CN108913959B - Plastic processing method for improving iron-rich phase form in aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Plastic processing method for improving iron-rich phase form in aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108913959B CN108913959B CN201810756580.5A CN201810756580A CN108913959B CN 108913959 B CN108913959 B CN 108913959B CN 201810756580 A CN201810756580 A CN 201810756580A CN 108913959 B CN108913959 B CN 108913959B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a plastic processing method for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy modification. A plastic working method for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: and (3) extruding the aluminum alloy round bar subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, cutting the extruded product or blank into sections, performing high-temperature heat treatment, and then performing quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment. The method has controllable process and simple operation, and can well improve the form of the iron-rich phase. The plastic processing method for improving the form of the iron-rich phase in the aluminum alloy has the advantages of uniform distribution of the iron-rich phase, fine particles and high sphericity. Thereby improving the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy and greatly reducing the harm of iron-rich relative plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy modification, in particular to a plastic processing method for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy.
Background
Fe is one of the most harmful impurity elements in aluminum and aluminum alloy, and because the solubility of Fe in aluminum melt and aluminum solid is nearly 50 times different, Fe in aluminum and aluminum alloy almost exists in the form of iron-rich phase. Compared with an aluminum matrix, the iron-rich phase has the characteristics of high hardness, high brittleness and the like, and is easy to crack in the iron-rich phase when a member is stressed, so that the iron-rich phase becomes a source of member fracture and failure, and the plasticity and the service life of the member are greatly damaged. In addition, the presence of the coarse and needle-like iron-rich phase hinders the flow of the eutectic molten metal, and becomes an important substrate for formation of pores and shrinkage porosity, and both the length dimension and the pore area fraction linearly increase with the increase in Fe content, further deteriorating the performance of the member.
At present, improving the form of the iron-rich phase is the most common means for alleviating the harm. There are two types of common methods available. One is to change the morphological characteristics of the iron-rich phase by changing its crystal structure, and the other is to change the growth rate of the iron-rich phase to improve its morphology. Both methods belong to the field of fusion casting, and have a plurality of related influence factors and obvious difference of influence mechanisms and degrees, so that the problems of segregation and morphological diversity of an iron-rich phase cannot be well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plastic processing method for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy, which has the advantages of controllable process and simple and convenient operation, and can well improve the form of the iron-rich phase.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a plastic processing method for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) extruding the aluminum alloy round bar subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, cutting the extruded product or blank into sections, then carrying out heat treatment, and then carrying out quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention carries out large plastic deformation processing on the thick and needle-shaped iron-rich phase by a plastic processing method, and in the extrusion process, the thick and needle-shaped iron-rich phase is easy to generate stress concentration and bend and break under the comprehensive action of huge axial stress and shearing stress, and simultaneously, the iron-rich phases which are mutually overlapped or connected are also crushed by mutual collision in extrusion, thereby obtaining the uniformly distributed iron-rich phase with fine particles. And then carrying out high-temperature heat preservation treatment for a long time to promote passivation and granulation of the iron-rich phase, further improve the form of the iron-rich phase, and prepare the uniformly distributed iron-rich phase with fine particles and high sphericity, wherein the average particle size of the iron-rich phase is not more than 5 mu m, and the sphericity is not less than 0.75. Thereby improving the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy and greatly reducing the harm of iron-rich relative plasticity. The method can be used for preparing high-performance aluminum alloy components, and avoids the problem that common aluminum alloy is easy to crack in an iron-rich phase when stressed, so that the plasticity of the components is damaged and the service life of the components is prolonged. The method is suitable for modifying the acicular iron-rich phase aluminum alloy material with overproof iron content or a large amount of acicular iron-rich phase aluminum alloy material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of an iron-rich phase provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following describes a plastic working method for improving the morphology of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The plastic processing method for improving the iron-rich phase form in the aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and casting the aluminum alloy material into an aluminum alloy cylindrical ingot by a semi-continuous casting method. In the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of 110-550 mm. This structure contributes to smooth progress of the extrusion process. The invention selects A356 aluminum alloy with iron content of 1.2 wt.% and 6061 aluminum alloy with iron content of 0.7 wt.%, and the specific components are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 composition of aluminum alloy (wt.%)
| Numbering | Si | Fe | Mg | Mn | Cr | Ti | Cu | B | Zn | Others | Al |
| 1# | 6.91 | 1.19 | 0.32 | 0.021 | 0.013 | 0.003 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 91.449 |
| 2# | 0.53 | 0.72 | 0.62 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.001 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 97.219 |
And (3) after obtaining the cylindrical ingot, turning the surface of the cylindrical ingot into a round bar with the length of 400-600 mm, and carrying out homogenization heat treatment. The homogenization heat treatment in the embodiment of the present invention is a general technique in the technical field, and the specific treatment steps and treatment parameters may be adjusted as needed, which is not limited in the present invention.
And after the homogenization heat treatment is finished, putting the aluminum alloy round bar into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion processing. The extrusion ratio is 10-100, and a product or a blank with a certain shape is prepared after extrusion.
In the extrusion process, under the comprehensive action of huge axial stress and shearing stress, the thick and needle-shaped iron-rich phases are easy to generate stress concentration to bend and break, and meanwhile, the overlapped or connected iron-rich phases are also crushed by mutual collision in the extrusion process, so that the uniformly distributed iron-rich phases with fine particles are obtained.
After extrusion processing, the extruded product or the blank is cut off and put into a heat treatment furnace, and heat preservation is carried out for 6-50 hours at the temperature of 520-560 ℃. Generally, the iron-rich phase has good high temperature stability, but after extrusion, the morphology of the iron-rich phase changes from long acicular to short rod-like iron-rich phase with sharp corner features, and the sharp corner becomes a high-energy micro-region. During the heat treatment process, elements such as Fe, Si and the like in the iron-rich phase in the area are migrated, so that the granulation and passivation of the iron-rich phase are promoted, the spherical or nearly spherical iron-rich phase with high sphericity is formed, the structural uniformity of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved, and the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy are improved.
After the heat treatment is finished, quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment are carried out, and the iron-rich phase is obtained. Quenching, aging, machining and surface treatment in the embodiment of the invention are all general treatment methods in the technical field, the specific process steps are set according to actual needs, and the invention does not limit the process steps.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase which is mainly prepared by the following plastic processing method for improving the form of the iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy:
the No. 1 aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of 110mm by a semi-continuous casting method. The surface of the cylindrical ingot is turned into a skin, cut into round bars with the length of 450mm, and subjected to homogenization heat treatment.
After the homogenization heat treatment is finished, putting the mixture into an extrusion barrel for extrusion processing, wherein the extrusion ratio is 60, and preparing a product or a blank with a certain shape.
Cutting the extruded product or blank, putting the cut extruded product or blank into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 530 ℃, and preserving heat for 50 hours.
After the solution treatment is finished, quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the spherical and granular aluminum alloy product or blank with evenly distributed iron-rich phase and small size.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase which is mainly prepared by the following plastic processing method for improving the form of the iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy:
the No. 1 aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of 330mm by a semi-continuous casting method. The surface of the cylindrical ingot is turned into a skin, cut into round bars with the length of 550mm, and subjected to homogenization heat treatment.
After the homogenization heat treatment is finished, putting the mixture into an extrusion cylinder for extrusion processing, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10, and preparing a product or a blank with a certain shape.
Cutting the extruded product or blank, putting the cut extruded product or blank into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 550 ℃, and preserving heat for 6 hours.
After the solution treatment is finished, quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the spherical and granular aluminum alloy product or blank with evenly distributed iron-rich phase and small size.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase which is mainly prepared by the following plastic processing method for improving the form of the iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy:
the 2# aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of 550mm by a semi-continuous casting method. The surface of the cylindrical ingot is turned into a skin, cut into round rods with the length of 600mm, and subjected to homogenization heat treatment.
After the homogenization heat treatment is finished, putting the mixture into an extrusion barrel for extrusion processing, wherein the extrusion ratio is 100, and preparing a product or a blank with a certain shape.
Cutting the extruded product or blank, putting the cut extruded product or blank into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 540 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 hours.
After the solution treatment is finished, quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the spherical and granular aluminum alloy product or blank with evenly distributed iron-rich phase and small size.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase which is mainly prepared by the following plastic processing method for improving the form of the iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy:
the 2# aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of 230mm by a semi-continuous casting method. The surface of the cylindrical ingot is turned into a skin, cut into round bars with the length of 500mm, and subjected to homogenization heat treatment.
After the homogenization heat treatment is finished, putting the mixture into an extrusion barrel for extrusion processing, wherein the extrusion ratio is 80, and preparing a product or a blank with a certain shape.
Cutting the extruded product or blank, putting the cut extruded product or blank into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 520 ℃, and preserving heat for 25 hours.
After the solution treatment is finished, quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the spherical and granular aluminum alloy product or blank with evenly distributed iron-rich phase and small size.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an iron-rich phase which is mainly prepared by the following plastic processing method for improving the form of the iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy:
the 2# aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot with the diameter of 110mm by a semi-continuous casting method. The surface of the cylindrical ingot is turned into a skin, cut into round bars with the length of 450mm, and subjected to homogenization heat treatment.
After the homogenization heat treatment is finished, putting the mixture into an extrusion barrel for extrusion processing, wherein the extrusion ratio is 60, and preparing a product or a blank with a certain shape.
Cutting the extruded product or blank, putting the cut extruded product or blank into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 530 ℃, and preserving heat for 50 hours.
After the solution treatment is finished, quenching, aging, processing and surface treatment are carried out to obtain the spherical and granular aluminum alloy product or blank with evenly distributed iron-rich phase and small size.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides the iron-rich phase of example 1 without plastic working.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides the iron-rich phase of example 2 without plastic working.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides the iron-rich phase of example 3 without plastic working.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides the iron-rich phase of example 4 without plastic working.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example provides the iron-rich phase of example 5 without plastic working.
Selecting the iron-rich phases provided in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5, and performing morphology detection on the iron-rich phases respectively, wherein the results are as follows:
TABLE 2 statistical table of morphological characteristics of iron-rich phase
As is clear from Table 2, in examples 1 to 5, the average length of the iron-rich phase after extrusion was reduced by at least 66% and the roundness was increased by at least 400% as compared with comparative examples 1 to 5. Among them, the plastic working effect of the a356 aluminum alloy having 0.9 wt.% of iron content No. 1 is better. The average length of the iron-rich phase is reduced by at least 83 percent, and the roundness is increased by at least 640 percent. The plastic working methods for improving the iron-rich phase morphology in the aluminum alloys provided in examples 1 to 5 are significantly improved. Wherein the average particle size of the iron-rich phase provided in examples 1 to 5 is not more than 5 μm, and the sphericity is not less than 0.75. It is demonstrated that the iron-rich phase with small size and high sphericity can be obtained by the plastic working method for improving the morphology of the iron-rich phase in the aluminum alloy provided in examples 1 to 5.
The microscopic morphology analysis of the iron-rich phase obtained in example 1 is shown in the figure. As can be seen from fig. 1, the iron-rich phase obtained in example 1 was uniformly distributed, fine in size, and high in sphericity.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A plastic working method for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in an aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (2) extruding the aluminum alloy round bar subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, wherein the extrusion ratio is 10-100, cutting the extruded product or blank into sections, preserving the heat for 6-50 hours at 520-560 ℃ for heat treatment, and then quenching, aging, processing and surface treating to obtain the iron-rich phase with the average grain diameter not more than 5 mu m and the sphericity not less than 0.75.
2. The plastic working method for improving the morphology of iron-rich phases in aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the aluminum alloy round bar comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy material is cast into a cylindrical ingot by a semi-continuous casting method and then cut into round bars.
3. The plastic working method for improving the morphology of iron-rich phases in aluminum alloys according to claim 2, characterized in that before cutting said cylindrical ingot into round bars, it further comprises subjecting said cylindrical ingot to surface turning.
4. The plastic working method for improving the morphology of iron-rich phases in aluminum alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the cylindrical ingot is 110 to 550 mm.
5. The plastic working method for improving the morphology of iron-rich phases in aluminum alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that the length of the aluminum alloy round bar is 400-600 mm.
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| CN114686787B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-02-03 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | 6061 aluminum alloy containing granular iron-rich phase, preparation method thereof and gas distribution plate |
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