CN115229212B - Device and method for processing composite additive by synchronous laser cleaning and polishing of broadband laser cladding - Google Patents
Device and method for processing composite additive by synchronous laser cleaning and polishing of broadband laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN115229212B CN115229212B CN202210852773.7A CN202210852773A CN115229212B CN 115229212 B CN115229212 B CN 115229212B CN 202210852773 A CN202210852773 A CN 202210852773A CN 115229212 B CN115229212 B CN 115229212B
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/033—Other grinding machines or devices for grinding a surface for cleaning purposes, e.g. for descaling or for grinding off flaws in the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for synchronously cleaning and polishing composite additive materials by broadband laser cladding, wherein a machine tool beam or a manipulator is simultaneously provided with a composite processing head consisting of a broadband laser cladding head, a steel wire wheel polishing head and a laser cleaning processing head, the laser cleaning processing head is arranged on one side of the broadband cladding head in the cladding direction, the steel wire wheel polishing head is arranged on the other side, and the three parts are driven to synchronously move along the cladding direction. Before cladding starts, removing greasy dirt and sundries on the surface of the workpiece through the whole composite processing head. In the cladding process, the workpiece performs rotary motion, the former cladding layer firstly removes large-particle oxide scales generated on the surface through the steel wire wheel polishing head, and then the laser cleaning head removes surface tiny oxides, so that the next cladding layer is prevented from covering oxides inside the coating in the lapping process, the cladding layer pretreatment production efficiency is improved, the cladding layer lapping area can be effectively purified, and the salt spray corrosion performance of the cladding layer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding additive manufacturing, in particular to a device and a method for processing composite additive by synchronous laser cleaning and polishing of broadband laser cladding.
Background
The complex environments of the coal mine, such as high concentration of corrosive gas, perennial wetness and the like, lead the surfaces of hydraulic supports of the coal machine, bearing rollers and the like to be influenced by metal corrosion throughout the year, increase rust areas and even peel off along with the increase of service lives, and simultaneously lead the service lives of the equipment and the rollers to be greatly influenced due to the continuous impact of coal particles on the surfaces of the hydraulic supports and the bearing rollers in the environments of the equipment, thereby having high replacement cost and long time consumption.
The broadband laser cladding technology is used as one advanced laser reproducing technology, and has the main principle of converting circular multimode light spot into rectangular light spot with light spot size of 10-50 mm, matching with powder feeding in certain width, forming broadband molten pool on the surface of base material via high power laser beam, and solidification to obtain broadband cladding layer, and features high processing efficiency up to 0.5-1.5 m 2 And (3) the cladding surface is smoother, the hardness and wear resistance of the prepared coating are better, the powder utilization rate is high and reaches more than 95%, the lap joint times are less, the cost is low, the method is suitable for large-scale shaft part laser remanufacturing, and the method is widely applied to the fields of coal machines, electric power, metallurgy and the like at present, for example, the high-hardness, high-wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance coating and the repairing coating are prepared, so that the service lives of coal machine equipment and rollers are prolonged, and the replacement cost is reduced.
In the actual research and development and production process, salt spray corrosion performance test of the broadband cladding workpiece shows that corrosion rust points regularly appear in the cladding layer overlap area (shown in figure 1). Because the broadband laser cladding laser power is higher, the temperature in a molten pool is usually over 1600 ℃, and the single deposition powder amount is large, the cladding layer is seriously oxidized, the surface oxide skin is rough, the size of the large-particle oxide is about 3mm, and the size of the micro oxide is about 100 mu m. In the cladding lap joint process, the oxide scale is often covered to form oxide inclusions with different sizes. In general, holes often exist around oxide inclusions, and the formation of stress concentration to induce crack propagation also changes the local potential of a cladding layer to form a primary cell so as to cause pitting corrosion, so that the service life of a large-scale bearing part of a coal machine part in service in a salt spray environment is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device and method, wherein a laser cleaning and steel wire wheel polishing device is synchronously used in the laser cladding processing process to remove oxidation products and slagging products generated in the powder deposition melting process, so that the metallurgical quality of a cladding layer is improved, the influence of mixed oxides on the comprehensive performance of the cladding layer is solved, the quality of the cladding layer is improved, and the salt spray corrosion performance of the cladding layer is improved.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device, including:
a rotary table configured to provide horizontal support of the shaft-like workpiece and to drive the shaft-like workpiece for rotary movement along a longitudinal axis thereof;
a composite processing device facing the surface of the shaft workpiece and arranged to prepare a coating on the surface of the shaft workpiece according to a predetermined path;
the composite processing device comprises a broadband laser cladding processing head, a wire wheel polishing head and a laser cleaning processing head which are positioned on the same processing equipment;
the wire wheel polishing head and the laser cleaning processing head are respectively positioned at two different sides of the broadband laser cladding processing head, and are arranged to linearly move along the longitudinal axis direction of the shaft workpiece and defined as cladding direction, so that a spiral linear track is formed on the surface of the shaft workpiece;
the broadband laser cladding processing head is used for forming broadband light spots on the surface of the shaft workpiece according to a preset cladding process and a spiral linear track, cladding powder sent to the surface of the shaft workpiece, and forming a multi-pass spiral linear broadband cladding layer with a certain width;
the steel wire wheel polishing head is arranged at one side of the broadband laser cladding processing head along the cladding direction and is used for polishing a cladding layer of the last pass and removing surface large-particle oxide skin in the rotating motion process of the shaft workpiece;
the laser cleaning processing head is arranged on the other side of the broadband laser cladding processing head opposite to the broadband laser cladding processing head along the cladding direction and is positioned at the position of the steel wire wheel polishing head opposite to the broadband laser cladding processing head, the laser cleaning processing head is used for projecting laser cleaning light spots to the surface of the shaft workpiece, and the laser cleaning light spots are used for carrying out laser cleaning on the cladding layer formed on the surface of the shaft workpiece and removing surface micro oxides generated by polishing.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for processing a composite additive by cleaning and polishing with a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser is provided, which includes the following steps:
the position relation between the steel wire wheel polishing head, the laser cleaning processing head and the broadband laser cladding processing head is adjusted, so that the positions among the three parts meet the following conditions: defining the distance between the steel wire wheel polishing head and the broadband laser cladding processing head in the cladding direction as d, and setting the distance between the laser cleaning head and the broadband laser cladding processing head in the cladding direction as 2d;
before the coating is prepared, a driving shaft workpiece rotates, a steel wire wheel polishing head is used for polishing the surface of the shaft workpiece in the rotating process, and then a laser cleaning processing head is used for laser cleaning to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the shaft workpiece along the cladding direction according to the preset cladding direction and process to form a spiral line type broadband cladding layer with a certain width, wherein the overlap ratio between each pass of cladding layer is controlled to be 50 percent, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the preparation process of the cladding layer of each pass, after the cladding layer of the ith pass is formed, polishing is carried out through a steel wire wheel polishing head, then a shaft workpiece is rotated and enters a laser cleaning position, and laser cleaning processing is carried out through laser cleaning light spots projected by a laser cleaning processing head;
the wire wheel polishing head and the laser cleaning processing head are formed into spiral tracks on the surface of the shaft workpiece, and are delayed from the tracks of the broadband laser cladding processing head.
Therefore, the surface polishing treatment is carried out on the cladding layer of each pass through the steel wire wheel polishing head after the cladding layer is formed, the surface large-particle oxide scale (the grain size is 1-3 mm) is removed, and then the surface tiny oxide (the grain size is 100-1000 mu m) generated by polishing is removed through the laser cleaning light spot projected by the laser cleaning processing head, so that the oxide is prevented from being introduced into the coating in the lapping process when the cladding layer of the next pass is prepared, the production efficiency of the cladding pretreatment can be improved, the lapping area of the cladding channel can be effectively purified, and particularly, the quality of the prepared cladding coating is improved, and the salt spray corrosion performance of the cladding layer is improved.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the working position of the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of a polishing position and a cleaning position of a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning polishing composite additive processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively, after finishing the preparation of an ith pass cladding layer, a workpiece is driven to rotate a certain angle, and then the workpiece is changed from fig. 3 to fig. 4.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device in a polishing procedure processing process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device in a laser cleaning process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the surface topography of a coating produced by conventional laser broadband cladding.
Fig. 8 is a graph of salt spray test results of a conventional laser broadband cladding remanufactured coating.
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the surface topography of a coating produced by a broadband laser cladding synchronized laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph of the results of salt spray testing of a coating prepared by a broadband laser cladding synchronized laser cleaning and sanding composite additive processing device of an embodiment of the present invention.
The meaning of the individual symbols in the drawings is as follows:
10. the composite processing device comprises a 11-broadband laser cladding processing head, a 20-steel wire wheel polishing head and a 30-laser cleaning processing head; 40-cleaning beam, 21-first connection mechanism, 31-second connection mechanism;
100-a rotary workbench;
101-shaft type work pieces.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are set forth below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the drawings, in which are shown a number of illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, may be implemented in any of a number of ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the disclosure may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the disclosure.
In combination with the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device of the example shown in fig. 1, a machine tool beam or a manipulator is simultaneously provided with a composite processing head consisting of a broadband laser cladding head, a steel wire wheel polishing head and a laser cleaning processing head, the laser cleaning processing head is arranged on one side of the broadband cladding head in the cladding direction, the steel wire wheel polishing head is arranged on the other side, and the three parts are driven to synchronously move along the cladding direction. Before cladding starts, removing greasy dirt and sundries on the surface of the workpiece through the whole composite processing head. In the cladding process, the workpiece performs rotary motion, the former cladding layer firstly removes large-particle oxide scales (1-3 mm) generated on the surface through a steel wire wheel polishing head, and then removes surface tiny oxides (100-1000 mu m) through a laser cleaning head, so that the next cladding layer is prevented from covering the oxides inside the coating in the lapping process, oxide scales and oxidation slagging products generated on the surface in the laser cladding process can be effectively removed, and particularly, the broadband cladding of large-sized shaft parts can be effectively improved, the cladding channel lapping area can be effectively purified, and the salt spray corrosion performance of the cladding layer can be improved.
The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device in combination with the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2-4 comprises a rotary table 100, a shaft workpiece 101 and a composite processing device 10.
The rotary table 100 is provided for providing horizontal support of the shaft-like workpiece 101 and driving the shaft-like workpiece 101 to perform a rotary motion along its longitudinal axis. For example, the workpiece 101 is driven to rotate along the central axis by a servo motor, and particularly to rotate at a constant speed.
The composite machining device 10, which faces the surface of the shaft-like workpiece 101, is provided for preparing a coating on the surface of the shaft-like workpiece 101 in a predetermined path.
In combination with the illustration, the composite machining device 10 is composed of a broadband laser cladding machining head 11, a wire wheel grinding head 20 and a laser cleaning machining head 30, and the wire wheel grinding head 20 and the laser cleaning machining head 30 are respectively located on different two sides of the broadband laser cladding machining head 11. The three machining heads are integrated on the same machine tool beam or mechanical arm, so that the three machining heads can be driven to linearly move along the longitudinal axis direction of the shaft workpiece 101.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the wire wheel sharpening head 20 is connected to the body of the compound machining device 10 via a first connection mechanism 21. The first connection means 21 particularly preferably employs a length and/or angle of rotation adjustable mechanism, such as a hinge mechanism, so that the position and angle of the wire wheel sharpening head 20 relative to the workpiece and the broadband laser cladding head 11 can be adjusted.
The laser cleaning head 30 is connected to the body of the complex processing apparatus 10 via a second connection mechanism 31. The second connection 31 is particularly preferably a length and/or angle of rotation adjustable mechanism, such as a hinge mechanism, so that the position and angle of the laser cleaning head 30 relative to the workpiece and the broadband laser cladding head 11 can be adjusted.
It should be appreciated that the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 of embodiments of the present invention may employ commercially available broadband cladding heads, such as laser spots having a circular, elliptical, or square shape. The broadband laser cladding processing head 11 is particularly integrated with a powder feeding channel and a powder feeding nozzle, and adopts a coaxial powder feeding mode to feed powder to the surface of the shaft workpiece so as to form powder spots.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the broadband laser cladding processing head 11, the wire wheel grinding head 20, and the laser cleaning processing head 30 are disposed to move linearly along the longitudinal axis direction of the shaft workpiece 101, defined as the cladding direction, so as to form a spiral line-shaped track on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the aforementioned broadband laser cladding processing head 11 is configured to form a broadband spot on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 according to a predetermined cladding process and a spiral line track, and clad the powder fed to the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 to form an N-th spiral line type broadband cladding layer having a certain width, where n=1, 2,3, …, N and N denote total passes determined according to the cladding process.
Wherein the overlap ratio of the multi-pass cladding layer formed by cladding metal powder on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 by the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 is more than or equal to 30%.
The steel wire wheel polishing head 20 is arranged at one side of the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 along the cladding direction and is used for polishing the cladding layer of the previous pass and removing the surface large particle oxide skin in the process of the rotary motion of the shaft workpiece 101.
The laser cleaning processing head 30 is arranged on the other side of the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 opposite to the broadband laser cladding processing head along the cladding direction and is positioned at the position of the wire wheel polishing head 20 opposite to the broadband laser cladding processing head, the laser cleaning processing head 30 is used for projecting laser cleaning light spots on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101, and the laser cleaning light spots are used for carrying out laser cleaning on the cladding layer formed on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 and removing surface micro oxides generated by polishing.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the wire wheel sharpening head 20, the laser cleaning processing head 30, and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 are arranged to be synchronously driven to linearly move along the longitudinal axis direction of the shaft-like workpiece 101.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the size of the laser cleaning spot projected from the laser cleaning processing head 30 to the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 is equal to or larger than the width size of the single-pass cladding layer.
Alternatively, the laser cleaning processing head 30 projects a rectangular laser cleaning spot onto the surface of the shaft workpiece 101. In the embodiment of the invention, the laser cleaning light spot is a rectangular frame line with the length of 100mm and the width of 5mm, and the shape and the focal length of the light spot can be adjusted so as to adapt to shaft parts with different sizes and cladding layers with different widths.
The adjustable distance of the wire wheel grinding head 20 from the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 is 100-1000 mm, so that the wire wheel grinding head can be suitable for shaft parts with different sizes.
Because smoke dust can be generated in the laser cleaning process, in order to improve the quality of the cladding layer, an air knife can be arranged below the broadband laser cladding processing head 11, and the smoke dust is blown away by compressed air to protect the lens group inside the broadband laser cladding processing head 11.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the positions of the wire wheel grinding head 20, the laser cleaning processing head 30 and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 are adjusted so that the positions among the three satisfy the following conditions: defining the distance between the wire wheel polishing head 20 and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 in the cladding direction as d, then the distance between the laser cleaning head and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 in the cladding direction as 2d, and controlling the overlap ratio between each pass of cladding layers as 50%.
The composite processing apparatus is configured to complete the preparation of the cladding layer of each pass on the surface of the shaft-like workpiece 101 in accordance with a predetermined process, wherein the laser cleaning process is performed by the laser cleaning process head 30 based on the rotational movement of the surface of the shaft-like workpiece 101 such that the cladding layer is respectively located at the polishing positions at different rotational angles, polished by the wire wheel polishing head 20, and located at the cleaning positions.
For example, in the preparation process of the cladding layer of any ith pass based on the rotary motion of the surface of the shaft workpiece 101, after the cladding layer of the ith pass is formed, polishing is performed through the wire wheel polishing head 20, then the shaft workpiece 101 rotates and enters a laser cleaning position, and laser cleaning processing is performed by the laser cleaning light spot projected by the laser cleaning processing head 30; wherein the wire wheel polishing head 20 and the laser cleaning processing head 30 are formed in a spiral track on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 and are delayed from the track of the broadband laser cladding processing head 11.
The examples shown in connection with fig. 4-6 show the positional relationship of the wire wheel sanding head 20, the laser cleaning head 30, and the broadband laser cladding head 11, as well as the schematic representation of the various processes. In fig. 4, the distance between the wire wheel grinding head 20 and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 in the cladding direction is controlled and regulated to be d, and the distance between the laser cleaning head and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 in the cladding direction is controlled to be 2d.
In an alternative embodiment, 4d is set to half the cladding layer width and the overlap ratio is 50%. Setting the light spot width range to be 8-32 mm, wherein the light spot width is approximately equal to the width of the cladding layer, and determining the value of d to be 1-4 mm.
Thus, in the first pass of cladding layer preparation, the start-up sequence can be controlled from the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 to the wire wheel grinding head 20 to the laser cleaning processing head 30.
According to the designed spiral line cladding track, after the first-pass cladding layer rotates 90 degrees along with the workpiece, the steel wire wheel polishing head 20 moves along with the integral composite processing head 10 by a distance d in the cladding direction, and the polishing position cladding layer moves to the steel wire wheel polishing head 20 for removing large-size oxide particles. After the workpiece is rotated 270 °, the laser cleaning head 30 is moved 3d along with the composite head 10 in the cladding direction, so that the polishing position cladding layer is moved to the laser cleaning head 30, and the fine-sized oxide particles are removed by laser cleaning. After the workpiece rotates 360 degrees, the whole device moves for 4d, and the second pass cladding is started. 4d can be set to be half the width of the cladding layer, so the overlap ratio is controlled to be 50%. Thus, the cladding process and forming are performed on the workpiece surface, pass by pass, according to a predetermined cladding process and overall pass setting, until the final coating preparation is completed.
With reference to fig. 1 and the process switching shown in fig. 2-6, the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing method comprises the following steps:
the positions of the wire wheel polishing head 20, the laser cleaning processing head 30 and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 are adjusted so that the positions among the three parts meet the following conditions: defining the distance between the steel wire wheel polishing head 20 and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 in the cladding direction as d, and then defining the distance between the laser cleaning head and the broadband laser cladding processing head 11 in the cladding direction as 2d;
before the coating is prepared, a driving shaft workpiece 101 rotates, a steel wire wheel polishing head 20 is used for polishing the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 in the rotating process, and then a laser cleaning processing head 30 is used for laser cleaning to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 along the cladding direction according to the preset cladding direction and process to form a spiral broadband cladding layer with a certain width, wherein the overlap ratio between each pass of cladding layer is controlled to be 50 percent, and the overlap ratio between each pass of cladding layer is controlled to be 50 percent:
in the preparation process of the cladding layer of each pass, after the cladding layer of the ith pass is formed, polishing is firstly carried out through the steel wire wheel polishing head 20, then the shaft workpiece 101 rotates and enters a laser cleaning position, and laser cleaning processing is carried out by laser cleaning light spots projected by the laser cleaning processing head 30;
wherein the wire wheel grinding head 20 and the laser cleaning processing head 30 are formed on the surface of the shaft workpiece 101 in a spiral track shape, and are delayed from the track of the broadband laser cladding processing head 11.
The process of the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing method of the embodiment is combined, high-hardness Fe-Cr alloy powder is used as a material, and a high-hardness, high-wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance coating is prepared on the outer surface of the 27 SiMn-material roller.
Powder material: fe-Cr alloy powder with particle size of 50-150 μm and vacuum drying time of 1 h.
Test roller piece: through turning to surface smoothness, the size specification: the outer diameter of the roller is 300mm, the length of the roller is 1000mm, and the material is 27SiMn.
Laser cladding equipment: ZKYC-WLD-2000 type laser remanufacturing equipment: the device comprises a triaxial machine tool, a coaxial rectangular powder feeding processing head, a laser semiconductor 10000W laser, an MCWL-120DT2 water cooler and an RC-PGF-D-2 double-barrel powder feeder.
Laser cladding parameters: laser power is 6000-10000W, spot size is 26 x 3mm, powder feeding rotating speed is 1-5 r/min, cladding efficiency is 0.1-0.7 m 2 /h。
Laser cleaning power: 50-200W, the length of the rectangular wide light spot is 10-100 mm, and the width is 3-20mm.
Wire wheel polishing head: the idle load rotating speed of the wire wheel is 1300RPM, and the power is 700W.
As shown in FIG. 7, the conventional preparation process, namely, the surface topography of the cladding layer of the high-hardness high-wear-resistance corrosion-resistance coating is prepared on the outer surface of the 27 SiMn-material roller by using Fe-Cr alloy powder as a material through a broadband laser cladding process, so that more oxide scale exists on the surface of the cladding layer, especially at the lap joint of the roads. FIG. 8 is the test results of the neutral salt spray corrosion test 120h for the clad article obtained in FIG. 7, showing that more rust was present on the stick surface.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a coating prepared by the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing method according to the embodiment of the invention, through steel wire wheel polishing and laser cleaning, oxide skin and small particles cannot enter a cladding layer, oxide skin particles in a lap joint area can be effectively removed, the surface color of the cladding layer is changed, certain metallic luster is provided, and the quality of the cladding layer is improved.
The left side and the right side of fig. 10 respectively show a neutral salt spray corrosion test cabinet without laser cleaning and with laser cleaning in the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing method according to the foregoing embodiment, and the neutral salt spray corrosion test is 120h, and it can be seen by comparing fig. 10 that rust points appear on the cladding overlap joint of the non-laser cleaned workpiece, and the cladding layer is basically rust-free after laser cleaning.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a compound additive processingequipment of synchronous laser cleaning of broadband laser cladding, its characterized in that includes:
a rotary table (100) arranged to provide horizontal support of the shaft-like workpiece (101) and to drive the shaft-like workpiece (101) in a rotary motion along its longitudinal axis;
a composite machining device (10) facing the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) and arranged to prepare a coating on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) according to a predetermined path;
the composite machining device comprises a broadband laser cladding machining head (11), a wire wheel grinding head (20) and a laser cleaning machining head (30) which are positioned on the same machining equipment;
the wire wheel polishing head (20) and the laser cleaning processing head (30) are respectively positioned at two different sides of the broadband laser cladding processing head (11), and are arranged to linearly move along the longitudinal axis direction of the shaft workpiece (101) and are defined as cladding directions, so that a spiral linear track is formed on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101);
the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) is used for forming broadband light spots on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) according to a preset cladding process and a spiral linear track, cladding powder sent to the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) to form an N-th spiral linear broadband cladding layer with a certain width, wherein n=1, 2,3, …, N and N represent total passes determined according to the cladding process;
the steel wire wheel polishing head (20) is arranged at one side of the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) along the cladding direction and is used for polishing a cladding layer of the last pass and removing surface large-particle oxide skin in the rotating process of the shaft workpiece (101);
the laser cleaning processing head (30) is arranged on the other side opposite to the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) along the cladding direction and is positioned at the position opposite to the steel wire wheel polishing head (20), the laser cleaning processing head (30) is used for projecting laser cleaning light spots on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101), and the laser cleaning light spots are used for carrying out laser cleaning on a cladding layer formed on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) and removing surface micro oxides generated by polishing;
wherein the wire wheel grinding head (20), the laser cleaning processing head (30) and the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) are synchronously driven to linearly move along the longitudinal axis direction of the shaft workpiece (101).
2. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device according to claim 1, wherein the overlap ratio of a multi-pass cladding layer formed by cladding metal powder on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) by the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) is more than or equal to 30%.
3. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device according to claim 1, wherein the size of a laser cleaning light spot projected by the laser cleaning processing head (30) to the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) is larger than or equal to the width size of the single-pass cladding layer.
4. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive machining device according to claim 1, wherein the laser cleaning light spot projected by the laser cleaning machining head (30) to the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) is a rectangular light spot.
5. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a distance d between the wire wheel polishing head (20) and the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) in the cladding direction is defined, and a distance 2d between the laser cleaning head and the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) in the cladding direction is defined.
6. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive machining device according to claim 5, characterized in that the composite machining device is arranged to complete the preparation of the cladding layer of each pass on the surface of the shaft-like workpiece (101) according to a predetermined procedure, wherein the laser cleaning machining is performed by the laser cleaning machining head (30) based on the rotary motion of the surface of the shaft-like workpiece (101) such that the cladding layer is respectively located at the polishing position, polished by the wire wheel polishing head (20), and located at the cleaning position at different rotation angles.
7. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive machining device according to claim 5, characterized in that for any first, based on the rotary motion of the surface of the shaft-like workpiece (101)iIn the process of preparing the pass cladding layer, wheniAfter the pass cladding layer is formedFirstly polishing through a steel wire wheel polishing head (20), then entering a laser cleaning position after the shaft workpiece (101) rotates, and carrying out laser cleaning processing by a laser cleaning spot projected by a laser cleaning processing head (30);
the wire wheel polishing head (20) and the laser cleaning processing head (30) are formed in a spiral track on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101), and are delayed from the track of the broadband laser cladding processing head (11).
8. The broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive machining device according to claim 5, wherein the overlap ratio of the multi-pass cladding layer formed by cladding metal powder on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) by the broadband laser cladding machining head (11) is 50%.
9. A broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing method based on the broadband laser cladding synchronous laser cleaning and polishing composite additive processing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the position relation between the steel wire wheel polishing head (20) and the laser cleaning processing head (30) and the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) is adjusted, so that the positions among the three parts satisfy the following conditions: defining the distance between the steel wire wheel polishing head (20) and the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) in the cladding direction as d, and then defining the distance between the laser cleaning head and the broadband laser cladding processing head (11) in the cladding direction as 2d;
before the coating is prepared, a driving shaft workpiece (101) rotates, a steel wire wheel polishing head (20) is used for polishing the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) in the rotating process, and then a laser cleaning processing head (30) is used for carrying out laser cleaning to remove oil stains and impurities on the surface;
carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101) along the cladding direction according to the preset cladding direction and process to form a spiral broadband cladding layer with a certain width, wherein the overlap ratio between each pass of cladding layer is controlled to be 50 percent, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the preparation process of the cladding layer of each pass, wheniAfter the pass cladding layer is formed, polishing is carried out through a steel wire wheel polishing head (20), then a shaft workpiece (101) rotates and enters a laser cleaning position, and laser cleaning processing is carried out by laser cleaning light spots projected by a laser cleaning processing head (30);
the wire wheel polishing head (20) and the laser cleaning processing head (30) are formed in a spiral track on the surface of the shaft workpiece (101), and are delayed from the track of the broadband laser cladding processing head (11).
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