CN115201901A - Method, device and equipment for determining tunnel wave front travel time and readable storage medium - Google Patents
Method, device and equipment for determining tunnel wave front travel time and readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and equipment for determining tunnel wave front travel time and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of obtaining parameters related to the tunnel; determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameters; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel; carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel; determining a wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model. By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel of the calculation area is modeled according to the acquired tunnel related parameters to obtain the first model; then, the second model is obtained by carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model; and finally, accurately calculating the wave front travel time in the tunnel according to the first model and the second model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel seismic reflection waves, in particular to a method, a device and equipment for determining tunnel wave front travel time and a readable storage medium.
Background
The processing of the seismic reflection wave method advanced geological forecast data in the related technology comprises the procedures of preprocessing, velocity analysis, travel time calculation, migration imaging and the like, wherein the travel time calculation is one of important steps and is related to the accuracy of a final migration imaging result. The travel time calculation mainly comprises direct travel time calculation and curve travel time calculation. In the related art, most of processing software adopts a straight line to carry out travel time calculation, namely, a path for transmitting seismic waves from a shot point to a receiving point is approximated to a straight line, so that the calculation difficulty is simplified; a small part adopts a curve travel time calculation method, namely, possible paths of seismic wave propagation are calculated and compared, and a shortest path is selected for calculation. The seismic waves are diffused in the medium according to the Huygens principle, and the actual propagation path is complex. In actual work, the error of the two-dimensional seismic reflection wave method is relatively controllable by adopting approximate calculation, and for advanced geological prediction by adopting the three-dimensional seismic reflection wave method, the seismic wave propagation path per se is more complicated, and the error of the approximate calculation is larger, so that the final prediction result is influenced.
Problem of three-dimensional modeling: the Tunnel profiles implemented by advanced geological prediction are different, most Tunnel profiles constructed by an ore blasting method are horseshoe-shaped, tunnel construction Tunnels (TBM) are mostly circular, and the Tunnel profiles are different. The three-dimensional seismic reflection wave method is generally arranged in a three-dimensional space in advance of a geological forecast observation mode, and the path of seismic wave propagation is quite complex. Therefore, an actual three-dimensional tunnel model is constructed in an abstract mode for a calculation area according to tunnel profiles of different types and different observation modes, and accordingly a three-dimensional speed model is constructed.
Problem of travel time calculation: the conventional travel time is calculated by dividing the distance by the speed. The three-dimensional tunnel model space seismic wave propagation actual path is complex, the seismic wave is excited in the tunnel, the seismic wave can reach a receiving point along the shortest path according to the Huygens principle, and the distance propagated along the actual path is difficult to accurately obtain. A feasible travel time calculation method needs to be found, the influence of a tunnel cavity is considered, the actual situation of seismic wave propagation is matched, and three-dimensional high-precision travel time calculation of a seismic reflection wave method is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, a device and a readable storage medium for determining a tunnel wave front travel time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining tunnel wave front travel time, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring parameters related to the tunnel;
determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameters; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel;
carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel;
determining a wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model.
In the above aspect, the method further includes:
and processing the rear part of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on a first preset mode to obtain a first speed of the square wave at the rear part of the tunnel face.
In the foregoing scheme, the performing wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel includes:
determining a second speed of the square wave in front of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on the first speed;
and determining a second model corresponding to the tunnel based on the preset wave speed of the tunnel face rear square wave, the first speed and the second speed.
In the above solution, the determining, based on the parameter, the first model corresponding to the tunnel includes:
and determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the direction information of the tunnel and the parameters.
In the above solution, the parameters include at least a first reference point parameter and a second reference point parameter; the method further comprises the following steps:
determining the direction information based on the first reference point parameter and the second reference point parameter.
In the foregoing solution, the determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameter includes:
and determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on a preset space range and the parameters.
In the above scheme, the parameters at least include a transmitting point parameter and a receiving point parameter; the method further comprises the following steps:
and processing the transmitting point parameters and the receiving point parameters based on a second preset mode to determine the preset space range.
In the foregoing solution, after determining the wave front travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model, the method further includes:
and presetting the wave front travel time to obtain a processing result, wherein the processing result is used for carrying out offset imaging.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time, including:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain a parameter related to the tunnel;
a first determining module, configured to determine, based on the parameter, a first model corresponding to the tunnel; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel;
the first processing module is used for carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel;
and the second determining module is used for determining the wave front travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining a tunnel wave front travel time, which includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and the processor implements any step of the above method when executing the program.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any step of the above method.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and equipment for determining tunnel wave front travel time and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of obtaining parameters related to the tunnel; determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameters; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel; carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel; determining a wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model. By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel of the calculation area is modeled according to the acquired tunnel related parameters to obtain the first model; then, the second model is obtained by carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model; and finally, accurately calculating the wave front travel time in the tunnel according to the first model and the second model.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an implementation of a method for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a working flow of a method for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first model in the method for determining tunnel wavefront travel time according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating determination of wavefront travel time in the method for determining tunnel wavefront travel time according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of slicing the wave front travel time in the tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a component of a determining apparatus for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic hardware physical structure diagram of a determining apparatus for determining tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following describes specific technical solutions of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Advanced Geological Prediction (Geological Prediction/exploration), a Geological survey method for analyzing and predicting engineering geology, hydrogeology and unfavorable geologic body conditions in front of a tunnel face by adopting geology, geophysical Prospecting and other exploration means in the tunnel construction process. Common methods in the related art include a geological sketch method, an advanced drilling method, an advanced pit-guiding method and a geophysical prospecting method, wherein the geophysical prospecting method is a main means for advanced geological prediction, and specifically includes a geological radar method, an earthquake reflection wave method, a transient electromagnetic method and the like, and all the methods need to acquire data on a tunnel face or around a tunnel in a certain observation mode and then analyze the data to achieve the purpose of advanced geological prediction.
The three-dimensional seismic reflection method (3D seismic reflection method) is the most important detection method for tunnel advanced geological prediction, has the characteristics of long detection distance, good spatial property and good prediction effect, and plays an important role in tunnel construction. The sensors are arranged on the periphery or the face of the tunnel, earthquake waves are excited in a hammering or blasting mode, the earthquake waves are transmitted to the front of the face and reflected back when encountering unfavorable geologic bodies and are received by the sensors behind the face, and the unfavorable geology in the front of the face can be accurately positioned through data processing and interpretation, so that the aim of guiding tunnel construction is fulfilled.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining tunnel wave front travel time, which is applied to a device for determining tunnel wave front travel time.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation of a method for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 101: acquiring parameters related to the tunnel;
step 102: determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameters; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel;
step 103: carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel;
step 104: determining a wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model.
In step 101, the determination process of the tunnel wave front travel time may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the tunnel wave front travel time determination process may be a leading geology forecast accurate travel time calculation based on seismic reflections from the actual tunnel space.
The parameters related to the tunnel may be determined according to actual conditions, and are not limited herein, and different tunnels and construction processes are possible, and the parameters related to the tunnel are different. As an example, the parameter related to the tunnel at least includes data related to the tunnel, and may also be coordinates of a related point of the tunnel, and the data related to the tunnel may be hole diameter data of the tunnel, sidewall data of the tunnel, and the like; the coordinates of the relevant point of the tunnel may be first reference point coordinates, second reference point coordinates, transmission point coordinates, reception point coordinates, and the like.
The acquisition process of the parameters related to the tunnel may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited herein. As an example, the acquiring process may be to perform field measurement on the tunnel by using a measuring device to obtain a parameter related to the tunnel.
As an example, in the process of acquiring the data related to the tunnel, a first measurement device may be used to measure the data related to the tunnel, so as to obtain the hole diameter data of the tunnel and the sidewall data of the tunnel. Wherein the first measurement device may be any device capable of measuring data related to the tunnel.
As an example, in the process of acquiring the coordinates of the relevant point of the tunnel, a second measuring device may be used to measure the absolute coordinates, i.e., geodetic coordinates, of the relevant point of the tunnel; the first relevant point of the tunnel may also be used as an origin, and based on the origin, the relative coordinates of relevant points other than the first relevant point of the tunnel may be measured using a second measuring device. The first measuring device can be any device capable of measuring the coordinates of the relevant point of the tunnel; the first relevant point of the tunnel may be any one of the relevant points of the tunnel.
In step 102, the first model corresponding to the tunnel may be determined according to an actual situation, which is not limited herein. As an example, the first model corresponding to the tunnel at least includes a shape feature of the tunnel, a face position of the tunnel, a direction of the tunnel, and a spatial range in which the tunnel is located.
Determining the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameter may be performed according to an actual situation, which is not limited herein. As an example, the shape feature of the tunnel corresponding to the tunnel is determined based on the data related to the tunnel; and determining the position of the tunnel face of the tunnel, the direction of the tunnel and the space range of the tunnel based on the coordinates of the relevant points of the tunnel. For example, the shape feature of the tunnel corresponding to the tunnel is determined based on the hole diameter data of the tunnel and the side wall data of the tunnel.
In step 103, the attribute of the second model representing the velocity of the wave front in the tunnel may be determined according to actual conditions, which is not limited herein. As an example, the tunnel mid-wave front velocity property may include a wave front velocity property in front of the tunnel mid-palm face, a wave front velocity property within a tunnel hole behind the tunnel mid-palm face, and a wave front velocity property of tunnel surrounding rock behind the tunnel mid-palm face.
In step 104, the process of determining the wave front travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model may be determined according to actual conditions, which is not limited herein. As an example, the determination process may be to calculate the wave front travel time in the tunnel by introducing a fast marching method according to the huygens principle.
The huygens principle means that each point (surface source) on a spherical wave surface is a wavelet source of a secondary spherical wave, the wave velocity and frequency of the wavelet are equal to the wave velocity and frequency of a primary wave, and the envelope of the wavelet wave surface of each moment is the wave surface of the total fluctuation at the moment, and the core idea is as follows: the state of the wave at any point in the medium is determined by the wave at each point.
The fast marching method uses narrow band spreading technology to approximate simulation wave front spreading, rebuilds travel time wave front, uses heap selection and arrangement technology to store travel time, puts the minimum travel time on the top of the heap, the key is selecting test point in the narrow band, and calculates the travel time, if the minimum travel time value is existed, the test point is moved into the upwind area, and the node is moved into the narrow band from the downwind area, and calculates again, and the steps are circulated until the completion.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and equipment for determining tunnel wave front travel time and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of obtaining parameters related to the tunnel; determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameters; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel; carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel; determining a wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model. By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the tunnel of the calculation area is modeled according to the acquired tunnel related parameters to obtain the first model; then, the second model is obtained by carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model; and finally, accurately calculating the wave front travel time in the tunnel according to the first model and the second model.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
and processing the rear part of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on a first preset mode to obtain a first speed of the square wave at the rear part of the tunnel face.
In this embodiment, the first speed of the wave behind the tunnel face may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the first velocity of the face-back square wave may be a wave front velocity of tunnel surrounding rock behind the face in the tunnel, and the wave front velocity of the tunnel surrounding rock behind the face in the tunnel may be a direct wave velocity of the tunnel surrounding rock behind the face in the tunnel.
The first preset mode may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the first preset mode may be an earthquake direct wave method, and may be that survey lines are arranged in a linear arrangement on a tunnel side wall, time of receiving the direct wave by each survey line is picked up, and a straight line of a distance and time of the direct wave is drawn, where a slope of the straight line is a direct wave velocity of the tunnel surrounding rock of the square wave behind the tunnel face.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the performing the wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel includes:
determining a second speed of the square wave in front of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on the first speed;
and determining a second model corresponding to the tunnel based on the preset wave speed of the square wave behind the tunnel face, the first speed and the second speed.
In this embodiment, the second speed of the square wave in front of the tunnel in the tunnel may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the second speed of the square wave in front of the tunnel palm surface may be a wave front speed in front of the tunnel palm surface, and the wave front speed in front of the tunnel palm surface may be a wave front speed of an unexcavated tunnel in front of the tunnel palm surface.
The determining of the second speed of the square wave in front of the palm in the tunnel based on the first speed may be processing the first speed based on a third preset mode to obtain the second speed of the square wave in front of the palm in the tunnel.
The third preset mode may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the third preset manner may be a velocity analysis method based on energy superposition. Under a given scanning speed, each point in the tunnel detection space range corresponds to a diffraction hyperbola on the seismic record. The tunnel detection space range is discretized by utilizing the characteristic, and each discretized grid point is assumed to be a diffraction point. And determining the first speed as an initial scanning speed, increasing the initial scanning speed according to a preset numerical value to obtain a plurality of different scanning speeds, and calculating average amplitude energy or average amplitude of the different scanning speeds along corresponding diffraction hyperbolas by using a superposition type criterion. When the scanning speed is the second speed, the average amplitude energy or amplitude will take the extreme value. When the diffraction point does not exist actually, the same-phase axis of the diffraction hyperbola does not exist on the seismic record, the amplitude values (size and positive and negative) corresponding to the seismic record are random values due to different diffraction hyperbolas, and the average amplitude after diffraction superposition approaches zero; when the diffraction point actually exists, the corresponding hyperbolas pass through the same in-phase axis, the average amplitude after diffraction superposition has an extreme value (maximum value or minimum value), and the corresponding scanning speed is the second speed.
The preset wave speed of the square wave at the back of the tunnel face can be determined according to the actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the preset wave velocity of the wave behind the tunnel face may be a wave front velocity in a tunnel hole behind the tunnel face in the tunnel, and the wave front velocity in the tunnel hole behind the tunnel face in the tunnel may be a velocity of the seismic wave in the air of 340m/s.
The second model corresponding to the tunnel is determined based on the preset wave velocity of the wave at the back of the tunnel face, the first velocity and the second velocity, and a three-dimensional velocity body of the whole model is constructed based on the wave front velocity in the tunnel hole at the back of the tunnel face in the tunnel, the wave front velocity of the tunnel surrounding rock at the back of the tunnel face in the tunnel and the wave front velocity of the tunnel which is not excavated at the front of the tunnel face in the tunnel, so that the second model corresponding to the tunnel is determined.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the determining, based on the parameter, a first model corresponding to the tunnel includes:
and determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the direction information of the tunnel and the parameters.
In this embodiment, the direction information of the tunnel may be used to represent the direction of the tunnel. The direction information of the tunnel may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited herein. As an example, the direction information of the tunnel may be a heading direction of the tunnel, a direction horizontally perpendicular to the heading direction, and a direction vertically perpendicular to the heading direction.
The determining of the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the direction information and the parameter of the tunnel may be determining the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on a tunneling direction of the tunnel, the direction horizontally perpendicular to the tunneling direction, the direction vertically perpendicular to the tunneling direction, and the parameter.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the parameters comprise at least a first reference point parameter and a second reference point parameter; the method further comprises the following steps:
determining the direction information based on the first and second reference point parameters.
In this embodiment, the first reference point parameter and the second reference point parameter may be determined according to an actual situation, and are not limited herein. As an example, the first fiducial parameter may be a first fiducial coordinate; the second fiducial parameter may be a second fiducial coordinate.
The determination process of the direction information may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited herein. As an example, the direction information may be determined from a direction vector. The determining the direction information based on the first reference point parameter and the second reference point parameter may be determining a first direction vector based on the first reference point coordinate and the second reference point coordinate, with the first reference point coordinate as an origin of the first model; determining a first direction based on the first direction vector, wherein the first direction represents the tunneling direction of the tunnel; determining a direction which is horizontal and vertical to the first direction vector to obtain a second direction, wherein the second direction represents a direction which is horizontal and vertical to the tunneling direction; determining a direction vertical to the first direction vector to obtain a third direction, wherein the third direction represents the direction vertical to the tunneling direction; determining the direction information based on the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction.
In some embodiments, after determining the direction information based on the first reference point parameter and the second reference point parameter, the first reference point coordinates are taken as an origin of the first model, and the measured emission point coordinates are converted into model coordinates taking the first reference point coordinates as the origin of the first model through vector relation coordinate conversion.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the determining, based on the parameter, a first model corresponding to the tunnel includes:
and determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on a preset space range and the parameters.
In this embodiment, the preset spatial range may be used to represent a spatial range in which the tunnel is located. The preset spatial range may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited herein. As an example, the preset spatial range may include a length distance, a width distance, and a height distance of the spatial range in which the tunnel is located, where the length distance of the spatial range in which the tunnel is located may be a sum of a distance in front of the tunnel mid-palm surface and a distance in back of the tunnel mid-palm surface.
The determining of the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the preset space range and the parameter may be determining the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on a length distance, the width distance, the height distance and the parameter of the space range in which the tunnel is located.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the parameters comprise at least a transmission point parameter and a reception point parameter; the method further comprises the following steps:
and processing the transmitting point parameters and the receiving point parameters based on a second preset mode to determine the preset space range.
In this embodiment, the transmitting point parameter and the receiving point parameter may be determined according to an actual situation, and are not limited herein. As an example, the launch point parameter may be launch point coordinates; the receiving point parameter may be a receiving point coordinate.
The second preset mode may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the second preset manner may be to determine the distance behind the tunnel face in the tunnel according to the positions of the transmitting point parameter and the receiving point parameter.
The determination process of the preset spatial range may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited herein. As an example, the preset spatial range may be determined according to locations of the transmission point parameter and the reception point parameter. The transmitting point parameter and the receiving point parameter are processed based on a second preset mode, and the preset space range can be determined, so that the distance behind the tunnel face in the tunnel is determined according to the positions of the transmitting point parameter and the receiving point parameter; determining the front distance of the palm surface in the tunnel based on a first preset threshold value; determining a first distance based on the sum of the front distance of the tunnel middle palm surface and the rear distance of the tunnel middle palm surface, wherein the first distance represents the length distance of the space range where the tunnel is located; determining a second distance based on a second preset threshold, wherein the second distance represents the width distance of the space range where the tunnel is located; determining a third distance based on a third preset threshold, wherein the third distance represents the height distance of the space range where the tunnel is located; determining the preset spatial range based on the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance. The first preset threshold, the second preset threshold, and the third preset threshold may be determined according to empirical values, may be the same or different, and are not limited herein.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, after determining the wave front travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model, the method further comprises:
and presetting the wave front travel time to obtain a processing result, wherein the processing result is used for carrying out offset imaging.
In this embodiment, the preset process may be determined according to an actual situation, and is not limited herein. As an example, the preset processing may be to output the wavefront travel time as the seismic wave actual travel time. And presetting the wave front travel time to obtain a processing result, and outputting the wave front travel time to obtain the actual seismic wave travel time.
For convenience of understanding, a practical application scenario of the tunnel seismic reflection wave method advanced geological prediction is illustrated here, fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a determination method of tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the method includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and (4) coordinate measurement.
Different tunnels and different construction processes result in different construction parameters within the tunnel. The tunnel bore diameter D, the tunnel side wall height H, etc. need to be measured accurately. Laying a shot point in the tunnel as a transmitting point, laying a receiving point in the tunnel, and measuring the shot point S n And the receiving point R n The spatial coordinates of reference point a and the spatial coordinates of reference point B. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first model in the method for determining the tunnel wavefront travel time according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a reference point a = (fx, fy, fz) may be selected as the center point of the dome of the tunnel face, a reference point B = (fx 1, fy1, fz 1) may be selected as the center point of the dome at a certain distance from the tunnel face, and fz1= fz. The geodetic coordinates of the point to be measured can be measured by adopting measuring equipment, and the relative coordinates of the point to be measured based on a certain point as an origin can also be measured.
The second step is that: and (5) measuring the direct wave velocity.
And measuring the direct wave velocity Vp of the tunnel surrounding rock by adopting the existing data and the seismic direct wave method in the excavated tunnel section behind the tunnel face in the current tunnel. Simply, measuring lines can be arranged on the side wall of the tunnel according to linear arrangement, the time of each measuring line receiving the direct wave is picked up, the straight line of the distance and the time of the direct wave is drawn, and the slope of the straight line is the direct wave speed Vp of the tunnel surrounding rock of the square wave behind the tunnel face.
The third step: and (4) space modeling.
Determining direction according to the reference point A and the reference point B, and obtaining a vector by taking the reference point A as an origin
Determining the heading direction of the tunnel, i.e. the x-direction of the model, the orientation quantity
The horizontal and vertical direction of the orientation quantity BA is the y direction, the vertical and vertical direction of the orientation quantity BA is the z direction, namely the x, y and z directions of the model space are determined, as shown in figure 3.
Through vector relation coordinate conversion, the shot point S is converted n The measured coordinates (gx, gy, gz) are converted into model coordinates (ggx, ggy, ggz) of the model with the reference point a as the origin, and the specific calculation process can refer to the following formulas (1), (2) and (3).
ggz＝gz-fz (3)
Taking the reference point A as an origin point, and taking a spatial range of Lx multiplied by Ly multiplied by Lz as a model calculation space. And (3) meshing the model space by taking the delta x, the delta y and the delta z as intervals, and constructing an actual three-dimensional forecast mesh model, wherein the smaller the mesh interval is, the higher the precision is, and the actual distance can be 5m. Wherein Lx is the sum of the distances between the front of the tunnel middle palm surface and the rear of the tunnel middle palm surface, the length of the front of the tunnel palm surface is the forecast length, generally 150-200m, and the length of the rear of the tunnel palm surface can be 100m including the positions of a shot point and a receiving point; ly may take 100m, and Lz may take 100m.
The fourth step: and (5) modeling the speed.
The method comprises the steps of firstly giving a direct wave velocity Vp to the whole model space, then giving a velocity 340m/s of seismic waves in the air to a grid of a tunnel space, carrying out velocity scanning on the three-dimensional model space through velocity analysis to obtain a three-dimensional velocity in front of a palm facet of the tunnel, and constructing a three-dimensional velocity body of the whole model space.
The fifth step: and calculating travel time.
Based on the space model of the shot point, the wave front travel time is calculated according to the Huygens principle, and the accurate travel time calculation of the three-dimensional tunnel space is realized. The present embodiment employs a Fast Marching Method (FMM) to progress the forward calculations.
Taking a two-dimensional model as an example, first, the model is gridded, and all grid points are divided into 3 point sets: accepted value lattice sets (accept values), near point lattice sets (narrow of three values), far point sets (far away values). Wherein, the recognized lattice point set is a point set which has an initial value and the median value is not changed any more when calculating, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of determining the wave front travel time in the determination method of tunnel wave front travel time according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the lattice point represented by the black solid point on the left side is the recognized value point set; the near lattice point set is a lattice point adjacent to a lattice point of a recognized value, the lattice point crossed in the bending band in fig. 4 is the near lattice point set, and although a value is calculated for a point of the near lattice point set, the value is not necessarily the minimum travel time, so the value of the lattice point changes; the far point set is the set of far points marked by the grid points except the accepted value grid points and the near grid points in the model, and the gray solid points on the right side in fig. 4 represent the set of far points. In the far point set, the travel time of the lattice point is not calculated. Secondly, finding the point with the minimum travel time in the travel time of the calculated near point set, removing the point in the near point set, and then adding the point into a recognized value lattice point set; all the adjacent grid points of the unrecognized value of the point are put into the near point set, and if the adjacent grid points belong to the far point set, the adjacent grid points are removed; then, recalculating the travel time of the lattice point adjacent to the lattice point by using a function equation, and if the calculated travel time is greater than the original value, reserving the original value; if the value is smaller than the original value, the value is the real travel time of the point, so the original value is replaced; calculating until the accepted value grid point set covers the whole model; the upwind region (upwind side) in fig. 4 is a recognized value point set of the point set, the narrowband region (narrowband of three values) is a near grid point set, and the downwind region (downwind) is a far grid point set. The calculation region of the FMM algorithm is always in the neighborhood of the lattice point in the upwind region (recognized value point set), so that the travel time of the lattice point in the upwind region (recognized value point set) is always the minimum, and the lattice point with the minimum travel time in the wave front narrow band (near lattice point set) is selected to calculate the values of the adjacent points until all the lattice nodes are calculated.
And a sixth step: the output wavefront travel time.
And taking the wave front time of the receiving point as the travel time of the actual seismic wave from the shot point to the receiving point, and participating in the calculation of the subsequent migration imaging. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a slice of the wave front travel time in the tunnel according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, according to the slice of the wave front travel time of the vertical fault model 50 meters in front of the palm surface, it can be seen that the abnormal wave front travel time exists in the fault 50 meters in front of the palm surface in the tunnel, which more clearly reflects the influence of the actual tunnel space on the propagation of the seismic wave, and the travel time calculated by the conventional method is more accurate.
In the embodiment, the three-dimensional prediction model taking the reference point as the center is obtained by converting the coordinates and the parameters measured in the actual tunnel space by using the vector, and the spatial coordinates measured in the actual field can be absolute coordinates or relative coordinates, so that the feasibility of field data acquisition is improved. And (3) meshing the whole model space, giving sound wave speed to the space mesh of the tunnel, and obtaining the front speed of the palm surface in the tunnel by adopting speed analysis to obtain a three-dimensional speed body of the whole model space.
The embodiment also aims at the difficult problem of complex seismic wave propagation path in the three-dimensional model space, introduces a fast traveling method to calculate the wave front travel time according to the Huygens principle, avoids the calculation of the actual propagation path, and directly replaces the reflected wave travel time according to the wave front time of a shot point. Because the influence of the actual tunnel space on the seismic wave propagation is considered, the travel time calculation is more accurate than that of the conventional method, and the calculation of the three-dimensional travel time based on the actual tunnel space is realized.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a component of the device for determining a tunnel wavefront travel time according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the device 600 includes:
an obtaining module 601, configured to obtain a parameter related to the tunnel;
a first determining module 602, configured to determine a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameter; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel;
a first processing module 603, configured to perform wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel;
a second determining module 604, configured to determine a wave front travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model.
In other embodiments, the apparatus 600 further includes a second processing module, configured to process the rear of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on a first preset manner, so as to obtain a first speed of the square wave behind the tunnel face.
In other embodiments, the first processing module 603 is further configured to determine a second speed of the square wave in front of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on the first speed; and determining a second model corresponding to the tunnel based on the preset wave speed of the tunnel face rear square wave, the first speed and the second speed.
In other embodiments, the first determining module 602 is further configured to determine a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the direction information of the tunnel and the parameter.
In other embodiments, the parameters include at least a first reference point parameter and a second reference point parameter; the apparatus 600 further comprises a third determination module for determining the direction information based on the first and second fiducial parameters.
In other embodiments, the first determining module 602 is further configured to determine the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on a preset spatial range and the parameter.
In other embodiments, the parameters include at least a transmit point parameter and a receive point parameter; the apparatus 600 further includes a fourth determining module, configured to process the transmitting point parameter and the receiving point parameter based on a second preset manner, and determine the preset spatial range.
In other embodiments, the apparatus 600 further includes a third processing module, configured to perform preset processing on the wavefront travel time after determining the wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model, so as to obtain a processing result, where the processing result is used for performing offset imaging.
The above description of the apparatus embodiments, similar to the above description of the method embodiments, has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention, reference is made to the description of the embodiments of the method according to the invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, if the method for determining the tunnel wave front travel time is implemented in the form of a software functional module, and is sold or used as an independent product, the method may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical embodiments of the present invention or portions thereof that contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, which includes several instructions for causing a determining device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) for determining the travel time of a tunnel wave to perform all or part of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining a tunnel wave front travel time, which includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program operable on the processor, and the processor implements any step of the foregoing method when executing the program.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the steps of the method described above.
Here, it should be noted that: the above description of the storage medium and device embodiments is similar to the description of the method embodiments above, with similar advantageous effects as the method embodiments. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of the storage medium and the apparatus according to the invention, reference is made to the description of the embodiments of the method according to the invention.
It should be noted that fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a hardware entity of a determining apparatus for tunnel wavefront travel time according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the hardware entity of the determining apparatus 700 for tunnel wavefront travel time includes: the processor 701 and the memory 703, optionally, the apparatus 700 for determining a tunnel wave front travel time may further include a communication interface 702.
It will be appreciated that the memory 703 may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. Among them, the nonvolatile Memory may be a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a magnetic random access Memory (FRAM), a magnetic random access Memory (Flash Memory), a magnetic surface Memory, an optical Disc, or a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM); the magnetic surface storage may be disk storage or tape storage. Volatile Memory can be Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache Memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Enhanced DRAM), synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), direct Memory (DRmb Access), and Random Access Memory (DRAM). The memory 703 described in connection with the embodiments of the invention is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
The method disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the processor 701, or implemented by the processor 701. The processor 701 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be implemented by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 701. The Processor 701 may be a general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components, or the like. The processor 701 may implement or perform the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or can be implemented by combining hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium that is located in the memory 703, and the processor 701 reads the information in the memory 703 and performs the steps of the foregoing method in combination with its hardware.
In an exemplary embodiment, the determining Device of the tunnel wave front travel time may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), general purpose processors (gpus), controllers, micro Controllers (MCUs), microprocessors (microprocessors), or other electronic components for performing the foregoing methods.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed method and apparatus can be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the unit is only one logical functional division, and other division ways may be implemented in practice, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another observation, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. In addition, the communication connections between the components shown or discussed may be through interfaces, indirect couplings or communication connections of devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical or other.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units; some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for realizing the method embodiments can be completed by hardware related to program instructions, the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program executes the steps comprising the method embodiments when executed; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a removable Memory device, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
Alternatively, the integrated unit according to the embodiment of the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product. With this understanding, technical embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a determining device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to determine the travel time of a tunnel wave, to perform all or part of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, a ROM, a magnetic or optical disk, or other various media that can store program code.
The method, apparatus and computer storage medium for determining the tunnel wavefront travel time described in the embodiments of the present invention are only examples of the embodiments of the present invention, but are not limited thereto, and the method, apparatus and computer storage medium for determining the tunnel wavefront travel time are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention. The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are only for description, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all such changes or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method for determining travel time of a tunnel wave, the method comprising:
acquiring parameters related to the tunnel;
determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameters; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel;
performing wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel;
determining a wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and processing the rear part of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on a first preset mode to obtain a first speed of the square wave at the rear part of the tunnel face.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing the wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel comprises:
determining a second speed of the square wave in front of the tunnel face in the tunnel based on the first speed;
and determining a second model corresponding to the tunnel based on the preset wave speed of the tunnel face rear square wave, the first speed and the second speed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameter comprises:
and determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the direction information of the tunnel and the parameters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the parameters include at least a first reference point parameter and a second reference point parameter; the method further comprises the following steps:
determining the direction information based on the first and second reference point parameters.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the first model corresponding to the tunnel based on the parameter comprises:
and determining a first model corresponding to the tunnel based on a preset space range and the parameters.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the parameters comprise at least a transmission point parameter and a reception point parameter; the method further comprises the following steps:
and processing the transmitting point parameters and the receiving point parameters based on a second preset mode to determine the preset space range.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein after determining the wavefront travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model, the method further comprises:
and presetting the wave front travel time to obtain a processing result, wherein the processing result is used for carrying out offset imaging.
9. A tunnel wavefront travel time determination device, comprising:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain a parameter related to the tunnel;
a first determining module, configured to determine, based on the parameter, a first model corresponding to the tunnel; the first model characterizes a characteristic attribute of the tunnel;
the first processing module is used for carrying out wave velocity processing on the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the tunnel; the second model characterizes a wavefront velocity attribute in the tunnel;
and the second determining module is used for determining the wave front travel time in the tunnel based on the first model and the second model.
10. A tunnel wave front travel time determination apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program operable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 when executing the program.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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