CN110967760A - Noise reduction processing method and device for micro-seismic data - Google Patents
Noise reduction processing method and device for micro-seismic data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a noise reduction processing method of micro seismic data, which comprises the following steps: acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector; generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information; and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction. By the scheme of the invention, the noise information of the noise source in the micro seismic data is subjected to noise reduction treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microseism monitoring data processing technology, in particular to a noise reduction processing method and device for microseism data.
Background
The microseism monitoring technology is mainly applied to the petroleum and natural gas industry, the coal industry, the engineering safety monitoring and the geological disaster prediction. In the petroleum and gas industry, the microseism monitoring technology can monitor the microseism event generated by underground rock fracture in the fracturing construction process, judge the fracture position, the fracture type and the fracture energy of the underground rock through seismic source positioning and seismic magnitude measurement, and finally evaluate the effect of artificial fracturing and the optimization of construction parameters, which has very important significance for improving the fracturing efficiency, reducing the total development cost and improving the economic benefit.
Due to weak energy (Rie-3- +1 level), natural noise on the ground, human movement, and huge noise of passing vehicles and construction vehicles, the geophone collects a large amount of noise while receiving microseismic signals, although the interference of the natural noise on the ground can be greatly reduced by deeply burying the geophone, the method is complex in operation, high in difficulty and high in cost, the noise interference generated by the natural environment can be only reduced, and the largest noise source in the fracturing construction, such as the noise of the construction vehicles on the well site, the pumping unit near the well site and other engineering equipment, cannot be effectively solved by deeply burying the geophone.
At present, a common denoising method for micro-seismic data is denoising through filtering or wavelet analysis, but many noises and effective signals are often difficult to distinguish in the same frequency band, so that the effective micro-seismic signals are greatly affected while the noises are suppressed in the processing process, the signals are often distorted, and the precision and accuracy of monitoring the micro-seismic data are seriously affected. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of noise reduction of the micro-seismic data in the prior art, how to effectively perform noise reduction of the micro-seismic data with respect to a noise source is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for denoising microseism data, which can monitor a noise source and utilize monitoring data to denoise main detector data, thereby improving the quality of the microseism data.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a method for denoising microseismic data, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector;
generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information;
and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the obtaining noise information collected by the noise detector and micro-seismic data collected by the main detector, the method further comprises:
arranging a noise detector according to the position information of the noise source;
wherein the noise sources include a fixed noise source and a random noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the noise information includes:
the waveform characteristics of a fixed noise source and the waveform characteristics of a random noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, the method further includes:
acquiring a pre-established and corrected speed field, wherein the speed field covers the space position of a main detector and the space position of a noise detector;
reversing the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector by using the speed field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information;
and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, after inverting the waveform characteristic change corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector, the method further includes:
and establishing a propagation field of the noise source according to the noise propagation time difference obtained by inversion from each noise detector to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the obtaining noise information collected by the noise detector and micro-seismic data collected by the main detector, the method further comprises:
the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain basic environment noise data of the respective detectors;
and the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environment noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the obtained basic environment noise data.
In an exemplary embodiment, the generating noise reduction data for a noise source according to the noise information includes:
combining the noise information acquired by the noise detector with the basic environment noise offset data of the noise detector to acquire noise source data without the basic environment noise;
and according to the propagation field of the noise source, calculating the noise source data of the noise detectors without the basic environment noise to obtain the noise reduction data of the noise source from each noise detector to each main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, the denoising the microseismic data according to the denoising data of the noise source to generate denoised effective microseismic data includes:
combining the micro-seismic data with basic environment noise offset data of the main detector to obtain micro-seismic data without basic environment noise;
and performing superposition calculation on the micro-seismic data without the basic environment noise and the noise reduction data of the noise source to obtain the effective micro-seismic data after noise reduction.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention further provides a device for noise reduction processing of microseismic data, the device comprising: a memory and a processor;
the memory is used for storing a program for noise reduction processing of the micro seismic data;
the processor is used for reading the program for executing the noise reduction processing of the micro seismic data and executing the following operations:
acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector;
generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information;
and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction.
In an exemplary embodiment, before acquiring the noise information collected by the noise detector and the micro-seismic data collected by the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
arranging a noise detector according to the position information of the noise source;
wherein the noise sources include a fixed noise source and a random noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the noise information includes:
the waveform characteristics of a fixed noise source and the waveform characteristics of a random noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, the processor further performs the following operations:
acquiring a pre-established and corrected speed field, wherein the speed field covers the space position of a main detector and the space position of a noise detector;
reversing the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector by using the speed field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information;
and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, after inverting the waveform characteristic change corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
and establishing a propagation field of the noise source according to the noise propagation time difference obtained by inversion from each noise detector to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the obtaining the noise information collected by the noise detector and the micro-seismic data collected by the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain basic environment noise data of the respective detectors;
and the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environment noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the obtained basic environment noise data.
In an exemplary embodiment, the generating noise reduction data for a noise source according to the noise information includes:
combining the noise information acquired by the noise detector with the basic environment noise offset data of the noise detector to acquire noise source data without the basic environment noise;
and according to the propagation field of the noise source, calculating the noise source data of the noise detectors without the basic environment noise to obtain the noise reduction data of the noise source from each noise detector to each main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, the denoising the microseismic data according to the denoising data of the noise source to generate denoised effective microseismic data includes:
combining the micro-seismic data with basic environment noise offset data of the main detector to obtain micro-seismic data without basic environment noise;
and performing superposition calculation on the micro-seismic data without the basic environment noise and the noise reduction data of the noise source to obtain the effective micro-seismic data after noise reduction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a noise reduction processing method of microseism data, which comprises the following steps: acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector; generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information; and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction. According to the scheme, noise reduction processing can be performed on the data of the main detector by monitoring the noise source and utilizing the monitoring data, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the microseism data is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for denoising microseismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for denoising microseismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary microseismic data acquisition system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an exemplary method for denoising microseismic data in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary surface microseismic monitoring wellsite placement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a surface layout of detectors in a wellsite for ground microseismic monitoring in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an exemplary micro-seismic fracture monitoring and noise reduction process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for denoising microseismic data according to an embodiment of the invention.
And 101, acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector.
In this embodiment, the noise detector collects noise information of the noise source, and the primary detector, i.e., the geophone, collects microseismic data. Wherein, the micro-seismic data collected by the main detector contains noise information. The main detector, i.e. the geophone, can be a three-component high-sensitivity detector, the three-component detector comprises XYZ three components, each component needs to correspond to a small detector, and the detectors of three different components are superposed and combined together to form a three-component combined detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector, arranging the noise detector according to position information of a noise source; wherein the noise sources include a fixed noise source and a random noise source. In this embodiment, the position of the fixed noise source is not particularly limited, and may be a noise source outside the well field where the micro-seismic data is collected, or may be a noise source inside the well field. The fixed noise source, such as a fracturing well site, an oil pumping unit, a pump and the like which generate huge noise, is used as the fixed noise source; such as highways, villages, hills of easily collapsing rocks, etc.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the noise information collected by the noise detector and the microseism data collected by the main detector, the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain basic environment noise data of the respective detectors; and the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environment noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the obtained basic environment noise data. In the embodiment, before noise information collected by a noise detector and micro-seismic data collected by a main detector, a well site is kept quiet, and the noise detector and the main detector are started in advance to collect basic environment noise data, namely the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain the basic environment noise data of the respective detectors; after acquiring the basic environmental noise data, the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environmental noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the acquired basic environmental noise data.
And 102, generating noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information.
In this embodiment, noise information collected by the noise detector in step 101 is used to perform corresponding processing on the noise information, so as to generate noise reduction data of the noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the waveform characteristics of the fixed noise source and the waveform characteristics of the random noise source.
In one exemplary embodiment, a pre-established and corrected velocity field is obtained before generating noise reduction data for a noise source from the noise information, wherein the velocity field is a velocity field covering a primary detector spatial location and a noise detector spatial location; reversing the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector by using the speed field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information; and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In the embodiment, a longitudinally-variable and transversely-uniform basic velocity field is established in advance according to the acoustic wave time difference data of a target well and an adjacent well in a micro-seismic data acquisition well site, and the velocity field can cover the space position of a main detector and the space position of a noise detector. Considering that the transverse and longitudinal velocity fields in the actual geological condition are changed, the established basic velocity field needs to be corrected by utilizing the known events, such as perforation, packer setting and the like, the occurrence positions and the recognizable events for generating the micro seismic signals underground, so as to obtain the corrected velocity field which is closer to the actual geological condition and is changed in the transverse and longitudinal directions. In the present embodiment, the method of correcting the velocity field is not particularly limited.
After the corrected velocity field is obtained, the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector is inverted by using the corrected velocity field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information; and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector. Wherein the waveform characteristic change comprises amplitude, energy, frequency and the like.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, after inverting the waveform characteristic change corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector, a propagation field of the noise source is established according to the inverted noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector. In this embodiment, the conversion relation included in the propagation field is a kind of conversion relation that can convert the noise information of the noise source collected by the noise detector into the noise information of the noise source corresponding to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, the noise information obtained by the noise detector is combined with the basic environmental noise cancellation data of the noise detector to obtain noise source data without basic environmental noise; and according to the propagation field of the noise source, calculating the noise source data of the noise detectors without the basic environment noise to obtain the noise reduction data of the noise source from each noise detector to each main detector.
And 103, performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction.
In this embodiment, the micro-seismic data is denoised according to the denoising data of the noise source obtained in step 102, and effective micro-seismic data after denoising is generated. The noise reduction processing may adopt an active noise reduction processing method, or may adopt other noise reduction processing methods.
In an exemplary embodiment, the denoising the microseismic data according to the denoising data of the noise source to generate denoised effective microseismic data includes: combining the micro-seismic data with basic environment noise offset data of the main detector to obtain micro-seismic data without basic environment noise; and overlapping and combining the micro-seismic data without the basic environment noise and the noise reduction data of the noise source to obtain the effective micro-seismic data after noise reduction.
In order to solve the above problem, as shown in fig. 2, in order to solve the above problem, the present invention further provides a noise reduction processing apparatus for micro-seismic data, the apparatus including: a memory and a processor;
the memory is used for storing a program for noise reduction processing of the micro seismic data;
the processor is used for reading the program for executing the noise reduction processing of the micro seismic data and executing the following operations:
acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector;
generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information;
and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction.
In an exemplary embodiment, before acquiring the noise information collected by the noise detector and the micro-seismic data collected by the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
arranging a noise detector according to the position information of the noise source;
wherein the noise sources include a fixed noise source and a random noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the noise information includes:
the waveform characteristics of a fixed noise source and the waveform characteristics of a random noise source.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, the processor further performs the following operations:
acquiring a pre-established and corrected speed field, wherein the speed field covers the space position of a main detector and the space position of a noise detector;
reversing the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector by using the speed field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information;
and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information, after inverting the waveform characteristic change corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
and establishing a propagation field of the noise source according to the noise propagation time difference obtained by inversion from each noise detector to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the obtaining the noise information collected by the noise detector and the micro-seismic data collected by the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain basic environment noise data of the respective detectors;
and the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environment noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the obtained basic environment noise data.
In an exemplary embodiment, the generating noise reduction data for a noise source according to the noise information includes:
combining the noise information acquired by the noise detector with the basic environment noise offset data of the noise detector to acquire noise source data without the basic environment noise;
and according to the propagation field of the noise source, calculating the noise source data of the noise detectors without the basic environment noise to obtain the noise reduction data of the noise source from each noise detector to each main detector.
In an exemplary embodiment, the denoising the microseismic data according to the denoising data of the noise source to generate denoised effective microseismic data includes:
combining the micro-seismic data with basic environment noise offset data of the main detector to obtain micro-seismic data without basic environment noise;
and performing superposition calculation on the micro-seismic data without the basic environment noise and the noise reduction data of the noise source to obtain the effective micro-seismic data after noise reduction.
Application example one:
an exemplary embodiment, a microseismic data acquisition system, is shown in FIG. 3:
the microseism data acquisition system comprises: a microseismic data acquisition unit 301; a velocity field acquisition unit 302; a noise acquisition unit 303; a data transmission unit 304; a data processing unit 305;
the microseism data acquisition unit 301 is used for acquiring microseism data of an underground microseism event; the microseismic events include, but are not limited to: minor seismic events resulting from the fracture of downhole rock during fracturing operations and the like.
The micro-seismic data acquisition unit includes: seismic signal acquisition unit 3011, spatial locator 3012, ground drill 3013, data storage 3014, ground drill 3015.
The seismic signal collector 3011 is used for collecting microseism data by using a main detector;
a spatial locator 3012, configured to obtain spatial position information of the detector;
a data memory 3014 for storing microseismic data;
and the ground drill 3015 is used for deeply burying the main detector. The microseism signal collector can comprise a plurality of three-component high-sensitivity detectors serving as main detectors to collect microseism data, and the three-component high-sensitivity detectors are adopted to improve the monitoring sensitivity of the microseism data of monitoring points. The space locator can adopt a GPS/Beidou positioning system and is used for acquiring accurate position information, altitude and the like of the detector; the ground borer is used for deeply burying the main detector so as to reduce the ground surface noise interference and the ground surface attenuation of seismic signals and improve the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the microseism data monitoring; the data memory is used for acquiring the micro-seismic data acquired by the seismic signal acquisition unit.
A velocity field acquisition unit 302 for acquiring velocity field data corresponding to the acquired micro-seismic data;
and establishing a velocity field covering the micro-seismic signal collector and the noise signal collector according to the acoustic time difference data of the target well and the adjacent wells, and correcting the obtained velocity field by utilizing the known micro-seismic events such as perforation, separator arrangement and the like. The method for correcting the velocity field in the seismic detection can comprise the following steps: firstly, establishing a longitudinally-changed and transversely-uniform velocity field by using logging acoustic time differences of a target well and adjacent wells; considering that the transverse and longitudinal velocity fields in the actual geological condition are changed, after the uniform velocity field is established, the well-established uniform velocity field is corrected by utilizing the events of known occurrence events, occurrence positions and recognizable underground micro seismic signals, such as perforation, packer and the like, so as to obtain the corrected velocity field which is closer to the actual geological condition and is changed in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
A noise obtaining unit 303, configured to obtain noise information. The noise acquisition unit is provided with a noise detector at a corresponding position of the noise source, and the noise detector is used for monitoring the noise waveform characteristics of the noise source. Wherein, the acquired noise information also comprises basic environment noise information. The noise sources include fixed noise sources and random noise sources. For example: the fixed noise source may include: noise of construction vehicles at a well site, oil pumping units near the well site and other engineering equipment; the random noise sources may include road-passing vehicles, villages, human activities, and ground natural noise. The specific location of the noise source is not particularly limited, and may be a noise source outside the well field or a noise source inside the well field.
The noise signal collector 3031 is used for collecting microseism data by using a main detector;
a spatial locator 3032, configured to obtain spatial position information of the detector;
a data memory 3034 for storing microseismic data;
a ground drill 3035 for deep burying the primary geophone. The noise signal collector can comprise a plurality of three-component high-sensitivity detectors serving as main detectors to collect microseism data, and the three-component high-sensitivity detectors are adopted to improve the monitoring sensitivity of the microseism data of monitoring points. The space locator can adopt a GPS/Beidou positioning system and is used for acquiring accurate position information, altitude and the like of the detector; the ground borer is used for deeply burying the noise detector so as to reduce the noise interference of the ground surface and improve the signal to noise ratio; the data memory is used for obtaining the noise data obtained by the noise signal collector.
And the data transmission unit 304 is used for transmitting the micro-seismic data and the noise information collected by the main detector and the noise detector to a data center of the well site, and uploading the micro-seismic data and the noise information from the data center to the cloud computer for subsequent data processing.
And the data processing unit 305 is used for processing the micro-seismic data according to the acquired noise information. The specific implementation process of the processing operation may be: and performing data screening, denoising, migration stacking and other processing on the micro seismic data according to the velocity field data obtained by the velocity field obtaining unit 302 and the noise information obtained by the noise obtaining unit 303 to obtain an interpretation result of the micro seismic data.
Application example two:
in an exemplary embodiment, a method for denoising microseismic data includes the following steps of 4:
step 400. the noise detector and the primary detector acquire basic ambient noise data.
In this step, the basic environmental noise is noise caused by natural environmental reasons, that is, noise information under a well site quiet condition collected by the noise detector and the main detector when the field is kept quiet before micro-seismic data are collected and no noise is generated by equipment, human beings and the like.
And step 401, acquiring noise information acquired by the noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by the main detector.
In this step, the noise information is noise information collected by a noise detector which is separately provided; the microseismic data is microseismic data collected by a primary detector. The noise detector is arranged according to the position information of the noise source of the well site, and the noise source comprises a fixed noise source and a random noise source. The noise information collected by the noise detector includes waveform characteristics of the fixed noise source and waveform characteristics of the random noise source. The noise information collected by the noise detector comprises environmental noise information and noise information of a noise source.
And 402, generating noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information.
In this step, the specific implementation process of generating the noise reduction data of the noise source according to the noise information includes:
step 4021, speed field is established and corrected in advance.
1. Logging curves: the method is used for collecting the data of the acoustic time difference logging curve of the fracturing well, such as acoustic time difference logging curves, array acoustic curves and other data.
2. Establishing an initial velocity field: and establishing a seismic wave propagation velocity field by using the acoustic logging data, wherein the velocity field is a non-homogeneous velocity field in the vertical direction and is a homogeneous velocity field in the transverse direction. The initial velocity field is a velocity field that covers the microseismic detector spatial location and the noise detector spatial location.
3. Perforation or spacer placement events: an event that produces a microseismic event at a particular depth downhole is a downhole event that produces a microseismic event at a pre-set temporal and spatial location downhole.
4. Correcting the velocity field: the initial velocity field established by logging is corrected by utilizing the known events such as perforation, packer setting and the like, the known occurrence position and the recognizable events which can generate micro seismic signals underground, so that a new velocity field which is more consistent with the actual underground situation and changes in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is formed.
Step 4022, performing reverse performance on the corresponding noise propagation time difference from each noise detector to the main detector by using the corrected speed field, the position information of the main detector and the position information of the noise detectors;
and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
And 4023, establishing a propagation field of the noise source according to the noise propagation time difference obtained by inversion and corresponding to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change obtained by inversion and corresponding to the main detector.
And 4024, generating basic environment noise cancellation data according to the basic environment noise information acquired by the noise detector.
And 4025, combining the noise source data acquired by the noise detector with the basic environment noise cancellation data to generate noise data of the noise source without the basic environment noise.
And 4026, calculating the noise information of the basic environment noise removal of each noise detector according to the propagation field of the noise source to obtain the noise signal from each noise detector to the noise source of each main detector, and forming the noise reduction data of each main detector according to the noise signal.
And step 4027, generating basic environmental noise cancellation data of each primary detector according to the basic noise information obtained by the primary detectors.
And 4028, combining and offsetting the basic environmental noise according to the basic environmental noise offset data of the primary detectors and the micro seismic data obtained by the primary detectors in construction to generate micro seismic data without the basic environmental noise.
And 403, superposing the micro-seismic data subjected to noise reduction of the basic environment and the active noise reduction data of each main detector to offset noise of a noise source, and obtaining effective micro-seismic data subjected to noise reduction.
Step 404, data imaging: if the denoising result of the denoising-processed effective micro-seismic data meets a preset standard, performing migration imaging processing on the denoising-processed effective micro-seismic data to form a final data imaging result;
and if the denoising result of the effective microseism data subjected to denoising does not meet the preset standard, skipping to step 402, optimizing relevant parameters in steps 402 and 403, and repeatedly executing steps 402 and 403.
Application example three:
in an exemplary embodiment, a surface microseismic monitoring wellsite placement schematic is shown in FIG. 5:
The ground micro seismic signal acquisition device is uniformly arranged around the fracturing well according to a certain rule. The arrangement requirements are as follows: each unit is formed by combining 2-4 independent three-component micro-geophones so as to improve the monitoring sensitivity of a single point; the buried depth of the detector is 0.2-100m, which is determined by the monitoring environment; the distance between the position of the detector and a fracturing construction well site is more than 1km, so that the noise interference of the well site construction operation on the detector is reduced.
The ground micro-seismic monitoring detector is a three-component detector, the number of the detectors in different directions of the target well is consistent under an ideal state, and the monitoring precision is higher as the number of the detectors is larger. Fig. 4 shows only a small number of detectors as an illustration, and a simultaneous monitoring method of tens or hundreds of detectors is adopted in actual monitoring.
The device 102 is a ground device of a field micro-seismic monitoring station, and comprises a micro-seismic controller, a recording device, a power supply device and a wireless transmission device, wherein each ground device is connected with a group of micro-seismic detectors, namely main detectors, of a sampling point, and micro-seismic signals received by the main detectors are recorded and transmitted to a field data center in real time. The device can also realize remote startup and shutdown to save the consumption of the battery. For the area with a large monitoring range, a wireless signal repeater can be additionally arranged, so that the signal intensity is enhanced, and the monitoring range is enlarged.
The device 103 is a noise signal microseismic acquisition device, namely a noise detector. The device is similar to 101 in configuration, but the arrangement range is centered around a huge, definite or relatively definite noise source, such as a fracturing well site, an oil pumping unit, a pump and the like, and real-time micro seismic signals of the noise source are collected. This example places the noise detectors around the well site and near the pump, closer to the fractured well site and pump than the primary detectors 101.
The device 104 is an oil pumping unit, which serves as an external noise source in this example. When the well site fracturing is monitored, the interference of adjacent wells and equipment machines is required, the influence of vibration and emitted noise of the pumping unit on the embedded detectors is large on the ground, and formed underground vibration signals are main noise interference of the micro-seismic detectors, namely the main detectors.
The device 105 is a field data processing center of a well field, mainly collects microseismic signals of all detectors, performs data summarization, compression and encryption, and finally transmits field data to a cloud computer in a wireless data transmission mode. In the debugging phase, the device 105 also performs the debugging, rectification, positioning and other operations of each micro-geophone. Under necessary conditions, according to the field conditions, the field data center can be provided with high-performance computing equipment to complete the field processing and interpretation work of data and track the construction progress in real time.
The device 106 is a cloud computing device, which is usually deployed in a computing center or data center at a different location, equipped with several high-performance computers, and capable of quickly performing data processing and computing.
Application example four:
in an exemplary embodiment, a surface microseismic monitoring wellsite geophone layout schematic is shown in FIG. 6:
601 is a ground well site;
602 are ground active signal microseismic monitoring units, each unit containing 2-4 three-component detectors and equipped with a battery pack and wireless transmission equipment. The ground monitoring units are arranged in multiple ways, the number of ground monitoring tracks, the number of detectors and the arrangement mode can be redesigned according to the actual ground environment, and the star arrangement mode is adopted as an indication in the embodiment.
603 is a surface noise collection unit whose equipment composition is substantially identical to 602, but 603 is disposed closer to the wellhead and near the stationary noise sources, collecting noise information of the stationary noise sources. 603 may be arranged in a region where people or vehicles move, such as a road or a village, and noise of human movement is extracted.
The pumping unit is the fixed noise source set by the present example at 604.
Application example five:
in an exemplary embodiment, a micro-seismic fracture monitoring and noise reduction process flow is shown in FIG. 7:
step 701, designing a micro seismic fracture monitoring scheme: designing an arrangement mode and an embedding depth of the micro seismic detectors according to the topographic conditions and geological characteristics of a well site and by combining the depth and the requirements of a monitored horizon; and analyzing the well site noise source, and designing a layout mode of the noise detectors for fixing the noise source and the potential noise source.
Step 702, field monitoring equipment arrangement: establishing a field data center, assembling a control system and wireless transmission equipment; drilling by adopting a drill or drilling equipment, and embedding a microseismic detector, namely a main detector and a noise detector; and connecting the geophones, namely the main geophone and the noise geophone, the wireless transmission equipment and the battery pack.
Step 703, debugging the monitoring system: testing whether the remote startup and shutdown of each monitoring unit is normal, and if the startup or shutdown fails, maintaining and replacing equipment in time; testing whether the signals received by each detector are normal or not, and if the signals are obviously wrong or have no signals, carrying out on-site inspection, maintenance and replacement; testing whether the battery pack of each monitoring unit is sufficient, and if the battery pack is insufficient, replacing or charging the battery pack in time; acquiring spatial position information of each monitoring unit through a GPS or a Beidou system; and (3) analyzing the seismic signals of all monitoring units before construction, if strong noise information is met, changing the arrangement scheme of the main detectors again, selecting a quiet area for arranging the detectors, and performing later-stage noise reduction on the noise detectors arranged at the strong noise source.
Step 704, acquiring basic environment noise signals: before construction, the geophone, namely the main geophone and the noise geophone, is started for a period of time in advance, and basic environment noise information is acquired.
Step 705, acquiring a speed field noise signal: and acquiring first arrival time and waveform characteristic information through micro seismic signals generated by the construction of a lower separator, a perforation and the like, and correcting a velocity field established by using acoustic logging.
Step 706. continuous acquisition of microseismic data: and in the fracturing construction process, micro-seismic data are continuously acquired and recorded in a memory of each monitoring unit or transmitted to a field data center in real time. The collection of the microseismic data starts before fracturing and the period of reverse discharge of the fracturing ends.
Step 707, denoising the microseism data: and analyzing the acquired noise information, generating noise reduction processing data, and carrying out active noise reduction processing on the acquired original micro-seismic data.
Step 708, data imaging: and carrying out migration imaging processing on the effective microseism data subjected to the noise reduction processing to form a final result.
By the method, the noise detector is arranged for the noise source to collect noise data during micro-seismic monitoring, and the noise data collected by the noise detector is used for carrying out noise reduction on the micro-seismic data, so that the noise reduction effect of the micro-seismic monitoring data can be greatly improved, the method has strong noise reduction capability particularly on a fixed noise source, and can also be used for a non-fixed noise source, such as: people, vehicles, animals and the like also have good noise reduction effect, the signal to noise ratio of data is greatly improved, errors and omission which are easily caused by a conventional method through a feature recognition method are avoided, the processing efficiency and the noise reduction effect are higher, and effective micro-seismic data with low noise and high signal to noise ratio can be obtained.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (16)
1. A method of denoising microseismic data, the method comprising:
acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector;
generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information;
and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction.
2. The method for denoising processing microseism data according to claim 1, wherein before the obtaining the noise information collected by the noise detector and the microseism data collected by the main detector, the method further comprises:
arranging a noise detector according to the position information of the noise source;
wherein the noise sources include a fixed noise source and a random noise source.
3. The method of denoising microseismic data of claim 2 wherein the noise information comprises:
the waveform characteristics of a fixed noise source and the waveform characteristics of a random noise source.
4. The method of denoising processing of microseismic data of claim 3 wherein prior to generating denoising data for a noise source from the noise information, the method further comprises:
acquiring a pre-established and corrected speed field, wherein the speed field covers the space position of a main detector and the space position of a noise detector;
reversing the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector by using the speed field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information;
and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
5. The microseism denoising processing method of claim 4, wherein before the generating denoising data of the noise source according to the noise information, after the inverting the waveform characteristic change corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector, the method further comprises:
and establishing a propagation field of the noise source according to the noise propagation time difference obtained by inversion from each noise detector to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
6. The method for denoising processing microseism data according to claim 5, wherein before the obtaining the noise information collected by the noise detector and the microseism data collected by the main detector, the method further comprises:
the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain basic environment noise data of the respective detectors;
and the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environment noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the obtained basic environment noise data.
7. The method of denoising processing of microseismic data according to claim 6 wherein generating denoising data for a noise source from the noise information comprises:
combining the noise information acquired by the noise detector with the basic environment noise offset data of the noise detector to acquire noise source data without the basic environment noise;
and according to the propagation field of the noise source, calculating the noise source data of the noise detectors without the basic environment noise to obtain the noise reduction data of the noise source from each noise detector to each main detector.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the denoising the microseismic data according to the denoising data of the noise source to generate denoised effective microseismic data comprises:
combining the micro-seismic data with basic environment noise offset data of the main detector to obtain micro-seismic data without basic environment noise;
and performing superposition calculation on the micro-seismic data without the basic environment noise and the noise reduction data of the noise source to obtain the effective micro-seismic data after noise reduction.
9. An apparatus for noise reduction processing of microseismic data, the apparatus comprising: a memory and a processor; the method is characterized in that:
the memory is used for storing a program for noise reduction processing of the micro seismic data;
the processor is used for reading the program for executing the noise reduction processing of the micro seismic data and executing the following operations:
acquiring noise information acquired by a noise detector and micro-seismic data acquired by a main detector;
generating noise reduction data of a noise source according to the noise information;
and performing noise reduction processing on the micro seismic data according to the noise reduction data of the noise source to generate effective micro seismic data after noise reduction.
10. The apparatus for denoising processing microseism data according to claim 9, wherein before acquiring the noise information collected by the noise detector and the microseism data collected by the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
arranging a noise detector according to the position information of the noise source;
wherein the noise sources include a fixed noise source and a random noise source.
11. The apparatus for denoising processing microseismic data according to claim 10 wherein the noise information comprises:
the waveform characteristics of a fixed noise source and the waveform characteristics of a random noise source.
12. The apparatus for denoising processing microseismic data according to claim 11 wherein the processor, prior to generating denoising data for a noise source from the noise information, further performs the following operations:
acquiring a pre-established and corrected speed field, wherein the speed field covers the space position of a main detector and the space position of a noise detector;
reversing the noise propagation time difference corresponding to each noise detector to the main detector by using the speed field, the main detector spatial position information and the noise detector spatial position information;
and according to the noise propagation time difference and the noise source waveform characteristic information collected by each noise detector, reversing the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
13. The microseism denoising apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processor further performs the following operations after the inverting of the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector before the generating of the denoising data of the noise source according to the noise information:
and establishing a propagation field of the noise source according to the noise propagation time difference obtained by inversion from each noise detector to the main detector and the waveform characteristic change from each noise detector to the main detector.
14. The apparatus for denoising processing microseism data according to claim 13, wherein before obtaining the noise information collected by the noise detector and the microseism data collected by the main detector, the processor further performs the following operations:
the noise detector and the main detector respectively obtain basic environment noise data of the respective detectors;
and the noise detector and the main detector respectively generate basic environment noise cancellation data of the corresponding detector according to the obtained basic environment noise data.
15. The apparatus for denoising processing of microseismic data according to claim 14, wherein the generating denoising data of the noise source according to the noise information comprises:
combining the noise information acquired by the noise detector with the basic environment noise offset data of the noise detector to acquire noise source data without the basic environment noise;
and according to the propagation field of the noise source, calculating the noise source data of the noise detectors without the basic environment noise to obtain the noise reduction data of the noise source from each noise detector to each main detector.
16. The microseism denoising processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the denoising the microseism data according to the denoising data of the noise source to generate denoised effective microseism data comprises:
combining the micro-seismic data with basic environment noise offset data of the main detector to obtain micro-seismic data without basic environment noise;
and performing superposition calculation on the micro-seismic data without the basic environment noise and the noise reduction data of the noise source to obtain the effective micro-seismic data after noise reduction.
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