CN1152348A - 用于封闭空间和周围大气之间的压力平衡的减压阀 - Google Patents

用于封闭空间和周围大气之间的压力平衡的减压阀 Download PDF

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CN1152348A
CN1152348A CN95194003A CN95194003A CN1152348A CN 1152348 A CN1152348 A CN 1152348A CN 95194003 A CN95194003 A CN 95194003A CN 95194003 A CN95194003 A CN 95194003A CN 1152348 A CN1152348 A CN 1152348A
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water droplet
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CN1046993C (zh
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埃米尔·奥勒斯楚普·瑟伦森
汉斯亨里克·罗戈德·彼泽森
安诺斯·伊布·达姆堡·彼得森
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Pres Vac Engineering AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/18—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on either side
    • F16K17/19—Equalising valves predominantly for tanks
    • F16K17/194—Equalising valves predominantly for tanks weight-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/12—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side weight-loaded
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7738—Pop valves
    • Y10T137/774—Pop pressure reactor in inflow to valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7771—Bi-directional flow valves
    • Y10T137/7779—Axes of ports parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7908—Weight biased
    • Y10T137/7909—Valve body is the weight
    • Y10T137/7913—Guided head
    • Y10T137/7915—Guide stem
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7908—Weight biased
    • Y10T137/7921—Weight coaxial with valve

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)

Abstract

用于在一封闭空间和周围大气之间压力平衡的压力释放阀，包括一阀壳体(1)，设有一向上的排气口(11)，其中形成有一锥形的阀座(13)。设在排气口(11)中的一水滴形体(14)的下侧上形成与阀座(13)配合的锥形阀表面(15)。水滴形体(14)与一提升盘(21)相连，所述提升盘(21)的面积大于所述阀座(13)并由一自由通道槽(22)围绕。阀壳体(1)具有内部结构(8，9，10)，使得当水滴形体(14)和提升盘(21)从完全关闭提升到完全打开位置时，围绕提升盘(21)的自由通道面积减小。

Description

用于封闭空间和周围大气之间的压力平衡的减压阀
本发明涉及一种用于封闭空间和周围大气之间的压力平衡的减压阀。这种减压阀的一种特别重要的应用领域是用于装盛油产品和化学产品的罐，下面的描述以该应用领域为出发点，但应理解该原理同样可应用于其它应用领域，例如，用于静止储存容器或用于储存液体石油产品或化学物质的滚动运输容器。
当在单位时间中将例如以m3/h测量的一定量的产品装入一器中，减压阀打开，当容器中的压力上升到预定关闭压力之上时，之后每单位时间将排出相应于单位时间装入的产品的量的气体，并有时具有用于从容器中的液体表面蒸发的附加量。单位时间内的排气量取决于阀的流阻，因而取决于阀的提升高度和容器中的压力。在容器中的压力不超过某一安全限度时可获得的单位时间最大排气量(扣除用于蒸发的任何附加量)被称为减压阀的容量，它是对单位时间最大允许装载量(例如，m3/h)的限度。
单位时间装载的产品的体积量称为装载速率(例如，m3/h)，而单位时间的排出的气体的体积量称为排气速率(例如，m3/h)。排气速率不能与排气速度混淆，后者是指气体通过阀的开口排出的线性速度，例如以m/sec测量。
更具体地说，本发明涉及一种减压阀，包括一阀壳体，其顶部设有一排气口，该排气口形成有一朝上的基本上锥形的阀座，一水滴形体适于将冲击其下侧的气体流集中到一向上的射流，在所述水滴形体的圆形表面的朝下部分上形成用于封闭所述阀座的基本上锥形的阀面，从而构成一阀体和一与所述水滴形体相连并位于壳体中较低高度处的提升盘，所述提升盘的外径大于所述阀座的内径，止挡装置用于限定阀的完全打开的位置，提升盘由处于阀的完全关闭位置的自由通道槽围绕。
这种减压阀公开于国际专利申请PCT/DK90/00050(于07.09.90以公开号No.WO90/10168出版)中。
由于上述结构，提升压力在打开的初始阶段从阀座中水滴形件的下侧的较小面积改变到提升盘的较大面积，从而获得较高的提升速度.
在WO90/10168公开的实施例中，阀壳体具有一内部结构，使得当水滴形体和提升盘提升时，围绕提升盘的自由通道面积增加，从而亦增加排气量，获得比可能低的压力，直到阀到达其完全打开位置。
然而，业已发现在某些情况下，例如根据所装载产品的类型和装载站的能力和实际情况，特别是在装载速率相对较低并且相应的从容器中的排气速率也较低时，可能发生这种情况，即由水滴形阀体和提升盘构成的流量控制件将受到例如由紊流和流体的不均匀分布所引起的气流速率的波动。这样引起的流量控制件的振动将反作用于流动速率，从而产生相互放大作用而引起阀在完全打开和关闭位置前后振动。因而阀可经受一金属对金属的快速连续的重的碰撞，这除了不能满足其本身机械上的要求外，也产生大的噪音，它甚至可被容器壁放大成混响。
本发明的目的是克服或减小上述缺点，根据本发明，该目的是这样实现的，即使阀壳体具有一种内部结构，使得当水滴形体和提升盘从完全关闭提升到完全打开位置时，围绕提升盘的自由通道面积减小。通过这种设置，可保持阀在达到打开压力时的高速打开，但阀一旦打开，作用在排出控制件的排出压力将在一个宽的范围内基本上不依赖于排出速率，因而对气流速率的波动基本上不敏感，从而可避免或至少减缓阀在完全打开和关闭位置之间的前后振动。
下面参照附图详细描述本发明。附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的一个实施例的减压阀的侧视和部分剖视图，其中阀处于关闭位置，
图2为阀处于完全打开位置的相应视图，
图3和4分别为表示容器压力和排气速度与单位时间排气的体积量之间的关系的曲线图，这种数据是通过对根据本发明的减压阀的原型测量获得的。
在附图中，标号1为垂直方向的阀壳体，其下端具有一法兰2，它与管状座4的法兰3螺栓连接，座4的下端具有一可与油箱的卸压口或连接到一个或多个油箱隔室的卸压管的上端螺栓连接的法兰5。在所示实施例中，座4具有连接到一真空泄漏阀7的侧开口6。对该阀不作详细描述，因为它不是本发明的一部分。
在阀壳体的下端具有一圆柱形壁部分8，其上方为一收敛的壁部分9，其后为一圆柱形壁部分10。阀壳体的顶部为一排气口11。
排气口中安装一接口环12，其内侧形成一锥形阀座13。在排气口11中设置一水滴形体14，其下侧形成一锥形阀表面15，该表面在阀关闭的条件下与阀座13密封地接合。为了提高密封性，可在接口环的内侧上设置一用于与水滴形体14的下侧接合的环形弹性垫圈，如所述WO90/10168中所公开的。
一杆18连接到水滴形体并向下延伸穿过壳体，它由阀壳体中的上杆导向件19和座4中的下杆导向件20导向。杆18支承一提升盘21，该盘在阀的关闭位置时位于圆柱形壁部分8内并且直径略小于圆柱形壁部分，从而在提升盘周围形成一自由通道槽22。在杆18的下端之下安装一用于阀的止升的摇杆24。
杆18在上杆导向件19和提升盘21之间支承一重载23。因而，在这里叫做排气控制件的结构包括水滴形体14，杆18，重载23和提升盘21，该结构受到一等于其所有部件总重量的向下的关闭力的作用。该重载23可由如所述WO90/10168所述的压缩弹簧补充或代替。
如果超过大气压的压力进入油箱，则该压力将通过槽22的泄漏而传播到提升盘21上的空间，因此该提升盘将受到来自上面和下面的相同的压力。因此，由作用在水滴形体的下侧上的过压力的作用单独产生提升力。该提升力等于过压力乘以阀座内的排气口的横截面面积。
当提升力上升到高于前面提到的关闭力时，阀被打开。当在阀的排气口进行排气时，提升盘上侧的压力下降，净提升力变得等于油箱压力乘以提升盘的面积。由于该面积大于排气口的面积，使得提升力增加，从而增加提升速度。
当这样提升提升盘时，由于壁部分9的收敛，控制阀的流阻的围绕盘的通道面积将减小。
由于围绕提升盘的通道面积决定阀的流阻，因此，阀的压降对应于给定的排气速率，在油箱压力和排气速率之间存在一确定的关系，如图3所示。油箱压力等于大气压加上阀的压降，该压降实际上等于提升盘周围的通道面积中的压降。
排气速度由排气速率和提升盘周围的通道面积决定，因而也可如图4所示决定。
图3示出当排气速率由0上升到某一边界值时，压力沿一平缓的曲线首先向上然后回到关闭压力值。当超过边界值时，压力突然降到阀从开始被完全打开时相同的值，如图中虚线所示。在排气速率继续增加时，阀保持完全打开，并且油箱压力进一步增加，当该压力值到达Pmax，时，排气速率已大到最大允许值，它被称为减压阀的容量。如果在油箱加载过程中，加载速率扣除蒸发(如果有的话)保持低于减压阀的容量，油箱在一基本安全范围内受到保护不会爆炸。
所述排气速率的边界值将排气速率的范围分成一下范围和一上范围，在下范围中，排气速率对油箱压力以及作用在阀上的提升力影响很小，而在上范围中，减压阀一直处于其完全打开位置。
在任何一个范围内都可消除阀由于气流速率的偶然波动而引起的阀在完全打开和关闭位置之间的前后摆动。
如图4所示，当排气速率非常低时，气体通过阀的排气速度将如此之高以至超出图中所示范围。随着排气速率增加，排气速度在排气速率的边界值或附近下降至一最低值。尺寸设计成使该最低值位于为高速阀设定的最小值Vmin(例如，30m/sec)之上。

Claims (1)

1.用于在一封闭空间和周围大气之间压力平衡的减压阀，包括一阀壳体(1)，其顶部设有一排气口(11)，该排气口形成有一朝上的基本上锥形的阀座(13)，一水滴形体(14)，适于将冲击其下侧的气体流集中到一向上的射流，在所述水滴形体(14)的圆形表面的朝下部分上形成用于封闭所述阀座(13)的基本上锥形的阀面(15)，从而构成一阀体和一与所述水滴形体(14)相连并位于壳体(1)中较低高度处的提升盘(21)，所述提升盘(21)的外径大于所述阀座(13)的内径，止挡装置用于限定阀的完全打开的位置，提升盘由处于阀的完全关闭位置的自由通道槽(22)围绕，其特征在于，阀壳体(1)具有内部结构(8，9，10)，使得当水滴形体(14)和提升盘(21)从完全关闭提升到完全打开位置时，围绕提升盘(21)的自由通道面积减小。
CN95194003A 1994-07-08 1995-05-31 用于封闭空间和周围大气之间的压力平衡的减压阀 Expired - Lifetime CN1046993C (zh)

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CN1304776C (zh) * 2001-05-25 2007-03-14 普瑞斯-维科工程公司 压力阀
CN102748517A (zh) * 2011-04-22 2012-10-24 盐城中油船舶海洋工程科技有限公司 高效的货油舱高速透气阀盖
CN103016802A (zh) * 2011-09-22 2013-04-03 新仓工业株式会社 安全阀
CN103459906A (zh) * 2011-03-14 2013-12-18 拉瓦尔农业合作社有限公司 燃料阀
CN104541093A (zh) * 2012-07-18 2015-04-22 普瑞斯-维科工程有限公司 泄压阀

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ES2116090T3 (es) 1998-07-01
FI970070A0 (fi) 1997-01-07
EP0770197B1 (en) 1998-05-13
DE69502500T2 (de) 1998-11-19
JPH10502437A (ja) 1998-03-03
DE69502500D1 (de) 1998-06-18
NO970035L (no) 1997-01-06
FI970070A (fi) 1997-01-07
US5873384A (en) 1999-02-23
CA2194477A1 (en) 1996-01-25
KR970704989A (ko) 1997-09-06
NO308184B1 (no) 2000-08-07
WO1996001962A1 (en) 1996-01-25
FI107349B (fi) 2001-07-13
USRE37989E1 (en) 2003-02-18
CN1046993C (zh) 1999-12-01
CA2194477C (en) 2005-01-04
DK171444B1 (da) 1996-10-28
JP3645570B2 (ja) 2005-05-11
DK81794A (da) 1996-01-09
NO970035D0 (no) 1997-01-06
EP0770197A1 (en) 1997-05-02
KR100369311B1 (ko) 2003-11-20

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