CN115385960A - Preparation method and application of oxaspiro compound with large steric hindrance - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of oxaspiro compound with large steric hindrance Download PDF

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CN115385960A
CN115385960A CN202110565725.5A CN202110565725A CN115385960A CN 115385960 A CN115385960 A CN 115385960A CN 202110565725 A CN202110565725 A CN 202110565725A CN 115385960 A CN115385960 A CN 115385960A
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oxaspiro
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张润通
马保德
彭江华
郑勇鹏
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Huizhou Kailisi Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a large steric hindrance oxaspiro compound, which is as follows: 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol and diphosphine compounds thereof. The method takes 3-methoxyphenol as a starting material and can carry out 7 steps of reactions, namely: nucleophilic substitution, oxidation, bromination, friedel-crafts cyclization, debromination, demethylation and alkylation; or through 4 (or 5) steps of reaction, namely: alkylation, nucleophilic substitution, (oxidation), friedel-crafts cyclization and demethylation reaction to obtain corresponding racemic oxaspiro diphenol, and esterification is carried out to obtain the high steric hindrance oxaspiro diphosphonite compound. The oxaspiro diphosphine compound has a structure shown as a general formula I, and a racemate thereof and transition goldThe formed ligand has excellent reactivity, selectivity and stability in olefin hydroformylation. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a hydroformylation reaction of the rhodium/oxaspiro diphosphine ligand by taking mixed C4 as a raw material to prepare valeraldehyde.

Description

Preparation method and application of oxaspiro compound with large steric hindrance
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oxaspiro diphenol skeleton 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol and a preparation method and application of diphosphonite compounds thereof.
Background
The axisymmetric organic compound is always a research hotspot in the field of asymmetric catalysis, and the axisymmetric compound has wide application in the fields of biological medicine, industrial catalysis, functional materials and the like. Biaryl ligands such as BINOL and BINAP which have been successfully commercialized recently have been widely used.
Figure BDA0003080925570000011
In 1999 Birman et al, starting from acetone and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, reacted in six steps to give racemic spiroindandiol ((. + -.) -SPINOL). The diastereomers of the diphenols and menthyl chloroformate may be separated by column chromatography to provide optically pure (R) - (+) -SPINOL and (S) - (-) -SPINOL. Similar synthetic routes and resolution methods are also reported in US20130135574A1, CN 1055003542A. On the basis, zhou Jilin and the like of the university of south Kekai report more practical resolution methods in 2002, and the optically pure spiroindane diphenol can be obtained by utilizing the characteristic that benzyl cinchonidine chloride and one enantiomer are easy to form an inclusion compound through simple steps of refluxing, cooling, crystallizing, filtering, acidifying and the like. 2016, tan Bin et al reported asymmetric synthesis of SPINOL catalyzed by chiral phosphonic acid, directly from 1,5-bis (5-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3-pentanone to (S) -4,4' -dimethyl-7,7 ' -dihydroxy-1,1 ' -spiroindane (yield 97%, ee value 90%). It is worth mentioning that the ligands used by them are phosphonic acids with a chiral SPINOL backbone. In addition, CN109761774A studied a Friedel-crafts cyclization from 1,5-bis (3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone to racemic SPINOL method, which is the first report on the cyclization synthesis of 1,1 '-spiroindene-7,7' -biphenol without a spacer at the para-hydroxyl position.
Hydroformylation has found a very large industrial application since its discovery in 1938 by professor Otto Roelen. The production and consumption of butyraldehyde by hydroformylation of propylene as a raw material and production of butanol and octanol (mainly used for producing dioctyl phthalate (DOP)) by condensation hydrogenation are the largest, and the domestic annual demand is over 300 million tons. Because DOP is small and volatile in molecular weight, the global trend is to use higher molecular weight, low volatility and more stable plasticizers based on environmental and health safety considerations. And 2-propylheptanol (2-PH) is prepared by condensation hydrogenation after hydroformylation of butene to produce valeraldehyde, and the DPHP plasticizer produced from 2-PH can well solve the worry of DOP in the aspects of environmental protection, health and safety. To date, the united states and countries of the european union have begun to replace DOP with DPHP, a trend that has begun to impact asian markets.
The mixed carbon four hydroformylation method is the most economical and direct route which is generally accepted in the production process of valeraldehyde reported at present. A catalytic system consisting of biphenyl diphosphonite type ligands (Biphephos) and rhodium developed by United states carbonization (Toho chemical) can effectively carry out hydroformylation reaction on 2-butene in mixed C4 and can obtain high normal-iso ratio. Bisphosphonite ligands such as those proposed in US4668651, US4769498, US4148830, CN86106770 and CN86106811 can be made up to a normality ratio of 26. Whereas the fourth generation bisphosphonite catalyzed hydroformylation production process based on Biphephos has been industrialized.
Bidentate and multidentate phosphonite/phosphoramidite ligands with biphenyl, binaphthyl and anthracene skeletons (e.g. Biphephos, anthraneetriol-based triphosphates) are widely reported and patented by foreign large chemical companies such as basf, dow chemical and winning and some research groups, while spiro bisphosphinite/phosphoramidite ligands are very rarely reported in hydroformylation reactions. In 2012, ding Kuilin et al reported that a series of spiroketal diphosphinimide ligands showed excellent conversion (90%) and normal to iso ratio (l/b = 174.4) in hydroformylation of 1-hexene and other terminal alkenes, but only conversion less than 15% in catalyzing hydroformylation of internal alkenes (e.g., trans-2-butene). Therefore, the development of a novel spiro diphosphine ligand with higher efficiency, selectivity and stability has important significance and industrial application value.
Figure BDA0003080925570000031
The novel preparation method of the high steric hindrance oxaspiro diphenol and the diphosphonite ligand thereof, which is developed by the invention, has the advantages of being capable of reacting from the initial raw material to the racemized O-SPINOL in four steps at the shortest time, being easy to synthesize, suitable for amplified synthesis, free of expensive reagents and metal catalysts, capable of realizing industrialization and the like. The method has the characteristics of simple process route, high yield, avoidance of violent and dangerous experimental conditions, and recycling of reagents and raw materials. In addition, the novel high-steric-hindrance oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand (racemate) can be used for catalyzing hydroformylation reaction which takes cheap ether late carbon four or MTO carbon four as raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a large-steric-hindrance oxaspiro-ring compound.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by that the structure of the large steric hindrance oxaspiro diphenol and diphosphonite compound thereof is shown as the general formula I:
Figure BDA0003080925570000032
wherein, the structure of the general formula I and the derivative thereof is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0003080925570000041
the oxaspiro diphosphonite compound is prepared by reacting 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol serving as a raw material with chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structure under the action of an organic solvent and n-butyl lithium or triethylamine; the oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand is one of L1-L31.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a batch olefin pilot plant used in comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 2, of the ligand Compound L4 of the present invention 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ) A schematic diagram;
FIG. 3, of the ligand Compound L4 of the present invention 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ) Schematic representation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention discloses a synthetic route of three kinds of oxaspiro compounds with large steric hindrance, which is characterized in that 3-methoxyphenol is used for reacting for 4 to 7 steps to obtain oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance, and the oxaspiro diphenol and chlorophosphites are subjected to esterification reaction to obtain an oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand.
Specifically, the synthesis method of the present invention is specifically described as follows:
in some embodiments, 3-methoxyphenol undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol to give 1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propanol (2); under the catalysis of protonic acid or Lewis acid, isobutene and protons are added to generate tert-butyl carbonium ions, and the tert-butyl carbonium ions are further subjected to alkylation reaction with a benzene ring on 3-methoxyphenol to obtain 2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenol (2 a or 2 c); 2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenol and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 2,2-bis (chloromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propanol (3 a) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propyldioxolane (3 c).
In some embodiments, the nucleophilic substitution reaction using a halogenating agent other than 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 2,2-bis (chloromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane can also be: 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, 1,3-dibromo-2-propanol, 1,3-diiodo-2-propanol, epichlorohydrin; or 2,2-bis (fluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-bis (bromomethyl) -1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-bis (iodomethyl) -1,3-dioxolane.
In some embodiments, the protic or lewis acid used in the alkylation reaction is one or more of an organic acid or an inorganic acid, such as: formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as: hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphonic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, chromic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, and the like; the alkylating reagent is any one of bromo-tert-butane, chloro-tert-butane, isobutene and tert-butanol; the reaction temperature is 80-140 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
In some embodiments, catalytic oxidation of intermediate 2 or 3a with chromium trioxide affords 1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (3) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (4 a).
In some embodiments, the metal oxide used for the oxidation reaction is any one of chromium trioxide, chromic acid, potassium dichromate, and sodium dichromate; the acid solution can be any one of concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphonic acid, hexafluorophosphonic acid, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, glacial acetic acid and peroxyacetic acid; the dosage of the metal oxide is 0.05 to 1 equivalent, the reaction solvent is acetone or water or a mixed solvent thereof, the proportion of the mixed solvent is between 50 and 70, and the reaction temperature is between 25 and 45 ℃.
In some more preferred embodiments, intermediate 3 is halogenated with bromine or N-bromosuccinimide to provide 1,5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (4); under the action of a dehydrating agent, the intermediate 4 or 4a or 3c is subjected to Friedel-crafts cyclization to obtain 4,4' -dibromo-7,7 ' -dimethoxy-1,1 ' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (5) or 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-7,7 ' -dimethoxy-1,1 ' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (5 a or 4 c).
In some embodiments, the amount of bromine or N-bromosuccinimide used in the halogenation reaction is 1 to 10 equivalents, pyridine is 2 to 20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-20 to 40 ℃, the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dichloromethane, and the like.
In some embodiments, the dehydrating agent used in the friedel-crafts cyclization reaction is any one of polyphosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and anhydrous aluminum trichloride. The reaction solvent is any one of toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane. The dosage of the dehydrating agent is 10 to 70 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 45 to 135 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 to 6 hours.
In some embodiments, intermediate 4 or 4a is cyclized under the action of a dehydrating agent to give 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spiroindane-7,7' -biphenol (5) or 4,4 '-dimethoxy-6,6' -di-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spiroindane-7,7' -biphenol (5 a).
In some embodiments, the dehydrating agent is any one of polyphosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, anhydrous aluminum trichloride. The reaction solvent is any one of toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane. The dosage of the dehydrating agent is 10 to 70 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 45 to 135 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 to 6 hours.
In some embodiments, intermediate 5 is debrominated with n-butyllithium to provide 7,7 '-dimethoxy-1,1' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (6), intermediate 6 or 5a or 4c is deprotected from the methyl group with a demethylating agent to provide 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (7) or 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol ((rac) -O-SPINOL), and intermediate 7 is alkylated with isobutylene to provide racemic sterically hindered (rac) -O-SPINOL.
In some embodiments, the n-butyllithium is used in an amount of 2.5 to 10 equivalents in the debromination reaction, the reaction temperature is-78 to 5 ℃, the reaction time is 0.5 to 5 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, and the like.
In some embodiments, the demethylating agent is any of boron tribromide, hydrobromic acid, aluminum trichloride, pyridine hydrochloride, sodium ethanethiol. The dosage of the demethylating reagent is 2.0 to 5 equivalent, the reaction temperature is-78 to 25 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane.
In some embodiments, (rac) -O-SPINOL is reacted with n-butyllithium to obtain a lithiated reaction solution; and reacting the reaction liquid after lithiation with chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structure to obtain the high-steric-hindrance oxaspiro diphosphonite compound.
In some embodiments, (rac) -O-SPINOL is reacted with a mixed solution of chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structures and an acid-binding agent to give the highly hindered oxaspiro bisphosphonite compound.
In some embodiments, n-butyllithium is used in an amount of 2 to 4 equivalents in the esterification reaction; the acid binding agent is any one of triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine and pyridine, and the dosage is 5-20 equivalent; the reaction temperature is-78-80 ℃, the reaction time is 12-48 hours, and the reaction solvent is any one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, butyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether or 1,4-dioxane.
Example 1: preparation (2) of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenol
Figure BDA0003080925570000081
A2L two-necked flask was charged with 1a (30.0 g, 241).7 mmol), the reaction flask was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, and 200ml of tetrahydrofuran and concentrated sulfuric acid (3.9 g) were added thereto at 25 ℃. Isobutene under 1.5 atmospheres is continuously introduced, and the reaction is continued for 12 hours by heating to 100 ℃. After the reaction solution was quenched with water, 300ml of water was added and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then dried by rotary drying under reduced pressure to obtain a pale yellow solid (54.8 g) in a yield of 96%. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.39(s,9H),1.44(s,9H),3.84(s,3H),6.32(s,1H),6.72(s,1H),7.17(s,1H)。
Example 2: preparation of 1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propanol (2), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propanol (3 a) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propyldioxolane (3 c)
Figure BDA0003080925570000091
A5L two-necked flask was charged with 1 or 2a or 2c (100 g), 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 2,2-bis (chloromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane, potassium carbonate and dimethylformamide. The reaction was continued at 140 ℃ for 10 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and rotary-dried under reduced pressure to give the desired product 2 (74.8 g), or 3a (64.9 g), or 3c (62.8 g) in corresponding yields of 61%, 58%, and 52%.2: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝3.54(d,1H),3.78(s,6H),4.04–4.17(m,4H),4.31(m,1H),6.42(t,2H),6.62(m,2H),6.80(m,2H),7.19(t,2H)；3a: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.37(d,36H),3.28(d,1H),3.81(s,6H),4.03–4.18(m,4H),4.27(m,1H),6.49(s,2H),7.27(s,2H)；3c: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.38(d,36H),3.84(s,6H),3.92(s,4H),4.41(s,4H),6.43(s,2H),7.25(s,2H)。
example 3: preparation of 1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (3) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (4 a)
Figure BDA0003080925570000101
In 500mlThe round-bottomed bottle of (2) or (3 a) (30.0 g), chromium trioxide (9.0 g), concentrated sulfuric acid (7.5 ml) and 200ml of acetone were added. After stirring well, the reaction was continued at room temperature for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and rotary-dried under reduced pressure to give the desired product 3 (25.8 g) or 4a (27.3 g) in 87% or 91% yield. 3: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝3.78(s,6H),4.97(s,4H),6.50(t,2H),6.70(m,2H),6.80(m,2H),7.20(t,2H)；4a: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.38(s,18H),1.42(s,18H),3.84(s,6H),4.99(s,4H),6.50(s,2H),7.27(s,2H)。
example 4: 8978 preparation of zxft 8978-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (4)
Figure BDA0003080925570000102
3 (20.0 g, 66.2mmol) was added to a 500ml two-necked flask, followed by dichloromethane (200 ml). After stirring the mixture uniformly, a 2.0mol/L solution of bromine in methylene chloride (40ml, 79.4 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. Stirring and reacting for 4 hours after the dropwise adding is finished, filtering the reaction solution, drying the reaction solution by anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing reduced pressure spin drying to obtain a crude product, and performing flash column chromatography to obtain a target product 21.9g with the yield of 72%. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝3.81(s,6H),5.02(s,4H),6.53(dd,2H),6.77(d,2H),7.52(d,2H)。
Example 5: preparation of 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spiroindane-7,7' -biphenol (5) or 4,4 '-dimethoxy-6,6' -di-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spiroindane-7,7' -biphenol (5 a or 4 c)
Figure BDA0003080925570000111
In a 500ml round bottom flask, 4 (20.0g, 43.5mmol), or 4a (20.0g, 38.0mmol) or 3c (20.0g, 35.0mmol) in this order, polyphosphoric acid and methanol were added, and the mixture was heated at 60 ℃ for stirring for 6 hours. After the reaction is finished, washing with water, extracting an organic phase with ethyl acetate, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing reduced pressure rotary drying to obtain a crude product, and performing rapid dryingAnd (5) performing column chromatography separation. Recrystallization from n-hexane gave the desired product 5 (13.7 g) or 5a (12.6 g) or 4c (10.1 g) in 71%, 65% and 57% yields. 5: 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ) δ =3.82 (s, 6H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 4.66 (d, 2H), 6.58 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H); 5a or 4c: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.39(s,18H),1.42(s,18H),3.77(s,6H),4.46(d,2H),4.61(d,2H),7.28(s,2H)。
example 6: preparation of 7,7 '-dimethoxy-1,1' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (6)
Figure BDA0003080925570000121
5 (5.0 g,11.3 mmol) and 80ml of tetrahydrofuran were charged into a dry 250ml Schlenk flask, the reaction flask was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, and after cooling the reaction solution to-78 ℃, 2.5M n-butyllithium (18.1ml, 4.0 eq) was added dropwise. After 1 hour of reaction, the reaction was quenched by addition of 6.0ml ethanol, washed with water, the organic phase was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, spin-dried under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was recrystallized from n-hexane to give 3.1g of product in 95% yield. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝3.80(s,6H),4.45(d,2H),4.62(d,2H),6.64–6.74(dd,4H),7.07(t,2H)。
Example 7: preparation of 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (7) or 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol ((rac) -O-SPINOL)
Figure BDA0003080925570000122
6 (5.0 g,17.6 mmol) or 5a (or 4 c) (5.0 g,9.8 mmol) and 100ml of methylene chloride were charged into a dry 500ml Schlenk bottle, the reaction bottle was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, the reaction solution was cooled to-78 ℃ and then a 2.0mol/L solution of boron tribromide in methylene chloride was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the reaction was allowed to come to room temperature overnight. Quenching the reaction with water, diluting with dichloromethane, extracting organic phase, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, rotary drying under reduced pressure, and recrystallizing with n-hexane to obtain crude productTo the desired product 7 (4.2 g) or (rac) -O-SPINOL (4.3 g), corresponding yields were 94% and 92%.7: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ＝4.50(d,2H),4.58(d,2H),6.23-6.27(m,4H),6.92(dd,2H),6.78-6.80(m,4H),7.06-7.09(m,8H)；(rac)-O-SPINOL: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.40(d,36H),4.53(d,2H),4.69(d,2H),6.75(s,2H),7.14(s,2H)。
example 8: preparation of 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol ((rac) -O-SPINOL)
Figure BDA0003080925570000131
7 (2.0g, 7.8mol), t-butanol (3.7g, 49.5mmol) and concentrated sulfuric acid (2.4g, 24.7mmol) were sequentially added to a 200ml three-necked flask. After the addition, the reaction flask was replaced with nitrogen atmosphere and heated to reflux for 24 hours. The solvent is dried by spinning under reduced pressure, 50ml of water is added, the organic phase is extracted by ethyl acetate, dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate and then dried by spinning under reduced pressure, and the residue is subjected to flash column chromatography to obtain 3.7g of the target product with the yield of 98 percent. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.42(d,36H),4.54(d,2H),4.71(d,2H),6.76(s,2H),7.15(s,2H)。
Example 9: preparation of 7,7 '-bis [ (1,1' -biphenyl-2,2 '-diyl) phosphonite ] -4,4',6,6 '-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1' -spiroindane (L4)
Figure BDA0003080925570000141
In a dry 200ml Schlenk flask were added (rac) -O-SPINOL (2.0 g, 4.2mmol), anhydrous triethylamine (8.8ml, 63.0mmol,15.0 eq.) and 40ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran in that order under nitrogen. Then, after cooling the mixture to-40 ℃, adding 1,1' -dioxy phosphonium chloride (2.6g, 10.5mmol, 2.5equiv.) in 30ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution dropwise, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours after finishing dropping, concentrating the reaction solution under nitrogen atmosphere, separating the crude product by fast column chromatography, and recrystallizing with acetonitrile to obtain 2.9g of the target product with the yield of 75%. 1 HNMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.18-1.24(d,36H),4.75(d,2H),4.96(d,2H),6.91–7.23(m,10H),7.27–7.30(m,4H),7.41–7.44(m,4H)； 31 P NMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝145.18。
It is to be noted here that the other oxaspirodiphosphonite ligands of the formula I, L1 to L31, can be prepared by using only different chlorophosphinite substituent derivatives.
After the target oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand is obtained, a batch type small-scale reaction device (attached figures in the specification) matched with the novel ligand is developed to simulate the hydroformylation reaction of C4 after mixing/ether in industry. We used two separate carbon four feedstocks, the first is ether rear carbon four, and the component contents are respectively (w/w): isobutane (52.1%), 1-butene (16.6%), cis-2-butene (15.3%) and trans-2-butene (16.0%); the second is MTO carbon four, the component contents are respectively (w/w): n-butane (6.0%), 1-butene (0.7%), cis-2-butene (34.7%) and trans-2-butene (58.6%).
In order to ensure that the ligand activity and the aldehyde product are not oxidized, the materials pass through a raw material pretreatment device, and besides water removal, oxygen removal, sulfur (sulfide), chlorine (halide), nitrogen-containing compounds (such as HCN) and the like, substances such as carboxylic acid, butadiene, allene, alkyne and the like which have an inhibiting effect on a rhodium catalyst in the raw materials of carbon and carbon are also removed. To test the reactivity of the novel sterically hindered oxaspiro diphosphonite Ligand in the post-ether/MTO carbon four, we tested other commercial and patent literature reported ligands in comparison under nearly identical reaction conditions, ligand 1-10 used in the following examples has the following structure:
Figure BDA0003080925570000151
this comparative example uses the oxaspiro bisphosphonites listed in the above examples as transition metal ligands to catalyze the hydroformylation of olefins as follows:
comparative example 1: under argon atmosphere to 200ml stainless steel high-pressure reaction kettle equipped with pressure sensor, temperature probe, online sampling port and safety relief valve, etc. is added with a certain amount of Rh (acac) (CO) 2 (0.01mmol, 2.6 mg) and a certain amount of Ligand Ligand 1-10 (0.03-0.04 mmol), adding a certain volume of toluene and internal standard substance n-decane, and stirring and complexing for 30 minutes by using a magneton to generate a catalytic complex of rhodium and the Ligand. Then, after connecting a gas pipeline and fully replacing, adding a certain proportion of liquefied ether into the reaction kettle by using a plunger pump with a metering function under the switching of a two-position four-way valve to control the concentration of the rhodium catalyst in the total solution to be about 159ppm, and uniformly stirring for 5-10 minutes at room temperature. After stirring uniformly, a mixed gas (1:1) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is charged into the reaction device until the total pressure is 1.0MPa. The reaction kettle is heated to the required temperature (70 ℃) by a magnetic stirrer (heating kettle bottom) and an electric heating sleeve (heating kettle body), and the total pressure is kept constant at 1.0MPa by continuously supplying air during the reaction. After reacting for 2-4 hours, the reaction kettle is connected to a-40 ℃ cold sleeve for cooling, after the kettle temperature is reduced to normal temperature, an online sampling port is opened for sampling under the condition of not opening the kettle, and after the online sampling port is diluted by chromatographic grade ethyl acetate, a Gas Chromatograph (GC) is used for measuring the normal-to-iso ratio (the ratio of n-valeraldehyde to 2-methyl butyraldehyde: l: b). And after the kettle is opened, completely releasing the gas in the high-pressure reaction kettle in a fume hood, and sampling and weighing. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003080925570000171
Comparative example 2: adding a certain amount of Rh (acac) (CO) into a 200ml stainless steel high-pressure reaction kettle provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature probe, an online sampling port, a safety relief valve and the like under the argon atmosphere 2 (0.01mmol, 2.6 mg) and a certain amount of Ligand Ligand 1-10 (0.03-0.04 mmol), adding a certain volume of toluene and internal standard substance n-decane, and stirring and complexing for 30 minutes by using a magneton to generate a catalytic complex of rhodium and the Ligand. Then, after connecting a gas pipeline and fully replacing, adding a certain proportion of plunger pump with metering function into the reaction kettle under the switching of two-position four-way valveThe concentration of the rhodium catalyst in the total solution is controlled to be about 159ppm by the liquefied MTO carbon four, and the mixture is uniformly stirred for 5 to 10 minutes at room temperature. After stirring uniformly, a mixed gas (1:1) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is charged into the reaction device until the total pressure is 1.0MPa. The reaction kettle is heated to the required temperature (70 ℃) by a magnetic stirrer (heating kettle bottom) and an electric heating sleeve (heating kettle body), and the total pressure is kept constant at 1.0MPa by continuously supplying air during the reaction. After reacting for 2-4 hours, the reaction kettle is connected to a-40 ℃ cold jacket for cooling, after the kettle temperature is reduced to the normal temperature, an online sampling port is opened for sampling under the condition of not opening the kettle, and a Gas Chromatograph (GC) is used for measuring the normal-to-iso ratio (the ratio of n-valeraldehyde to 2-methylbutyraldehyde: l: b) after the online sampling port is diluted by chromatographic grade ethyl acetate. And after the kettle is opened, completely releasing the gas in the high-pressure reaction kettle in a fume hood, and sampling and weighing. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003080925570000181

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method and application of a large steric hindrance oxaspiro compound are characterized in that: has the following synthetic route:
4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol and diphosphine compound synthesis route thereof：
Synthesis scheme 1：
Figure FDA0003080925560000011
Synthesis scheme 2：
Figure FDA0003080925560000021
Synthetic route3：
Figure FDA0003080925560000022
Wherein, the oxaspiro compounds represented by the general formula I can be racemates containing symmetrical or asymmetrical structures, and can also be compounds containing optical activity or chirality, R represents chlorophosphites containing biphenyl, methylene diphenyl, binaphthyl, benzoyloxy, o-phenyl or containing phenyl, naphthyl and aryl, and the like, and the structures are as follows:
Figure FDA0003080925560000031
2. a process for the preparation of a sterically hindered oxaspiro compound as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: 3-methoxyphenol and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain 1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propanol (2); under the catalysis of protonic acid or Lewis acid, isobutene and protons are added to generate tert-butyl carbonium ions, and the tert-butyl carbonium ions are further subjected to alkylation reaction with a benzene ring on 3-methoxyphenol to obtain 2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenol (2 a or 2 c); 2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenol and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 2,2-bis (chloromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propanol (3 a) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -2-propyldioxolane (3 c);
the halogenating agent used in the nucleophilic substitution reaction may be, in addition to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 2,2-bis (chloromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane: 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, 1,3-dibromo-2-propanol, 1,3-diiodo-2-propanol, epichlorohydrin; or 2,2-bis (fluoromethyl) -1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-bis (bromomethyl) -1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-bis (iodomethyl) -1,3-dioxolane;
the protonic acid or Lewis acid used in the above reaction is one or more of organic acid or inorganic acid, and the organic acid is: formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as: hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphonic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, chromic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, and the like; the alkylating reagent is any one of bromo-tert-butane, chloro-tert-butane, isobutene and tert-butanol; the reaction temperature is 80-140 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
3. A process for the preparation of a sterically hindered oxaspiro compound as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the intermediate 2 or 3a is subjected to chromium trioxide catalytic oxidation to obtain 1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (3) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-1,5-bis (3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (4 a);
the metal oxide used in the oxidation reaction is any one of chromium trioxide, chromic acid, potassium dichromate and sodium dichromate; the acid solution can be any one of concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphonic acid, hexafluorophosphonic acid, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, glacial acetic acid and peroxyacetic acid; the dosage of the metal oxide is 0.05 to 1 equivalent, the reaction solvent is acetone or water or a mixed solvent thereof, the proportion of the mixed solvent is between 50 and 70, and the reaction temperature is between 25 and 45 ℃.
4. A process for the preparation of a sterically hindered oxaspiro compound as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: halogenating the intermediate 3 with bromine or N-bromosuccinimide to obtain 1,5-bis (2-bromo-3-methoxyphenoxy) -acetone (4); under the action of a dehydrating agent, the intermediate 4 or 4a or 3c is subjected to Friedel-crafts cyclization to obtain 4,4' -dibromo-7,7 ' -dimethoxy-1,1 ' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (5) or 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-7,7 ' -dimethoxy-1,1 ' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (5 a or 4 c);
the dosage of the bromine or the N-bromosuccinimide used in the halogenation reaction is 1 to 10 equivalents, the dosage of the pyridine is 2 to 20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-20 to 40 ℃, the reaction time is 2 to 24 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dichloromethane and the like;
the dehydrating agent used in the Friedel-crafts cyclization reaction is any one of polyphosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and anhydrous aluminum trichloride. The reaction solvent is any one of toluene, n-heptane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane. The dosage of the dehydrating agent is 10 to 70 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 45 to 135 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 to 6 hours.
5. A process for the preparation of a sterically hindered oxaspiro compound as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the intermediate 5 is subjected to debromination reaction under the action of n-butyllithium to obtain 7,7 '-dimethoxy-1,1' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (6), the intermediate 6 or 5a or 4c is subjected to methyl protecting group removal under the action of a demethylating reagent to obtain 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol (7) or 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol ((rac) -O-SPINOL), and the intermediate 7 is subjected to alkylation reaction with isobutene to obtain racemic sterically hindered (rac) -O-SPINOL;
in the debromination reaction, the dosage of n-butyllithium is 2.5 to 10 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 5 ℃, the reaction time is 0.5 to 5 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and the like;
the demethylating reagent used in the reaction is any one of boron tribromide, hydrobromic acid, aluminum trichloride, pyridine hydrochloride and sodium ethyl mercaptide. The dosage of the demethylating reagent is 2.0 to 5 equivalent, the reaction temperature is-78 to 25 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane.
6. A process for the preparation of a sterically hindered oxaspiro compound as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
sequentially adding (rac) -O-SPINOL and an organic solvent into a reaction container under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first mixed solution; or sequentially adding (rac) -O-SPINOL and an organic solvent into the reaction container in the nitrogen atmosphere, dropwise adding n-butyllithium at low temperature, and heating to room temperature for reflux reaction after dropwise adding is finished to obtain a lithiated first mixed solution;
dropping biphenyl, methylene diphenyl, binaphthyl, benzoyloxy, o-phenyl, or a mixed solution of chlorophosphonites containing phenyl, naphthyl, aryl and the like and an acid-binding agent or an organic solution of the above chlorophosphonites into the first mixed solution or the lithiated first mixed solution at low temperature, reacting at room temperature after dropping, treating inorganic salt, and concentrating to obtain crude products of the oxaspiro compounds with large steric hindrance;
in the esterification reaction, the using amount of n-butyl lithium is 2-4 equivalents; the acid binding agent is any one of triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine and pyridine, and the dosage is 5-20 equivalent; the reaction temperature is-78-80 ℃, the reaction time is 12-48 hours, and the reaction solvent is any one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, butyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether or 1,4-dioxane.
7. A process for the preparation of a sterically hindered oxaspiro compound as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the solvent for recrystallization purification of the large steric hindrance oxaspiro compound is one or more of ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetonitrile, petroleum ether, n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran.
8. Process for the preparation of sterically hindered oxaspiro compounds according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that: the O-SPINOL may be (+ -) -O-SPINOL, (+) -O-SPINOL or (-) -O-SPINOL; the oxaspiro compound can be (+/-) -spiro diphosphonite, (+) -spiro diphosphonite or (-) -spiro diphosphonite compound, and the chiral O-SPINOL can realize efficient resolution by adopting proline, menthyl chloroformate or chiral phase transfer catalyst N-benzylcinchonine chloride as a resolution reagent.
9. A catalytic complex characterized by: the catalytic complex comprises a transition metal precursor (e.g., rh, pt, pd, ru, ir, etc.) and a racemic oxaspiro bisphosphonite ligand, including all ligands listed in formula I in claim 1 except for (R, S) -L12, (R, S) -L13, (R, S) -L17, and (R, S) -L31. In addition, the catalytic complex comprises a transition metal precursor (such as Rh, pt, pd, ru, ir, etc.) and a chiral oxaspiro bisphosphinite ligand comprising L1 to L31 as set forth in formula I in claim 1.
10. A process for the hydroformylation of olefins to produce linear aldehydes, characterized by: the preparation method comprises the step of reacting olefin with synthesis gas in the presence of the catalytic complex of claim 9 to obtain the linear aldehyde. The method can be realized according to the following process steps and parameters;
(1) Sequentially adding a racemic oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand and a rhodium catalyst in a certain proportion in a reaction device under the protection of inert gas, wherein the molar ratio of phosphine to rhodium is 1:1-5:1, and stirring and complexing for 30 minutes at room temperature under an organic solvent;
(2) Then, under the protection of inert gas, adding liquid ether with a certain proportion into the reaction kettle by using a plunger pump with a metering function to control the concentration of the rhodium catalyst to be about 50-200 ppm, and then uniformly stirring for 5-10 minutes at room temperature.
(3) After stirring uniformly, filling CO and H with a certain pressure into the reaction device 2 The pressure ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is between 1:1 and 1:5, and the total pressure is between 0.5MPa and 1 MPa; stirring and reacting for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 40-100 ℃;
the post-ether carbon four and the MTO carbon four used in the hydroformylation reaction comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0-30% of 1-butene, 0-70% of trans-2-butene, 0-40% of cis-2-butene, 0-30% of n-butane, 0-20% of isobutane and 0-10% of isobutene, wherein the total mass percentage of the 1-butene, the trans-2-butene, the cis-2-butene, the n-butane, the isobutane and the isobutene is 100%.
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