CN115216606B - Cold deformation capacity control method for medium carbon alloy cold forging steel - Google Patents
Cold deformation capacity control method for medium carbon alloy cold forging steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115216606B CN115216606B CN202210675911.9A CN202210675911A CN115216606B CN 115216606 B CN115216606 B CN 115216606B CN 202210675911 A CN202210675911 A CN 202210675911A CN 115216606 B CN115216606 B CN 115216606B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/02—CAD in a network environment, e.g. collaborative CAD or distributed simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A method for controlling cold deformation capacity of medium carbon alloy cold forging steel, comprising the following steps: controlling the quantization relation of the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel; controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel; controlling the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel; acquiring the quantitative relation among the quantitative relation, the normal grain size of the cross section and the abnormal grain size; and controlling the critical deformation quantity of the material according to the quantitative relation. The method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel solves the problems that in the prior art, steel is high in strength and hardness, uneven in structure, high in cold heading die loss, high in bolt cracking rate and the like, and cold heading heads need annealing treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel rolling, and particularly relates to a cold deformation capacity control method of medium carbon alloy cold heading steel.
Background
The fastener is a mechanical basic part with extremely wide application, and is widely applied to the aspects of automobile industry, electronics, aerospace, military, civilian life and the like. The fastener manufacturing process is hot rolled material drawing and cold upsetting deformation, and compared with other steel grades such as hard wires, flexible wires, welding rods and the like, the fastener manufacturing process is characterized in that a radial upsetting process is added besides an axial wire drawing process in use; the specificity and severity of the quality requirements also lie in the fact that the user uses a 100% inspection of the product. In addition to extremely high surface quality requirements, cold-forging steels also have high cold deformability requirements.
The high-strength bolts of 800Mpa and above grade are manufactured by medium carbon steel or medium carbon alloy steel in the fastener industry, the medium carbon alloy steel has the highest carbon content and alloy content in cold heading steel, the highest deformation difficulty and the most sensitive cold heading cracking, and the common small-specification materials need user annealing treatment and cold heading processing; the large-specification material is used by hot heading, and the deformation performance becomes a key limiting link for limiting the reduction of processing flows such as large-deformation processing of users or annealing-free use and the like and manufacturing of complex high-quality parts.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a cold deformability control method of medium carbon alloy cold forging steel that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for controlling cold deformation capacity of medium carbon alloy cold forging steel, which comprises the following steps:
Controlling the quantization relation of the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel;
controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
controlling the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel;
Acquiring the quantitative relation among the quantitative relation, the normal grain size of the cross section and the abnormal grain size;
and controlling the critical deformation quantity of the material according to the quantitative relation.
Preferably, the quantitative relation of the multiphase structure of the cold forging steel of the medium carbon alloy comprises the following steps:
And controlling the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure at the edge of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel to be smaller than or equal to a first preset value.
Preferably, the quantitative relation of the multiphase structure of the cold forging steel of the medium carbon alloy comprises the following steps:
And controlling the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure of the central part of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be smaller than or equal to a first preset value.
Preferably, the first preset value is 3%.
Preferably, the controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
and controlling the normal grain size of the hot rolled coil of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be in a first preset range.
Preferably, the controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the steps of:
And controlling the normal grain size of the hot rolled round steel of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be in a first preset range.
Preferably, the first preset range is 20 μm to 30 μm.
Preferably, the controlling of the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold-heading steel includes the steps of:
And controlling the maximum grain size of the abnormal structure of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel to be smaller than or equal to a second preset value.
Preferably, the second preset value is 120 μm.
Preferably, the expression of the quantitative relationship is:
Wherein D 1 represents a cross-sectional normal grain size, D 2 represents an abnormal grain size, a represents an abnormal coarse structure area percentage in a quantization relationship, and γ represents a material critical deformation amount.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages: the method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel solves the problems that in the prior art, steel is high in strength and hardness, uneven in structure, high in cold heading die loss, high in bolt cracking rate and the like, and cold heading heads need annealing treatment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of normal grains of a medium carbon alloy cold-heading steel prepared in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of abnormal grains at the edge of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel in the comparative example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a coordinated deformation metal among grains obtained after upsetting a cold deformation of 75% of normal grains of carbon cold-headed steel in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the occurrence of cracking phenomenon in cold heading deformation under the condition that the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon steel in comparative example 2 is 150 μm and the area ratio is 8.4%;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing that the 1/3 cold upsetting simulated upsetting deformation obtained in the embodiment 2,3, 8 and 9 of the invention under the condition that the abnormal grain size of the carbon alloy steel is 80-120 μm and the area ratio is 2.4% at maximum does not crack;
FIG. 6 is a macroscopic view showing abnormal single crystal grains of the carbon alloy steel of example 2 of the present invention, wherein the maximum size of the abnormal single crystal grains is 120. Mu.m, and the cross-sectional metallographic specimen is abnormal crystal grains.
Detailed Description
The advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed description and examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are intended to illustrate the invention, not to limit the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the terms used herein should be understood as meaning as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
In the embodiment of the application, the application provides a method for controlling cold deformation capacity of medium carbon alloy cold forging steel, which comprises the following steps:
Controlling the quantization relation of the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel;
controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
controlling the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel;
Acquiring the quantitative relation among the quantitative relation, the normal grain size of the cross section and the abnormal grain size;
and controlling the critical deformation quantity of the material according to the quantitative relation.
In the embodiment of the application, the quantitative relation of the multiphase structure of the cold forging steel of the medium carbon alloy comprises the following steps:
And controlling the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure at the edge of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel to be smaller than or equal to a first preset value.
In the embodiment of the application, the quantitative relation of the multiphase structure of the cold forging steel of the medium carbon alloy comprises the following steps:
And controlling the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure of the central part of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be smaller than or equal to a first preset value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first preset value is 3%.
In the embodiment of the application, the cold forging steel has the greatest deformation difficulty, and the cold forging cracking is the most sensitive medium carbon steel and medium carbon alloy steel, so that the uniformity of the grain size of the medium carbon cold forging steel and the coordination and matching of multiple grains of cold forging deformation are directly related to the cold deformation capability of the material. In the continuous hot rolling process, it is difficult to achieve complete homogenization of grain size, and there is a quantitative relationship between the homogenization of grain size and the critical deformation of the material. If the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure of the side part or the core part of the medium carbon cold forging steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 3%, the cold forging deformation can reach the critical allowable critical deformation of the material; if the area percentage of the coarse tissues is more than 3%, the critical deformation amount of cold heading deformation of the material can be greatly reduced, and the cold heading cracking rate can be greatly improved.
In the embodiment of the application, the control of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the following steps:
and controlling the normal grain size of the hot rolled coil of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be in a first preset range.
In the embodiment of the application, the control of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the following steps:
And controlling the normal grain size of the hot rolled round steel of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be in a first preset range.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first preset range is 20 μm-30 μm.
In the embodiment of the application, the normal grain size of the medium carbon cold forging steel phi 22-32 mm round steel is 20-30 mu m, the abnormal structure single grain size is 40-300 mm, and the maximum size can reach 200-300 mm. The uneven grain size can greatly reduce the cooperative deformability of cold upsetting deformation of the multi-grain, but the cooperative deformability is closely related to the area occupation ratio of abnormal tissues, the critical deformation quantity of a product processed by materials, the abnormal grain size and the like.
In the embodiment of the application, the controlling of the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold-heading steel comprises the following steps:
And controlling the maximum grain size of the abnormal structure of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel to be smaller than or equal to a second preset value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the second preset value is 120 μm.
In the embodiment of the application, if the abnormal grain size is larger than 120 mu m, the abnormal grain size is difficult to match with the normal grain of 20 mu m-30 mu m in the cold deformation process, and the proportion of cold heading cracking is greatly improved. Therefore, the single die size must be controlled to 120 μm or less for normal cold heading use.
In the embodiment of the application, the expression of the quantification relation is:
Wherein D 1 represents a cross-sectional normal grain size, D 2 represents an abnormal grain size, a represents an abnormal coarse structure area percentage in a quantization relationship, and γ represents a material critical deformation amount.
In the embodiment of the application, the cooperative deformability among grain sizes has quantitative relation with the area ratio of abnormal tissues, the critical deformation quantity of the processed material into a product, the abnormal grain size and the like, and the expression is thatMay represent the ability of the material to coordinate deformation between the grains. If the expression/>If the deformation amount is more than 9, the critical deformation amount of the cold deformation of the material is less than 45%, the deformation amount of the fastener products such as bolts and nuts processed by users cannot be met, and the downstream users cannot be met. If the expression/>The material can realize the cold heading critical deformation of more than 55 percent, and meets the requirement of a user for processing products.
The method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel provided by the invention is described in detail by using specific embodiments. In the embodiment, the area percentage A of the abnormal coarse structure of the side part or the core part of the medium carbon cold forging steel is controlled to be 2.4 percent, the normal grain size D1 of the hot rolled coil or round steel of the medium carbon cold forging steel is controlled to be 20 mu m, and the maximum grain size D2 of the abnormal structure is controlled to be 120 mu m; ability to coordinate deformation between polycrystalline grainsThe value was 7.76.
Various experimental conditions of a method for improving cold deformation capacity of medium carbon and medium carbon cold forging steel according to the present application are summarized in the following manner by combining examples, comparative examples and experimental data, and detailed data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
1-6, Specifically, FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of normal grains of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel prepared in the embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of abnormal grains at the edge of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel in the comparative example of the invention, wherein the grain size is 100-200 μm; FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a coordinated deformation metal among grains obtained after upsetting a cold deformation of 75% of normal grains of carbon cold-headed steel in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the occurrence of cracking phenomenon in cold heading deformation under the condition that the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon steel in comparative example 2 is 150 μm and the area ratio is 8.4%; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing that the 1/3 cold upsetting simulated upsetting deformation obtained in the embodiment 2,3, 8 and 9 of the invention under the condition that the abnormal grain size of the carbon alloy steel is 80-120 μm and the area ratio is 2.4% at maximum does not crack;
FIG. 6 is a macroscopic view showing abnormal single crystal grains of the carbon alloy steel of example 2 of the present invention, wherein the maximum size of the abnormal single crystal grains is 120. Mu.m, and the cross-sectional metallographic specimen is abnormal crystal grains.
The method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel solves the problems that in the prior art, steel is high in strength and hardness, uneven in structure, high in cold heading die loss, high in bolt cracking rate and the like, and cold heading heads need annealing treatment.
It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the application to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
In summary, the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for controlling the cold deformation capacity of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Controlling the quantization relation of the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel;
controlling the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel;
controlling the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel;
Acquiring the quantitative relation among the quantitative relation, the normal grain size of the cross section and the abnormal grain size;
Controlling critical deformation of the material according to the quantitative relation;
the quantitative relation of the multiphase structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the following steps:
Controlling the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure at the edge of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel to be less than or equal to 3 percent or controlling the area percentage of the abnormal coarse structure at the center of the medium carbon alloy cold forging steel to be less than or equal to 3 percent;
The control of the normal grain size of the cross section of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the following steps:
controlling the normal grain size of the hot rolled coil of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be 20-30 mu m or controlling the normal grain size of the hot rolled round steel of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be 20-30 mu m;
the control of the abnormal grain size of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel comprises the following steps:
controlling the maximum grain size of the abnormal structure of the medium carbon alloy cold heading steel to be less than or equal to 120 mu m;
The expression of the quantification relation is as follows:
Wherein D 1 represents a cross-sectional normal grain size, D 2 represents an abnormal grain size, a represents an abnormal coarse structure area percentage in a quantization relationship, and γ represents a material critical deformation amount.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002194495A (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Hot rolled steel wire rod for cold heating and method for producing cold heading article using the same |
| CN102719641A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-10 | 首钢总公司 | Method for reducing symmetrical open-grained structures of edges of low-carbon cold heading steel wire rods |
| CN104759469A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-08 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | Production method for non-annealed medium carbon cold heading steel hot-rolled wire rod |
| CN110923545A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-27 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | High-weather-resistance cold forging steel for 12.9-grade fastener and production method thereof |
| CN111424218A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Production method of annealing-free medium carbon alloy cold heading steel |
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- 2022-06-15 CN CN202210675911.9A patent/CN115216606B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002194495A (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Hot rolled steel wire rod for cold heating and method for producing cold heading article using the same |
| CN102719641A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-10 | 首钢总公司 | Method for reducing symmetrical open-grained structures of edges of low-carbon cold heading steel wire rods |
| CN104759469A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-08 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | Production method for non-annealed medium carbon cold heading steel hot-rolled wire rod |
| CN110923545A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-27 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | High-weather-resistance cold forging steel for 12.9-grade fastener and production method thereof |
| CN111424218A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Production method of annealing-free medium carbon alloy cold heading steel |
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