CN115246767A - Synthesis method of spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphonite compound thereof - Google Patents

Synthesis method of spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphonite compound thereof Download PDF

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CN115246767A
CN115246767A CN202110452082.3A CN202110452082A CN115246767A CN 115246767 A CN115246767 A CN 115246767A CN 202110452082 A CN202110452082 A CN 202110452082A CN 115246767 A CN115246767 A CN 115246767A
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diphenol
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张润通
彭江华
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Huizhou Kailisi Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a synthesis method of a spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance skeleton 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol and a phosphonite compound thereof. The method uses 3-methoxybenzaldehyde or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting raw materials, and obtains racemic spirodiphenol with large steric hindrance after aldol condensation, bromination, hydrogenation reduction, cyclodehydration, debromination and alkylation reactions, or obtains optically pure spirodiphenol with large steric hindrance after resolution or chiral catalysis, and obtains spiro diphosphonite compound after the spirodiphenol is esterified. The spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and the diphosphonite compound thereof have structures shown as general formulas I and II, wherein a substituent R in the general formula II can be a cyclic phosphine structure.

Description

Synthesis method of spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphonite compound thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a synthesis method of a spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance skeleton 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol and a diphosphonite compound thereof.
Background
The axisymmetric organic compound is always a research hotspot in the field of asymmetric catalysis, and the axisymmetric compound has wide application in the fields of biological medicine, industrial catalysis, functional materials and the like. Biaryl ligands such as BINOL and BINAP which have been successfully commercialized recently have been widely used.
Figure BDA0003039182490000011
In 1992, kumar et al successfully applied optically pure cis, cis-spiro [4,4] -1, 6-nonanediol-modified lithium aluminum hydride to asymmetric reduction of ketones, and achieved excellent enantioselectivity (ee up to 98%). This is the first report on the study of the catalytic properties of chiral spiro ligands. In 1996, keay et al successfully used the same chiral diol as a chiral prosthetic group to modify acryloyl chloride in the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene. Subsequently, chenxin et al designed and synthesized different types of bidentate phosphonite ligands on the basis of the framework and studied their application in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions.
In 1999 Birman et al, starting from acetone and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, reacted in six steps to give racemic spiroindandiol ((. + -.) -SPINOL). The diastereomers of the diphenols and menthyl chloroformate may be separated by column chromatography to provide optically pure (R) - (+) -SPINOL and (S) - (-) -SPINOL. Similar synthetic routes and resolution methods are also reported in US20130135574A1, CN 1055003542A. On the basis, zhongqi et al of the university of Nankai reported more practical resolution methods in 2002, and they utilized the feature that benzyl cinchonidine chloride and one of the enantiomers is easy to form inclusion complex, and the optically pure spiroindane diphenol can be obtained by simple steps of refluxing, cooling, crystallizing, filtering, acidifying and the like. Bin 2016 reported asymmetric synthesis of SPINOL catalyzed by chiral phosphonic acid directly from 1, 5-bis (5-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3-pentanone via one-step cyclodehydration to (S) -4,4' -dimethyl-7, 7' -dihydroxy-1, 1' -spiroindane (97% yield, 90% ee value). It is worth mentioning that the ligand used by them is a phosphonic acid with a chiral SPINOL backbone. In addition, CN109761774A studied a method from Friedel-crafts cyclization of 1, 5-bis (3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone to racemic SPINOL, which is the first report that the synthesis of 1,1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol can be performed by cyclization without occupying group at hydroxyl para position.
The zhongchinin group chiral ligand based on a spiro-ring framework has achieved great success in the field of asymmetric catalysis, so that spiro-ring ligands are developed into an important class of ligands within a few decades, and the ligands of the zhongchinin group chiral ligand are based on the spiro-indane framework basically. However, compared with the development of axial chiral ligands, the spiro backbone ligands are insufficient in both number and application, and one important reason is that the synthesis of spiro backbone is difficult. Moreover, few examples have been reported for the modification of the SPINOL backbone with bulky steric groups and the synthesis of its bisphosphinite ligands. Therefore, the development of a novel spiro skeleton with large steric hindrance and a diphosphonite ligand thereof has profound significance and very high research value.
The method for preparing the novel spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and the diphosphonite ligand thereof, which is developed by the invention, has the characteristics of easy synthesis, suitability for large-scale synthesis, industrialized process synthesis route, simple process route, high yield, capability of recycling raw materials and the like. In addition, the novel spiro bisphosphinite ligand (racemate) can be used for catalyzing carbonylation of olefin, and the chiral compound of the novel ligand can be used for catalyzing asymmetric reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a large steric hindrance spirocyclic diphenol and a diphosphonite compound thereof.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by that the structure of the large steric hindrance spirocyclic diphenol and the diphosphonite compound thereof is shown as the general formulas I and II:
Figure BDA0003039182490000031
wherein, the structure of the general formula II and the derivative thereof is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0003039182490000041
another objective of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for synthesizing a spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and a diphosphonite compound thereof, where the spiro diphosphonite compound is obtained by reacting a 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol compound serving as a raw material with chlorophosphite containing an aryl or cyclic aryl structure under the action of an organic solvent and n-butyl lithium or triethylamine; the spiro bisphosphinite ligand is one of L1-L31.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention discloses two synthetic routes, which are respectively from 3-methoxybenzaldehyde or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and are subjected to aldol condensation, hydrogenation reduction, bromination, dehydration cyclization, debromination, demethylation and alkylation to obtain tert-butyl substituted spirocyclic diphenol, and then the spirocyclic diphosphonite ligand is obtained by esterification reaction with chlorophosphinite.
Specifically, the synthesis method of the present invention is specifically described as follows:
in some embodiments, 3-methoxybenzaldehyde reacts with acetone to produce 1, 5-bis (3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one via aldol condensation, followed by halogenation with bromine or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to produce 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one;
in some embodiments, the halogenation of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with bromine or NBS provides 2-bromo-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which is then subjected to aldol condensation with acetone to provide 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one.
In some embodiments, bromination of 1, 5-bis (3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one with bromine or NBS affords 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one.
In some embodiments, the condensation reaction of 3-methoxybenzaldehyde or 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with acetone is carried out in a solvent after mixing in the presence of a base.
In some more preferred embodiments, the base is any one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide; the dosage of the alkali is 1.5 to 10 equivalents, the solvent is ethanol, water or a mixed solvent thereof, the proportion of the mixed solvent is between 50 and 90 ℃, and the reaction temperature is 20 to 75 ℃.
In some embodiments, in the halogenation reaction, the amount of bromine or NBS is 1 to 10 equivalents, the amount of pyridine is 2 to 20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-20 to 40 ℃, the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane and the like.
In some embodiments, 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one or 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one is subjected to hydrogenation reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond under catalysis of a metal catalyst to give 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-pentanone or 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone.
In some embodiments, the reduction catalyst is used in an amount of 1 to 20% (w/w), a hydrogen pressure of 0.05 to 5MPa, a reaction temperature of 20 to 50 ℃, and a reaction time of 24 to 72 hours. The reaction solvent is any one of ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or 1, 4-dioxane.
In some embodiments, 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-pentanone or 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone is cyclized under the action of a dehydrating agent to give 4,4 '-dibromo-7, 7' -dimethoxy-1, 1 '-spiroindane or 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7 '-dihydroxy-1, 1' -spiroindane.
In some embodiments, the dehydrating agent is any one of polyphosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, anhydrous aluminum trichloride. The reaction solvent is any one of toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane. The dosage of the dehydrating agent is 5 to 50 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 30 to 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 1 to 4 hours.
In some embodiments, the 4,4 '-dibromo-7, 7' -dimethoxy-1, 1 '-spiroindane or the 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7 '-dihydroxy-1, 1' -spiroindane is debrominated by the action of palladium on carbon or n-butyllithium, respectively, to give 7,7 '-dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane or 1,1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol.
In some embodiments, when the starting material is 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane, the amount of n-butyllithium is 2.5 to 10 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 5 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5 to 5 hours; when the raw material is 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dihydroxy-1, 1' -spiroindane, the content of the metal catalyst palladium carbon is 5 percent or more, the using amount of the catalyst is 5 to 10 percent (w/w), the hydrogen pressure is 0.1 to 5MPa, the reaction temperature is 25 to 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours; the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, etc.
In some embodiments, the 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane is deprotected to the methyl protecting group by the action of a demethylating agent to give 1,1' -spiroindane-7, 7' -diol.
In some embodiments, the demethylating agent is any of boron tribromide, hydrobromic acid, aluminum trichloride, pyridine hydrochloride, sodium ethanethiol; the dosage of the demethylating reagent is 2.0 to 5 equivalent, the reaction temperature is-78 to 25 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane.
In some embodiments, alkylation of 1,1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol with t-butanol under Lewis acid catalysis affords 4,4', 6' -tetra-t-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol.
In some embodiments, the protic or lewis acid used in the alkylation reaction is one or more of an organic acid or an inorganic acid, such as: formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as: the alkylating agent such as hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphonic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, chromic acid, fluorine antimony sulfonic acid, fluorine antimonic acid, etc. is any one of bromo-tert-butane, chloro-tert-butane, isobutene, tert-butanol; the reaction temperature is 50-110 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
In some embodiments, 4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol is reacted with n-butyllithium to obtain a lithiated reaction solution; and reacting the reaction liquid after lithiation with chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structure to obtain the spiro diphosphonite compound with large steric hindrance.
In some embodiments, 4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol is reacted with a mixed solution of chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structure and an acid-binding agent to give the large sterically hindered spirodiphosphonite compound.
In some embodiments, in the esterification reaction, the amount of N-butyllithium is 2 to 4 equivalents, the acid-binding agent is any one of triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine, and pyridine, the amount is 5 to 20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 80 ℃, the reaction time is 12 to 48 hours, and the reaction solvent is any one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, or 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 1: preparation of 2-bromo-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2')
Figure BDA0003039182490000081
A2L double-necked flask was charged with 1' (100g, 819mmol) followed by dichloromethane (1.0L). Bromine (42mL, 819mmol) was added to a dropper funnel containing 800mL of dichloromethane, and the reaction suspension was added dropwise at room temperature. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was stirred for 1.5 hours, and then filtered with a sand-core funnel, and the filter cake was dried with hexane and further dried under reduced pressure overnight to obtain 91.7g of a white solid, noneIt was used as is with a yield of 56% after further purification. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝5.75(br.s,1H),7.00(dd,1H),7.42(d,1H),7.50(d,1H),10.27(s,H)。
Example 2: preparation of 1, 5-bis (3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one (2)
Figure BDA0003039182490000082
1 (10.0 g,73.4 mmol), acetone (2.70ml, 36.8 mmol) and 50ml ethanol were added to a 200ml two-necked bottle and a mixed solution was formed. Subsequently, the mixed solution was transferred to a 200ml dropping funnel, and 150ml of an aqueous ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide (7.5g NaOH, etOH-H) was slowly dropped 2 O: 50%). After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and the organic phase was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and subjected to flash column chromatography to obtain 6.66g of a target product in the form of yellow oil, which was then allowed to stand for solidification with a yield of 62%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝3.83(s,6H),6.97(dd,2H),7.07(d,2H),7.14(m,2H),7.22(br.d,2H),7.34(t,2H),7.71(d,2H)。
Example 3: preparation of 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one (3')
Figure BDA0003039182490000091
In a 500ml two-necked flask, 1 (50.0 g,248.8 mmol), acetone (9.2 ml,124.4 mmol) and 250ml of ethanol were added to form a mixed solution. Subsequently, the mixed solution was transferred to a 500ml dropping funnel, and 800ml of an aqueous ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide (38.0 g of NaOH, etOH-H) was slowly dropped 2 O: 50%). After the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and the organic phase was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and subjected to flash column chromatography to obtain 27.1g of a target product as a pale yellow oil, which was then allowed to stand for solidification with a yield of 51.7%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ＝6.58(m,4H),6.86(d,2H),7.32(d,2H),8.09(d,2H),9.45(br.s,2H)。
Example 4: preparation of 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadien-3-one (3)
Figure BDA0003039182490000092
In a 500ml round-bottomed flask, 2 (10.0 g) was dissolved in 50ml of a methylene chloride solution, pyridine (10ml, 120mmol) was added, and the mixture was cooled to-10 ℃. Then, a solution of bromine in dichloromethane (10% v/v,44ml, 86mmol) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. Adding NaHSO into the mixed solution 3 The aqueous solution was freed of excess bromine, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Spin-dry under reduced pressure to give 14.8g of a pale yellow oil, yield 95%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.74(t,4H),2.96(t,4H),3.81(s,6H),6.63(dd,2H),6.78(d,2H),7.39(d,2H)。
Example 5: preparation of 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-pentanone or 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone (4) or (4')
Figure BDA0003039182490000101
In a 200ml round-bottomed flask, 3 or 3' (5.0 g,17.0 mmol), 70ml of acetone and 20g of Raney nickel were added in this order. Then, a hydrogen balloon was inserted and the reaction was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere, and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. When the starting material disappeared (reaction about 1 day), the catalyst was filtered off, washed with acetone and the filtrate was dried under reduced pressure to give colorless oil 4 (4.93 g, yield 97%) or 4' (4.82 g, yield 95%). 4: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.71(t,4H),2.86(t,4H),3.78(s,6H),6.73(m,4H),7.19(t,2H)；4’: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.78-2.80(m,4H),6.60-6.63(m,4H),7.38(d,2H),9.29(s,2H)。
example 6: preparation of 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane or 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dihydroxy-1, 1' -spiroindane (5) or (5 ')
Figure BDA0003039182490000102
Figure BDA0003039182490000111
In a 500ml round-bottomed flask, 4 or 4' (32.0 g,74.7 mmol), 260g of polyphosphoric acid were sequentially added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 60 ℃ for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, washing with water, extracting an organic phase with ethyl acetate, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing rotary drying under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and separating by flash column chromatography. Recrystallization from n-hexane gave the desired product 5 (22.8 g, 67% yield) or 5' (26.9 g, 75% yield). And 76 percent. 5: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.16(m,2H),2.31(m,2H),2.96(m,2H),3.05(m,2H),3.52(s,6H),6.52(d,2H),7.26(d,2H)；5’: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.14(m,2H),2.27(m,2H),3.11-3.16(m,4H),6.55(d,2H),7.15(d,2H),9.68(d,2H)；
example 7: preparation of 7,7 '-dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane (6)
Figure BDA0003039182490000112
5 (2.5 g,5.5 mmol) and 60ml of tetrahydrofuran were charged into a dry 200ml Schlenk flask, the reaction flask was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, and after cooling the reaction mixture to-78 ℃, 2.5M n-butyllithium (9.0ml, 4,0eq) was added dropwise. After 1 hour of reaction, the reaction was quenched by addition of 2.5ml ethanol, washed with water, the organic phase was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, spin dried under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was recrystallized from n-hexane to give 1.5g, yield 93%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.16(m,2H),2.32(m,2H),2.99(m,2H),3.03(m,2H),3.52(s,6H),6.62(d,2H),6.85(d,2H),7.12(t,2H)；
Example 8: preparation of 1,1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol (7)
Figure BDA0003039182490000121
In a 1L round bottom flask, 5' (24g, 58.5 mmol), 160ml of ethyl acetate, 50ml of deionized water, 160ml (1.16 mol) of triethylamine and 2.3g of catalyst (10% Pd/C) were added in that order. Hydrogen balloon is inserted for reaction, and the reaction progress is detected by HPLC. After the reaction of the raw materials, the mixture was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was washed with 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. And collecting an organic phase after layering, drying the organic phase by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, performing flash column chromatography separation after decompression and spin-drying to obtain a white solid product 10.6g, wherein the yield is 72%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.19(m,2H),2.30(m,2H),3.03(m,4H),4.61(s,2H),6.68(d,2H),6.89(d,2H),7.17(t,2H)。
Example 9: preparation of 1,1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol (7)
Figure BDA0003039182490000122
6 (7.6 g,27.1 mmol) and 120ml of methylene chloride were charged into a dry 500ml Schlenk flask, the reaction flask was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, and after cooling the reaction solution to-78 ℃, a 1M solution of boron tribromide in methylene chloride (62.0 ml) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the reaction was allowed to return to room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with water, diluted with dichloromethane and the organic phase extracted, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, dried under reduced pressure and the crude product recrystallized from n-hexane to give the target product 6.0g, 85% yield. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.19(m,2H),2.30(m,2H),3.03(m,4H),4.61(s,2H),6.68(d,2H),6.89(d,2H),7.17(t,2H)。
Example 10: preparation of 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol (rac-SPINOL-t-Bu)
Figure BDA0003039182490000131
7 (70 g), t-butanol (125 g) and concentrated sulfuric acid (85 g) were sequentially added to a 2L three-necked flask. After the addition, the reaction flask was replaced with nitrogenThe reaction was heated to reflux for 24 hours under an atmosphere. And (3) carrying out reduced pressure spin-drying on the solvent, adding 400ml of water, extracting an organic phase by using ethyl acetate, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, carrying out reduced pressure spin-drying, and carrying out flash column chromatography on the residue to obtain 119g of a target product with the yield of 92%. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.37(d,36H),2.31(m,4H),3.04–3.27(m,4H),5.44(s,2H),7.09(s,2H)。
Example 10: preparation of 7,7 '-bis [ (1, 1' -biphenyl-2, 2 '-diyl) phosphonite ] -4,4',6 '-tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1' -spiroindane (L4)
Figure BDA0003039182490000132
In a dry 500ml Schlenk flask were added 3.2g (6.7 mmol) of 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol, anhydrous triethylamine (14.0 ml,100.5mmol, 15eq.) and 80ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran in this order under nitrogen protection. Then, after cooling the mixture to-40 ℃,1' -dioxyphosphine chloride (4.2g, 16.78mmol,2.5 equiv.) is added dropwise into 60ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution, after completion of the addition, the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 24 hours, the reaction solution is concentrated under nitrogen atmosphere, and after separation of crude product by flash column chromatography, the crude product is recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain 3.5g of the target product with a yield of 57%. 1 HNMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.42(d,36H),2.35(m,4H),3.18(m,4H),6.97–7.10(m,8H),7.15(s,2H),7.30(td,4H),7.68(dd,4H)； 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝142.67。
Example 11: preparation of asymmetric Spiro Biphosphonite ligand (rac-L33)
Figure BDA0003039182490000141
In a dry 500ml Schlenk flask, 3.2g (6.7 mmol) of 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol, anhydrous triethylamine (7.0 ml,50.3mmol,7.5 eq.) and 80ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in this order under nitrogen protection. Then, the mixture was cooled to-40 ℃ and then added dropwise to a solution of 3,3', 5' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-biphenyl-2, 2' -dioxyphosphonium chloride (3.8g, 8.0mmol, 1.2equiv.) in 60ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, after completion of the addition, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under nitrogen atmosphere, the crude product was separated by flash column chromatography and then recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain the target product rac-L32 (5.3 g, yield 87%).
In a dry 500ml Schlenk flask, rac-L27 (5.3 g, 5.8mmol) and 100ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in this order under nitrogen, and 2.5M n-butyllithium (2.3 ml,5.8mmol, 1.0eq.) was added dropwise at-20 ℃. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and refluxed for 1 hour. Then, the reaction mixture was dropped into 20ml of an anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution of 2-chloro-1, 3, 2-benzodioxophosphocyclohexan-4-one (1.4 g,7.0mmol, 1.2equiv.) at-40 ℃ and reacted at room temperature for 24 hours after dropping, the reaction mixture was concentrated under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography to obtain the desired product rac-L33 (2.6 g, yield 42%). 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.10–1.65(m,72H),2.07–2.49(m,4H),2.95–3.39(m,4H),6.89–7.59(m,9H),7.93(dd,1H)； 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝121.15,139.31。
Example 12: preparation of (R, R) -7,7 '-bis [ (1, 1' -biphenyl-2, 2 '-diyl) phosphonite ] -4,4',6 '-tetra-tert-butyl- (R) -1,1' -spiroindane ((R, R, R) -L17)
Figure BDA0003039182490000151
2.4g (5.0 mmol) of 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diol in the (R) configuration, anhydrous triethylamine (17.4 ml,125mmol, 25eq.) and 100ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran are added in succession to a dry 500ml Schlenk flask under nitrogen protection. Then, the mixture was cooled to-40 ℃, and then (R) - (1, 1 '-binaphthyl-2, 2' -dioxy) phosphine chloride (3.9g, 11.0mmol, 2.2equiv.) was added dropwise to a solution of 100ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, after completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was reacted at room temperature for 24 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under a nitrogen atmosphere, and after separation by flash column chromatography of the crude product, the crude product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain the target product (R, R) -L17 (4.0 g, yield 73%). 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.39(s,18H),1.45(s,18H),2.25–2.46(m,4H),3.22(m,4H),7.16(s,2H),7.24–7.46(m,16H),7.84(d,4H),7.89–7.99(d,4H)； 31 P NMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝142.72。
It is to be noted here that other spirocyclic bisphosphinite ligands of the general formula II, L1 to L31, can be prepared by using only different chlorophosphite substituent derivatives.

Claims (10)

1. A method for synthesizing a spiro diphenol skeleton with large steric hindrance and a diphosphonite compound thereof is characterized by comprising the following synthetic routes:
synthetic scheme 1：
Figure FDA0003039182480000011
Synthesis scheme 2：
Figure FDA0003039182480000012
The spiro diphosphonite compound can be a racemate containing a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure and can also be a compound containing optical activity or chirality, and R represents a chlorophosphinite containing biphenyl, methylenebisphenyl, binaphthyl, benzoate, o-phenyl or phenyl, naphthyl, aryl and the like, and has the following structure:
Figure FDA0003039182480000021
。
2. the method for synthesizing the spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: starting from 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, reacting with acetone to obtain 1, 5-bis (3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadiene-3-ketone through aldol condensation reaction, and then performing halogenation reaction on bromine or N-bromosuccinimide to obtain 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadiene-3-ketone; or starting from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, obtaining 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -1, 4-pentadiene-3-ketone through bromination and aldol condensation reaction.
The dosage of the bromine or the N-bromosuccinimide used in the halogenation reaction is 1 to 10 equivalents, the dosage of the pyridine is 2 to 20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-20 to 40 ℃, the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, dichloromethane and the like.
The alkali used in the aldol condensation reaction is any one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide; the dosage of the alkali is 1.5 to 10 equivalents, the reaction solvent is ethanol or water or a mixed solvent thereof, the proportion of the mixed solvent is between 50 and 90 ℃, and the reaction temperature is 20 to 75 ℃.
3. The method for synthesizing the bulky spirocyclic diphenol according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) hydrogenating and reducing the carbon-carbon double bond of the intermediate 3 or 3' under the action of a reduction catalyst to obtain 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-pentanone or 1, 5-bis (2-bromo-3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone.
The catalyst used in the reduction reaction is any one of raney nickel, ferric chloride, cobalt oxide or palladium carbon; the dosage of the catalyst is 1-20% (w/w), the hydrogen pressure is 0.05-5 MPa, the reaction temperature is 20-50 ℃, and the reaction time is 24-72 hours. The reaction solvent is any one of ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or 1, 4-dioxane.
4. The method for synthesizing the bulky spirocyclic diphenol according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the intermediate 4 or 4' is subjected to cyclization reaction under the action of a dehydrating agent to obtain 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane or 4,4' -dibromo-7, 7' -dihydroxy-1, 1' -spiroindane.
The dehydrating agent used in the reaction is any one of polyphosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and anhydrous aluminum trichloride. The reaction solvent is any one of toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane. The dosage of the dehydrating agent is 5 to 50 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 30 to 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 1 to 4 hours.
5. The method for synthesizing the spiro diphenol with large steric hindrance according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the intermediate 5 or 5' is subjected to debromination reaction under the action of palladium carbon or n-butyllithium respectively to obtain 7,7' -dimethoxy-1, 1' -spiroindane or 1,1' -spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol.
In the debromination reaction, the content of palladium carbon as a metal catalyst is 5 percent or more, the dosage of the catalyst is 5 to 10 percent (w/w), the hydrogen pressure is 0.1 to 5MPa, the reaction temperature is 25 to 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours; in the debromination reaction, the dosage of n-butyllithium is 2.5 to 10 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 5 ℃, the reaction time is 0.5 to 5 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and the like.
6. The method for synthesizing the bulky spirocyclic diphenol according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and removing the methyl protecting group from the intermediate 6 under the action of a demethylating reagent to obtain the 1,1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol. The demethylating reagent used in the reaction is any one of boron tribromide, hydrobromic acid, aluminum trichloride, pyridine hydrochloride and sodium ethyl mercaptide. The dosage of the demethylating reagent is 2.0 to 5 equivalent, the reaction temperature is-78 to 25 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane.
7. The method for synthesizing the bulky spirocyclic diphenol according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: under the catalysis of protonic acid or Lewis acid, tert-butyl alcohol is dehydrated to generate isobutene, isobutene and proton are added to generate tert-butyl carbonium ion, and the tert-butyl carbonium ion is further alkylated with a benzene ring on an intermediate 7 to obtain 4,4', 6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1 '-spiroindane-7, 7' -diphenol.
The protonic acid or Lewis acid used in the above reaction is one or more of organic acids or inorganic acids, such as: formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as: hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphonic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, chromic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, and the like; the alkylating reagent is any one of bromo-tert-butane, chloro-tert-butane, isobutene and tert-butanol; the reaction temperature is 50-110 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
8. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered spiro bisphosphinite compound according to claim 1, wherein:
sequentially adding the intermediate 8 and an organic solvent into the reaction container in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first mixed solution; or sequentially adding the intermediate 8 and an organic solvent into the reaction container in the nitrogen atmosphere, dropwise adding n-butyl lithium at low temperature, heating to room temperature after dropwise adding, and performing reflux reaction to obtain a lithiated first mixed solution;
and (2) dropwise adding an organic solution of biphenyl, methylene diphenyl, binaphthyl, benzoylate, o-phenyl or chlorophosphinite containing phenyl, naphthyl, aryl and the like or a mixed solution of the above listed chlorophosphinite and an acid-binding agent into the lithiated first mixed solution or the lithiated first mixed solution at low temperature, reacting at room temperature after dropwise adding, and concentrating to obtain the lithium iron phosphate.
In the esterification reaction, the dosage of N-butyl lithium is 2-4 equivalents, the acid-binding agent is any one of triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine and pyridine, the dosage is 5-20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78-80 ℃, the reaction time is 12-48 hours, and the reaction solvent is any one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, butyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether or 1, 4-dioxane.
9. The method for synthesizing the sterically hindered spiro bisphosphinite compound according to claim 8, wherein: the solvent for purifying the large steric hindrance spiro diphosphonite compound by recrystallization is any one or more of ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetonitrile, petroleum ether, n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran.
10. The process for the synthesis of the sterically hindered spirodiphenol and its bisphosphinite compounds according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that: the sterically hindered spirocyclic diphenol may be (+ -) -spirocyclic diphenol, (+) -spirocyclic diphenol or (-) -spirocyclic diphenol; the large steric hindrance spiro diphosphonite compound can be a (+/-) -spiro diphosphonite compound, a (+/-) -spiro diphosphonite or a (-) -spiro diphosphonite compound, and the chiral spirodiphenol compound can realize efficient resolution by adopting proline, menthyl chloroformate or a chiral phase transfer catalyst N-benzyl cinchonine chloride as a resolution reagent.
Figure FDA0003039182480000061
The complex of the racemic spiro diphosphonite compound and a transition metal precursor (such as Rh, pt, pd, ru, ir, and the like) can be used as a catalyst in a carbonylation reaction system of olefin, and comprises but is not limited to: hydroformylation reaction, hydroaminomethylation reaction and alkoxycarbonylation.
Complexes of the chiral spiro bisphosphinite compounds with transition metal precursors (e.g., rh, pt, pd, ru, ir, etc.) can be used to catalyze asymmetric reactions, including, but not limited to: the asymmetric reactions include hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrosilation, hydroboration, hydrohydroxylation, hydroamination, hydrocyanation, isomerizationformylation, hydrocarbamylation, transhydrogenationhydrogenation, allylation, olefin metathesis, cycloisomerization, diels-Alder, asymmetric coupling, aldol, michael addition, asymmetric epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [ m + n ] cyclization.
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Application publication date: 20221028