CN115304617A - Synthesis method of oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphine ligand thereof - Google Patents

Synthesis method of oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphine ligand thereof Download PDF

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CN115304617A
CN115304617A CN202110501267.9A CN202110501267A CN115304617A CN 115304617 A CN115304617 A CN 115304617A CN 202110501267 A CN202110501267 A CN 202110501267A CN 115304617 A CN115304617 A CN 115304617A
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oxaspiro
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张润通
马保德
郑勇鹏
彭江华
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Huizhou Kailisi Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a large steric hindrance oxaspiro diphenol skeleton 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol and a synthesis method of a diphosphine ligand thereof. The method uses 1,3-difluorobenzene as an initial raw material, and carries out lithiation, nucleophilic addition, dehydration, aldol condensation/Cannizzaro (Canizzaro) tandem reaction and two-step aromatic nucleophilic substitution (S) N Ar) and palladium carbon are subjected to debenzylation reaction to obtain racemic oxaspiro-diphenol (O-SPINOL), and then subjected to alkylation reaction to obtain tetra-tert-butyl substituted O-SPINOL with large steric hindrance. The O-SPINOL racemate with large steric hindrance can be subjected to resolution or chiral catalysis to obtain optically pure oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance, and the oxaspiro diphenol is esterified to obtain the oxaspiro diphosphine ligand. The oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and the diphosphine ligand thereof have structures shown as general formulas I and II, and the oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and the diphosphine ligand thereof have structures shown as general formulas I and IIWherein the substituent R in the general formula II can be a cyclic phosphine oxide or

Description

Synthesis method of oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphine ligand thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large steric hindrance oxaspiro diphenol skeleton 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol and a synthesis method of a diphosphine ligand thereof.
Background
The axisymmetric organic compound is always a research hotspot in the field of asymmetric catalysis, and the axisymmetric compound has wide application in the fields of biological medicine, industrial catalysis, functional materials and the like. Biaryl ligands such as BINOL and BINAP which have been successfully commercialized recently have been widely used.
Figure BDA0003056409590000011
In 1992, kumar et al successfully applied optically pure cis, cis-spiro [4,4] -1,6-nonanediol-modified lithium aluminum hydride to asymmetric reduction of ketones, and achieved excellent enantioselectivity (ee up to 98%). This is the first report on the study of the catalytic properties of chiral spiro ligands. In 1996, keay et al successfully used the same chiral diol as a chiral prosthetic group to modify acryloyl chloride in the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene. Subsequently, chen Xinzi et al designed and synthesized different types of bidentate phosphonite ligands based on this framework and investigated their application in rhodium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions.
In 1999, birman et al obtained racemic spiroindandiol ((. + -.) -SPINOL from acetone and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde via a six-step reaction. Diastereoisomers formed by the diphenol and the menthyl chloroformate can be separated by column chromatography, so as to obtain optically pure (R) - (+) -SPINOL and (S) - (-) -SPINOL. Similar synthetic routes and resolution methods are also reported in US20130135574A1, CN 1055003542A. On the basis, zhou Jilin and the like of the university of south Kekai report more practical resolution methods in 2002, and the optically pure spiroindane diphenol can be obtained by utilizing the characteristic that benzyl cinchonidine chloride and one enantiomer are easy to form an inclusion compound through simple steps of refluxing, cooling, crystallizing, filtering, acidifying and the like. 2016, tan Bin et al reported asymmetric synthesis of SPINOL catalyzed by chiral phosphonic acid directly from 1,5-bis (5-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3-pentanone to (S) -4,4' -dimethyl-7,7 ' -dihydroxy-1,1 ' -spiroindane (97% yield, 90% ee value). It is worth mentioning that the ligands used by them are phosphonic acids with a chiral SPINOL backbone. In addition, CN109761774A studied a Friedel-crafts cyclization from 1,5-bis (3-hydroxyphenyl) -3-pentanone to racemic SPINOL, which is the first report on the cyclization synthesis of 1,1 '-spiroindane-7,7' -diol without a spacer at the para-hydroxyl position. In 2018, zhang Xumu and the like obtain racemic spirodihydrobenzofuran diphenol ((+/-) -O-SPINOL) by six-step reaction from 1,3-difluorobenzene on the basis of spiroindandiol, and the racemic spirodihydrobenzofuran diphenol can be resolved by L-proline to obtain optically pure (R, S) -O-SPINOL. In addition, CN109503659A, CN110128439a also reported similar synthetic routes and resolution methods.
Zhou Jilin group of chiral ligands based on spiro backbone have had great success in the field of asymmetric catalysis, allowing spiro ligands to develop into a class of important ligands over a short period of decades, all of which are based essentially on spiro indane backbone. However, compared with the development of axial chiral ligands, the spiro skeleton ligand is insufficient in number and application, and one important reason is that the synthesis of the spiro skeleton is difficult. Moreover, there are few examples reported for modifying SPINOL, O-SPINOL backbones with bulky steric groups and for synthesizing their bisphosphine ligands. Therefore, the development of a novel oxaspiro skeleton (O-SPINOL) with large steric hindrance and a diphosphine ligand thereof has profound significance and very high research value.
The method for preparing the novel oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and the diphosphine ligand thereof, which is developed by the invention, has the characteristics of easy synthesis, suitability for large-scale synthesis, industrialized process synthetic route, simple process route, high yield, capability of recycling raw materials and the like. In addition, the novel oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand (racemate) can be used for catalyzing the carbonylation reaction of olefin, and the chiral compound of the novel ligand can be used for catalyzing asymmetric reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a large steric hindrance oxaspiro diphenol and a diphosphine ligand compound thereof.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by that the structure of the oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and the diphosphine ligand compound thereof is shown as the general formulas I and II:
Figure BDA0003056409590000031
wherein, the structure of the general formula II and the derivative thereof is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0003056409590000041
Figure BDA0003056409590000051
the oxaspiro diphosphonite compound is prepared by reacting 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol compound serving as a raw material with chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structure under the action of an organic solvent and n-butyl lithium or triethylamine; the oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand is one of L1-L31.
Drawings
FIG. 1, preparation of ligand Compound L4 of the present invention 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ) A schematic diagram;
FIG. 2, of the ligand Compound L4 of the present invention 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ) Schematic representation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention discloses a synthetic route, which takes 1,3-difluorobenzene as an initial raw material and carries out lithiation, nucleophilic addition, dehydration, aldol condensation/Cannizzaro (Canizzaro) tandem reaction and two-step aromatic nucleophilic substitution (S) N Ar) and palladium carbon are subjected to debenzylation reaction to obtain racemic oxaspiro diphenol (O-SPINOL), then alkylation reaction is carried out to obtain tetra-tert-butyl substituted oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance, and the O-SPINOL racemate with large steric hindrance can be subjected to resolution or chiral catalysis to obtain optically pure oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance. The racemic or optically pure O-SPINOL with large steric hindrance can be esterified with chlorophosphinite to obtain the oxaspiro diphosphonite ligand.
Specifically, the synthesis method of the present invention is specifically described as follows:
in some embodiments, 1,3-difluorobenzene is lithiated by n-butyllithium, an aryl lithium reagent is reacted with trimethyl silicon methyl glycolate to obtain aryl ketone, the aryl ketone is subjected to nucleophilic addition reaction with the aryl lithium reagent, and diluted hydrochloric acid is added for hydrolysis and TMS protecting group removal to obtain 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,2-ethanediol;
in some embodiments, the starting material may also be 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dibromobenzene, or 1,3-diiodobenzene, in addition to 1,3-difluorobenzene; 1,3-difluorobenzene is preferred because of the subsequent S N In the Ar reaction, fluorine is the most preferred leaving group.
In some embodiments, in the lithiation reaction, the amount of the lithium reagent is 1 to 5 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 0 ℃, the reaction time is 1 to 12 hours, and the reaction solvent is an organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dichloromethane and the like.
In some embodiments, the organolithium compound used in the nucleophilic addition reaction is any one of methyllithium, isopropyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, or phenyllithium.
In some embodiments, 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,2-ethylene glycol is dehydrated after heated to reflux in sulfuric acid to yield 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -acetaldehyde.
In some embodiments, 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -acetaldehyde is first aldolized with paraformaldehyde under base catalysis to yield 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -3-hydroxypropanal, followed by cannizzaro reaction (disproportionation) to yield 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,3-propanediol.
In some embodiments, the base used in the aldol condensation/cannizzaro reaction is any one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide. The reaction solvent is any one of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and methyl tert-butyl ether. The dosage of the alkali is 5 to 80 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 50 to 120 ℃, and the reaction time is 6 to 12 hours.
In some embodiments, the hydroxyl group on 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,3-propanediol undergoes aromatic nucleophilic substitution with a leaving group under the action of an acid scavenger (S63 zxft 5363-bis-fluorine-containing compound) N Ar) and cyclizing to obtain 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -difluoro.
In some embodiments, the S is N The acid-binding agent used in the Ar reaction can be one or more of organic bases or inorganic bases, and the organic bases comprise: : triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, etc.; inorganic bases such as: cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or the like; the dosage of the acid-binding agent is 5-100 equivalent, the reaction temperature is-10-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-10 hours; the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and the like.
In some embodiments, 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -difluoro (S) undergoes aromatic nucleophilic substitution with benzyl alcohol under the action of an acid-binding agent N Ar) to give 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -dibenzyl ether.
In some embodiments, the S is N The acid binding agent used in the Ar reaction is any one of cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide; the dosage of the acid-binding agent is 2-40 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 25-140 ℃, and the reaction solvent is toluene, p-xylene and o-xyleneToluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene or DMF.
In some embodiments, 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -dibenzyl ether is debenzylated under palladium on carbon to yield racemic 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diol (O-SPINOL).
In some embodiments, the content of palladium carbon as a metal catalyst in the debenzylation reaction is 5% or more, the amount of the catalyst is 5 to 10% (w/w), the hydrogen pressure is 1 to 10MPa, the reaction temperature is 25 to 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours; the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and the like.
In some embodiments, isobutylene is produced by dehydration of t-butanol under the catalysis of a protonic acid or a lewis acid, and electrophilic addition reaction of isobutylene and O-SPINOL produces 4,4',6,6' -tetra-t-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diol.
In some embodiments, the protic or lewis acid used in the alkylation reaction is one or more of an organic acid or an inorganic acid, such as: formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as: hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphonic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, chromic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, and the like; the alkylating reagent is any one of bromo-tert-butane, chloro-tert-butane, isobutene and tert-butanol; the reaction temperature is 50-110 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
In some embodiments, 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diol is reacted with n-butyl lithium to obtain a lithiated reaction solution; and reacting the reaction liquid after lithiation with chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structure to obtain the high-steric-hindrance oxaspiro diphosphonite compound.
In some embodiments, 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol is reacted with a mixed solution of chlorophosphinite containing aryl or cyclic aryl structures and an acid-binding agent to give the sterically hindered oxaspiro bisphosphonite compound.
In some embodiments, in the esterification reaction, the N-butyl lithium is used in an amount of 2 to 4 equivalents, the acid binding agent is any one of triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine and pyridine in an amount of 5 to 20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 80 ℃, the reaction time is 12 to 48 hours, and the reaction solvent is any one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, butyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether or 1,4-dioxane.
Example 1:1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,2 preparation of ethylene glycol (3)
Figure BDA0003056409590000081
1 (50.0g, 437mmol) and 300ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were charged in a dry 1L Schlenk flask, the flask was replaced with an atmosphere of nitrogen, and after the reaction solution was cooled to-78 ℃, 2.5M n-butyllithium in hexane (176ml, 1.005eq.) was slowly added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at-78 ℃ for 1 hour, and methyl trimethylsilanolate (34.77g, 214mmol) was then added slowly. After the dropwise addition, the reaction was warmed to-30 ℃ and stirred for 8 hours, and then warmed to room temperature. After the reaction is finished, dilute hydrochloric acid is added at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to quench the reaction, and meanwhile, the trimethylsilyl protective group is removed. The reaction solution was extracted with diethyl ether and dichloromethane, the organic phases were combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 41.9g of the desired product in 65% yield. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝3.54–3.70(m,1H),4.55(d,2H),4.73(s,1H),6.96(m,4H),7.44(m,2H)。
Example 2: preparation of 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -acetaldehyde (4)
Figure BDA0003056409590000091
A1L two-necked flask was charged with 3 (20.0 g,69.9 mmol) and 110ml of 26% by mass sulfuric acid, and the reaction was refluxed at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the organic phase is extracted with dichloromethane and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Decompression spin drying to obtain crude product, and fast column chromatographic separation to obtain target product 17.1g in 92% yield. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝5.30(s,1H),6.72–6.85(m,4H),7.12–7.20(m,2H),9.84(m,1H)。
Example 3: preparation of 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,3-propanediol (6)
Figure BDA0003056409590000092
In a 500ml two-necked flask were charged 4 (13.4 g, 50mmol), lithium hydroxide (24.0 g, 1000mmol), paraformaldehyde (30.0 g, 1000mmol) and 120ml anhydrous dioxane. The reaction flask was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, and the reaction was carried out at 80 ℃ for 10 hours. Adding dilute hydrochloric acid to quench the reaction, extracting the mixed solution with diethyl ether and dichloromethane, combining organic phases, performing reduced pressure spin drying to obtain a crude product, and performing flash column chromatography to obtain a target product 13.5g with the yield of 90%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝2.34(br,2H),4.52(s,4H),6.75-6.79(m,4H),7.10-7.20(m,2H)。
Example 4: preparation of 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -difluoro (7)
Figure BDA0003056409590000101
6 (5.0g, 16.7mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (5.6g, 50.0mmol) were added to a 250ml double-necked flask, the atmosphere of the reaction flask was replaced with nitrogen, 80ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added at 0 ℃ and the reaction flask was returned to room temperature, reacted at 60 ℃ for 7 hours, quenched with dilute hydrochloric acid, the organic phase was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and dried under reduced pressure to give 4.2g of the objective product in 97% yield. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝4.64(d,2H),4.79(d,2H),6.57-6.61(m,2H),6.68(d,2H),7.15-7.20(m,2H)。
Example 5: preparation of 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -dibenzyl ether (8)
Figure BDA0003056409590000102
7 (4.0g, 15.4 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (10.3g, 61.5 mmol) were charged in a 200ml two-necked flask, and after the reaction flask was replaced with a nitrogen atmosphere, benzyl alcohol (6.6g, 61.5 mmol) and 100ml of anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide were added. Reacting for 8 hours at 100 ℃, cooling the reaction system to room temperature, adding a large amount of water to precipitate white solid, and filtering to obtain 6.6g of a target product with the yield of 99%. 1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝4.50(d,2H),4.78(d,2H),4.80(d,2H),4.86(d,2H),6.39(d,2H),6.43(dd,2H),6.78-6.80(m,4H),7.06-7.09(m,8H)。
Example 6: preparation of 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diol (O-SPINOL) ((rac) -9)
Figure BDA0003056409590000111
Into a 100ml autoclave, 8 (6.0 g,13.8 mmol), 300mg of a catalyst (10% Pd/C) and 50ml of tetrahydrofuran were charged in this order. And (3) filling 4MPa of hydrogen into the kettle, reacting at room temperature for 20 hours, performing reduced pressure spin-drying to obtain a crude product, and performing flash column chromatography separation to obtain a white solid product 3.5g with the yield of 99%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ＝4.50(d,2H),4.58(d,2H),6.23-6.27(m,4H),6.92(dd,2H),6.78-6.80(m,4H),7.06-7.09(m,8H)。
Example 7: preparation of 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (rac-O-SPINOL-t-Bu)
Figure BDA0003056409590000112
(rac) -9 (3.0g, 11.7mmol) and tert-butanol (tert-butanol), (2, 9, 7 mmol) were added in this order to a 200ml three-necked flask5.5g, 74.2mmol), concentrated sulfuric acid (3.6g, 37.1mmol). After the addition, the reaction flask was replaced with nitrogen atmosphere and heated to reflux for 24 hours. And (3) carrying out reduced pressure spin-drying on the solvent, adding 50ml of water, extracting an organic phase by using ethyl acetate, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, carrying out reduced pressure spin-drying, and carrying out flash column chromatography on the residue to obtain 5.4g of a target product with the yield of 96%. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.40(d,36H),4.53(d,2H),4.69(d,2H),6.75(s,2H),7.14(s,2H)。
Example 8: 3238 Zxft 3238 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (O-SPINOL) resolution
Figure BDA0003056409590000121
In a 250ml round-bottomed flask, rac-9 (12.8g, 50mmol), L-proline (2.9g, 25mmol) and then 100ml ethyl acetate were added in this order. After stirring at 80 ℃ for 8 hours, a white solid precipitated during this time, cooled to room temperature and filtered and the white solid collected. The white solid is added into a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and water for ultrasonic treatment, and the solid gradually dissolves and disappears. The organic phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then dried under reduced pressure, and after recrystallization from ethyl acetate, optically pure (S) -9 (ee > 99%) was obtained. In the same manner, (R) -9 was obtained in optically pure form (ee > 99%).
Example 9: preparation of 7,7 '-bis [ (1,1' -biphenyl-2,2 '-diyl) phosphonite ] -4,4',6,6 '-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (L4)
Figure BDA0003056409590000122
A dry 500ml Schlenk flask was charged with 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (4.0g, 8.3mmol), anhydrous triethylamine (17.3ml, 124.8mmol, 15.0eq.) and 100ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran in that order under nitrogen. Then, the mixture was cooled to-30 ℃ and added dropwise to a solution of 1,1 '-biphenyl-2,2' -dioxyphosphonium chloride (4.8g, 19.1mmol,2.3 equiv.) in 50ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, and the addition was completedAnd then reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, concentrating the reaction solution under the nitrogen atmosphere, separating the crude product by fast column chromatography, and recrystallizing with acetonitrile to obtain the target product 5.1g with the yield of 68%. 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.18-1.24(d,36H),4.75(d,2H),4.96(d,2H),6.91–7.23(m,10H),7.27–7.30(m,4H),7.41–7.44(m,4H)； 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝145.18。
Example 10: preparation of asymmetric oxaspiro bisphosphinite ligand (rac-L43)
Figure BDA0003056409590000131
In a dry 500ml Schlenk flask, 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (4.0g, 8.3mmol), anhydrous triethylamine (8.7ml, 62.4mmol, 7.5eq.) and 100ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added in this order under nitrogen protection. Then, the mixture was cooled to-20 ℃ and then added dropwise with 3,3',5,5' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-biphenyl-2,2' -dioxyphosphonium chloride (4.7 g,10.0mmol,1.2 equiv.) in 70ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution, after dropping, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under nitrogen atmosphere, the crude product was separated by flash column chromatography and then recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain the target product rac-L42 (6.3 g, yield 82%).
In a dry 500ml Schlenk flask, rac-L42 (6.3 g,6.9 mmol) and 100ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added successively under nitrogen, and 2.5M n-butyllithium (2.8ml, 6.9mmol,1.0 eq.) was added dropwise at-20 ℃. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and refluxed for 1 hour. Then, the reaction solution was dropped into 20ml of an anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution of 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxophosphinane-4-one (1.68g, 8.3mmol,1.2 equiv.) at-40 ℃, after dropping, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours, the reaction solution was concentrated under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography to obtain the target product rac-L43 (3.8 g, yield 51%). 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.34–1.38(m,36H),1.45–1.46(m,36H),4.45–4.75(m,4H),7.03–7.47(m,9H),7.93(dd,1H)； 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝123.41,140.36。
Example 11: preparation of (R, R) -7,7 '-bis [ (1,1' -biphenyl-2,2 '-diyl) phosphonite ] -4,4',6,6 '-tetra-tert-butyl- (R) -1,1' -spirodihydrobenzofuran ((R, R) -L17)
Figure BDA0003056409590000141
A dry 500ml Schlenk bottle was charged with the (R) configuration of 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spiroindane-7,7' -biphenol (4.0 g,8.3 mmol), anhydrous triethylamine (17.3 ml,124.8mmol,15.0 eq.) and 100ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran in that order under nitrogen. Then, after cooling the mixture to-40 ℃, adding dropwise (R) - (1,1 '-binaphthyl-2,2' -dioxy) phosphine chloride (7.6 g,21.6mmol,2.6 equiv.) in 100ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours after finishing dropping, concentrating the reaction solution under nitrogen atmosphere, separating crude product by flash column chromatography, and recrystallizing with acetonitrile to obtain the target product (R, R, R) -L17 (9.2 g, yield 72%). 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.37–1.45(d,36H),4.52–4.66(dd,4H),7.05(s,2H),7.30–7.43(m,16H),7.87–7.94(m,8H)； 31 P NMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝143.08。
Example 12: preparation of 2,2 '-bis [ (dipyrrolylphosphino) oxo ] -4,4',6,6 '-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1' -spirodihydrobenzofuran (L32)
Figure BDA0003056409590000142
A dry 500ml Schlenk flask was charged with 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (4.0g, 8.3mmol), anhydrous triethylamine (17.3ml, 124.8mmol, 15.0eq.) and 100ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran in that order under nitrogen. Then, the mixture was cooled to-30 ℃ and then added dropwise with 1,1' - (chlorophosphinediyl) bis (1H-pyrrole) (4.0 g,19.9mmol,2.4 equiv.) in 50ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, after dropping, the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours, the reaction solution was concentrated under nitrogen atmosphere, and after separation by flash column chromatography of the crude product, the crude product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain 5.1g of the target product with a yield of 77%. 1 H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝1.45(d,36H),4.45–4.73(dd,4H),6.25(t,8H),6.91(t,8H),7.21(s,2H)； 31 PNMR(243MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ＝125.93。
It is to be noted here that the other oxaspirodiphosphine ligands of L1 to L41 in the general formula II can be prepared by using only different chlorophosphinite or phosphoramidite substituent derivatives.

Claims (10)

1. A method for synthesizing a large steric hindrance oxaspiro diphenol skeleton and a diphosphine ligand thereof is characterized by comprising the following synthetic routes:
Figure FDA0003056409580000011
the diphosphine ligand can be a racemate containing a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure or an optically active or chiral compound, R represents chlorophosphinite containing biphenyl, methylenebisphenyl, binaphthyl, benzoyloxy, o-phenyl, naphthyl, aryl or the like, or chlorophosphinite containing pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, carbazolyl, pyridyl or the like, and has the following structure:
Figure FDA0003056409580000021
Figure FDA0003056409580000031
2. the method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: starting from 1,3-difluorobenzene, lithiating by n-butyllithium, reacting an aryl lithium reagent with trimethyl silicoglycolate to obtain aryl ketone, performing nucleophilic addition reaction on the aryl ketone and the aryl lithium reagent, adding diluted hydrochloric acid for hydrolysis, and removing a TMS protective group to obtain 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,2-ethanediol.
In the above reaction, the starting material may be 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dibromobenzene or 1,3-diiodobenzene, in addition to 1,3-difluorobenzene; 1,3-difluorobenzene is preferred because of the subsequent S N Fluorine is the most preferred leaving group in the Ar reaction.
The dosage of the lithium reagent used in the reaction of the esters, ketones and the organic lithium reagent is 1 to 5 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78 to 0 ℃, the reaction time is 1 to 12 hours, and the reaction solvent is organic solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dichloromethane and the like.
The organolithium compound used in the nucleophilic addition reaction is any one of methyllithium, isopropyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, and phenyllithium.
3. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,2-ethylene glycol was heated to reflux in sulfuric acid and dehydrated to give 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -acetaldehyde.
4. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -acetaldehyde is firstly subjected to aldol condensation with paraformaldehyde under the catalysis of alkali to obtain 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -3-hydroxypropanal, and then subjected to Cannizzaro reaction (disproportionation reaction) to obtain 1,1-bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,3-propanediol.
The alkali used in the reaction is any one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide. The reaction solvent is any one of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and methyl tert-butyl ether. The dosage of the alkali is 5 to 80 equivalent, the reaction temperature is 50 to 120 ℃, and the reaction time is 6 to 12 hours.
5. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hydroxyl on 1,1-bi (2,6-difluorophenyl) -1,3-propylene glycol and a leaving group are subjected to aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction under the action of an acid binding agent, and after cyclization, 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -difluoro is obtained; 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -difluoro and benzyl alcohol are subjected to aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction under the action of an acid binding agent to obtain 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -dibenzyl ether.
The above two steps S N The acid-binding agent used for Ar can be one or more of organic base or inorganic base, and the organic base is as follows: : triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, etc.; inorganic bases such as: cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or the like; the dosage of the acid-binding agent is 5-100 equivalent, the reaction temperature is-10-140 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-10 hours; the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene or DMF.
6. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 5363 and the racemic 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -biphenol (O-SPINOL) is obtained by debenzylation of 1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -dibenzyl ether under the action of palladium on carbon.
In the debenzylation reaction, the content of metal catalyst palladium carbon is 5 percent or more, the dosage of the catalyst is 5 to 10 percent (w/w), the hydrogen pressure is 1 to 10MPa, the reaction temperature is 25 to 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 to 12 hours; the reaction solvent is organic solvent such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether and the like.
7. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol as claimed in claim 1, wherein: under the catalysis of protonic acid or Lewis acid, tert-butyl alcohol is dehydrated to generate isobutene, and the isobutene and O-SPINOL generate electrophilic addition reaction to obtain 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol.
The protonic acid or Lewis acid used in the above reaction is one or more of organic acid or inorganic acid, and the organic acid is: formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like; inorganic acids such as: hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphonic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, chromic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, and the like; the alkylating reagent is any one of bromo-tert-butane, chloro-tert-butane, isobutene and tert-butanol; the reaction temperature is 50-110 ℃, and the reaction solvent is any one of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
8. The method for synthesizing a sterically hindered oxaspiro bisphosphinite compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(1) Sequentially adding 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol and an organic solvent into a reaction container in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a first mixed solution; or sequentially adding 4,4',6,6' -tetra-tert-butyl-1,1 '-spirodihydrobenzofuran-7,7' -diphenol and organic solvent into a reaction container under the nitrogen atmosphere, dropwise adding n-butyl lithium at low temperature, heating to room temperature after dropwise adding, and performing reflux reaction to obtain a lithiated first mixed solution;
(2) And (2) dropwise adding an organic solution of biphenyl, methylene diphenyl, binaphthyl, benzoyloxy, o-phenyl or chlorophosphonite containing phenyl, naphthyl, aryl and the like or a mixed solution of the above listed chlorophosphonite and an acid-binding agent into the lithiated first mixed solution or the first mixed solution at low temperature, reacting at room temperature after dropwise adding, and concentrating to obtain the lithium iron phosphate.
In the esterification reaction, the dosage of N-butyl lithium is 2-4 equivalents, the acid-binding agent is any one of triethylamine, N-diisopropylethylamine and pyridine, the dosage is 5-20 equivalents, the reaction temperature is-78-80 ℃, the reaction time is 12-48 hours, and the reaction solvent is any one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, anisole, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, butyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether or 1,4-dioxane.
In the reaction, the solvent for recrystallizing and purifying the high-steric hindrance oxaspiro diphosphonite compound is any one or more of ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane, ethanol, acetonitrile, petroleum ether, n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran.
9. The process for the synthesis of sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol and of their bisphosphinite compounds according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that: the sterically hindered oxaspirodiphenol may be (+ -) -oxaspirodiphenol, (+) -oxaspirodiphenol or (-) -oxaspirodiphenol; the large steric hindrance oxaspiro diphosphonite compound can be (+/-) -oxaspiro diphosphonite compound, (+) -oxaspiro diphosphonite or (-) -oxaspiro diphosphonite compound, and the chiral oxaspiro diphenol compound can adopt proline, menthyl chloroformate or chiral phase transfer catalyst N-benzylchlorocinchonine as a resolving agent to realize efficient resolution.
Figure FDA0003056409580000061
The complex of the racemic oxaspiro diphosphonite compound and a transition metal precursor (such as Rh, pt, pd, ru, ir and the like) can be used as a catalyst in a carbonylation reaction system of olefin, and comprises but is not limited to: hydroformylation, hydroaminomethylation, and alkoxycarbonylation.
Complexes of the chiral oxaspiro bisphosphinite compounds with transition metal precursors (e.g., rh, pt, pd, ru, ir, etc.) can be used to catalyze asymmetric reactions, including but not limited to: the asymmetric reactions include hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrosilation, hydroboration, hydrohydroxylation, hydroamination, hydrocyanation, isomerizationformylation, hydrocarbamylation, transhydrogenationhydrogenation, allylation, olefin metathesis, cycloisomerization, diels-Alder, asymmetric coupling, aldol, michael addition, asymmetric epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [ m + n ] cyclization.
10. A sterically hindered oxaspiro diphosphine ligand having the structure of the following general formula (III):
Figure FDA0003056409580000071
wherein, in the general formula (III):
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 and R 4 Same, are each an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group or a hydrogen atom, said R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R 4 The method comprises the following steps of forming a ring, forming a non-ring, forming any two rings or forming a plurality of rings between every two rings; r 5 、R 6 、R 7 And R 8 Is alkyl, benzyl, aryl, biphenyl or nitrogen heterocyclic substituent.
CN202110501267.9A 2021-04-26 2021-05-08 Synthesis method of oxaspiro diphenol with large steric hindrance and diphosphine ligand thereof Pending CN115304617A (en)

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Citations (3)

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CN110128471A (en) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-16 凯特立斯（深圳）科技有限公司 The synthesis and application of oxa- spirophosphine ligand
CN110128439A (en) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-16 凯特立斯（深圳）科技有限公司 It a kind of oxa-spiro compound and its efficiently synthesizes and method for splitting
EP3730502A1 (en) * 2018-02-08 2020-10-28 Shenzhen Catalys Technology Co., Ltd. Synthesis and application of oxaspirocyclodiphosphine ligand

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110128471A (en) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-16 凯特立斯（深圳）科技有限公司 The synthesis and application of oxa- spirophosphine ligand
CN110128439A (en) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-16 凯特立斯（深圳）科技有限公司 It a kind of oxa-spiro compound and its efficiently synthesizes and method for splitting
EP3730502A1 (en) * 2018-02-08 2020-10-28 Shenzhen Catalys Technology Co., Ltd. Synthesis and application of oxaspirocyclodiphosphine ligand

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