CN115229322A - Electron beam repair welding method for double-layer plate structure - Google Patents
Electron beam repair welding method for double-layer plate structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic welding such as electron beam welding, laser welding and the like, in particular to an electron beam repair welding method of a double-layer plate structure, which determines the type and the position of a welding defect through an auxiliary means; extending outwards by taking the defect position as a center to cover the original defect area as a defect repair welding area; dividing the defect repair welding area according to the structure of the repair welding product; determining a repair welding direction, a heat input regulating quantity and an electron beam repair welding focusing parameter according to the type of the welding defect and the distribution of the type of the welding defect at each partition position; the purpose is to ensure that the appearance of the welding seam is formed and the internal quality of the welding seam meets the I-level standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic welding such as electron beam welding, laser welding and the like, in particular to an electron beam repair welding method for a double-layer plate structure.
Background
In order to meet the development requirements of a light-weight integrated closed cavity and multi-profile structure in the field of aviation, a new method for forming a thin-wall double-layer wall surface and a double-layer profile by one-time electron beam welding is developed, and the problem of synchronous weld joint forming control of a conventional welding double-layer plate is solved.
Because the double-layer plate structure has the characteristic of double profiles, the welding angles of the two profiles need to be considered, and the focusing current and the heat input energy regulation and control of the upper layer plate and the lower layer plate are considered at the same time, so that the double-sided forming of the electron beam welding seam of the upper layer plate and the lower layer plate is realized. The defects of local air holes, incomplete penetration and the like are easily generated by one-time electron beam welding of the double-layer plate structure under the influence of various factors such as profile transition size, surface state, welding angle, welding focus, continuous change of heat input and the like. These weld defects will deteriorate the quality of the surface formation, reduce the load-bearing capacity of the double-deck structure, and shorten the service life of the structure.
Taking a typical double-layer plate structure in the aviation field as an example, the butt joint section forms are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the thicknesses of the first layer plate 1 and the second layer plate 2 are delta and are not more than 10mm. The butt welding of the double-layer test plate 4 and the test plate 5 shown in fig. 3 is schematically illustrated, including the welding section position 3. By adopting the electron beam welding one-step forming method, the positions of the welding seams 6 which are easy to generate defects and the types of the welding defects are as follows:
1) Local pore defects of the single-layer plate area comprise a transition area part;
2) Local pore defects of an upper plate of the double-layer plate area;
3) Local incomplete penetration defects of the lower layer plate in the double-layer plate area;
4) Local air hole defects of the lower plate in the double-plate area.
For the above-mentioned double-layer plate electron beam welding defects, the difficulties and problems of repair welding by conventional electron beam welding include:
1) The molded surface is complex in change, so that the method is not suitable for repairing a local area and is easy to form a new defect and a new defect position;
2) For remelting repair welding at the original welding seam position, the air hole defect eliminating process and the repair welding direction are difficult to design;
3) The defects are positioned in the area with continuously changed profile height, and the selection of focusing parameters and the control of heat input are difficult.
The invention provides an electron beam welding repair welding method for a double-layer plate, aiming at the problem that the probability of electron beam welding defects of the double-layer plate structure is increased, and aims to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the problems and provides an electron beam repair welding method of a double-layer plate structure, aiming at enabling the appearance of a welding seam to be formed and the internal quality of the welding seam to meet the I-level standard.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electron beam repair welding method for a double-plate structure, comprising the steps of:
determining the type and the position of the welding defect by an auxiliary means;
expanding outwards by taking the defect position as a center to cover the original defect area as a defect repair welding area;
dividing the defect repair welding area according to the structure of the repair welding product;
and determining a repair welding direction, a heat input regulating quantity and an electron beam repair welding focusing parameter according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each partition position.
Further, an auxiliary means for determining the type and location of the welding defect comprises: appearance detection, radiographic inspection detection, ultrasonic inspection, and penetrant inspection detection.
Further, the welding defect types comprise air holes and incomplete welding.
Further, the dividing the defect repair welding area according to the structure of the repair welding product comprises: and dividing the defect repair welding area into a single-layer plate defect area, an upper-layer plate defect area and a lower-layer plate defect area.
Further, the outwardly expanding centered on the defect location includes: and taking a region of minus 10 to +10mm with the defect position as the center as a defect repair welding region.
Further, the step of determining the repair welding direction according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each partition position comprises:
when the welding defect type is the air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in the defect area of the single-layer plate, selecting the direction from the double-layer plate to the single-layer plate for repair welding;
when the welding defect type is an air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in an upper layer plate defect area or a lower layer plate defect area, selecting the direction from a single-layer plate to a double-layer plate for repair welding;
and when the welding defect type is a non-penetration defect, performing repair welding along the direction from the single-layer plate to the double-layer plate.
Further, the step of determining the heat input regulating quantity according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each partition position comprises the following steps:
taking the original welding current parameter area as a basic parameter, and increasing 5-20% of heat input quantity along the repair welding direction to be used as repair welding current; wherein the original welding current parameter area comprises: starting position I b1 A defective area I bn End position I b2n+1 。
Further, the repair welding current is as follows: starting position 1.1 × I b1 Defective area (1.15-1.2). Times.I bn 1.1 × I, end position b2n+1 。
Further, the step of determining the electron beam repair welding focusing parameters according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each partition position comprises the following steps:
when the welding defect type is an air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in a single-layer plate defect area, adopting an original welding focusing state and parameters;
when the welding defect type is a non-penetration welding defect, adopting an original welding focusing state and parameters;
when the welding defect type is an air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in the upper plate defect area, regulating and controlling a focusing current in the upper plate defect area to enable the focus state of an electron beam to approach the upper plate, and keeping the original focusing state and parameters in the rest areas;
when the welding defect type is the air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in the lower layer plate defect area, the focusing current is regulated and controlled in the lower layer plate defect area to enable the focus state of the electron beam to approach to the lower layer plate, and the other areas keep the original focusing state and parameters.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: by the aid of partition planning of welding defects, a defect expansion range of repair welding is designed, conditions and preparation are provided for repair welding, the stability of repair welding parameter transition is improved, repair welding coverage of the whole defect is realized, and the one-time repair welding qualification rate is improved; the repair welding direction of the nearby air hole exhaust is designed, so that the penetration of the defect position and the defect elimination are improved, the defect expansion and transfer probability is reduced, and the generation of secondary repair welding defects is avoided; by regulating and controlling the electron beam focusing and focus offset states of the repair welding area, repair welding of air hole defects of the upper layer plate area and the lower layer plate area is realized, the repair welding penetration effect of the defects of the double-layer plate is improved, and the formation and the internal quality of repair welding seams are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a welding cross section of a double-layer plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a two-layer plate welding structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a welding structure of a double-layer test board according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a defective partition structure of a weld of a double-layer plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a repair welding direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an original welding focus state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a focus control structure for top plate pore repair welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a structure for regulating focus of repair welding of air holes of a lower plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The double-layer plate comprises a plate which is formed into a V-shaped structure, a T-shaped structure and other double-layer structures, and the electron beam repair welding method of the double-layer plate structure provided by the invention is used for repairing the defects of the plate with the double-layer plate structure after welding so as to enable the plate to be continuously and normally used.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, and the electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to at least one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the electron beam repair welding method for repairing a double-layer plate structure with a welding defect according to the present invention at least includes the following steps:
step S01: determining the type and the position of the welding defect by an auxiliary means;
step S02: expanding outwards by taking the defect position as a center to cover the original defect area as a defect repair welding area;
step S03: dividing the defect repair welding area according to the structure of the repair welding product;
step S04: and determining a repair welding direction, a heat input regulating quantity and an electron beam repair welding focusing parameter according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each partition position.
In the above step, the method may specifically include:
(1) And (3) defect repair welding partition planning:
the type and location of weld defects such as blowholes 10, lack of penetration 11, etc. are determined by radiographic inspection or other means (e.g., visual inspection, ultrasonic inspection, penetrant inspection, etc.). The size of a single defect is generally not more than 2mm, and each defect repair welding area is defined as a plus or minus (10-10) mm area taking the defect as the center, so that the stable transition of repair welding process parameters is facilitated, the repair welding coverage of the whole defect is realized, and the one-time repair welding qualification rate is improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the defect repair welded area is divided into a single-layer board defect area 7, an upper-layer board defect area 8, a lower-layer board defect area 9, and the like according to the defect distribution.
(2) Repair welding process and welding direction design
Repair welding is designed according to the welding defect type and the partition determined in the embodiment, and repair welding is performed by adopting a mode of increasing linear energy (namely, improving the heat input regulation and control quantity) in consideration of the penetrability and the elimination of the defect position. Meanwhile, considering the minimum expansion of the repair welding of the air hole defect, the repair welding direction for exhausting the air hole defect nearby is designed, and the sharp change of the rear side profile of the repair welding defect is avoided, as shown in fig. 5 in which the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the repair welding direction.
1) When the defects of the air holes 10 are located in the defect area 7 of the single-layer plate, the heat input regulation and control amount is increased, the distance between the defects and the edge of the single-layer plate is short, the whole welding seam repair welding is carried out in the direction from the double-layer plate → the single-layer plate, and because the parameters of the double-layer plate are not well controlled, the air holes can be extruded to the single-layer plate when the repair welding is carried out from the double-layer plate to the single-layer plate, so that the expansion range and the probability of the original air holes are reduced.
2) When the defect area 8 of the upper plate has the defects of the air holes 10, the focusing of electron beams is regulated and controlled, and the heat input energy is increased for repair welding; because the defect is close to the edge of the double-layer board, the repair welding is carried out in the direction from the single-layer board → the double-layer board.
3) When the defects of the air holes 10 are located in the defect area 9 of the lower layer plate, the focus is regulated and controlled, the heat input regulation and control quantity is increased, repair welding is carried out, the distance between the defect position and the edge of the double layer plate is short, and the whole welding line is repair-welded in the direction from the single layer plate → the double layer plate.
4) When the welding defect is incomplete penetration 11, the repair welding is performed in the original direction (single-layer plate → double-layer plate) by increasing the heat input regulation amount without considering the subarea.
(3) Electron beam repair welding focusing parameter and heat input regulation
1) For the condition that only the defect of incomplete penetration 11 exists or the defect of the air hole 10 of the single-layer plate defect area 7 exists, the original welding focusing state and parameters are adopted, as shown in FIG. 6; on the basis of increasing welding heat input energy by 10 percent, increasing 5 to 10 percent of heat input regulation and control quantity in a defective area, and performing repair welding on the whole welding line. Namely, the original welding current parameters: starting position I b1 A defective area I bn End position I b2n+1 Welding current is 1.1 × I at initial position b1 ... → defective area (1.15-1.2) × I bn ... → end position 1.1 × I b2n+1 The convergence stream trend is unchanged.
2) When the welding air hole 10 is defected on the upper and lower plates, the electron beam focusing state is readjusted in the defect area, and simultaneously the heat input energy (current) is increased according to 1): i.e. starting position 1.1 xI b1 ... → defective area (1.15-1.2) × I bn ... → end position 1.1 × I b2n+1 The convergence stream trend is unchanged.
The electron beam focusing state is specifically regulated as follows:
when the upper plate defect area 8 has the defects of the air holes 10, in order to increase the welding melting penetration effect of the upper plate, as shown in FIG. 7; regulating and controlling a focusing current in the upper plate defect area 8 to enable a focus state 17 of an electron beam 15 to be closer to the upper plate and to tend to a beam spot state 16; the other areas remain in the original focus state, i.e. electron beam 12, beam spot 13, focal point 14.
When the lower plate defect area 9 has the defect of the air hole 10, in order to increase the penetration effect of the lower plate, as shown in fig. 8, the focus state 20 of the focused electron beam 18 is adjusted and controlled in the lower plate defect area 9 to approach the lower plate, so that the focused electron beam tends to be in a beam spot state 19, and other areas keep the original welding focus state.
(4) Welding forming and quality verification:
the double-layer board test board structure shown in fig. 3 is adopted, and the welding parameters determined by the electron beam repair welding focusing parameters and the heat input regulation (3) are selected for carrying out welding forming test verification. And (4) the appearance forming of the welding seam and the internal quality of the welding seam meet the I-level standard, and finally, the repair welding process specification and parameters of the double-layer plate structure are confirmed.
In connection with the method of the above embodiment and the accompanying drawings, the following embodiments are provided:
taking the titanium alloy material double-layer plate test piece of fig. 3 as an example, the specific dimensions are as follows: the thickness of the single-layer plate area is transited from 6mm to 12mm, and the length is 60mm; the thickness delta of the upper and lower plates is 6mm, and the included angle of the molded surface
The length is 200mm, and the width of the whole structure is 200mm.
Example 1:
when the lower plate has the defect of incomplete penetration of 11, the specific welding implementation process is as follows:
(1) And (3) defect repair welding partition planning: the defect is classified as the incomplete penetration 11 defect of the lower plate defect area 9, the defect length is 2mm, and the designed defect repair welding area is determined as an area which takes the incomplete penetration 11 defect as the center and ranges from-8 mm to +8mm for repair welding.
(2) And (3) repair welding process and welding direction design: the heat input energy is increased to carry out electron beam repair welding, and the whole welding seam is repaired and welded along the original welding direction (single-layer plate → double-layer plate).
(3) Electron beam repair welding heat input regulation: the original welding focusing state and parameters are adopted: voltage U a 150kV, a speed v of 1200mm/min, a focusing current I from the beginning to the end f Change is 2210 → 2220mA, welding current I b From original 75mA to initial 1.1 xI b1 =82.5mA → defective area 1.2 × I bn =90mA → 1.1 × I at the end position b1 =82.5mA, the pinch flow trend remains unchanged.
(4) Welding forming and quality verification: and (4) selecting the welding parameters determined by the electron beam repair welding heat input regulation in the step (3), verifying a welding forming test, confirming that the appearance forming of the welding seam and the internal quality of the welding seam meet the I-level standard, and confirming the repair welding process method and the specification.
Example 2:
the upper plate has the defect of welding air holes 10, and the specific welding implementation process is as follows:
(1) And (3) defect repair welding partition planning: the defect is summarized as the defect of the air hole 10 of the upper plate defect area 8, the defect length is 2mm, and the defect repair welding area is determined as an area which takes the defect of the air hole 10 as the center and ranges from-10 mm to +10 mm.
(2) And (3) repair welding process and welding direction design: increasing heat input energy, regulating and controlling the focusing state, and performing repair welding of the whole welding seam along the direction of the single-layer plate → the double-layer plate.
(3) Adjusting and controlling focusing parameters and heat input of electron beam repair welding: voltage U a 150kV, a speed v of 1200mm/min and a welding current I b From original 75mA to initial 1.1 xI b1 =82.5mA → defective region 1.2 × I bn =90mA → end position 1.1 × I b1 =82.5mA, focusing current I f The change is from the start 2210mA → the defect area 2215-2230 mA → the end 2220mA, and the change trend of the convergence flow stage is kept unchanged.
(4) Welding forming and quality verification: and (4) selecting the electron beam repair welding focusing parameters and the welding parameters determined by heat input regulation in the step (3), verifying a welding forming test, confirming that the appearance forming of the welding seam and the internal quality of the welding seam meet the I-level standard, and confirming the repair welding process method and the specifications.
Example 3:
the lower layer plate has the defect of welding air holes 10, and the specific welding implementation process is as follows:
(1) And (3) defect repair welding partition planning: the defect is attributed to the defect of the air hole 10 in the defect area 9 of the lower plate, the defect length is 2mm, and the defect repair welding area is determined to be an area with the defect of the air hole 10 as the center and ranging from-10 mm to +10 mm.
(2) And (3) repair welding process and welding direction design: increasing heat input energy, regulating and controlling the focusing state, and performing repair welding on the whole welding seam along the transition direction of the single-layer plate → the double-layer plate.
(3) Adjusting and controlling focusing parameters and heat input of electron beam repair welding: voltage U a 150kV, a speed v of 1200mm/min, a welding current I b The original 75mA is changed into the initial 1.1×I b1 =82.5mA → defective region 1.2 × I bn =90mA → end position 1.1 × I b1 =82.5mA, focusing current I f The change is from start 2210mA → defect area 2205-2290 mA → end 2220mA, and the change trend of the convergence flow stage is kept unchanged.
(4) Welding forming and quality verification: and (3) selecting the electron beam repair welding focusing parameters and the welding parameters determined by heat input regulation, performing welding forming test verification, confirming that the appearance forming and the internal quality of the welding seam meet the I-level standard, and confirming the repair welding process method and the specifications.
According to the embodiment, the electron beam repair welding method of the double-layer plate structure comprises the following steps: (1) Based on the types of the defects of incomplete penetration and pore welding, the defect repair welding area with expanded range is designed through repair welding defect partition planning, conditions and preparation are provided for repair welding, the stability of repair welding parameter transition is improved, the repair welding coverage of the whole defect is realized, and the one-time repair welding qualification rate is improved. (2) The penetration and defect removal performance of the defect position are improved by adopting a repair welding process which increases the linear energy and assists in focusing regulation; the repair welding direction of the exhaust of nearby air holes at different defect positions is designed, the probability of expansion and transfer of air hole defects in repair welding is reduced, and the secondary defect of repair welding caused by profile change is eliminated. (3) For the double-layer plate structure with defects, 1.1-1.2 times of welding line energy increment is adopted, and the repair welding of the air hole defects of the upper layer plate area and the lower layer plate area is realized by regulating and controlling the electron beam focusing and focus offset states of the defect repair welding area, so that the repair welding penetration effect of the double-layer plate defect area is improved, and the forming and internal quality of the repair welding seam is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An electron beam repair welding method for a double-layer plate structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the type and position of the welding defect by an auxiliary means;
expanding outwards by taking the defect position as a center to cover the original defect area as a defect repair welding area;
dividing the defect repair welding area according to the structure of the repair welding product;
and determining a repair welding direction, a heat input regulating quantity and an electron beam repair welding focusing parameter according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each partition position.
2. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary means for determining the type and location of the welding defect comprises: appearance detection, radiographic inspection detection, ultrasonic inspection, and penetrant inspection detection.
3. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to claim 1, wherein said welding defect type includes blowholes and lack of penetration.
4. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to claim 3, wherein said dividing the defective repair welding area according to the structure of the repair welded product comprises: and dividing the defect repair welding area into a single-layer plate defect area, an upper-layer plate defect area and a lower-layer plate defect area.
5. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure of claim 1, wherein the expanding outward centered on the defect location comprises: and taking a region of minus 10 to +10mm with the defect position as the center as a defect repair welding region.
6. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining the repair welding direction according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each divisional position comprises:
when the welding defect type is the air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in the defect area of the single-layer plate, selecting the direction from the double-layer plate to the single-layer plate for repair welding;
when the welding defect type is an air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in an upper layer plate defect area or a lower layer plate defect area, selecting the direction from a single-layer plate to a double-layer plate for repair welding;
and when the welding defect type is a non-penetration defect, performing repair welding along the direction from the single-layer plate to the double-layer plate.
7. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-plate structure according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the step of determining the heat input regulating amount according to the welding defect type and the distribution of the welding defect type at each divisional position comprises:
taking the original welding current parameter area as a basic parameter, and increasing 5% -20% of heat input quantity along the repair welding direction to be used as repair welding current; wherein the original welding current parameter area comprises: starting position I b1 A defective area I bn End position I b 2n+1 。
8. An electron beam repair welding method of a double-layer plate structure according to claim 7, wherein said repair welding current is: starting position 1.1 × I b1 Defective area (1.15-1.2). Times.I bn 1.1 × I, end position b 2n+1 。
9. The electron beam repair welding method of a double-layer plate structure according to claim 7, wherein the step of determining the focusing parameters of the electron beam repair welding according to the type of the welding defect and the distribution of the type of the welding defect at each divisional position comprises the steps of:
when the welding defect type is an air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in a single-layer plate defect area, adopting an original welding focusing state and parameters;
when the welding defect type is a non-penetration welding defect, adopting an original welding focusing state and parameters;
when the welding defect type is an air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in the upper plate defect area, regulating and controlling a focusing current in the upper plate defect area to enable the focus state of an electron beam to approach the upper plate, and keeping the original focusing state and parameters in the rest areas;
when the welding defect type is the air hole defect and the air hole defect is positioned in the lower layer plate defect area, the focusing current is regulated and controlled in the lower layer plate defect area to enable the focus state of the electron beam to approach the lower layer plate, and the other areas keep the original focusing state and parameters.
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| JPS5768286A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for electron beam repair welding |
| CN102069288A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-05-25 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Large-thickness run-on plate welding method for electron beam welding thin plate angle butt joint structure |
| CN106624321A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中航动力股份有限公司 | Double-layer tube structure air conduit electron beam welding butt joint structure |
| CN108857032A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-23 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of horizontal rifle electron beam repair method of spherical shell equator weld seam |
| CN108655556A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-10-16 | 湖南南方通用航空发动机有限公司 | A method of based on electron beam weldering processing with lock butt joint |
| CN110560876A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-13 | 南昌航空大学 | Double-layer plate with cooling turbulence column structure and vacuum electron beam processing method |
| CN113369660A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-10 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating defect of electron beam welding air hole |
| CN114131153A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-03-04 | 上海赛科利汽车模具技术应用有限公司 | Surface depression surfacing method for automobile die cast steel |
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