CN115216606B - Cold deformation capacity control method for medium carbon alloy cold forging steel - Google Patents
Cold deformation capacity control method for medium carbon alloy cold forging steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于轧钢技术领域，具体涉及一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of steel rolling, and in particular relates to a method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel.
背景技术Background technique
紧固件是一种用途极为广泛的机械基础零部件，广泛应用于汽车工业、电子、航天、军事以及民生等方面。紧固件制作工艺为热轧材拉拔加冷镦变形，与硬线、软线、焊条等其它钢种相比，其在使用中除轴向的拔丝工艺外，还增加了径向的镦锻工艺；其质量要求的特殊性和严格性还在于用户使用的过程是对产品进行了100％的检验。冷镦钢除了要求极高的表面质量要求外，冷变形能力要求也较高。Fasteners are a kind of basic mechanical parts with extremely wide applications, widely used in the automotive industry, electronics, aerospace, military and people's livelihood. The manufacturing process of fasteners is hot-rolled material drawing and cold upsetting deformation. Compared with other steel types such as hard wire, soft wire, welding rod, etc., in addition to the axial wire drawing process, radial upsetting process is also added during use; the particularity and strictness of its quality requirements also lie in the fact that the user's use process is 100% inspection of the product. In addition to the extremely high surface quality requirements, cold upsetting steel also has high requirements for cold deformation ability.
紧固件行业生产800Mpa级及以上级别高强螺栓均采用中碳钢或中碳合金钢制作，冷镦钢中碳含量及合金含量最高、变形难度最大和冷镦开裂最敏感的为中碳合金钢，一般小规格材料需要用户退火处理加冷镦加工；而大规格材料热镦使用，变形性能成为制约用户大变形量加工或免退火使用等加工流程减量化、复杂高品质零件制造的关键性限制环节。The fastener industry produces 800Mpa grade and above high-strength bolts, all of which are made of medium carbon steel or medium carbon alloy steel. Medium carbon alloy steel has the highest carbon and alloy content in cold heading steel, is the most difficult to deform, and is the most sensitive to cold heading cracking. Generally, small-sized materials require users to anneal and cold head them; while large-sized materials are used for hot heading, and deformation performance becomes a key limiting link that restricts users from reducing processing processes such as large deformation processing or annealing-free use, and manufacturing complex and high-quality parts.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述问题，本发明提供克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for controlling the cold deformation ability of medium carbon alloy cold heading steel, which overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法，所述方法包括步骤：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of a medium carbon alloy cold heading steel, the method comprising the steps of:
控制中碳合金冷镦钢多相组织的量化关系；Quantitative relationships controlling multiphase structure of medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的横截面正常晶粒尺寸；Controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的异常晶粒尺寸；Controlling the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
获取所述量化关系、所述横截面正常晶粒尺寸和所述异常晶粒尺寸之间的定量化关系；Acquire the quantitative relationship between the normal grain size of the cross section and the abnormal grain size;
根据所述定量化关系控制材料临界形变量。The critical deformation amount of the material is controlled according to the quantitative relationship.
优选地，所述控制中碳合金冷镦钢多相组织的量化关系包括步骤：Preferably, the quantitative relationship of controlling the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的边部异常粗大组织面积百分比小于等于第一预设值。The percentage of abnormally coarse structure area at the edge of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to a first preset value.
优选地，所述控制中碳合金冷镦钢多相组织的量化关系包括步骤：Preferably, the quantitative relationship of controlling the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的心部异常粗大组织面积百分比小于等于第一预设值。The percentage of abnormally coarse structure area in the core of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to a first preset value.
优选地，所述第一预设值为3％。Preferably, the first preset value is 3%.
优选地，所述控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的横截面正常晶粒尺寸包括步骤：Preferably, the controlling of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的热轧盘卷的正常晶粒尺寸处于第一预设范围。The normal grain size of the hot-rolled coil of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be within a first preset range.
优选地，所述控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的横截面正常晶粒尺寸包括步骤：Preferably, the controlling of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的热轧圆钢的正常晶粒尺寸处于第一预设范围。The normal grain size of the hot-rolled round steel of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be within a first preset range.
优选地，所述第一预设范围为20μm-30μm。Preferably, the first preset range is 20 μm-30 μm.
优选地，所述控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的异常晶粒尺寸包括步骤：Preferably, the controlling of the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的异常组织最大晶粒尺寸小于等于第二预设值。The maximum grain size of the abnormal structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to a second preset value.
优选地，所述第二预设值为120μm。Preferably, the second preset value is 120 μm.
优选地，所述定量化关系的表达式为：Preferably, the expression of the quantitative relationship is:
其中，D1表示横截面正常晶粒尺寸，D2表示异常晶粒尺寸，A表示量化关系中的异常粗大组织面积百分比,γ表示材料临界形变量。Among them, D1 represents the normal grain size of the cross section, D2 represents the abnormal grain size, A represents the percentage of abnormal coarse structure area in the quantitative relationship, and γ represents the critical deformation of the material.
本发明实施例中的一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果或优点：本申请提供的一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法解决了现有技术中钢材强度及硬度高、组织不均匀、冷镦头需要退火处理、冷镦头模具损耗大和螺栓开裂率高等问题。One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: A method for controlling the cold deformation ability of a medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel provided in the present application solves the problems in the prior art such as high steel strength and hardness, uneven structure, the need for annealing of the cold heading head, large cold heading head mold loss, and high bolt cracking rate.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
图1是本发明实施例中制备得到的中碳合金冷镦钢正常晶粒微观金相组织图；FIG1 is a normal grain microstructure diagram of a medium carbon alloy cold heading steel prepared in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明对比例中中碳合金冷镦钢边部异常晶粒微观金相组织图；FIG2 is a microstructure diagram of abnormal grains at the edge of a medium carbon alloy cold heading steel in a comparative example of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中碳冷镦钢正常晶粒在冷变形75％的镦头加工后得到的晶粒间协调变形金属流向图；3 is a metal flow diagram of coordinated deformation between grains of normal grains of carbon cold heading steel obtained after cold deformation 75% of heading processing in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明对比例2中中碳钢异常晶粒尺寸在150μm、面积占比8.4％条件下冷镦镦头变形发生开裂现象的示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the phenomenon of cracking caused by deformation of the cold heading head under the condition that the abnormal grain size of medium carbon steel in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention is 150 μm and the area accounts for 8.4%;
图5是本发明实施例2、3、8、9中碳合金钢异常晶粒尺寸在80-120μm、面积占比最大2.4％条件下得到的1/3冷顶锻模拟镦头变形未发生开裂的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of 1/3 cold forging simulation head deformation without cracking obtained under the conditions of abnormal grain size of carbon alloy steel in Examples 2, 3, 8 and 9 of the present invention being 80-120 μm and having a maximum area ratio of 2.4%;
图6是本发明实施例2中碳合金钢异常单晶粒最大尺寸在120μm且横截面金相试样异常晶粒宏观图。6 is a macroscopic picture of abnormal grains in a cross-section metallographic sample of carbon alloy steel with a maximum size of abnormal single grains of 120 μm in Example 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下文将结合具体实施方式和实施例，具体阐述本发明，本发明的优点和各种效果将由此更加清楚地呈现。本领域技术人员应理解，这些具体实施方式和实施例是用于说明本发明，而非限制本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementations and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly presented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific implementations and examples are used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention.
在整个说明书中，除非另有特别说明，本文使用的术语应理解为如本领域中通常所使用的含义。因此，除非另有定义，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员的一般理解相同的含义。若存在矛盾，本说明书优先。Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically stated, the terms used herein should be understood as meanings commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. In the event of a conflict, the present specification takes precedence.
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等，均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.
在本申请实施例中，本发明提供了一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法，所述方法包括步骤：In an embodiment of the present application, the present invention provides a method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of a medium carbon alloy cold heading steel, the method comprising the steps of:
控制中碳合金冷镦钢多相组织的量化关系；Quantitative relationships controlling multiphase structure of medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的横截面正常晶粒尺寸；Controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的异常晶粒尺寸；Controlling the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
获取所述量化关系、所述横截面正常晶粒尺寸和所述异常晶粒尺寸之间的定量化关系；Acquire the quantitative relationship between the quantified relationship, the normal grain size of the cross section, and the abnormal grain size;
根据所述定量化关系控制材料临界形变量。The critical deformation amount of the material is controlled according to the quantitative relationship.
在本申请实施例中，所述控制中碳合金冷镦钢多相组织的量化关系包括步骤：In the embodiment of the present application, the quantitative relationship of controlling the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的边部异常粗大组织面积百分比小于等于第一预设值。The percentage of abnormally coarse structure area at the edge of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to a first preset value.
在本申请实施例中，所述控制中碳合金冷镦钢多相组织的量化关系包括步骤：In the embodiment of the present application, the quantitative relationship of controlling the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的心部异常粗大组织面积百分比小于等于第一预设值。The percentage of abnormally coarse structure area in the core of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to a first preset value.
在本申请实施例中，所述第一预设值为3％。In the embodiment of the present application, the first preset value is 3%.
在本申请实施例中，由于冷镦钢中变形难度最大、冷镦开裂最为敏感的为中碳钢和中碳合金钢，因此，中碳冷镦钢晶粒尺寸均匀性及冷镦变形多晶粒协调匹配直接关系着材料冷变形的能力。在连续热轧过程中，难以实现晶粒尺寸完全均匀化，晶粒尺寸均匀化与材料临界变形量存在着量化关系。如果控制中碳冷镦钢边部或心部异常粗大组织面积百分比小于等于3％，冷镦变形可以达到材料临界许用临界变形量；如果粗大组织面积百分比大于3％，会大幅度降低材料冷镦变形的临界形变量，冷镦开裂率会大幅度提升。In the embodiments of the present application, since medium carbon steel and medium carbon alloy steel are the most difficult to deform and the most sensitive to cold heading cracking in cold heading steel, the uniformity of the grain size of medium carbon cold heading steel and the coordinated matching of multiple grains in cold heading deformation are directly related to the material's ability to cold deform. In the continuous hot rolling process, it is difficult to achieve complete homogenization of the grain size, and there is a quantitative relationship between the homogenization of the grain size and the critical deformation of the material. If the percentage of the area of abnormally coarse tissue at the edge or center of the medium carbon cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 3%, the cold heading deformation can reach the critical allowable critical deformation of the material; if the percentage of the area of the coarse tissue is greater than 3%, the critical deformation of the material cold heading deformation will be greatly reduced, and the cold heading cracking rate will be greatly increased.
在本申请实施例中，所述控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的横截面正常晶粒尺寸包括步骤：In an embodiment of the present application, the controlling of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的热轧盘卷的正常晶粒尺寸处于第一预设范围。The normal grain size of the hot-rolled coil of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be within a first preset range.
在本申请实施例中，所述控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的横截面正常晶粒尺寸包括步骤：In an embodiment of the present application, the controlling of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的热轧圆钢的正常晶粒尺寸处于第一预设范围。The normal grain size of the hot-rolled round steel of the medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be within a first preset range.
在本申请实施例中，所述第一预设范围为20μm-30μm。In the embodiment of the present application, the first preset range is 20 μm-30 μm.
在本申请实施例中，中碳冷镦钢φ22mm-32mm圆钢正常晶粒尺寸在20μm-30μm水平，异常组织单晶粒尺寸范围在40mm-300mm范围内，最大可达到200mm-300mm。晶粒尺寸不均匀会大幅度降低多晶粒冷镦变形的协同变形能力，但协同变形能力与异常组织面积占比、材料加工成产品的临界形变量及异常晶粒尺寸等密切相关。In the embodiment of the present application, the normal grain size of medium carbon cold heading steel φ22mm-32mm round steel is at the level of 20μm-30μm, and the single grain size of abnormal organization is in the range of 40mm-300mm, and the maximum can reach 200mm-300mm. Uneven grain size will greatly reduce the cooperative deformation ability of multi-grain cold heading deformation, but the cooperative deformation ability is closely related to the proportion of abnormal organization area, the critical deformation amount of material processing into products, and abnormal grain size.
在本申请实施例中，所述控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的异常晶粒尺寸包括步骤：In an embodiment of the present application, the controlling of the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
控制所述中碳合金冷镦钢的异常组织最大晶粒尺寸小于等于第二预设值。The maximum grain size of the abnormal structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel is controlled to be less than or equal to a second preset value.
在本申请实施例中，所述第二预设值为120μm。In the embodiment of the present application, the second preset value is 120 μm.
在本申请实施例中，如果异常晶粒尺寸大于120μm，则与20μm-30μm正常晶粒在冷变形过程中难以匹配，冷镦开裂的比例大幅度提升。因此，要正常冷镦使用必须控制单晶粒尺寸小于等于120μm。In the embodiment of the present application, if the abnormal grain size is greater than 120 μm, it is difficult to match with the normal grains of 20 μm-30 μm during cold deformation, and the proportion of cold heading cracking increases significantly. Therefore, for normal cold heading use, the single grain size must be controlled to be less than or equal to 120 μm.
在本申请实施例中，所述定量化关系的表达式为：In the embodiment of the present application, the expression of the quantitative relationship is:
其中，D1表示横截面正常晶粒尺寸，D2表示异常晶粒尺寸，A表示量化关系中的异常粗大组织面积百分比,γ表示材料临界形变量。Among them, D1 represents the normal grain size of the cross section, D2 represents the abnormal grain size, A represents the percentage of abnormal coarse structure area in the quantitative relationship, and γ represents the critical deformation of the material.
在本申请实施例中，晶粒尺寸间协同变形能力与异常组织面积占比、材料加工成产品的临界形变量及异常晶粒尺寸等存在量化关系，而表达式可以代表材料多晶粒间协调变形的能力。如果该表达式/>大于9，则材料冷变形临界变形量会小于45％，不能满足用户加工螺栓、螺母等紧固件产品变形量，无法满足下游用户使用。如果该表达式/>则材料可以实现冷镦临界变形量55％以上，满足用户加工产品。In the embodiment of the present application, there is a quantitative relationship between the cooperative deformation ability between grain sizes and the proportion of abnormal tissue area, the critical deformation amount of the material processed into the product and the abnormal grain size, and the expression It can represent the ability of material multi-grain coordination deformation. If the expression/> If it is greater than 9, the critical deformation of the cold deformation of the material will be less than 45%, which cannot meet the deformation requirements of fastener products such as bolts and nuts, and cannot meet the needs of downstream users. The material can achieve a critical cold heading deformation of more than 55%, satisfying the user's product processing needs.
下面以具体实施例对本发明提供的一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法进行详细描述。在本实施例中，控制中碳冷镦钢边部或心部异常粗大组织面积百分比A为2.4％，控制中碳冷镦钢热轧盘卷或圆钢正常晶粒尺寸D1在20μm，异常组织最大晶粒尺寸D2为120μm；多晶粒间协调变形的能力值为7.76。The following is a detailed description of a method for controlling the cold deformation ability of a medium carbon alloy cold heading steel provided by the present invention with a specific embodiment. In this embodiment, the area percentage A of abnormal coarse structure at the edge or core of the medium carbon cold heading steel is controlled to be 2.4%, the normal grain size D1 of the hot rolled coil or round steel of the medium carbon cold heading steel is controlled to be 20μm, and the maximum grain size D2 of the abnormal structure is controlled to be 120μm; the ability of coordinated deformation between multiple grains is controlled to be 120μm; The value is 7.76.
下面将结合实施例、对比例及实验数据对本申请的一种提升中碳及中碳冷镦钢冷变形能力的方法多种实验条件汇总，详细数据见表1。The following will summarize various experimental conditions of a method for improving the cold deformation ability of medium carbon and medium carbon cold heading steel in the present application in combination with embodiments, comparative examples and experimental data. Detailed data are shown in Table 1.
表1Table 1
如图1-6，具体地，图1是本发明实施例中制备得到的中碳合金冷镦钢正常晶粒微观金相组织图，图2是本发明对比例中中碳合金冷镦钢边部异常晶粒微观金相组织图，晶粒尺寸在100-200μm；图3是本发明实施例中碳冷镦钢正常晶粒在冷变形75％的镦头加工后得到的晶粒间协调变形金属流向图；图4是本发明对比例2中中碳钢异常晶粒尺寸在150μm、面积占比8.4％条件下冷镦镦头变形发生开裂现象的示意图；图5是本发明实施例2、3、8、9中碳合金钢异常晶粒尺寸在80-120μm、面积占比最大2.4％条件下得到的1/3冷顶锻模拟镦头变形未发生开裂的示意图；As shown in Figures 1-6, specifically, Figure 1 is a microscopic metallographic structure diagram of normal grains of medium carbon alloy cold heading steel prepared in an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a microscopic metallographic structure diagram of abnormal grains at the edge of medium carbon alloy cold heading steel in a comparative example of the present invention, with a grain size of 100-200 μm; Figure 3 is a metal flow diagram of coordinated deformation between grains of normal grains of carbon cold heading steel in an embodiment of the present invention obtained after cold deformation of 75% of the heading head; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the phenomenon of cracking of cold heading heading deformation under the condition that the abnormal grain size of medium carbon steel in comparative example 2 of the present invention is 150 μm and the area accounts for 8.4%; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of 1/3 cold forging simulated heading deformation without cracking obtained under the condition that the abnormal grain size of medium carbon alloy steel in Examples 2, 3, 8, and 9 of the present invention is 80-120 μm and the area accounts for a maximum of 2.4%;
图6是本发明实施例2中碳合金钢异常单晶粒最大尺寸在120μm且横截面金相试样异常晶粒宏观图。6 is a macroscopic picture of abnormal grains in a cross-section metallographic sample of carbon alloy steel with a maximum size of abnormal single grains of 120 μm in Example 2 of the present invention.
本申请提供的一种中碳合金冷镦钢冷变形能力控制方法解决了现有技术中钢材强度及硬度高、组织不均匀、冷镦头需要退火处理、冷镦头模具损耗大和螺栓开裂率高等问题。The present application provides a method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of medium-carbon alloy cold heading steel, which solves the problems in the prior art such as high steel strength and hardness, uneven structure, need for annealing of cold heading heads, large cold heading head mold loss and high bolt cracking rate.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。以上所述仅是本申请的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所申请的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements. The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. The various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.
总之，以上所述仅为本发明技术方案的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。In short, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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