CN115236726A - Earthquake single-point acquisition equipment for active noise reduction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses seismic single-point acquisition equipment for active noise reduction, which comprises a seismic detector, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the seismic detector is used for acquiring seismic data of a working environment and environmental noise in the working environment; the noise detection module is connected with the output end of the geophone and used for receiving the environmental noise and the seismic data which are collected by the geophone for many times and carrying out noise characteristic statistical analysis on the collected environmental noise; the central processing unit is connected with the noise detection module, generates an inverse noise signal of the environmental noise counted by the noise detection module, and actively reduces the noise of the seismic data of the geophone by using the inverse noise signal; the communication module is connected with the central processing unit and used for receiving the seismic data subjected to active noise reduction and outputting the seismic data subjected to active noise reduction in a wireless communication mode; the method can solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio caused by the fact that field combination cannot be carried out when the existing single-point acquisition seismic node is acquired in a complex area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data noise reduction, in particular to seismic single-point acquisition equipment for active noise reduction.
Background
The seismic exploration industry has a long history of using a combination of shot and geophone points during acquisition to eliminate coherent noise. Theoretically, the combination receiving technology carries out regular interference wave suppression through combination of all the detectors in a single channel during signal acquisition so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. In order to suppress random interference, the distance between the designed combined points is greater than or equal to the coherence radius, the wave detector combination strengthens the effective wave energy, the interference wave is suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio of data is improved. However, since the frequencies of the interference wave and the effective wave are mixed and aliased, the effective wave energy is also reduced while the combined reception suppresses the interference wave, and particularly, the high frequency part is severely attenuated by the combined reception suppression.
In addition, in actual operation, the theoretical combination is difficult to adapt to field noise and terrain variations, errors are generated for each detector in the combination, and seismic data are polluted by ground coupling inconsistency and intra-group static correction errors. In summary, the more complex the combination, the larger the sampling error of the wavefield, and therefore the more careful field deployment is required, and the more complex the combination of multiple detectors increases the field cost.
The method has certain applicability in complex terrains where geophone combinations are difficult to spread, but the existing geophones bring difficulties in single-shot quality control and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide seismic single-point acquisition equipment for active noise reduction, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing geophone in the prior art brings difficulties for single shot quality control and seismic data signal-to-noise ratio improvement.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction, comprising:
the geophone is used for acquiring seismic data of a working environment and environmental noise in the working environment;
the noise detection module is connected with the output end of the geophone and used for receiving the environmental noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone for multiple times and performing noise characteristic statistical analysis on the acquired environmental noise;
the central processing unit is arranged in the geophone and connected with the noise detection module, generates an inverse noise signal of environmental noise counted by the noise detection module and utilizes the inverse noise signal to actively reduce noise of the seismic data of the geophone;
the communication module is connected with the central processing unit and used for receiving the seismic data subjected to active noise reduction and outputting the seismic data subjected to active noise reduction in a wireless communication mode;
and the power supply module is connected with the central processing unit and provides power supply for the central processing unit.
As a priority scheme of the present invention, the noise detection module statistically analyzes the environmental noise into a regular noise and a random noise, wherein the regular noise is an interference wave having a certain dominant frequency and apparent velocity, and the dominant frequency and the propagation direction of the random noise are not fixed;
wherein the effective frequency band of the seismic data is generally 0Hz to 200Hz.
As a priority scheme of the invention, the seismic data is superposition data of effective signals and environmental noise, the seismic data is simplified into the sum of the effective signals and random signals, and a function model construction module for constructing a likelihood function of the seismic data is arranged in the central processing unit.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the noise detection module generates a spectrogram of the environmental noise collected multiple times, and analyzes frequency and amplitude variations in the spectrogram of the environmental noise to identify regular noise and random noise in the environmental noise.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the central processing unit includes a regular noise reverse signal generating unit and a regular noise suppressing unit, and the regular noise reverse signal generating unit generates a corresponding reverse signal based on a spectrogram of the regular noise;
and the regular noise suppression unit is used for superposing the reverse signal of the regular noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone to generate the seismic data after the regular noise is suppressed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the noise detection module further includes a random noise labeling unit, and the random noise labeling unit calculates a mean and a variance of the random noise by using a bayesian statistical system, and uses the mean and the variance of the random noise as prior information of the random noise.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the central processing unit further includes a random noise reverse signal generating unit and a random noise suppressing unit;
the random noise reverse signal generating unit multiplies the prior information with the likelihood function, constructs a posterior probability distribution function, directly calculates the random noise carried in the seismic data and generates a reverse signal corresponding to the random noise;
and the random noise suppression unit is used for superposing the reverse signal of the random noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone to generate the seismic data after the random noise is suppressed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention integrates a noise detection module and a central processing unit in the existing geophone, namely, actively reduces noise at the acquisition end of a seismic node, namely, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of an acquired signal, and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired signal while keeping the acquisition advantage of a single geophone.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic data acquisition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a seismic node device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an ambient noise suppression process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1-a geophone; 2-a noise detection module; 3-a central processing unit; 4-a communication module; 5-power supply module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an active noise reduction seismic data acquisition method, and when seismic data is acquired by using a single detector in the prior art, although the laying difficulty and the acquisition cost are reduced, the suppression capability of seismic interference waves is greatly reduced.
According to the method, the principle of reverse noise reduction is utilized, before seismic data are collected, the environmental noise of the distributed environment is collected firstly, the regular noise and the random noise in the environmental noise are identified, the characteristic parameters in the regular noise and the random noise in the environmental noise are marked by utilizing a statistical concept, therefore, in the actual collection of the seismic data, the noise signals in the seismic data are identified by utilizing the characteristic parameters which are compared in advance, the corresponding reverse noise signals are generated, and the seismic data after the noise is eliminated after being overlapped with the seismic data.
The seismic data acquisition method of the embodiment includes the steps of:
step 100, laying a plurality of single points on the complex terrain, and placing a single seismic node device for active noise reduction on each single point.
Step 200, before seismic acquisition and excitation, the seismic node equipment measures environmental noise for multiple times according to actual conditions, performs noise characteristic analysis on the measured environmental noise, and counts characteristic parameters of the environmental noise.
In step 200, performing noise characteristic analysis on the measured environmental noise to determine random noise and regular noise in the environmental noise; the regular noise is an interference wave with a certain main frequency and apparent speed, and the main frequency and the propagation direction of the random noise are not fixed.
In step 200, the statistical analysis of the characteristic parameters of the environmental noise specifically includes the following steps:
step 201, generating a spectrogram of the environmental noise collected for multiple times, and analyzing frequency and amplitude changes in the spectrogram of the environmental noise to identify regular noise and random noise in the environmental noise;
step 202, calculating the mean and variance of the random noise by using a Bayesian statistical system, and taking the mean and variance of the random noise as prior information of the random noise;
and 203, recording the appearance position of the regular noise in the spectrogram, and counting the dominant frequency and the visual speed of the regular noise.
Aiming at regular noise with certain dominant frequency, automatically scanning the dominant frequency and recording the dominant frequency and position information of the dominant frequency; and aiming at regular noise with certain apparent velocity, automatically tracking a noise homophase axis on the spectrogram section of the environmental noise, scanning the apparent velocity, and recording the apparent velocity and position information of the environmental noise.
That is, when the environmental noise is collected in advance, the embodiment determines and determines the random noise and the regular noise in the environmental noise, and counts the characteristic parameters of the environmental noise, such as the mean and the variance of the random noise, the appearance position of the regular noise in the spectrogram, and counts the dominant frequency and the visual velocity of the regular noise.
It should be added that each time seismic data acquisition is activated, a shot gather is generated, each shot gather is formed by collecting data acquired by a plurality of single points, and in the denoising work in the seismic data processing link, one shot gather is operated, and noise is eliminated on the shot gather.
In addition, the noise identification and elimination according to the present embodiment are also performed on shot gathers, and the collection of a plurality of environmental noises forms a shot gather of a plurality of environmental noises, and the feature analysis of the environmental noises is also performed on the shot gather.
Step 300, collecting seismic data by using the seismic node equipment, identifying a noise signal in the seismic data collected this time according to the measured environmental noise characteristic parameters, generating a reverse noise signal of the noise signal, and overlapping the reverse noise signal and the seismic data collected this time to actively reduce noise.
In the step 300, generating an inverse noise signal of the noise signal includes: generating an inverse regular noise signal of the regular noise, and generating an inverse random noise signal of the random noise;
and superposing the reverse regular noise signal and the reverse random noise signal with the seismic data acquired this time for active noise reduction to obtain the seismic signals with the regular noise and the random noise eliminated.
The specific implementation steps of generating the reverse random noise signal of the random noise are as follows:
taking the mean value and the variance of the random noise as prior information;
taking the seismic data acquired this time as observation data, wherein the seismic data are stacking data of effective signals and environmental noise, constructing a likelihood function of the seismic data, and simplifying the seismic data into the sum of the effective signals and random signals;
multiplying the prior information and the likelihood function to construct a posterior probability distribution function, predicting random noise in the acquired seismic data by taking the posterior probability distribution function as a target function, and generating an inverse random noise signal aiming at the acquired seismic data.
Therefore, the embodiment is more suitable for processing random noise which generally exists in nature within a certain time length, and can predict the random noise according to the statistical result
It should be added that, the noise reduction earphone in the prior art also adopts active noise control, and the principle thereof is as follows: 1. the low-frequency noise (100-1000 Hz) (3000 Hz at present) in the environment which can be heard by the ears is detected by a signal microphone arranged in the earphones 2, then the noise signal is transmitted to a control circuit, the control circuit carries out real-time operation 3, sound waves with opposite phases and the same amplitude with the noise are emitted by a Hi-Fi loudspeaker to offset the noise 4, therefore, the noise disappears and cannot be heard, the real-time processing characteristic of the noise reduction earphones is realized, and the regular noise or random noise is not distinguished.
In the embodiment, the noise is divided into the regular noise and the random noise by collecting the continuity of the noise, and the corresponding reverse regular noise and the reverse random noise are generated to perform noise reduction treatment, so that the noise reduction effect is better, and the noise reduction is more thorough.
Further, the specific implementation steps of generating the inverse regular noise signal of the regular noise include:
counting the main frequency and apparent speed of the regular noise as retrieval parameters according to the appearance position of the regular noise in the spectrogram, searching the regular noise in the seismic data acquired this time, and tracking the regular noise;
an inverse regular noise signal of the identified regular noise is generated.
Specifically, in the seismic data acquired this time, the regular noise is searched by using the position information as an index, and then the regular noise is adaptively identified through the main frequency and the apparent velocity information, so that the accuracy of searching the regular noise is improved.
The step is suitable for processing regular noise which extends for a certain time length in the nature, the regular noise can be identified in a self-adaptive mode according to the parameters, and noise collected by active noise reduction equipment in the prior art, such as an active noise reduction earphone, is noise at a certain moment, and has no certain continuity, namely, no regular concept.
And step 400, outputting the seismic data subjected to noise reduction through a wireless communication module, taking the seismic data as seismic data acquired by the seismic station at the point, and remotely transmitting the seismic data to a console for quality monitoring.
It should be noted that the whole process of acquiring seismic data includes: the three links of acquisition, processing and explanation are carried out in the acquisition link, which is equivalent to moving part of the work which should be carried out in the processing link to the acquisition link, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired seismic data is improved, the intelligence of the acquisition link is improved, and the quality control of single-point acquisition can be better carried out.
Example 2
The seismic node device mentioned in embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, specifically includes: the geophone comprises a geophone 1, a noise detection module 2, a central processing unit 3, a communication module 4 and a power supply module 5, wherein the power supply module 5 is connected with the central processing unit 3 and provides power for the central processing unit 3.
The geophone 1 is used for acquiring seismic data of a work environment and environmental noise within the work environment.
The noise detection module 2 is connected with the output end of the geophone 1, and the noise detection module 2 is used for receiving the environmental noise acquired by the geophone 1 for multiple times and carrying out noise characteristic statistical analysis on the acquired environmental noise.
The noise detection module 2 generates a spectrogram of the environmental noise collected for a plurality of times, and analyzes frequency and amplitude variations in the spectrogram of the environmental noise to identify regular noise and random noise in the environmental noise.
The noise detection module 2 further comprises a random noise marking unit, wherein the random noise marking unit calculates the mean and the variance of the random noise by using a bayesian statistical system, and uses the mean and the variance of the random noise as the prior information of the random noise.
For field seismic signal acquisition, noise is generally divided into regular noise and random noise. Regular noise is typically an interference wave with a certain dominant frequency and apparent velocity, such as a surface wave, a sound wave, and so forth. The dominant frequency and the propagation direction of random noise are not fixed, such as wind blowing grass movement, machine running and the like.
The effective frequency band of the seismic signals is generally between 0Hz and 200Hz, and the excessive signals can be directly removed through a filtering system, so the denoising processing in the embodiment specifically removes the noise in the seismic signals between 0Hz and 200Hz.
The central processing unit 3 is connected with the geophone 1 and the noise detection module 2, and the central processing unit 3 generates an inverse noise signal of the environmental noise counted by the noise detection module 2 and actively reduces the noise of the seismic data by using the inverse noise signal.
It should be added that the seismic data acquired in real time are stacked data of effective signals and environmental noise, the seismic data are simplified to be the sum of the effective signals and random signals, and a function model construction module for constructing a likelihood function of the seismic data is arranged in the central processing unit 3 to perform digital processing on the seismic data.
The central processing unit 3 includes a regular noise reverse signal generating unit and a regular noise suppressing unit, and the regular noise reverse signal generating unit generates a corresponding reverse signal based on a spectrogram of the regular noise.
And the regular noise suppression unit is used for superposing the reverse signal of the regular noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone 1 to generate the seismic data after the regular noise is suppressed.
The central processing unit 3 further comprises a random noise reverse signal generating unit and a random noise suppressing unit, wherein the random noise reverse signal generating unit multiplies the prior information by the likelihood function, constructs a posterior probability distribution function, directly calculates the random noise carried in the seismic data, and generates a reverse signal corresponding to the random noise.
And the random noise suppression unit is used for superposing the reverse signal of the random noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone 1 to generate the seismic data after the random noise is suppressed.
The communication module 4 is connected with the central processing unit 3, and the communication module 4 is used for receiving the seismic data after active noise reduction and outputting the seismic data after active noise reduction in a wireless communication mode.
It should be noted that, in seismic signal processing, regular noise is usually partially suppressed by a detector combination in an acquisition stage, and the remaining regular noise is further suppressed by a subsequent data processing link after being transmitted to a console, but the detector combination may cause problems of frequency reduction, wave mixing, inconsistency of corresponding characteristics among detectors in a string, and the like, and reduces fidelity of field seismic acquisition signals. Meanwhile, compared with single detector collection, the field workload can be increased, the single detector collection has the advantages, but compared with the detector combination collection, the signal to noise ratio collected by the existing detector is low, and the quality is poor.
However, the present embodiment differs from the prior art in that:
this application is integrated noise detection module 2 and central processing unit 3 in current geophone, fall promptly and fall the noise at the collection end initiative of seismic node, be exactly in order to improve the SNR of gathering the signal, when keeping single geophone collection advantage, strengthen its SNR of gathering the signal in addition, though this embodiment falls the earphone with the initiative among the prior art and all utilizes to generate the reverse signal and carry out the principle of falling the noise of initiatively, the principle of falling the noise of initiatively of geophone promptly and the part that the earphone is the same falls the earphone of initiatively lie in: an inverse signal is generated to suppress ambient noise.
The active noise reduction earphone is used for collecting current noise and generating a reverse signal, the moment is considered to be the same as the next moment of noise, and the reverse signal and the next moment of noise are superposed for noise reduction;
the active noise reduction is to identify the environmental noise during acquisition by acquiring the environmental noise for multiple times and analyzing the characteristics of the frequency, the amplitude and the like of the environmental noise, generate a reverse signal at the acquisition time and suppress the environmental noise.
The active noise reduction earphone is characterized by instantaneity, namely, a reverse signal is generated immediately after environmental noise is collected, and a signal at a certain moment is processed. However, the seismic data acquisition cannot be carried out in such an instant reverse manner, because the effective signals need time in underground propagation, and the seismic data need a long-time record, and according to the characteristic, the noise on the shot gather can be divided into a regular noise and a random noise, so that the embodiment generates corresponding reverse signals of the regular noise and the random noise, and the noise reduction effect is better.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made to the disclosure by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction, comprising:
the geophone (1) is used for acquiring seismic data of a working environment and environmental noise in the working environment;
the noise detection module (2) is connected with the output end of the geophone (1), and the noise detection module (2) is used for receiving the environmental noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone (1) for multiple times and carrying out noise characteristic statistical analysis on the acquired environmental noise;
the central processing unit (3) is arranged in the geophone (1) and connected with the noise detection module (2), the central processing unit (3) generates an inverse noise signal of environmental noise counted by the noise detection module (2), and the inverse noise signal is used for actively reducing noise of the seismic data of the geophone (1);
the communication module (4) is connected with the central processing unit (3), and the communication module (4) is used for receiving the seismic data subjected to active noise reduction and outputting the seismic data subjected to active noise reduction in a wireless communication mode;
and the power supply module (5) is connected with the central processing unit (3) and provides power supply for the central processing unit (3).
2. The seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction of claim 1,
the noise detection module (2) is used for statistically analyzing environmental noise which is divided into regular noise and random noise, wherein the regular noise is interference waves with certain main frequency and apparent speed, and the main frequency and the propagation direction of the random noise are not fixed;
wherein the effective frequency band of the seismic data is generally between 0Hz and 200Hz.
3. The seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction according to claim 1,
the seismic data are stacked data of effective signals and environmental noise, the seismic data are simplified into the sum of the effective signals and random signals, and a function model building module for building a likelihood function of the seismic data is arranged in the central processing unit (3).
4. The seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction according to claim 1,
the noise detection module (2) generates a spectrogram of the environmental noise collected for multiple times, and analyzes frequency and amplitude changes in the spectrogram of the environmental noise to identify regular noise and random noise in the environmental noise.
5. The seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction according to claim 4,
the central processing unit (3) comprises a regular noise reverse signal generating unit and a regular noise suppressing unit, wherein the regular noise reverse signal generating unit generates corresponding reverse signals based on a spectrogram of the regular noise;
and the regular noise suppression unit is used for superposing the reverse signal of the regular noise and the seismic data acquired by the seismic detector (1) to generate the seismic data after the regular noise is suppressed.
6. The seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction according to claim 3,
the noise detection module (2) further comprises a random noise marking unit, wherein the random noise marking unit calculates the mean value and the variance of the random noise by using a Bayesian statistical system, and uses the mean value and the variance of the random noise as the prior information of the random noise.
7. The seismic single point acquisition device for active noise reduction according to claim 6,
the central processing unit (3) further comprises a random noise reverse signal generating unit and a random noise suppressing unit;
the random noise reverse signal generating unit multiplies the prior information with the likelihood function, constructs a posterior probability distribution function, directly calculates the random noise carried in the seismic data and generates a reverse signal corresponding to the random noise;
and the random noise suppression unit is used for superposing the reverse signal of the random noise and the seismic data acquired by the geophone (1) to generate the seismic data after the random noise is suppressed.
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