CN211625758U - Four-stage cascade refrigeration device with multi-stage water cooler - Google Patents
Four-stage cascade refrigeration device with multi-stage water cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN211625758U CN211625758U CN201922003477.6U CN201922003477U CN211625758U CN 211625758 U CN211625758 U CN 211625758U CN 201922003477 U CN201922003477 U CN 201922003477U CN 211625758 U CN211625758 U CN 211625758U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a cascade refrigeration field provides a take level four cascade refrigerating plant of multistage water cooler, contains four relatively independent refrigeration cycle cascade and forms, sets up the water cooler at cascade refrigeration cycle's second, three, level four compressor high temperature exhaust pipe, and the outside cheap, the cooling water that easily acquires of induction system can effectively improve refrigerating output and refrigeration efficiency, simultaneously the utility model discloses at cascade refrigeration cycle's second, three, level four high temperature pipeline configuration precooling regenerator and supercooling regenerator, both can improve refrigeration efficiency, can guarantee the safe operation of compressor again.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a cascade refrigeration field especially relates to a take level four cascade refrigeration device of multistage water cooler.
Background
Currently, a cascade refrigeration system (including a classical cascade refrigeration system, a self-cascade refrigeration system and the like) is an important way for obtaining the low temperature of-100 ℃ to-150 ℃, and has wide application in the fields of low-temperature refrigerators, superconduction, plasma preservation, gas liquefaction, low-temperature purification and the like. However, the cascade refrigeration device adopted in the industry still has a place to be perfected: firstly, the refrigeration efficiency is low, and only very limited low-temperature cold energy can be obtained by inputting a large amount of electric energy; secondly, the complexity of the cascade refrigeration system causes the working condition to easily generate fluctuation and deviation, and causes the suction overheating, the lubrication deterioration and even the burnout of the compressor.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing a four-stage cascade refrigeration device with a feasible and efficient technology and a multi-stage water cooler.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical measures.
A four-stage cascade refrigeration device with a multi-stage water cooler comprises four relatively independent refrigeration cycles which are superposed, wherein the first-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first-stage compressor, a first-stage oil separator, a first-stage condenser, a first-stage expansion valve and a second-stage condensation evaporator; the second-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a second-stage compressor, a second-stage oil separator, a second-stage water cooler, a second-stage precooling heat regenerator, a second-stage condensation evaporator, a second-stage supercooling heat regenerator, a second-stage expansion valve, a third-stage condensation evaporator and a second-stage expansion container; the third stage refrigeration cycle comprises a three-stage compressor, a three-stage oil separator, a three-stage water cooler, a three-stage precooling heat regenerator, a three-stage condensing evaporator, a three-stage supercooling heat regenerator, a three-stage expansion valve, a four-stage condensing evaporator and a three-stage expansion container; the fourth stage refrigeration cycle comprises a fourth stage compressor, a fourth stage oil separator, a fourth stage water cooler, a fourth stage precooling heat regenerator, a fourth stage condensation evaporator, a fourth stage supercooling heat regenerator, a fourth stage expansion valve and a fourth stage expansion container;
each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with a compressor for compressing low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, so that the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant are increased, and power is provided for the refrigerant cycle;
each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with an oil separator, and the oil separator is used for separating refrigerant gas in the exhaust of the compressor from lubricating oil and recovering the lubricating oil;
the second, third and fourth refrigeration cycles are all provided with water coolers, a sleeve type heat exchanger is adopted, the water coolers are arranged on the high-temperature exhaust pipelines of the second, third and fourth compressors of the cascade refrigeration cycle, and cooling water is introduced to carry out primary cooling on the high-temperature exhaust of the compressors;
the second, third and fourth-stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with precooling heat regenerators, and a plate heat exchanger type is adopted, so that heat exchange between gaseous high-temperature refrigerant and low-temperature return air of the compressor is realized inside the precooling heat regenerators, and precooling of the high-temperature refrigerant and overheating of the return air of the compressor are realized;
the second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with a condensation evaporator, a plate heat exchanger type is adopted, the evaporation process of each stage and the condensation process of the next stage are subjected to cascade heat exchange in the condensation evaporator, namely, the refrigeration capacity released in the evaporation process of the previous stage is used for cooling the condensation process of the next stage, so that the evaporation temperature of each stage is gradually reduced, and finally, the refrigerant after a fourth stage expansion valve is subjected to low temperature of-120 ℃ to-150 ℃;
the second, third and fourth-stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with supercooling heat regenerators, and adopt a plate heat exchanger type, so that heat exchange between the liquid high-temperature refrigerant and the low-temperature return air of the compressor is realized inside the plate heat exchangers, and supercooling of the liquid refrigerant and overheating of the return air of the compressor are realized;
a precooling heat regenerator and a supercooling heat regenerator are arranged on the second, third and fourth-stage high-temperature pipelines of the cascade refrigeration cycle;
each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with an expansion valve for expanding the refrigerant liquid at each stage to obtain a low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and preparation is made for an evaporation process;
the second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with expansion containers which are connected to the air suction pipe of the compressor through a three-way pipeline and used for increasing the volume of the system and containing a part of refrigerant when the volume of the refrigerant expands;
the first stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with a first-stage condenser, a plate heat exchanger type is adopted, and a high-efficiency water filter is arranged; or a double pipe heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, following beneficial effect has:
(1) the cooling water which is cheap and easy to obtain outside the system is introduced, so that the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency can be effectively improved.
Specifically, a water cooler is arranged on the high-temperature exhaust pipelines of the second, third and fourth stages of compressors of the cascade refrigeration cycle. The purpose is to introduce cheap and easily-obtained cooling water to carry out primary cooling on high-temperature exhaust of the compressor, and the cooling water is used for carrying a large amount of high-temperature heat. Firstly, the subsequent cooling burden is effectively reduced, and the precious low-temperature refrigerating capacity is saved, so that the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency are effectively improved; and secondly, the sizes of the condensing evaporator, the heat regenerator and the like can be effectively reduced.
(2) The precooling heat regenerator and the supercooling heat regenerator are arranged, so that the refrigerating efficiency can be improved, and the safe operation of the compressor can be ensured.
Specifically, a precooling regenerator and a supercooling regenerator are arranged in the second, third and fourth-stage high-temperature pipelines of the cascade refrigeration cycle. Firstly, the cooling effect of the high-temperature side of the refrigerant can be further improved, the supercooling degree before expansion is ensured, and the liquid content after expansion is improved, so that the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency are improved; secondly, the air suction of the compressor can be fully heated, the phenomenon that liquid impact is caused when refrigerant liquid drops which are not completely evaporated enter the compressor is avoided, the air suction temperature of the compressor is effectively recovered, and the faults that the lubrication is deteriorated and even a motor is burnt out and the like caused by the over-low air suction temperature are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a four-stage cascade refrigeration device with a multi-stage water cooler according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration process of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the system comprises a primary compressor, a primary oil separator, a primary condenser, a primary expansion valve, a secondary condensation evaporator and a secondary condenser, wherein the primary compressor is 2; 6. the system comprises a two-stage compressor, 7, a two-stage oil separator, 8, a two-stage water cooler, 9, a two-stage precooling heat regenerator, 10, a two-stage supercooling heat regenerator, 11, a two-stage expansion valve, 12, a three-stage condensation evaporator, 13, a two-stage expansion container, 14, a three-stage compressor, 15, a three-stage oil separator, 16, a three-stage water cooler, 17, a three-stage precooling heat regenerator, 18, a three-stage supercooling heat regenerator, 19, a three-stage expansion valve, 20, a four-stage condensation evaporator, 21, a three-stage expansion container, 22, a four-stage compressor, 23, a four-stage oil separator, 24, a four-stage water cooler, 25, a four-stage precooling heat regenerator, 26, a.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a four-stage cascade refrigeration apparatus with multi-stage water coolers, which includes four relatively independent refrigeration cycles cascaded, where the first-stage refrigeration cycle includes a first-stage compressor 1, a first-stage oil separator 2, a first-stage condenser 3, a first-stage expansion valve 4, and a second-stage condensation evaporator 5; the second-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a second-stage compressor 6, a second-stage oil separator 7, a second-stage water cooler 8, a second-stage precooling heat regenerator 9, a second-stage condensation evaporator 5, a second-stage supercooling heat regenerator 10, a second-stage expansion valve 11, a third-stage condensation evaporator 12 and a second-stage expansion container 13; the third stage refrigeration cycle comprises a three-stage compressor 14, a three-stage oil separator 15, a three-stage water cooler 16, a three-stage precooling heat regenerator 17, a three-stage condensing evaporator 12, a three-stage supercooling heat regenerator 18, a three-stage expansion valve 19, a four-stage condensing evaporator 20 and a three-stage expansion vessel 21; the fourth stage refrigeration cycle includes a fourth-stage compressor 22, a fourth-stage oil separator 23, a fourth-stage water cooler 24, a fourth-stage precooling regenerator 25, a fourth-stage condensing evaporator 20, a fourth-stage supercooling regenerator 26, a fourth-stage expansion valve 27, and a fourth-stage expansion vessel 28.
The four-stage cascade refrigeration cycle is formed by cascading four relatively independent refrigeration cycles, is used for realizing the low temperature of about-120 ℃ to-150 ℃, and is sent to an external load to provide low-temperature cold energy. The main component functions are as follows:
1. compressor with a compressor housing having a plurality of compressor blades
Each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with a compressor for compressing low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, so that the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant are increased, and power is provided for the refrigerant cycle.
2. Oil separator
Each stage of the refrigeration cycle is provided with an oil separator. Because the compressor exhausts the gas and carries with the lubricating oil, the oil separator is used for separating the refrigerant gas and the lubricating oil, and recovering the lubricating oil.
3. Water cooler
The second, third and fourth refrigeration cycles are all provided with water coolers, and the double-pipe heat exchanger type is adopted, so that the blockage is not easy to occur. The high-temperature exhaust gas cooler has the advantages that cheap and easily-obtained cooling water is introduced to preliminarily cool high-temperature exhaust gas of the compressor, a large amount of high-temperature heat is carried away by the cooling water, subsequent cooling burden of a high-temperature refrigerant is relieved, and precious low-temperature refrigerating capacity is saved, so that refrigerating capacity and refrigerating efficiency are effectively improved, and the sizes of a condensation evaporator, a heat regenerator and the like can be effectively reduced.
4. Precooling heat regenerator
The second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycle are all provided with precooling heat regenerators which adopt plate heat exchanger type, and are efficient and compact. The gas high-temperature refrigerant and the low-temperature return air of the compressor exchange heat in the compressor, and precooling of the high-temperature refrigerant and overheating of the return air of the compressor are achieved. The precooling of the high-temperature refrigerant can effectively enhance the cooling effect and reduce the cooling burden of the condensing evaporator; and the return air of the compressor is heated, so that the liquid refrigerant can be fully evaporated, and liquid impact is avoided.
5. Condensation evaporator
The second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycle are all provided with condensing evaporators, and the condensing evaporators adopt plate heat exchangers, so that the system is efficient and compact. The condensation evaporator is the core equipment of the cascade refrigeration cycle, the evaporation process of each stage and the condensation process of the next stage carry out cascade heat exchange in the condensation evaporator, namely, the refrigeration capacity released in the evaporation process of the previous stage is used for cooling the condensation process of the next stage, thereby realizing the gradual reduction of the evaporation temperature of each stage, and finally the refrigerant realizes the low temperature of about-120 ℃ to-150 ℃ after the fourth stage expansion valve.
6. Supercooling heat regenerator
The second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycle are all provided with supercooling heat regenerators which are in a plate heat exchanger type, and are efficient and compact. The inside of the compressor realizes heat exchange between the liquid high-temperature refrigerant and the low-temperature return air of the compressor, and realizes supercooling of the liquid refrigerant and overheating of the return air of the compressor. The supercooling of the liquid refrigerant can effectively improve the liquid content of the expanded refrigerant (namely, reduce the dryness), and improve the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating efficiency; and the return air of the compressor is heated, so that the liquid refrigerant can be fully evaporated, and liquid impact is avoided.
The return air of the compressor is overheated, so that the liquid refrigerant can be fully evaporated, and liquid impact is avoided.
7. Expansion valve
Each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with an expansion valve which is used for expanding refrigerant liquid at each stage to obtain low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and prepare for an evaporation process.
8. Expansion vessel
The second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycle are all provided with expansion containers which are connected with the air suction pipe of the compressor through a three-way pipeline. When the refrigerating device is stopped, the volume of the refrigerant is expanded and the pressure of the refrigerant is increased due to the fact that the temperature of the refrigerant is continuously increased, and the effect is particularly prominent for the low-temperature refrigerants of the second, third and fourth stages. The expansion container is arranged, so that the volume of the system can be effectively increased, a part of refrigerant is contained when the volume of the refrigerant is expanded, and the equipment and the piping system are prevented from being damaged due to excessive pressure rise.
9. First-stage condenser
The first stage refrigeration cycle is provided with a first stage condenser. Because the first stage condensation process does not have a cascade process, the first stage condensation process directly adopts water cooling. The condenser type can adopt a plate heat exchanger type, has the advantages of compact structure and high heat exchange efficiency, and has the defects of easy blockage and high-efficiency water filter configuration; the type of the heat exchanger can also adopt a double-pipe heat exchanger, and has the advantages of difficult blockage and larger volume. Can be flexibly selected according to the use scene.
Supplementary explanation:
1. refrigerant
The four refrigeration cycles respectively adopt different refrigerants, and the first/second/third/fourth-stage refrigerant can respectively adopt R22/R13/R14/R50, R22/R23/R14/R50, R134a/R13/R14/R50, or R134 a/R23/R14/R50.
2. Source of cooling water
The water cooler can adopt normal-temperature tap water supplied by a municipal pipe network, and the normal-temperature tap water is used as cooling water of the water cooler after being filtered, and can also adopt chilled water prepared by a water chilling unit, and the both are low in price and easy to obtain.
3. External load
The external load, i.e. the user of the fourth-stage low-temperature energy, is generally a heat exchanger of equipment such as a cryogenic refrigerator, superconduction, plasma preservation, gas liquefaction, cryogenic purification and the like, wherein the fourth-stage refrigerant is evaporated in the heat exchanger to release low-temperature cold energy to the user.
As shown in fig. 2, the working flow of this embodiment is as follows:
the refrigeration system comprises four relatively independent refrigeration cycles, the flow of each cycle is basically similar, and each stage and the next stage carry out cascade heat exchange in a condensation evaporator.
Taking the second-stage cycle as an example, the gaseous refrigerant is sucked by the second-stage compressor 6 and then compressed, so as to realize temperature rise and pressure rise; the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant then enters a secondary oil separator 7, and the compressor lubricating oil carried out from the refrigerant is separated and recovered; the purified refrigerant enters a secondary water cooler 8 to exchange heat with water, so that preliminary precooling is realized; then the refrigerant enters a secondary precooling heat regenerator 9 to exchange heat with the low-temperature refrigerant returning to the compressor, so that the precooling effect is enhanced; the precooled refrigerant enters a secondary condensation evaporator 5 to exchange heat with the refrigerant of the previous stage, the second stage refrigerant finishes the condensation process in the secondary condensation evaporator and is condensed into a liquid refrigerant, and the first stage refrigerant finishes the evaporation process, namely, cascade heat exchange; the condensed refrigerant enters a secondary supercooling heat regenerator 10 to exchange heat with the low-temperature refrigerant flowing back to the compressor to realize supercooling; then the liquid refrigerant in the supercooled state enters a second-stage expansion valve 11 for throttling expansion to become a gas-liquid two-phase state, the temperature and pressure are reduced, the liquid refrigerant enters a third-stage condensation evaporator 12 for exchanging heat with the third-stage refrigerant, the second-stage refrigerant completes the evaporation process and is completely converted into a gas state from the gas-liquid two-phase state, and the third-stage refrigerant obtains cold energy and is condensed into the liquid state from the gas state; the second-stage refrigerant then passes through the secondary supercooling heat regenerator 10 and the secondary precooling heat regenerator 9 respectively, returns to the compressor after completing the heat regeneration and temperature rise process, and completes the whole second-stage circulation process.
Details not described in the present specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a take level four cascade refrigeration device of multistage water cooler which characterized in that: the refrigeration system comprises four relatively independent refrigeration cycles which are overlapped, wherein the first-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a first-stage compressor, a first-stage oil separator, a first-stage condenser, a first-stage expansion valve and a second-stage condensation evaporator; the second-stage refrigeration cycle comprises a second-stage compressor, a second-stage oil separator, a second-stage water cooler, a second-stage precooling heat regenerator, a second-stage condensation evaporator, a second-stage supercooling heat regenerator, a second-stage expansion valve, a third-stage condensation evaporator and a second-stage expansion container; the third stage refrigeration cycle comprises a three-stage compressor, a three-stage oil separator, a three-stage water cooler, a three-stage precooling heat regenerator, a three-stage condensing evaporator, a three-stage supercooling heat regenerator, a three-stage expansion valve, a four-stage condensing evaporator and a three-stage expansion container; the fourth stage refrigeration cycle comprises a fourth stage compressor, a fourth stage oil separator, a fourth stage water cooler, a fourth stage precooling heat regenerator, a fourth stage condensation evaporator, a fourth stage supercooling heat regenerator, a fourth stage expansion valve and a fourth stage expansion container;
each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with a compressor for compressing low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, so that the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant are increased, and power is provided for the refrigerant cycle;
each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with an oil separator, and the oil separator is used for separating refrigerant gas in the exhaust of the compressor from lubricating oil and recovering the lubricating oil;
the second, third and fourth refrigeration cycles are all provided with water coolers, a sleeve type heat exchanger is adopted, the water coolers are arranged on the high-temperature exhaust pipelines of the second, third and fourth compressors of the cascade refrigeration cycle, and cooling water is introduced to carry out primary cooling on the high-temperature exhaust of the compressors;
the second, third and fourth-stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with precooling heat regenerators, and a plate heat exchanger type is adopted, so that heat exchange between gaseous high-temperature refrigerant and low-temperature return air of the compressor is realized inside the precooling heat regenerators, and precooling of the high-temperature refrigerant and overheating of the return air of the compressor are realized;
the second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with a condensation evaporator, a plate heat exchanger type is adopted, the evaporation process of each stage and the condensation process of the next stage are subjected to cascade heat exchange in the condensation evaporator, namely, the refrigeration capacity released in the evaporation process of the previous stage is used for cooling the condensation process of the next stage, so that the evaporation temperature of each stage is gradually reduced, and finally, the refrigerant after a fourth stage expansion valve is subjected to low temperature of-120 ℃ to-150 ℃;
the second, third and fourth-stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with supercooling heat regenerators, and adopt a plate heat exchanger type, so that heat exchange between the liquid high-temperature refrigerant and the low-temperature return air of the compressor is realized inside the plate heat exchangers, and supercooling of the liquid refrigerant and overheating of the return air of the compressor are realized;
a precooling heat regenerator and a supercooling heat regenerator are arranged on the second, third and fourth-stage high-temperature pipelines of the cascade refrigeration cycle;
each stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with an expansion valve for expanding the refrigerant liquid at each stage to obtain a low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and preparation is made for an evaporation process;
the second, third and fourth stage refrigeration cycles are all provided with expansion containers which are connected to the air suction pipe of the compressor through a three-way pipeline and used for increasing the volume of the system and containing a part of refrigerant when the volume of the refrigerant expands;
the first stage of refrigeration cycle is provided with a first-stage condenser, a plate heat exchanger type is adopted, and a high-efficiency water filter is arranged; or a double pipe heat exchanger.
2. The four-stage cascade refrigeration apparatus with multi-stage water cooler of claim 1 wherein: the four refrigeration cycles respectively adopt different refrigerants, and the first/second/third/fourth-stage refrigerant respectively adopts R22/R13/R14/R50, R22/R23/R14/R50, R134a/R13/R14/R50, or R134 a/R23/R14/R50.
3. The four-stage cascade refrigeration apparatus with multi-stage water cooler of claim 1 wherein: normal-temperature tap water supplied by a municipal pipe network is filtered and then used as cooling water of a water cooler or chilled water prepared by a water chilling unit.
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| CN110953741A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Four-stage cascade refrigeration device with multi-stage water cooler |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110953741A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Four-stage cascade refrigeration device with multi-stage water cooler |
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