CN115229926B - 一种有机-无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃型刨花板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种有机-无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃型刨花板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种有机‑无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂制备及其改性处理刨花板的制备方法,该发明以木质材料为基材,通过木质材料预处理、反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备、施胶共混、热压胶合等步骤,利用硼酸盐与磷酸氢二氨为无机阻燃剂、异丙基化磷酸三苯酯为有机阻燃剂、多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯为胶黏剂、甲基丙烯酸为交联剂,利用热压过程中热量在制备胶合板的过程中发生有机无机杂化反应,制备出具有阻燃性能优异的高强度刨花板。该制备流程以及制备用阻燃剂和胶黏剂,可广泛用于多种刨花板的阻燃,尤其适用于杨木、松木、橡木等木刨花、锯末或类似材料或非木材植物纤维碎料如亚麻屑、甘蔗渣、麦秸、稻草等,可大大增强其阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于人造板改性领域,具体为有机-无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂制备及其改性处理刨花板的制备方法。
技术背景
刨花板由木材碎料(木刨花、锯末或类似材料)或非木材植物纤维碎料(亚麻屑、甘蔗渣、麦秸、稻草或类似材料)施加胶粘剂后在热力和压力作用下胶合成的人造板。刨花板生产可以提高木材的加工综合利用率,缓解木材供应紧张的局面,并且是合理利用农业剩余物资源的有效途径。因为其生产原料主要采用木材剩余物或农作物废料,原料来源广泛,因此刨花板价格低廉,这在很大程度上促进了刨花板工业的发展。
刨花板和其他木质材料一样,具有易燃性,在高温环境下极易被引燃。当刨花板用于室内装修、建筑或物流包装等领域时,如果发生火灾,刨花板则会加速和扩大火灾,灭火处理不及时会使人民的生命及财产造成重大的损失。因此刨花板的阻燃处理在刨花板当前以及未来的发展中极其重要和关键。
氮磷系阻燃剂通过释放NH3和形成磷酸阻燃层的气相和固相方式对木质材料发挥阻燃作用,相对于卤系阻燃剂具有无毒无味、不产生腐蚀气体,环境相对友好的优势和特点。然而,氮磷系存在吸湿性高、破坏板材胶合强度、烟气释放量大的弊端,同时其热分解温度相对较低,也影响了刨花板在高温环境中的应用。
为了解决上述弊端将硼酸锌阻燃剂添加至氮磷系阻燃剂中,可以部分解决氮磷系阻燃剂存在的分解温度低、烟气释放量大的弊端,但无机氮磷系阻燃剂与硼酸锌共混均存在易吸湿的弊端,同时难以分散至胶层中,从而会造成对胶合强度的负面影响。
利用有机无机杂化的方式采用有机磷酸基阻燃剂为框架构建有机无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂,利用反应型胶黏剂多聚异氰酸酯作为反应介质,通过将有机无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂在木质材料胶层中分散,通过热压制备具有高强度、高阻燃性能、低吸湿性的阻燃胶合板。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种有机无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂阻燃刨花板的制备方法,该发明以木质刨花为基材主体,通过基材预处理、胶黏剂共混、施胶热压,最终制备出阻燃刨花板。该方法也可制备其他种类人造板,如纤维板、胶合板、细木工板等,可以有效提人造板的阻燃性能。
本发明所解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种有机无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂阻燃刨花板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)木质材料的预处理:取干燥后含水量小于5%的干净木质材料进行强碱和无机阻燃剂双阶段预处理;首先采用无机强碱配制一定的溶液,溶液中的溶质的主要成分包括NaOH或/和KOH并将木质材料充分浸泡与搅拌持续至无木质材料悬浮于溶液表面;取出后将碱处理木质材料干燥至含表面无明显水分后,将其再次浸渍进含有硼酸盐的无机阻燃剂溶液浸渍,并进行一定时间的搅拌,无机阻燃剂溶液中溶质的主要成由一种或多种硼酸盐组成,包括硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸钠、硼酸铝、硼酸镁、硼酸锂、硼酸铁、硼酸铜,浸渍后进行晾晒,干燥至含水量小于12%,得到预处理木粉。
(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备:将阻燃剂异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸氢二氨,胶黏剂多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,交联剂甲基丙烯酸共混制备阻燃反应型胶黏剂;在制备过程中通过将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按照一定比例进行共混制备胶黏剂预聚体,然后将异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸氢二氨、甲基丙烯酸依次加入至上述预聚体中,充分搅拌,并加入一定量的丙酮进行稀释,以便后期与木质材料进行充分的共混得到稀释阻燃胶黏剂预聚体。
(3)施胶共混:将木质材料与反应型阻燃胶黏剂共混,充分搅拌至胶黏剂与木质材料混合至无明显成团现象,然后将混胶后的木质材料置入模具内冷压成型,并在一定压力下进行脱模、静置。
(4)热压胶合:将脱模后的混胶后的木质材料置入热压机中进行热压,将热压时间、温度与压力进行设定,在热压过程中利用热压时的温度进行促进有机无机杂化材料的合成,在热压达到人造板胶合与阻燃的双重目的。热压完毕后将板材取出即可得到阻燃刨花板。
为保证制备样品的优异性能,作为优选,上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中木质材料可以为杨木、松木、橡木等木刨花、锯末或类似材料或非木材植物纤维碎料如亚麻屑、甘蔗渣、麦秸、稻草或类似材料
作为优选,上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中无机强碱溶液浓度为0.3g/100ml~7.5g/100ml,NaOH与KOH质量比为1:10~10:1。
作为优选,上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中木质材料在无机强碱溶液浓度中添加量为每500ml无机强碱溶液添加50g~150g木粉,搅拌时长为30min~60min。
作为优选,上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中无机阻燃剂溶液浓度为1.5g/100ml~17.5g/100ml,硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸钠、硼酸铝、硼酸镁、硼酸锂、硼酸铁、硼酸铜的质量比为5:A:B:C:D:E:F:G,其中A取值范围为0~10、B取值范围为0~10、C取值范围为0~10、D取值范围为0~10、E取值范围为0~10、F取值范围为0~10、G取值范围为0~10。
作为优选,上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中无机阻燃剂溶液浓度为每500ml无机阻燃剂溶液添加100g~200g木粉,搅拌时间大于60min。
作为优选,上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中阻燃剂、胶黏剂、交联剂质量比为3.5~25.0:100.0:0.5~5.0。
作为优选,上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中阻燃剂中异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸氢二氨的质量比为10:H,H取值范围为0.5~2.0。
作为优选,上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中胶黏剂中多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的质量比为10:I,I取值范围为0.2~3.0。
作为优选,上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中预聚体与丙酮之间的质量比为10:J,J的取值范围为5~30。
作为优选,上述步骤(3)施胶共混中稀释阻燃胶黏剂预聚体与预处理木粉之间的质量比为K:100,K的取值范围为9~30。
作为优选,上述步骤(3)施胶共混中搅拌时间大于5min,混胶后的木质材料在模具的添加量为L,L的取值范围为10g/100cm2~150g/100cm2。
作为优选,上述步骤(3)施胶共混中冷压压力为M,M的取值范围为0.1MPa~1.0MPa,冷压时间大于2min,脱模压力与冷压压力相同。
作为优选,上述步骤(4)热压胶合中热压时间为(5+L/15)min~(5+L/5)min,热压压力为(0.1+L)MPa+(0.5+L)MPa,热压温度为0~5min内温度为90~100℃,在5min~(5+L/15)min内温度为140℃~190℃。
具体实施案例
为了更好地表述本发明的技术手段、制备流程,下面结合具体实施案例进行阐述本发明。
实施例
称取取干燥后含水量小于5%的干净杨木刨花120g待用,按照NaOH:KOH质量比为1:1配制浓度为3g/100ml的无机强碱溶液500ml,将杨木刨花充分浸泡至500ml无机强碱溶液中,并持续搅拌45min;搅拌后取出后将碱处理木质材料自然干燥至含表面无明显水分后,将其再次全部浸渍进含有质量比硼酸锌:硼酸铁:硼酸铜为5:5:5的浓度为12g/100ml的无机阻燃剂溶液500ml中并搅拌75min。搅拌结束后取出进行自然晾晒至含水量小于12%,得到预处理木粉。按照质量比10:1的比例将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯共混制备12.0g胶黏剂,然后将1.8g丙基化磷酸三苯酯、0.2g磷酸氢二氨、0.03g甲基丙烯酸依次加入胶黏剂中,搅拌至分散均匀。取15ml丙酮加入至上述阻燃胶黏剂中制备得到稀释阻燃胶黏剂预聚体。将上述制得的木质材料与反应型阻燃胶黏剂共混,持续搅拌10min,充分搅拌至胶黏剂与木质材料混合至无明显成团现象,然后将混胶后的木质材料置入模具内冷压成型,冷压压力为0.7MPa,冷压时间为5min,并在0.7MPa压力下进行脱模,后静置10min。将脱模后的混胶后的木质材料置入热压机中进行热压,将热压总时间13min、温度在0~5min内为90℃,在5min~13min时间内为150℃。热压完毕后将板材取出即可得到阻燃刨花板。
按照上述得到了有机-无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃型杨木刨花板的阻燃氧指数可达31.2,内结合强度约为0.75MPa,吸收厚度膨胀率为5.32%。利用锥形量热测试,结果显示与未添加任何阻燃剂的杨木刨花板比较上述步骤制备的阻燃杨木刨花板的点燃时间延长13s可达47s,总热释放量、热释放速率峰值量分别降低89.2%、54.3%为4.8MJ/m2和79.32kW/m2,此外残炭量由38.2%上升至81.3%。上述性能满足了刨花板在家具、装饰、包装等领域的应用需求。
以上描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受实施例限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (1)
1.一种有机无机杂化硼氮磷三元阻燃剂阻燃刨花板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)木质材料的预处理:取干燥后含水量小于5%的干净木质材料进行强碱和无机阻燃剂双阶段预处理;首先采用无机强碱配制一定的溶液,溶液中的溶质的主要成分包括NaOH或/和KOH并将木质材料充分浸泡与搅拌持续至无木质材料悬浮于溶液表面;取出后将碱处理木质材料干燥至表面无明显水分后,将其再次浸渍进含有硼酸盐的无机阻燃剂溶液,并进行一定时间的搅拌,无机阻燃剂溶液中溶质的主要成分由硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸钠、硼酸铝、硼酸镁、硼酸锂、硼酸铁、硼酸铜中的一种或多种组成,浸渍后进行晾晒,干燥至含水量小于12 %,得到预处理木质材料;
(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备:将阻燃剂异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸氢二氨,胶黏剂多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,交联剂甲基丙烯酸共混制备阻燃反应型胶黏剂;在制备过程中通过将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按照一定比例进行共混制备胶黏剂预聚体,然后将异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸氢二氨、甲基丙烯酸依次加入至上述预聚体中,充分搅拌,并加入一定量的丙酮进行稀释,以便后期与木质材料进行充分的共混,得到反应型阻燃胶黏剂;
(3)施胶共混:将木质材料与反应型阻燃胶黏剂共混,充分搅拌至胶黏剂与木质材料混合至无明显成团现象,然后将混胶后的木质材料置入模具内冷压成型,并在一定压力下进行脱模后静置;
(4)热压胶合:将脱模后的混胶后的木质材料置入热压机中进行热压,将热压时间、温度与压力进行设定,在热压过程中利用热压时的温度促进有机无机杂化材料的合成,达到人造板胶合与阻燃的双重目的,热压完毕后将板材取出即可得到阻燃刨花板;
为保证制备样品的优异性能,上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中木质材料为杨木刨花、松木刨花、橡木刨花、锯末中的一种或多种;
上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中无机强碱溶液浓度为0.3 g/100ml~7.5 g/100ml,NaOH与KOH质量比为1:10~10:1;
上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中木质材料在无机强碱溶液中添加量为每500 ml无机强碱溶液添加50 g~ 150 g木质材料,搅拌时长为30 min~ 60 min;
上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中无机阻燃剂溶液浓度为1.5 g/100ml~17.5 g/100ml,硼酸锌、硼酸钙、硼酸钠、硼酸铝、硼酸镁、硼酸锂、硼酸铁、硼酸铜的质量比为5:A:B:C:D:E:F:G,其中A取值范围为0~10、B取值范围为0~10、C取值范围为0~10、D取值范围为0~10、E取值范围为0~10、F取值范围为0~10、G取值范围为0~10;
上述步骤(1)木质材料的预处理中无机阻燃剂溶液浓度为每500 ml无机阻燃剂溶液添加100 g~ 200 g木质材料,搅拌时间大于60 min;
上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中阻燃剂、胶黏剂、交联剂质量比为3.5~25.0:100.0:0.5~5.0;
上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中的阻燃剂中异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、磷酸氢二氨的质量比为10:H,H取值范围为0.5~2.0;
上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中的胶黏剂中多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的质量比为10:I,I取值范围为0.2~3.0;
上述步骤(2)反应型阻燃胶黏剂的制备中预聚体与丙酮之间的质量比为10:J,J的取值范围为5~30;
上述步骤(3)施胶共混中反应型阻燃胶黏剂与预处理木质材料之间的质量比为K:100,K的取值范围为9~30;
上述步骤(3)施胶共混中搅拌时间大于5 min,混胶后的木质材料在模具的添加量为L,L的取值范围为10 g/100cm2~150 g/100cm2;
上述步骤(3)施胶共混中冷压压力为M,M的取值范围为0.1 MPa ~1.0 MPa,冷压时间大于2 min,脱模压力与冷压压力相同;
上述步骤(4)热压胶合中热压时间为13 min,热压温度为0~5min 内温度为90~100℃,在5 min~13min 内温度为150 ℃。
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