CN115235135B - Gas classification cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tube and injector - Google Patents

Gas classification cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tube and injector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115235135B
CN115235135B CN202210859298.6A CN202210859298A CN115235135B CN 115235135 B CN115235135 B CN 115235135B CN 202210859298 A CN202210859298 A CN 202210859298A CN 115235135 B CN115235135 B CN 115235135B
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stage
evaporator
expansion valve
inlet
outlet
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CN115235135A (en
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李吉冬
许未晴
蔡茂林
苟仲武
杜丙同
李晶
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Shandong Aisuo Technology Group Co ltd
Beihang University
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Shandong Aisuo Technology Group Co ltd
Beihang University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F25B9/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/10—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using combined expansion and separation, e.g. in a vortex tube, "Ranque tube" or a "cyclonic fluid separator", i.e. combination of an isentropic nozzle and a cyclonic separator; Centrifugal separation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/60—Expansion by ejector or injector, e.g. "Gasstrahlpumpe", "venturi mixing", "jet pumps"

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on a vortex tube and an ejector, which consists of at least two stages of refrigeration cycles, wherein each stage of refrigeration cycle comprises a compressor, a condenser, a regenerative heat exchanger, an expansion valve, a three-way control valve, a liquid viewer, a multistage evaporator, an ejector and the like. The outlet of the compressor in each stage of circulation is connected with the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser exchanges heat with the output of the ejector through the regenerative heat exchanger, and the condenser passes through the first stage expansion valve, passes through the three-way control valve, and then enters the high-pressure inlet of the ejector after passing through the high Wen Yiji evaporator to form a first stage of circulation; the other part passes through a second-stage expansion valve and a liquid-viewing device, then passes through a low-temperature first-stage evaporator, and returns to a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to form a second-stage circulation; the two-stage cycle is mixed in the ejector, and the ejector outlet is returned to the compressor after passing through the regenerative heat exchanger. And then the gas is input into a vortex tube for cold-hot separation, the output temperature of a cold end is reduced to be lower than the boiling point, and liquid gas can be obtained after gas-liquid separation.

Description

Gas classification cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tube and injector
Technical Field
The invention relates to the application field of novel energy storage and refrigeration technologies, in particular to a gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on a vortex tube and an ejector.
Background
In industrial production and application, gas liquefaction is an important research content. The gaseous substances are required to be stored and transported in a sealed mode after high pressure is applied due to the low density and low transportation efficiency, the pressure resistance and the sealing performance of the storage tank are required to be high, and the additional use cost is increased. Compared with the prior art, the storage of the liquefied gas can greatly reduce the occupied volume, remarkably improve the transportation efficiency and economic benefit, can store the liquefied gas under lower pressure, and reduce the requirement on the pressure resistance value of the storage container. In addition, the gas is in a cryogenic low-temperature state after liquefaction, can store and carry remarkable cold energy, and has wide application prospects in the fields of refrigeration, energy storage, power generation and the like.
The basic flow of the traditional refrigeration cycle comprises compression, condensation, throttling, evaporation and the like, the general air conditioner refrigeration usually only needs single-stage circulation, when a cryogenic environment needs to be built and gas is liquefied, the required low-temperature degree is not reached through the single-stage refrigeration cycle, one thinking is that the substance to be cooled is subjected to stage cooling by using a plurality of refrigeration cycles through stage refrigeration, and the refrigeration efficiency can be further improved while the cooling difficulty is reduced. The throttle valve is commonly used for isenthalpic expansion cooling of gas in the traditional gas liquefaction process, the energy loss in the throttling process is large, the expander is commonly used for assisting in a large-scale gas liquefaction system, the refrigeration efficiency is higher, the device is more suitable for large-scale centralized energy storage, the device is large in size and complex in structure, and the popularization and the application are limited. Especially for the middle-scale and small-scale liquefaction working demands of distributed energy storage, how to improve the refrigeration working effect needs to be considered, the energy efficiency characteristic is improved, and the energy loss is reduced by adopting small-sized and efficient equipment, so that efficient gas liquefaction production is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on a vortex tube and an ejector, which aims to meet the requirements of medium and small scale distributed liquefaction energy storage, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the gas grading cooling liquefying system based on the vortex tube and the ejector comprises at least two stages of refrigeration cycles, the circulated working medium is refrigerant, the input gas is cooled by each temperature section, and two stages of refrigeration cycles are combined with the ejector through a two-stage expansion valve in each refrigeration cycle to realize two-stage circulation refrigeration; wherein,,
the first-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first compressor, a first condenser, a first regenerative heat exchanger, a first expansion valve, a first three-way control valve, a second expansion valve, a first liquid viewer, a first evaporator, a second evaporator and a first ejector, and respectively forms a first-stage circulation and a second-stage circulation; the expansion valve I and the expansion valve II are a first-stage expansion valve and a second-stage expansion valve in the first-stage refrigeration cycle respectively; the evaporator I and the evaporator II are respectively a high-temperature gear and a low-temperature gear in the first-stage refrigeration cycle;
the first-stage circulation is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor I, a condenser I, a regenerative heat exchanger I, an expansion valve I, a three-way control valve I, an evaporator I and an ejector I, wherein an outlet of the compressor I is connected with an inlet of the condenser I, an outlet of the condenser I is connected with a hot end inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I, a cold end inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I is connected with a medium-pressure outlet of the ejector I, cold ends and hot end working media exchange heat in the regenerative heat exchanger I, a hot end outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I is connected with an inlet of the expansion valve I, a cold end outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I is connected with an inlet of the compressor I, an outlet of the expansion valve I is connected with an inlet of the three-way control valve I, an outlet of one side of the three-way control valve I is connected with a cold end inlet of the evaporator I, and a cold end outlet of the evaporator I is connected with a high-pressure inlet of the ejector I;
the second-stage circulation is composed of a three-way control valve I, an expansion valve II, a liquid viewing device I, an evaporator II and an ejector I, wherein the outlet of the other side of the three-way control valve I is connected with the inlet of the expansion valve II;
the second-stage refrigeration cycle comprises an evaporator I, a compressor II, a condenser II, a regenerative heat exchanger II, an expansion valve III, a three-way control valve II, an expansion valve IV, a liquid viewer II, an evaporator III, an evaporator IV and an ejector II, and respectively forms a third-stage fractional cycle and a fourth-stage fractional cycle; the expansion valve III and the expansion valve IV are a first-stage expansion valve and a second-stage expansion valve in the second-stage refrigeration cycle respectively; the third evaporator and the fourth evaporator are respectively a high-temperature gear and a low-temperature gear in the second-stage refrigeration cycle;
the third-stage sub-circulation is formed by sequentially connecting a second compressor, a second condenser, a second regenerative heat exchanger, a first evaporator, a third expansion valve, a third three-way control valve, the third evaporator and a second ejector, wherein an outlet of the second compressor is connected with an inlet of the second condenser, an outlet of the second condenser is connected with a hot end inlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger, a cold end inlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger is connected with a medium-pressure outlet of the second ejector, cold end and hot end working media exchange heat in the second regenerative heat exchanger, a hot end outlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger subsequently enters another hot end inlet of the first evaporator, precooling is performed by a first-stage sub-circulation of the first refrigeration circulation, the output is connected with an inlet of the third expansion valve, an outlet of the third expansion valve is connected with an inlet of the third three-way control valve, an outlet of one side of the third three-way control valve is connected with a hot end inlet of the third evaporator, and a hot end outlet of the third evaporator is connected with a high-pressure inlet of the second ejector;
the fourth fraction circulation is composed of a three-way control valve II, an expansion valve IV, a liquid viewing device II, an evaporator IV and an ejector II, wherein the outlet of the other side of the three-way control valve II is connected with the inlet of the expansion valve IV, the outlet of the expansion valve IV is connected with the inlet of the liquid viewing device II, the outlet of the liquid viewing device II is connected with the hot end inlet of the evaporator IV, and the hot end outlet of the evaporator IV is connected with the low pressure inlet of the ejector II;
when the system is composed of multi-stage refrigeration cycles, the number of refrigeration cycle stages can be increased on the basis of the first-stage refrigeration cycle and the second-stage refrigeration cycle, the structure of the increased odd-stage refrigeration cycle is the same as that of the first-stage refrigeration cycle, and the structure of the increased even-stage refrigeration cycle is the same as that of the second-stage refrigeration cycle.
In the invention, the first-stage circulation component of each stage of refrigeration circulation comprises a compressor, a condenser, a regenerative heat exchanger, a first-stage expansion valve, a three-way control valve, a high Wen Yidang evaporator and an ejector. The outlet of the compressor is connected with the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser exchanges heat with the output of the ejector through the regenerative heat exchanger, then the outlet of the condenser is divided into two parts through the first-stage expansion valve and the three-way control valve, one part of the refrigerator cools gas through the high Wen Yidang evaporator and then enters the high-pressure inlet of the ejector, the refrigerants at the low-pressure inlet are ejected and mixed, and the cold energy is recovered through the regenerative heat exchanger and then returned to the compressor.
The second-stage circulation component comprises a three-way control valve, a second-stage expansion valve, a liquid viewer, a low Wen Yidang evaporator and an ejector. The other output of the three-way control valve passes through the second-stage expansion valve and the liquid viewing device, then passes through the low-temperature first-gear evaporator, and returns to the low-pressure injection inlet of the ejector, and the refrigerant input by the high-pressure inlet is injected and mixed. The ejector is utilized to eject, the pressure energy in the recovery and decompression process drives the second-stage refrigeration cycle, and the two-stage cooling of air is realized.
Preferably, the ejector in the system is provided with three interfaces, namely a high-pressure inlet, a low-pressure inlet and a medium-pressure outlet, and fluid entering from the high-pressure inlet is mixed after ejecting the fluid at the low-pressure inlet and flows out of the high-pressure inlet and the medium-pressure outlet together.
Preferably, the refrigeration temperature realized by each stage of refrigeration cycle is controlled by the type of the selected refrigerant and the opening degree of the corresponding split-cycle expansion valve.
Preferably, the gas is input into the vortex tube for cold-heat separation after at least two-stage circulation cooling, the cold end output temperature is further reduced and is lower than the boiling point by utilizing the energy separation effect of the vortex tube, and the cold end of the vortex tube outputs a gas-liquid mixed fluid; the gas with lower temperature output by the hot end of the vortex tube flows back to the input end of the front stage to be converged or used for other refrigeration occasions.
Preferably, the gas-liquid mixed fluid is separated by a gas-liquid separator, and the liquid gas product is collected and stored by a dewar.
Preferably, the gas-liquid mixed fluid is separated by a gas-liquid separator, and the obtained cryogenic gas is used for carrying out auxiliary heat exchange cooling on the gas to be cooled which is input before or carrying out reflux and collecting the gas into a front-stage gas input end, so that cold recovery is realized.
Preferably, the number of stages of the refrigeration cycle in the system is increased according to the boiling point of the liquefied gas to be liquefied, and a pre-cooling link is added in combination with the actual refrigeration temperature Duan Geli on the basis of the previous two stages.
Compared with the traditional refrigerating system, the invention realizes the refrigeration of different temperature areas by combining the ejector and the expansion valve, recovers the pressure energy of the refrigerant in different grading cycles by using the ejector, reduces the compression power consumption, carries out cold-heat separation on the gas through the vortex tube after the gas is cooled in multiple stages, further reduces the output temperature of the cold end, and realizes the final liquefaction of the gas. The device structure is simplified, the control flexibility of the refrigerating temperature is improved, and the system energy consumption level is optimized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on a vortex tube and an injector of the present invention, with two stages of circulation being taken as an example.
Reference numerals:
1-compressor I, 2-condenser I, 3-backheating heat exchanger I, 4-expansion valve I, 5-three-way control valve I, 6-expansion valve II, 7-liquid-viewing device I, 8-evaporator I, 9-evaporator II, 10-ejector I, 11-compressor II, 12-condenser II, 13-backheating heat exchanger II, 14-expansion valve III, 15-three-way control valve II, 16-expansion valve IV, 17-liquid-viewing device II, 18-evaporator III, 19-evaporator IV, 20-ejector II, 21-vortex tube, 22-gas-liquid separator, 23-control valve, 24-dewar bottle.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The invention relates to a gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on a vortex tube and an ejector, which consists of at least two stages of refrigeration cycles, wherein the circulated working medium is a refrigerant, and the types of the refrigerant can be selected according to the refrigeration temperature range. Each refrigeration cycle mainly comprises a compressor, a condenser, a regenerative heat exchanger, an expansion valve, a three-way control valve, a liquid viewer, a multi-stage evaporator, an ejector and the like, the refrigeration temperature realized by each stage of refrigeration cycle is sequentially reduced to realize stage-by-stage cooling, and two stages of refrigeration cycles are realized by combining the two-stage expansion valve and the ejector.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking a two-stage cycle as an example.
The embodiment of the invention provides a gas grading cooling liquefaction system based on a vortex tube and an ejector, which consists of a compressor I1, a condenser I2, a regenerative heat exchanger I3, an expansion valve I4, a three-way control valve I5, an expansion valve II 6, a liquid viewer I7, an evaporator I8, an evaporator II 9, an ejector I10, a compressor II 11, a condenser II 12, a regenerative heat exchanger II 13, an expansion valve III 14, a three-way control valve II 15, an expansion valve IV 16, a liquid viewer II 17, an evaporator III 18, an evaporator IV 19, an ejector II 20, a vortex tube 21, a gas-liquid separator 22, a control valve 23 and a dewar bottle 24, wherein a first-stage refrigeration cycle and a second-stage refrigeration cycle are respectively formed, and air is sequentially cooled through a high Wen Yidang evaporator and a low-temperature first-stage evaporator in the partial cycle of each-stage cycle.
The first-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first compressor 1, a first condenser 2, a first regenerative heat exchanger 3, a first expansion valve 4, a first three-way control valve 5, a second expansion valve 6, a first liquid viewer 7, a first evaporator 8, a second evaporator 9 and a first ejector 10, and respectively forms a first-stage fraction cycle and a second-stage fraction cycle; the second-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first evaporator 8, a second compressor 11, a second condenser 12, a second regenerative heat exchanger 13, an expansion valve III 14, a three-way control valve II 15, an expansion valve IV 16, a liquid viewer II 17, an evaporator III 18, an evaporator IV 19 and an ejector II 20, and a third-stage fractional cycle and a fourth-stage fractional cycle are respectively formed. The two-stage refrigeration cycle has similar structure, and the number of the cycle stages can be increased according to actual conditions. In fig. 1, thick lines indicate flow paths of the gas to be cooled, and other lines indicate refrigerant flow paths.
Specifically, in the first-stage refrigeration cycle, the first-stage refrigeration cycle is formed by sequentially connecting a compressor I1, a condenser I2, a regenerative heat exchanger I3, an expansion valve I4 (a first-stage expansion valve), a three-way control valve I5, an evaporator I8 (a high-temperature gear) and an ejector I10, wherein an outlet of the compressor I1 is connected with an inlet of the condenser I2, an outlet of the condenser I2 is connected with a hot end inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I3, a cold end inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I3 is connected with a medium-pressure outlet of the ejector I10, cold end and hot end working media exchange heat in the regenerative heat exchanger I3, a hot end outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I3 is connected with an inlet of the expansion valve I4, a cold end outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger I3 is connected with an inlet of the compressor I1, an outlet of the expansion valve I4 is connected with an inlet of the three-way control valve I5, a left side outlet of the three-way control valve I5 is connected with a cold end inlet of the evaporator I8, and a cold end outlet of the evaporator I8 is connected with a high-pressure inlet of the ejector I10;
in the first-stage refrigeration cycle, the second-stage refrigeration cycle consists of a three-way control valve I5, an expansion valve II 6 (a second-stage expansion valve), a liquid viewing device I7, an evaporator II 9 (a low-temperature gear) and an ejector I10, wherein the right-side outlet of the three-way control valve I5 is connected with the inlet of the expansion valve II 6, the outlet of the expansion valve II 6 is connected with the inlet of the liquid viewing device I7, the outlet of the liquid viewing device I7 is connected with the cold-end inlet of the evaporator II 9, and the cold-end outlet of the evaporator II 9 is connected with the low-pressure inlet of the ejector II 20.
In the second-stage refrigeration cycle, the third-stage sub-cycle consists of a second compressor 11, a second condenser 12, a second regenerative heat exchanger 13, an evaporator 8, an expansion valve III 14 (a first-stage expansion valve), a three-way control valve II 15, an evaporator III 18 (a high-temperature gear) and an ejector II 20, wherein an outlet of the second compressor 11 is connected with an inlet of the second condenser 12, an outlet of the second condenser 12 is connected with a hot-end inlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger 13, a cold-end inlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger 13 is connected with a medium-pressure outlet of the ejector II 20, cold-end and hot-end working media exchange heat in the second regenerative heat exchanger 13, a hot-end outlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger 13 then enters the other hot-end inlet of the first evaporator 8, precooling is performed by the first-stage sub-cycle of the first-stage refrigeration cycle, the first-stage refrigeration cycle is connected with an inlet of the expansion valve III 14 after output, an outlet of the expansion valve III 14 is connected with an inlet of the three-way control valve II 15, an outlet of the three-way control valve III 18 is connected with a hot-end inlet of the evaporator III 18, and an outlet of the evaporator III 18 is connected with a high-pressure inlet of the ejector II 20;
in the second-stage refrigeration cycle, the fourth-stage refrigeration cycle consists of a three-way control valve II 15, an expansion valve IV 16 (a second-stage expansion valve), a liquid viewing device II 17, an evaporator IV 19 (a low-temperature gear) and an ejector II 20, wherein the outlet of the upper side of the diagram of the three-way control valve II 15 is connected with the inlet of the expansion valve IV 16, the outlet of the expansion valve IV 16 is connected with the inlet of the liquid viewing device II 17, the outlet of the liquid viewing device II 17 is connected with the hot end inlet of the evaporator IV 19, and the hot end outlet of the evaporator IV 19 is connected with the low-pressure inlet of the ejector II 20.
The ejector used in the system is provided with three interfaces, namely a high-pressure inlet, a low-pressure inlet and a medium-pressure outlet, wherein the low-pressure inlet is a low-pressure injection inlet, and fluid entering the high-pressure inlet is mixed after injecting the fluid at the low-pressure inlet, and flows out of the low-pressure injection inlet together with the fluid.
When the system is composed of multi-stage refrigeration cycles, the number of refrigeration cycle stages can be increased on the basis of the first-stage refrigeration cycle and the second-stage refrigeration cycle, the structure of the increased odd-stage refrigeration cycle is the same as that of the first-stage refrigeration cycle, and the structure of the increased even-stage refrigeration cycle is the same as that of the second-stage refrigeration cycle.
In the invention, the gas is cooled by temperature sections through at least two stages of refrigeration cycles, each stage of refrigeration cycle is respectively composed of two stages of sub-cycles, and the refrigeration temperature is controlled by the type of the selected refrigerant and the opening of the sub-cycle expansion valve.
In the invention, the gas is input into the vortex tube 21 for cold-heat separation after at least two-stage circulation cooling, the output temperature of the cold end is further reduced and is lower than the boiling point by utilizing the energy separation effect of the vortex tube 21, and the cold end of the vortex tube outputs the cryogenic gas-liquid mixed fluid; the gas which is still at lower temperature and is output by the hot end of the vortex tube can flow back to the input end of the front stage to be converged or used for other refrigeration occasions.
In the invention, the cryogenic gas-liquid mixed fluid is separated by the gas-liquid separator 22, the liquid gas product is collected and stored by the dewar 24, and the obtained cryogenic gas can be used for carrying out auxiliary heat exchange cooling or reflux collection on the gas to be cooled which is input before and is led into a front-stage gas input end, so that cold recovery is realized.
In practical application, the invention can increase the number of refrigeration cycle stages according to the boiling point of the gas to be liquefied, and the specific structural design is based on the previous two stages, and a precooling link is added in combination with the actual refrigeration temperature Duan Geli.
Taking the system consisting of two-stage refrigeration cycles as an example in the embodiment, when the system is operated, the gas to be liquefied is firstly subjected to heat exchange and cooling by the first-stage refrigeration cycle through the first evaporator 8 and the second evaporator 9. The gaseous refrigerant in the first-stage circulation is compressed by the first compressor 1 and then becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure state, is initially cooled by the first condenser 2, then enters the first regenerative heat exchanger 3, and is further subjected to heat exchange and cooling with the low-temperature refrigerant output by the first ejector 10. The cooled refrigerant is throttled and expanded through an expansion valve I4, the pressure and the temperature are obviously reduced, then the refrigerant is divided into two paths through a three-way control valve I5, the left side of one path is output through an evaporator I8 to perform first stage cooling on the input air to be cooled, and the refrigerant enters the high-pressure inlet end of an ejector I10 after being output through the evaporator I8; the other output from the right side is subjected to throttling expansion again through an expansion valve II 6 to reach lower temperature and pressure, at the moment, the refrigerant enters a gas-liquid two-phase mixed state, a liquid-containing condition in a refrigerant channel can be observed according to a liquid device I7, the branch is subjected to second-stage cooling through cooled air output by an evaporator II 9 and an evaporator I8 to cool the cooled air to the lower temperature, then the refrigerant is output by the evaporator II 9, enters a low-pressure inlet end of an ejector I10, is mixed and output after being ejected by the refrigerant at a high-pressure inlet, absorbs heat through a heat-returning heat exchanger I3 and returns to a compressor I1 to complete the first-stage refrigeration cycle.
After the first-stage circulating cooling, the gas to be liquefied is subjected to the second-stage refrigerating circulating cooling by the third evaporator 18 and the fourth evaporator 19. The gaseous refrigerant in the first-stage circulation is compressed by the second compressor 11 and then becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure state, is initially cooled by the second condenser 12, then enters the second regenerative heat exchanger 13, and is further subjected to heat exchange and cooling with the low-temperature refrigerant output by the second ejector 20. The cooled refrigerant is pre-cooled once through an evaporator I8, throttled and expanded through an expansion valve II 6, the pressure and the temperature are obviously reduced, the cooled refrigerant is divided into two paths through a three-way control valve II 15, the output of the lower side of one path is subjected to third stage cooling on the input air to be cooled through an evaporator III 18, and the refrigerant enters the high-pressure inlet end of an ejector II 20 after being output by the evaporator III 18; the upper output of the other route is subjected to throttling expansion again through an expansion valve IV 16 to reach lower temperature and pressure, at the moment, the refrigerant enters a gas-liquid two-phase mixed state, a liquid-containing condition in a refrigerant channel can be observed by a liquid viewing device II 17, cooled air output by an evaporator III 18 is subjected to fourth-stage cooling through an evaporator IV 19 and then is reduced to lower temperature, then the refrigerant is output by the evaporator IV 19, enters a low-pressure inlet end of an ejector II 20, is ejected by the refrigerant of a high-pressure inlet and is mixed and output, absorbs heat through a heat recovery heat exchanger II 13 and returns to a compressor II 11 to complete the second-stage refrigeration cycle.
After the gas to be cooled is cooled by two-stage circulation, the temperature is obviously reduced and approaches to the liquefaction temperature, and then the temperature of the cold end output is further reduced compared with the temperature of the input by the cold-heat separation effect of the vortex tube 21, so that the gas is transited to a gas-liquid mixing state, the hot end output is still the gas with lower temperature, and the gas can flow back to the front-stage input end to be converged or used in other refrigeration occasions. The mixed fluid enters the gas-liquid separator 22 and can be separated to obtain a liquid gas product, the liquid gas product is output by the control valve 23 and is stored in the dewar bottle 24 with good heat preservation performance, and in addition, the non-liquefied low-temperature gas flows back into the cold end side of the evaporator IV 19 and the evaporator III 18 to cool the gas to be cooled input by the front stage, or is directly recombined with the gas to be cooled of the front stage, so that the recovery of cold energy is realized.
The embodiment is described by taking two-stage circulation refrigeration as an example, the system is applicable to and not limited to the liquefaction preparation requirements of gases such as air, the circulation level number, the system control parameters and the like can be increased and improved according to actual working conditions, and the specific structure is supplemented based on the invention and is also protected by the invention.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. The gas grading cooling liquefaction system based on the vortex tube and the ejector is characterized by comprising at least two stages of refrigeration cycles, wherein the circulated working medium is a refrigerant, the input gas is cooled by temperature sections, and two stages of refrigeration cycles are combined with the ejector through a two-stage expansion valve in each refrigeration cycle to realize two-stage circulation refrigeration; wherein,,
the first-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first compressor (1), a first condenser (2), a first regenerative heat exchanger (3), a first expansion valve (4), a first three-way control valve (5), a second expansion valve (6), a first liquid viewer (7), a first evaporator (8), a second evaporator (9) and a first ejector (10) which respectively form a first-stage circulation and a second-stage circulation; the expansion valve I (4) and the expansion valve II (6) are respectively a first-stage expansion valve and a second-stage expansion valve in the first-stage refrigeration cycle; the evaporator I (8) and the evaporator II (9) are respectively a high-temperature gear and a low-temperature gear in the first-stage refrigeration cycle;
the first-stage circulation is composed of a first compressor (1), a first condenser (2), a first regenerative heat exchanger (3), an expansion valve (4), a three-way control valve (5), an evaporator (8) and an ejector (10), wherein an outlet of the first compressor (1) is connected with an inlet of the first condenser (2), an outlet of the first condenser (2) is connected with a hot end inlet of the first regenerative heat exchanger (3), a cold end inlet of the first regenerative heat exchanger (3) is connected with a medium-pressure outlet of the ejector (10), cold end and hot end working media exchange heat in the first regenerative heat exchanger (3), a hot end outlet of the first regenerative heat exchanger (3) is connected with an inlet of the expansion valve (4), a cold end outlet of the first regenerative heat exchanger (3) is connected with an inlet of the first compressor (1), an outlet of the expansion valve (4) is connected with an inlet of the three-way control valve (5), an outlet of one side of the three-way control valve (5) is connected with a cold end inlet of the first evaporator (8), and a cold end outlet of the first evaporator (8) is connected with a high-pressure inlet of the ejector (10);
the second-stage circulation is composed of a first three-way control valve (5), a second expansion valve (6), a first liquid viewing device (7), a second evaporator (9) and a first ejector (10), wherein the outlet of the other side of the first three-way control valve (5) is connected with the inlet of the second expansion valve (6), the outlet of the second expansion valve (6) is connected with the inlet of the first liquid viewing device (7), the outlet of the first liquid viewing device (7) is connected with the cold end inlet of the second evaporator (9), and the cold end outlet of the second evaporator (9) is connected with the low-pressure inlet of the second ejector (20);
the second-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first evaporator (8), a second compressor (11), a second condenser (12), a second regenerative heat exchanger (13), an expansion valve III (14), a three-way control valve II (15), an expansion valve IV (16), a liquid viewer II (17), an evaporator III (18), an evaporator IV (19) and an ejector II (20) which respectively form a third-stage fractional cycle and a fourth-stage fractional cycle; the expansion valve III (14) and the expansion valve IV (16) are respectively a first-stage expansion valve and a second-stage expansion valve in the second-stage refrigeration cycle; the third evaporator (18) and the fourth evaporator (19) are respectively a high-temperature gear and a low-temperature gear in the second-stage refrigeration cycle;
the third-stage sub-cycle is formed by sequentially connecting a second compressor (11), a second condenser (12), a second regenerative heat exchanger (13), an evaporator I (8), an expansion valve III (14), a three-way control valve II (15), an evaporator III (18) and an ejector II (20), wherein the outlet of the second compressor (11) is connected with the inlet of the second condenser (12), the outlet of the second condenser (12) is connected with the hot-end inlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger (13), the cold-end inlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger (13) is connected with the medium-pressure outlet of the ejector II (20), the cold end and the hot-end working medium exchange heat in the second regenerative heat exchanger (13), the hot-end outlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger (13) then enters the other hot-end inlet of the evaporator I (8), the first-stage sub-cycle of the first refrigeration cycle is used for precooling, the output is connected with the inlet of the expansion valve III (14), the outlet of the expansion valve III (14) is connected with the inlet of the three-way control valve II (15), one-side outlet of the three-way control valve II (15) is connected with the inlet of the evaporator III (18), and the hot-end outlet of the evaporator III (18) is connected with the high-pressure inlet of the ejector II (20);
the fourth fraction circulation is composed of a three-way control valve II (15), an expansion valve IV (16), a liquid viewing device II (17), an evaporator IV (19) and an ejector II (20), wherein the outlet of the other side of the three-way control valve II (15) is connected with the inlet of the expansion valve IV (16), the outlet of the expansion valve IV (16) is connected with the inlet of the liquid viewing device II (17), the outlet of the liquid viewing device II (17) is connected with the hot end inlet of the evaporator IV (19), and the hot end outlet of the evaporator IV (19) is connected with the low pressure inlet of the ejector II (20);
when the system is composed of multi-stage refrigeration cycles, the number of refrigeration cycle stages can be increased on the basis of the first-stage refrigeration cycle and the second-stage refrigeration cycle, the structure of the increased odd-stage refrigeration cycle is the same as that of the first-stage refrigeration cycle, and the structure of the increased even-stage refrigeration cycle is the same as that of the second-stage refrigeration cycle.
2. The gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tube and injector of claim 1, wherein the injectors in the system have three interfaces, namely a high pressure inlet, a low pressure inlet and a medium pressure outlet, and the fluid entering the high pressure inlet is mixed after injecting the fluid at the low pressure inlet and flows out of the medium pressure outlet together.
3. The gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tube and injector of claim 1, wherein the refrigeration temperatures achieved by the refrigeration cycles of each stage are controlled by the type of refrigerant selected and the opening of the corresponding split-cycle expansion valve.
4. The gas classification cooling liquefaction system based on the vortex tube and the injector according to claim 1, wherein the gas is input into the vortex tube (21) for cold-heat separation after at least two-stage circulation cooling, the cold end output temperature is further reduced and is lower than the boiling point by utilizing the energy separation effect of the vortex tube (21), and the gas-liquid mixed fluid is output from the cold end of the vortex tube; the gas with lower temperature output by the hot end of the vortex tube flows back to the input end of the front stage to be converged or used for other refrigeration occasions.
5. A gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tubes and ejectors according to claim 4, wherein the gas-liquid mixture is separated by a gas-liquid separator (22) and the liquid gas product is collected and stored by a dewar (24).
6. The gas classification cooling liquefaction system based on the vortex tube and the ejector according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the gas-liquid mixed fluid is separated by a gas-liquid separator (22), and the obtained cryogenic gas is used for carrying out auxiliary heat exchange cooling or reflux collection on the gas to be cooled which is input before and is led into a front-stage gas input end, so that cold energy recovery is realized.
7. The gas staged cooling liquefaction system based on vortex tube and injector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of stages of refrigeration cycle in the system is increased according to the boiling point of the gas to be liquefied, and a pre-cooling step is added in combination with the actual refrigeration temperature Duan Geli based on the previous two stages.
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CN1361400A (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-31 中国科学院低温技术实验中心 Iterative cooling system refrigerated via mixed work medium for throttling and low temperature eddy expansion
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