CN107664771B - A kind of microseism Full wave shape localization method based on likeness coefficient - Google Patents
A kind of microseism Full wave shape localization method based on likeness coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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Abstract
As exploration and development enters the middle and later periods, in order to improve the rate of oil and gas recovery, micro-seismic monitoring and location technology are become more and more important.Algorithm about seismic source location has very much, and current most of algorithms are all to establish equation on the basis of first arrival time and the two parameters of spread speed and solve positioning.The two parameters are difficult to accurately obtain in actual seismic data, therefore positioning accuracy will receive influence.Miao Hua is auspicious equal based on slant stack and scanning thought proposition microseism all-wave automatic positioning method in response to this problem, effectively prevents problem above.But the microseism all-wave automatic positioning method it is insufficient there are noise resistance the problems such as.The present invention proposes the microseism all-wave automatic positioning method based on likeness coefficient in response to this problem, firstly, handling each data using window weighting when sine；Then, optimize original likeness coefficient algorithm, division arithmetic is changed to subtraction, accelerates operational efficiency, carried out normalized function and judged position.Compared with original method, it is significantly improved in noise resistance, prominent extreme value, and calculation amount is substantially reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seism processing fields, position more particularly to microseism.
Background technique
The advantages of micro-seismic technology is showed in recent years makes numerous oil gas fields increase the research and development of the technology one after another
Dynamics is achieved compared with quantum jump in all fields.
Microseismic core is seismic source location, and seismic source location key is divided into two o'clock: objective function and solution
Optimization.First for objective function problem, Geiger in 1912 is proposed earliest according to first arrival time and stratigraphic model will be non-thread
Property problem linearization, and provide least square solution this is earliest objective function.Although this method is imperfect but inspire
Many researchers, Waldhauser (2000) just proposes double difference method positioning on the basis of the equation, if two earthquakes
Distance is compared smaller with earthquake-receiving point or speed heterogeneous body between event, then can regard as from two focus to receiving point
Ray path it is consistent, the difference between such two observation time can consider there is direct connection with two hypocentral distances, pass through one
The problems such as high-precision event calculates another low performance event, overcomes medium such as to a certain extent and interferes, noise jamming.Also have
Wave type energy is applied to objective function, what their theoretical cluster proposed from Aster and Scott in 1993 occurred
Microseism waveform has similarity theory, and then new method is come into being: most apparent microseism is positioned first, further according to wave
Similarity theory search out small and weak microseism, finally position these small and weak microseisms, Kummerow (2010) is micro-ly
Correlation did research between seismic wave shape.In order to solve influence of the initial time to model, Hu Fei (2015) proposes a kind of base
In the objective function of differential format, the influence of initial time is eliminated using three kinds of TRANSFORMATION RATIO difference perfections.
Then for solution optimization above, earliest solution can be classified as the general solution for linearizing nonlinear problem
Method, this will necessarily generate the problems such as such as falling into local extremum.In order to overcome the problems, such as that linearisation is brought by force, starts to develop non-thread
Property localization method, these methods do not need initial value, partial derivative, the problem of effectively preventing local extremum, but calculate number
According to starting to become larger, efficiency is lower.The method of representative has: Newton method, monte carlo search method, enumerative technique (direct search method) etc..?
Under the development of Other subjects, algorithm is also updated, and the evolution algorithm based on biology occurs, using thermodynamics as base
The simulated annealing (Pei etc., 2009) of plinth, based on wave equation inverse time imaging method (Zou and Zhou, 2011
Year).
Since the complicated single solution of underground medium is difficult to be applicable in, then many algorithms are compound under the premise of guaranteeing accuracy
It becomes in order to which grid search and artificial genetic (2012) is used in combination in an effective route Song Weiqi and joint is yellow
Golden mesh segmentation grid data service and simulated annealing (2014) contain Computer Associates International Inc.'s joint particle swarm algorithm and Differential evolution (2014
Year), obtain outstanding locating effect.
It is disturbed within Song Weiqi (2012), is searched out micro- by rate pattern at perforation for the proposition of ground receiver problem
The velocity equivalent of earthquake is positioned in turn, and this method eliminates the time difference minor issue between neighboring track well, solves
The low problem of last model inversion susceptibility, improves inversion accuracy and quality, while enhancing model anti-interference.
Receive the problem that microseism signal is weak, and first break picking is not allowed for ground, proposes within Zhu Haiwei etc. (2013) to exist
Various combination methods under Bayesian frame, the accurate assurance for prior information is so that this method has stronger resistance for noise
Power, efficiency further increases compared with search method.
What wise China proposes inverting new method based on three-component geophone data in (2013), auxiliary using the superposition repeatedly of energy
It is limited with direct wave angle to determine earthquake excitation area, is similarly to grid data service, workload is bigger, but is really
Positioning opens new direction.
Miao Huaxiang is equal to the automatic tomography theory of mine microseism all-wave that 2012 propose, independent of time and speed
Degree has very high researching value.But the algorithm exists and supports that Noise Resistance Ability is low and extreme value not distinct issues.
Summary of the invention
More effectively to overcome drawbacks described above present in the automatic tomography of microseism all-wave, object of the present invention is to pass through
Microseism decision criteria is optimized, to improve to Noise Resistance Ability and prominent extreme value.
The purpose of the present invention is overcome anti-noise ability existing for original method not strong and extreme value not outstanding problem.This method
It is as follows:
Window when first introducing, while window when being sinusoidal using selection after each data weighting in clock synchronization window, such as 5 column, 1 row
Window is as follows when sinusoidal:
0.0800 0.5400 1.0000 0.5400 0.0800
Then in sine under window, the judgment criterion based on likeness coefficient just becomes formula (1):
Wherein f (i, l+ki) indicate the 1+k recorded in i-th of wave detectoriThe data at moment, gsin (n, i, l+ki) indicate
The 1+k that i-th of wave detector records under window in n lengthiThe sine weighting coefficient of the data at moment, t0It indicates to use when scanning
Time, vjIndicate the speed used when scanning.
The core concept of formula (1) are as follows: if f (i, l+ki) it is disturbance records, then molecule should be zero in formula (1)；
If effective record, then the value of formula (1) is close to 1.
Know that Sc is closer to 1 from formula (1), then closer to focal point, so, the formula (1) is converted, can see that
Then, plus and minus calculation is to be faster than multiplication and division operation forever for computer, so in order to improve operation efficiency,
It the use of plus and minus calculation is as far as possible optimal selection, then new thought just generates on this basis: utmostly using plus-minus fortune
It calculates.Wherein enable two parts above and below on the right of formula (2) equation that can be set as respectively:
It is available in conjunction with formula (3) and formula (4):
A-B=S (5)
From formula (5), it is possible to find:
The bigger closer focus of this numerical value of MSc, the numerical difference of A and B is bigger away from bigger then MSc on the other hand, from
And closer to focus.
By above theoretical it follows that arithmetic speed can be greatlyd improve as judgement data with the difference of A and B.But
The fluctuation range of S must limit greatly very much.Then maximum value is selected in all S datas first in actual operation
Then maxS (6) will make normalized according to the following formula:
By S1As new judgement data.
In conclusion a kind of microseism Full wave shape localization method based on likeness coefficient, this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: delimiting the Probability Area that microseism occurs, establish the space coordinate relationship of geophone station Yu the region；
Step 2: selection time window length, trace interval, scanning speed interval, scanning space spacing parameter；
Step 3: reading in microseism data；
Step 4: picking up in the microseism data that each wave detector is recorded corresponding sweep time, speed, space
Window data when that segment record；
Step 5: clock synchronization window array carries out sine weighting processing；
Step 6: calculating A and B, formula such as (3), (4),
Wherein f (i, l+ki) indicate the 1+k recorded in i-th of wave detectoriThe data at moment, gsin (n, i, l+ki) indicate
The 1+k that i-th of wave detector records under window in n lengthiThe sine weighting coefficient of the data at moment；
Then S is calculated, formula is such as shown in (3)；
Step 7: maximum value maxS is selected in all S datas, and normalized is done to the data S calculated, it is public
Formula is such as shown in (6)；By S1As the judgement data of microseism positioning, the bigger closer focus of the value.
The present invention improves efficiency on the basis of likeness coefficient Criterion Method original division arithmetic being changed to subtraction,
But experiment discovery determines that data overall variation differs greatly, so using method for normalizing compressed data to make in final step
Overall variation obviously becomes smaller, prominent extreme value, so that setting accuracy further increases.Window when simultaneous selection sine passes through weighting
Coefficient optimizes the service conditions of data, avoids part and interferes influence to result.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is design Simple Theory model, the area of plane are as follows: 300m × 300m, depth 100m.
Divide three layers: surface p wave interval velocity at depth 35m is 2800m/s, and S wave velocity is 1600m/s.35m to 60m locates P-wave
Degree is 3200m/s, and S wave velocity is 1900m/s.It is 3300m/s that 60m to 100m, which locates p wave interval velocity, and S wave velocity is 2000m/s.
Wherein design earthquake source is 70m in abscissa, at ordinate 70m, depth 70m.Firing time is 0.3s；
Fig. 2 is the geophone station location drawing, and the dot in figure is exactly geophone station.This geophone station has 25, and is uniformly distributed, most
Observation area is covered on a large scale.Coordinate starts from (50,50), ends at (250,250).Area is 200m × 200m altogether；
Fig. 3 is the former methodical sectional view being calculated, and for color closer to red, value is bigger；First width figure is perpendicular
The upward sectional view of histogram, abscissa are section transverse direction distance, and ordinate is the depth of section.Second width figure is horizontal
Sectional view on direction, abscissa are section transverse direction distance, and ordinate is section longitudinal direction distance.It is evident that back
Scape interferes huge, and big in extremal region, i.e., extreme value does not protrude, and shows that positioning accuracy is not high, it is known that vulnerable to noise jamming；
Fig. 4 is likeness coefficient microseism positioning proposed by the present invention, and for color closer to red, value is bigger；First width
Figure is the sectional view on vertical direction, and abscissa is section transverse direction distance, and ordinate is section longitudinal direction distance.Second width figure
The sectional view being horizontally oriented, abscissa are section transverse direction distance, and ordinate is section longitudinal direction distance；From figure
It can be seen that background interference is obviously pressed, extremal region is obviously reduced, i.e., extreme value is significantly highlighted.
Specific embodiment
The main realization principle of technical solution of the present invention, specific embodiment etc. are retouched in detail below according to attached drawing
It states.
Cardinal principle: first assume that microseism focus is located at monitoring region certain, Mr. Yu started to excite at one moment, and with certain
One speed travels to each wave detector, and is detected device and records.Pass through time for continually scanning for, space, speed these ginsengs
Number searches out extreme value to calculate judgment criterion data proposed by the present invention, i.e. positioning microseism focus.
Specific embodiment: firstly, according to the geophone station observation system of the geophone station geologic structure model of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
It is 70m, the place ordinate 70m, depth 70m, the ground generated when firing time is 0.3s that forward simulation, which goes out by excitation point in abscissa,
Shake data.It is consistent with true seismic data to ensure, interference data are added in the seismic data.
Then, micro-seismic monitoring region is set, and establishes space coordinate relationship with geophone station observation system.Setting scans
Only time and sweep spacing, scanning start-stop speed and speed interval, scanning space interval, set time window length.
Then, successively scanning calculates the time that microearthquake wave arrives each geophone station under these parameters, and remembers in wave detector
It records in data, centered on this arrival time, window picks up data when selecting one.Sine weighting coefficient is established, in clock synchronization window
Data carried out sine weighting processing.It is necessary for wave detector of problems record data progress to cast out.
Finally, the data that these are picked up are calculated as proposed by the present invention based on likeness coefficient criterion method,
Wherein maximum value is microseism focus.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4, using proposed by the present invention fixed based on likeness coefficient microseism
Position method has better effect compared with original method, and first can be seen that effect is very good in compacting background interference, and second in prominent pole
Extremal region is obviously reduced in terms of value, shows to be obviously improved effect for prominent extreme value.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of microseism Full wave shape localization method based on likeness coefficient, this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: delimiting the Probability Area that microseism occurs, establish the space coordinate relationship of geophone station Yu the region；
Step 2: selection time window length, trace interval, scanning speed interval, scanning space spacing parameter；
Step 3: reading in microseism data；
Step 4: picked up in the microseism data that each wave detector is recorded corresponding sweep time, speed, space that
Window data when segment record；
Step 5: clock synchronization window array carries out sine weighting processing；
Step 6: A and B is calculated, formula is as follows:
Wherein f (i, l+ki) indicate the 1+k recorded in i-th of wave detectoriThe data at moment, g sin (n, i, l+ki) indicate in n
The 1+k that i-th of wave detector records under window when a lengthiThe sine weighting coefficient of the data at moment；
Then S is calculated, formula (3) is as follows:
A-B=S (3)
Step 7: maximum value maxS is selected in all S datas, and normalized is done to the data S calculated, is had:
By S1As the judgement data of microseism positioning, the bigger closer focus of the value.
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| EP2542918A2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-01-09 | Vialogy LLC | Active noise injection computations for improved predictability in oil and gas reservoir discovery and characterization |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2542918A2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-01-09 | Vialogy LLC | Active noise injection computations for improved predictability in oil and gas reservoir discovery and characterization |
| CN104280775A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-14 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Microseism monitoring and positioning method based on full-waveform vector offset superposition |
| CN104749626A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for positioning microseism event point |
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