas step 23, and the driving unit can drive the seed metering disc to rotate so as to align the seed spoon 14 with the outlet end of the high-pressure gas step 23; the transmitting tube 6 is arranged on the outer ring surface 12 of the seed metering disc, the transmitting tube 6 is communicated with the seed spoon 14 aligned with the outlet end of the high-pressure air step 23, the high-pressure air connector 30 is connected with a high-pressure air source, high-pressure air provided by the high-pressure air source enters the seed spoon 14 through the high-pressure air connector 30 and the high-pressure air step 23, and seeds in the seed spoon 14 are blown into the transmitting tube 6 and are transmitted.
Specifically, the air distribution plate is used for providing and distributing air pressure for capturing and blowing out seeds to the seed metering plate, and the specific process for capturing and blowing out the seeds by using the air distribution plate comprises the following steps: the seeds in the seed box 1 enter the seed filling section through the conveying section 3, and meanwhile, the negative pressure is utilized to vacuumize a negative pressure capturing area, specifically, the negative pressure capturing area is vacuumized through a negative pressure joint, a ventilation groove on a gas distribution shaft and a through groove 28 on a shaft hole step 27, after a certain negative pressure is formed in the negative pressure capturing area, the negative pressure capturing area is communicated with the seed spoon 14 through the first gas hole 18, so that air in the seed spoon 14 flows to the negative pressure capturing area, a certain negative pressure adsorption effect is formed in the seed spoon 14, and the seeds are captured and contained in the seed spoon 14; the seed metering disc continues to run, seeds are continuously captured and contained by the seed spoon 14 communicated with the negative pressure capturing area, the captured seeds are transported through the seed metering disc (rotated by a certain angle), and after the seed spoon 14 of the seed metering disc rotates to a transmitting position (which means a position aligned with the transmitting tube 6), high-pressure air provided by the high-pressure air source enters the seed spoon 14 through the high-pressure air connector 30 and the high-pressure air step 23, and the seeds in the seed spoon 14 are blown into the transmitting tube 6 and are transmitted.
Compared with the prior art, the seed spoon 14 is communicated with the negative pressure capturing area, the seeds are captured by utilizing the negative pressure, the seeds are accommodated in the seed spoon 14, and the seeds are emitted out through the emitting tube 6 by utilizing high-pressure air, so that the seeds can be endowed with a certain initial speed, the seeds can be ensured to penetrate deeper soil layers, the seeds are prevented from falling down by gravity, and the penetration depth is low. In addition, the seed sowing precision can be improved by transmitting seeds through the transmitting tube, and the problem of low seed sowing precision of an air seeder for sowing seeds through the seed throwing disc in the prior art is solved.
As shown in fig. 11, in order to fix the seed metering device on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the seed metering disc device for unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention further includes a supporting unit, the supporting unit includes a tripod 45, a launching tube support arm 46 and a launching tube clamp 47; the triangular bracket 45 is fixedly connected with the aerial platform, one corner of the triangular bracket 45 is hinged with the air distribution shaft, and the other two corners are fixedly connected with the seed filling section 4; one end of the transmitting tube support arm 46 is hinged with the air distribution shaft, the other end of the transmitting tube support arm is fixedly connected with the transmitting tube 6 mounting clamp, and the transmitting tube clamp 47 is used for mounting the transmitting tube 6; a bearing seat hole 16 and an annular boss-shaped large belt wheel 17 are sequentially arranged outwards along the central hole on the end surface of the first cover plate 15 far away from the negative pressure capturing area; a bearing is arranged between the bearing seat hole 16 and the air distribution shaft; the outer ring surface of the large annular boss-shaped belt wheel 17 is a belt surface; the driving unit comprises an engine, a driving wheel and a belt, wherein the engine is arranged on the tripod 45, the driving wheel is directly arranged on an output shaft of the engine, and the driving wheel and the large belt wheel 17 are driven by the belt to drive the seed sowing plate to rotate.
Specifically, the tripod 45 is fixedly connected with an aerial platform (e.g. an unmanned aerial vehicle), one end of the tripod 45 is hinged with a gas distribution shaft, the other two ends of the tripod are respectively fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the arc seed filling section 4, the transmitting tube support arm 46 is in a cuboid plate shape, one end of the transmitting tube support arm 46 is in a semicircle shape, the other end of the transmitting tube support arm is in a cuboid shape, a central through hole is formed in the semicircle end, the gas distribution shaft penetrates through the central through hole, a fastening nut is arranged on the outer side of the semicircle end, and the fastening nut is in threaded connection with the gas distribution shaft and used for fastening one end of the tripod 45 and the semicircle end of the transmitting tube support arm 46 on the gas distribution shaft. Two threaded holes are formed in the rectangular end of the emitter tube support arm 46, bolts 31 are respectively disposed in the threaded holes, and the emitter tube clamp 47 is fixedly connected with the emitter tube support arm 46 through the bolts 31.
The transmitting tube unit of the present invention includes a transmitting tube 6; as shown in fig. 16, the transmitting tube 6 is fixed at one end of the transmitting tube clamp 47, the other end of the transmitting tube clamp 47 is fixedly connected with one end of the transmitting tube support arm 46, and the other end of the transmitting tube support arm 46 is fixedly connected with the tripod 45; the transmitting pipe 6 is arranged below the seed metering disc device for the unmanned aerial vehicle and corresponds to the seed ejection port; the transmitting tube 6 is provided with a first accelerating inclined tube 7; the first accelerating inclined tube 7 is communicated with a first-stage high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The launch tube structure of the present invention is used for the launching of nut-type seeds and/or for the launching of seed capsules for commercial crop seeds. The nut seeds include nut with hard shell, chestnut, water chestnut, gingko, apricot, pistachio, melon seed and acorn. In addition, some commercial crop seeds which do not have a hard outer shell and are irregularly shaped can be launched through capsule encapsulation, i.e., some nutrients such as fertilizers encapsulate the seeds to form a spherical package, forming a seed capsule.
It should be noted that, whether it is nut seeds or seed capsules, a high speed is required to make the seeds penetrate the ground surface during the launching, and since the seeds have a hard shell or capsule protection, the internal structure of the seeds will not be affected when they penetrate the soil, i.e. the germination rate of the seeds will not be affected.
In order to increase the seed emission speed, as shown in fig. 16, a second accelerating inclined tube 59 is arranged below the first accelerating inclined tube 7, and the second accelerating inclined tube 59 is communicated with a secondary high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle; the axial included angle between the second accelerating inclined tube 59 and the transmitting tube 6 is smaller than the axial included angle between the first accelerating inclined tube 7 and the transmitting tube 6; the pressure of the high-pressure gas of the secondary high-pressure gas source is greater than that of the high-pressure gas of the primary high-pressure gas source.
Compared with the prior art, the seed-dressing device has the advantages that the first accelerating inclined tube 7 and the second accelerating inclined tube 59 are arranged, so that the seeds can be ensured to have higher emitting speed, and the seeds can be ensured to penetrate through the soil surface layer.
The radius of the large pulley 17 is larger than the radius of the bearing housing hole 16, the radius of the bearing housing hole 16 is larger than the radius of the hollow hole, and the valve shaft penetrates the bearing housing hole 16 and the large pulley 17 in the shape of an annular boss. The inner cylindrical surface of the bearing seat hole 16 is a positioning surface matched with a bearing, a shaft shoulder 39 is arranged at one end close to the closed end of the valve shaft seal, the shaft shoulder 39 is used for limiting the movement of the bearing in the axial direction of the valve shaft, an annular groove 40 is arranged at one end close to the open end of the valve shaft, and a retainer ring is arranged in the annular groove 40 and is also used for limiting the movement of the bearing in the axial direction of the valve shaft. The outer cylindrical surface of the large annular boss-shaped belt wheel 17 is a working surface matched with the conveyor belt.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the valve shaft of the present invention is a mounting base of the valve disc, and has functions of fastening, centering and valve. The air distribution shaft is hollow and columnar, and comprises a first column section 32, a second column section 33, a third column section 34, a fourth column section 35 and a fifth column section 36 from the closed end to the open end in sequence; wherein, the first column section 32 is provided with external threads for installing a valve disc nut to fix the valve disc; the second column section 33 is used for installing and positioning the air distribution disc, the plurality of air channels comprise a first air channel 38, a second air channel and a third air channel, the three air channels are all arranged on the second column section 33 along the radial direction, the plurality of through channels 28 on the shaft hole step 27 of the air distribution disc comprise a first through channel 28, a second through channel 28 and a third through channel 28, the first through channel corresponds to the first air channel 38 in position and is communicated with the first through channel, the second through channel corresponds to the second air channel in position and is communicated with the second through channel in position and is communicated with the third air channel, and the three through channels 28 and the three air channels are arranged for vacuumizing the negative pressure capturing area by utilizing the air distribution shaft.
The third column section 34 is used for installing a bearing, and a shaft shoulder 39 is arranged between the second column section 33 and the third column section 34, and the shaft shoulder 39 is an axial positioning end face of the air distribution disc and is used for limiting the axial position of the bearing. An annular groove 40 is provided between the third and fourth five column sections 34, the annular groove 40 being used to mount a shaft collar which is used to limit bearing movement. The fourth column section 35 is used for installing a tripod 45 and a transmitting tube support arm 46, wherein the tripod 45 is installed at one end close to the shaft shoulder 39, and the transmitting tube support arm 46 is installed at one end far away from the shaft shoulder 39. The fifth column section 36 is provided with an internal thread for mounting a negative pressure fitting.
The blind end and the open end of the gas distribution shaft are provided with external threads, the external threads are provided with fastening nuts, the fastening nuts of the blind end are matched with the external threads of the gas distribution shaft to fasten the second cover plate, the second cover plate is prevented from falling off the gas distribution shaft, and the fastening nuts of the open end are matched with the external threads of the gas distribution shaft to fasten the emitter support arm 46, so that relative sliding between the emitter support arm 46 and the gas distribution shaft is prevented.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7, 8, 14 and 15, the fourth column section 35 is provided with a first key slot 37 and a first flat key 56, and the emitter support arm 46 is provided with a corresponding groove, and the first key slot 37 and the groove are used for accommodating the first flat key 56, so that the first flat key 56 can clamp the emitter support arm 46 and the gas distribution shaft, and when the emitter support arm 46 rotates, the emitter support arm 46 rotates synchronously.
In addition, the second cylindrical section 33 is provided with a second key groove 57 and a second flat key 58, and a groove is also provided on the inner wall of the central hole of the shaft hole step 27 of the gas distribution shaft, the second key groove 57 and the cover groove are used for accommodating the second flat key 58, so that the second flat key 58 can clamp the gas distribution disc and the gas distribution shaft, and when the gas distribution shaft rotates due to the driving of the transmitting pipe support arm 46, the gas distribution shaft and the gas distribution disc can synchronously rotate.
The angle adjustment process of the transmitting tube is as follows: when the transmitting tube support arm 46 is rotated, namely, the transmitting angle of the transmitting tube is adjusted, the fastening nut at the negative pressure joint is unscrewed, the transmitting tube support arm 46 is rotated, at this time, the gas distribution shaft clamped with the transmitting tube support arm 46 through the first key groove 37 and the first flat key 56 synchronously rotates with the transmitting tube support arm 46, the gas distribution shaft rotates to drive the gas distribution disc to rotate, the rotating angle of the gas distribution disc is the same as that of the transmitting tube support arm 46, and after the angle of the transmitting tube is adjusted, the nut at the negative pressure joint is screwed, at this time, the transmitting angle of the transmitting tube 6 is fixed, and the relative angle of the transmitting tube support arm 46 and the gas distribution disc is ensured. At this time, in order to ensure the tightness in the negative pressure capturing area, the adjusting partition plate is inserted into the corresponding non-through groove, so that the negative pressure range of the negative pressure capturing area is adjusted to correspond to the structure of the seed filling section 4.
The blind end and the open end of the gas distribution shaft are provided with external threads, the external threads are provided with fastening nuts, the fastening nuts of the blind end are matched with the external threads of the gas distribution shaft to fasten the second cover plate, the second cover plate is prevented from falling off the gas distribution shaft, and the fastening nuts of the open end are matched with the external threads of the gas distribution shaft to fasten the emitter support arm 46, so that relative sliding between the emitter support arm 46 and the gas distribution shaft is prevented.
The fastening nut, the second cover plate, the shaft hole step 27, the air distribution disc body 20, the first cover plate 15, the bearing seat hole 16, the tripod 45, the transmitting tube support arm 46 and the negative pressure connector are sequentially installed on the air distribution shaft from the closed end to the open end.
When the existing seed metering device is used for metering seeds, the emitting angle of the seeds cannot be adjusted. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the adjustment of the seed emission angle, and the specific process is as follows: when the emission angle of the emission tube 6 needs to be adjusted, the emission tube support arm 46 rotates around the gas distribution shaft by a certain angle, then the emission tube support arm 46 is fastened by a fastening nut, and when the emission tube support arm 46 rotates, the emission tube support arm 46 drives the emission tube clamp 47 to rotate by a certain angle, and finally the emission angle adjustment of the emission tube 6 is realized. In addition, it should be noted that when the angle of the emitter tube 6 is adjusted, the plugging position of the adjusting partition 21 needs to be readjusted to avoid the air leakage in the normal pressure region (i.e. the non-seed filling region) and the non-negative pressure in the negative pressure capturing region.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to return the seed not captured into the seed box 1, the seed transport unit of the present invention further comprises a return section and an injection chute 11; the middle part of the reflux section is a vertical straight pipe 9, two ends of the reflux section are respectively provided with a first U-shaped pipe 8 and a second U-shaped pipe 10, the first U-shaped pipe 8 is communicated with the tail end of the seed filling section 4, and the outlet end of the second U-shaped pipe 10 extends to the upper part of the seed box unit; the injection inclined tube 11 is arranged on the second U-shaped tube 10, and an air inlet of the injection inclined tube 11 is connected with a high-pressure air source; through leading in high pressure high-speed air current to the injection inclined tube 11, the seed that can not be caught by the seed metering dish in the section 4 of filling can flow back to the seed case unit through first U type pipe 8, vertical straight tube 9 and second U type pipe 10 in proper order.
Specifically, the invention uses the high-pressure high-speed air flow injection principle to reflux seeds which are not captured by a seed metering disc into the seed box 1, and the specific process is as follows: after introducing high-pressure high-speed air current into the injection inclined tube 11, the high-pressure high-speed air current (compressed air) can flow out after passing through the second U-shaped tube 10 along the current direction, air in the vertical straight tube 9 and the first U-shaped tube 8 below can flow out along with the high-pressure high-speed air current of top under the influence of injection effect, at this moment, the vertical straight tube 9 and the first U-shaped tube 8 are in a negative pressure state, external air can flow into the seed filling section 4 from the air leakage holes 44 which are arranged on the outer side surface of the cavity of the seed filling section 4 and are arranged at equal intervals, the seed which is not captured and the external air reach the vertical straight tube 9 through the first U-shaped tube 8, and are sprayed out together and flow back into the seed box 1 when passing through the injection inclined tube 11.
In order to control the flow of seeds into the seed metering disc, as shown in fig. 9, the seed box unit of the present invention includes a seed box 1, a power device and a valve plate 43; the seed box 1 comprises a cylinder section and a cone section, such as a cube section 41 and a rectangular pyramid section 42, wherein the cylinder section 41 is arranged above the rectangular pyramid and is communicated with the rectangular pyramid; the outlet of the conical bottom of the rectangular pyramid is provided with a valve plate 43, the valve plate 43 is connected with a power device, and the power device drives the valve plate 43 to move so as to control the flow of seeds in the seed box 1 entering the seed metering disc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can control the flow and the flow velocity of seeds in the box body entering the seed metering device by controlling the opening degree of the valve plate 43.
As shown in fig. 9, in order to prevent the seeds from being blocked at the valve plate 43 at the bottom of the seed box 1, the seed box unit of the present invention further comprises a vibrator 2, wherein the vibrator 2 is arranged on one conical surface of the rectangular pyramid, and the vibrator 2 (vibration motor) can drive the seeds in the seed box 1 to shake together, thereby preventing the seeds from being blocked at the valve plate 43, and finally ensuring that the seeds can be smoothly discharged.
In order to install the second cover plate and prevent the second cover plate and the tray body 20 from deforming under the action of negative pressure, the air distribution tray of the invention further comprises a plurality of supporting rib plates and a plurality of fasteners (such as bolts 31), threaded holes are arranged at two ends of the supporting rib plates, and the number of the bolts 31 is the same as that of the threaded holes; the disk body 20 of the air distribution disk and the second cover plate are also provided with threaded holes which are the same as the threaded holes on the supporting rib plates in number and correspond to the positions; the bolts 31 respectively penetrate through corresponding threaded holes in the second cover plate, the supporting rib plates and the disc body 20 of the air distribution disc, and the supporting rib plates are used for supporting and installing the second cover plate.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a plurality of support ribs including a first support rib 24, a second support rib 25 and a third support rib 26 are provided on the gas distribution plate of the present invention, and the first support rib 24 to the third support rib 26 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the plate body 20 of the gas distribution plate, that is, the first support rib 24 to the third support rib 26 have an angle of 60 ° with each other. The first support rib 24 and the second support rib 25 are located in the negative pressure trapping region, and the third support rib 26 is located in the normal pressure region. In order to avoid that the first support rib 24 and the second support rib 25 block the flow of air in the negative pressure trapping region, therefore, the lengths of the first support rib 24 to the third support rib 26 are controlled to be smaller than the length of the adjustment diaphragm 21.
It should be noted that, the two ends of the first supporting rib plate 24 to the third supporting rib plate 26 are all provided with threaded holes, and 6 threaded holes are formed in the tray body 20 and the second cover plate of the air distribution tray, and 6 bolts 31 sequentially penetrate through the threaded holes in the second cover plate, each supporting rib plate and the tray body 20 of the air distribution tray, so that the second cover plate covers the tray body 20 of the air distribution tray, and when the negative pressure capturing area is pumped, the first supporting rib plate 24 to the third supporting rib plate 26 can support the second cover plate and the tray body 20 of the air distribution tray, so that deformation and collapse of the second cover plate and the tray body 20 of the air distribution tray due to the negative pressure in the negative pressure capturing area are avoided.
In summary, the seed metering device of the invention has the working procedures that: the valve plate 43 is driven to move by the power device to open the valve plate 43, seeds fall into the seed filling section 4 through the conveying section 3 after valve opening, the arc-shaped semi-open cavity is communicated with the seed spoon 14 due to the fact that the seed filling section 4 is an arc-shaped semi-open cavity, the seed spoon 14 is communicated with the negative pressure capturing area through the first air hole 18, the negative pressure capturing area can continuously provide negative pressure for the seed spoon 14 on the seed metering disc, and under the action of the negative pressure, the seed disc captures nearby seeds, namely, the seeds in the seed filling section 4 are accommodated in the seed spoon 14 after being captured. As the seed metering disc is continuously rotated, seeds of the seed filling section 4 continuously enter the seed spoon 14. If seeds can not fall into the seed spoon 14, the seeds can enter the first U-shaped pipe 8 of the reflux section, as the injection inclined pipe 11 is arranged on the second U-shaped pipe 10, the air inlet of the injection inclined pipe 11 is connected with a high-pressure air source, when high-pressure high-speed air flow is introduced into the injection inclined pipe 11, the seeds which can not be captured by the seed metering disc in the seed filling section 4 can flow back into the seed box unit through the first U-shaped pipe 8, the vertical straight pipe 9 and the second U-shaped pipe 10 in sequence. For the captured seeds, when the seed metering disc rotates to the emission position (the position where the seed ladle 14 is aligned with the emission pipe 6), high-pressure air provided by the high-pressure air source enters the seed ladle 14 through the high-pressure air connector 30 and the high-pressure air step 23, and the seeds in the seed ladle 14 are blown into the emission pipe 6 and are emitted.
When the initial speed of the seeds does not meet the sowing penetration requirement, after the seeds are ejected from the seed spoon 14, the seeds continue to move in the transmitting tube 6 under the actions of inertia and injection suction, and when the seeds pass through the first accelerating inclined tube 7, the seeds are accelerated again by introducing high-pressure air into the first accelerating inclined tube 7, so that the seed ejecting speed is increased until the initial speed requirement is met, and then the seeds are ejected.
Compared with the prior art, (1) the seed box unit and the seed plate unit 5 adopt a separated design, and the seed plate unit 5 can be replaced according to the sizes of seeds aiming at seeds with different sizes, so that the applicability of the seed metering device is improved; in the prior art, the seed box 1 and the seed metering disc are designed in a semi-embedded manner, and the seed metering disc unit 5 cannot be replaced according to the size of seeds, so that seeds with a single size can be sown. (2) The invention can adjust the angle of the emitting tube 6 by using the emitting tube support arm 46, thereby adjusting the emitting angle of the seeds. The emitting tube 6 of the existing seed metering device is vertical to the bottom surface, and the emitting angle of seeds cannot be adjusted. (3) According to the invention, the first accelerating inclined tube 7 is arranged on the transmitting tube 6, so that the seeds can be secondarily accelerated, and the seeds can penetrate deeper soil layers. The seed metering device in the prior art mostly adopts gravity seed dropping, and the seed penetration depth is lower.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for seeding and refluxing nut seeds, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a seed metering process, a reflux process and a seed emission process are carried out by utilizing the seed metering disc unit;
the process of utilizing the seed metering disc unit to perform seed metering comprises the following steps: the seeds are fed to the vicinity of the seed plate unit, a gas distribution plate is embedded in the seed plate unit, a negative pressure capturing area in the gas distribution plate provides negative pressure for a seed spoon of the seed plate, and the seed plate captures the nearby seeds under the action of the negative pressure, so that the seeds fall into the seed spoon;
the seed metering disc of the seed metering disc unit continues to run, the seed spoon is transported at a certain angle, and the seed spoon on the seed metering disc rotates to a transmitting position to transmit seeds;
the seed plate unit comprises a seed plate, a gas distribution shaft and a negative pressure joint; the inside of the seed metering disc is provided with a cavity, the seed metering disc further comprises an outer annular surface, an inner annular surface, a first disc surface and a second disc surface which are all annular, a first cover plate is arranged at the first disc surface of the seed metering disc, and the second disc surface of the seed metering disc is in an opening shape;
The air distribution plate is arranged in the cavity of the seed metering plate, and the outer annular surface of the air distribution plate is attached to the inner annular surface of the seed metering plate; the center of the first cover plate of the seed metering disc and the center of the air distribution disc are respectively provided with a center hole, and the air distribution shaft penetrates through the center holes; the air distribution disc comprises a negative pressure capturing area and a normal pressure area;
one end of the air distribution shaft is an open end, the other end of the air distribution shaft is a closed end, the open end of the air distribution shaft is connected with the negative pressure joint, a plurality of ventilation grooves are formed in the air distribution shaft, and the air distribution shaft is communicated with a negative pressure capturing area of the air distribution disc through the ventilation grooves;
the air distribution disc comprises a disc body, a shaft hole step, a second cover plate, an adjusting partition plate, a fixed partition plate, a high-pressure air step and a high-pressure air connector;
the tray body is nested in the cavity of the seed metering tray, and the outer annular surface of the tray body is attached to the inner annular surface of the seed metering tray; the shaft hole step is arranged at the center of the disc body, a central hole is formed in the second cover plate, and the central hole is attached to the outer shaft surface of the shaft hole step; the air distribution shaft penetrates through the shaft hole step and a central hole on the second cover plate;
the shaft hole step is provided with a plurality of through grooves and a plurality of non-through grooves, the through grooves are corresponding to the positions of the ventilation grooves on the air distribution shaft and are communicated with each other, the adjusting partition plate and the fixing partition plate are arranged on the tray body, one end of the adjusting partition plate is inserted into the non-through grooves, and one end of the fixing partition plate is fixed on the shaft hole step; the other end of the fixed partition plate is connected with the high-pressure air step, and the outlet end of the high-pressure air step is one end far away from the fixed partition plate; the sum of the length of the fixed partition plate and the length of the high-pressure gas step is equal to the length of the adjusting partition plate;
The adjusting partition plate is used as the initial boundary of the negative pressure capturing area and the final boundary of the normal pressure area to be inserted into the non-through groove on the shaft hole step, and the high-pressure gas step is connected with the fixed partition plate and jointly forms the final boundary of the negative pressure capturing area and the initial boundary of the normal pressure area; the area surrounded by the second cover plate, the plate body of the air distribution plate and the inner ring surface of the seed metering plate comprises the negative pressure capturing area and the normal pressure area;
the second cover plate is provided with a high-pressure gas joint hole, the high-pressure gas joint penetrates through the high-pressure gas joint hole and is communicated with the high-pressure gas step, and the seed metering disc is rotated to align the seed spoon with the outlet end of the high-pressure gas step.
2. The nut seed metering and reflow method of claim 1, wherein the seed launching process is: when the seed spoon rotates to a position aligned with the emission pipe, the seeds in the seed spoon are emitted by high-pressure air provided by a high-pressure air step on the air distribution disc.
3. The nut seed metering and returning method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said emitter tube is provided with a first acceleration chute when the initial seed emission speed is insufficient for penetration; the first accelerating inclined tube is communicated with a first-stage high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and used for accelerating seeds in the transmitting tube.
4. The nut seed metering and refluxing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein a second accelerating inclined tube is arranged below the first accelerating inclined tube, and is communicated with a secondary high-pressure air source arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the second accelerating inclined tube is used for accelerating seeds in the emitting tube again.
5. The nut seed metering and recirculating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the seeds do not fall into the seed scoop, they enter the recirculating section of the seed transporting unit and are returned to the seed box.
6. The nut seed metering and reflow method of claim 5, wherein the seed reflow process is: high-pressure high-speed air flow is introduced into the injection inclined pipe of the reflux section, flows out after passing through the second U-shaped pipe, and simultaneously seeds which are not captured by the seed metering disc in the seed filling section of the seed conveying unit sequentially enter the first U-shaped pipe, the vertical straight pipe and the second U-shaped pipe so as to reflux into the seed metering box.
7. The nut seed metering and recirculating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said negative pressure capturing zone establishes a negative pressure and captures seeds by:
Starting a negative pressure machine, wherein the negative pressure machine vacuumizes a negative pressure capturing area through a negative pressure joint, a plurality of ventilation grooves on a gas distribution shaft and a plurality of through grooves on a shaft hole step, so that the negative pressure capturing area forms certain negative pressure;
after the negative pressure capturing area establishes a certain negative pressure, external air enters the seed spoon through the air leakage hole on the seed filling section, then enters the negative pressure capturing area through the seed spoon and the first air hole, and the external air enters the negative pressure capturing area to push seeds into the seed spoon from the seed filling section, so that the seeds are fixed in the seed spoon corresponding to the negative pressure capturing area due to the negative pressure adsorption effect.
8. The nut seed sowing and reflow method as in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein when the firing angle of the firing tube needs to be adjusted, the firing tube is rotated to a set angle by the supporting unit;
the supporting unit comprises a triangular bracket, a transmitting pipe support arm and a transmitting pipe clamp; the triangular bracket is fixedly connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the triangular bracket is hinged with a gas distribution shaft of the seed metering disc unit; one end of the transmitting tube support arm is hinged with the air distribution shaft, the other end of the transmitting tube support arm is fixedly connected with the transmitting tube clamp, and the transmitting tube clamp is used for installing the transmitting tube.
9. The nut seed metering and refluxing method as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the emission angle of the emission tube is required to be adjusted, the emission tube support arm is rotated, the emission tube support arm drives the air distribution shaft of the seed metering disc unit to rotate, and the air distribution shaft drives the seed metering disc to synchronously rotate;
When the seed metering disc rotates, the area of the negative pressure capturing area is adjusted to correspond to the position of the seed filling section of the seed conveying unit.
10. The nut seed metering and returning method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the rotation of the seed metering disc is driven by the driving unit;
the driving unit comprises an engine, a driving wheel and a belt, the engine is mounted on the triangular bracket, the driving wheel is directly mounted on an output shaft of the engine, and the driving wheel and the seed metering disc are driven by the belt to drive the seed metering disc to rotate.
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| CN115250681B true CN115250681B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003904353A0 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2003-08-28 | Holly, John | Seed distribution method and apparatus |
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| CN102090187A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-06-15 | 董臣 | Precise high-speed adjustable multifunctional seed-metering device |
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| CN115250681A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
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