CN115191380A

CN115191380A - Coral culture method, system and product thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115191380A
Application number: CN202210303957.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈儀仁
Original assignee: Popai Marine Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Popai Marine Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-07
Filing date: 2022-03-25
Publication date: 2022-10-18
Also published as: TW202239325A; TWI807721B

Abstract

The invention provides a coral culture method, which provides a stable optimal growth environment and nutrition for small hydranth hard corals by monitoring the seawater environment in a water tank, and can realize mass production of the small hydranth hard corals; the invention further provides a coral culture system and a coral product, wherein the coral culture method is implemented by the coral culture system, so that the obtained coral product has stable and excellent quality and is not polluted by heavy metals.

Description

Coral culture method, system and product thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a coral culture method, in particular to an indoor coral culture method; the invention also relates to a coral culture system and a coral product.

Background

The regeneration medicine develops rapidly, and the coral bone structure is similar to human bone in porous structure, so that the coral bone is a new natural biological material and has wide medical application in the future.

However, in the present day with frequent industrial development and commercial activities, due to the increasing greenhouse effect, not only the ecological environment is deteriorated due to the severe global climate change, but also factory waste water and the frequent oil leakage events of ships are more direct causes of coral death.

In view of the difficulty in repopulating coral once whitened and dead in open sea areas, and the importance of natural ecological protection on ecological diversity, besides being unsuitable for cultivating a single species, because of numerous ecological influencing factors and interaction, the development of coral indoor cultivation methods is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a coral culture method, which can be used for mass culture of Small hydranth hard Corals (Small Polyp Stony Corals), namely SPS hard coral. The invention also provides a coral culture system and a coral product.

The culture of the invention refers to the asexual reproduction of the hydranth to proliferate and grow, but does not include sexual reproduction. In addition, the whole process of the coral culture method is indoor culture, belongs to an artificial culture method, and does not use wild coral.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a coral culture method, comprising: providing a water tank, wherein the water tank is used for accommodating seawater which comprises calcium ions and magnesium ions; an inoculation step comprising: placing a coral on a base, and placing the base in the water tank; a culturing step comprising: maintaining the seawater at a pH of 7.8 to 8.8, a salinity of 29 to 37ppt, a alkalinity of 7 to 10dKH, a temperature of 20 to 26 ℃, a concentration of the calcium ions of 430 to 500ppm, and a concentration of the magnesium ions of 1290 to 1500ppm; a bait feeding step comprising: providing a first bait for the coral; an illumination step, comprising: providing a light source for the coral, wherein the illumination time is at least 6 hours per day; and a decontamination step comprising removing froth from the seawater and filtering the seawater, the amount of filtered water being at least 2.6 volume percent per minute, based on the total volume of seawater in the tank; wherein the coral is a Small hydranth hard coral (Small Polyp Stony coral).

The invention provides the optimal stable growth environment for the small hydranth hard coral by monitoring the seawater environment in the water tank, and provides the light source to facilitate the photosynthesis of symbiotic algae and provide nutrients for the small hydranth hard coral so as to ensure the stable growth of the small hydranth hard coral and form coral bones. In addition, the filtration is helpful for purifying the seawater quality, and the removal of the froth can reduce the content of organic matters such as protein, amino acid and the like in the seawater, thereby avoiding the death of the hydranth hard coral caused by the deterioration of the water quality.

The coral bone of the invention is calcium carbonate coral bone.

The term "comprising" as used herein can be substituted with a closed or semi-closed linker, such as: "comprising" may mean "consisting of 8230; or" consisting essentially of ". This description is not intended to limit the scope of the claims unless otherwise indicated.

The seawater can be natural seawater or artificial seawater prepared by imitating natural seawater salt; preferably, the pH value of the seawater is maintained between 8.0 and 8.6; more preferably, the pH of the seawater is maintained at 8.2 to 8.4. Preferably, the salinity of the seawater is maintained between 29.5ppt and 34ppt; more preferably, the salinity of the seawater is maintained at 29.7 ppt to 32ppt. Preferably, the alkalinity of the seawater is maintained at 8.0 to 9.0dKH; preferably, the alkalinity of the seawater is maintained at 8.2dKH to 8.8dKH; still more preferably, the alkalinity of the seawater is maintained at 8.4dKH to 8.6dKH. Preferably, the temperature of the seawater is maintained at 22 ℃ to 25.5 ℃; more preferably, the temperature of the seawater is maintained at 23 ℃ to 25 ℃.

In one embodiment, the depth of the seawater is 10 cm to 50 cm; preferably, the depth of the seawater is 30 cm to 40 cm; more preferably, the depth of the seawater is 35 cm. Although the seawater environment of shallow-jar culture is changed greatly, the coral can still grow stably by adopting the culture method of the invention and is beneficial to harvest.

Preferably, the coral is selected from the group consisting of: beautiful shaft-hole coral (Acropora fortosa), noble shaft-hole coral (Acropora nobilis), simple shaft-hole coral (Acropora astere), valeran shaft-hole coral (Acropora valenencinnesis), furcate shaft-hole coral (Acropora pulchra), lobular shaft-hole coral (Acropora microphtha), intermediate shaft-hole coral (Acropora intermedia), and Fozhou shaft-hole coral (Acropora florida), but are not limited thereto.

The same species of the above beautiful shaft-hole coral is named Acropora muricata.

The corals of different species are cultured in separate tanks or in different zones substantially, wherein although the optimal growth conditions of the corals of single species are the same, the nutrient requirement consumption and the waste discharge are also the same, so that the seawater environment is easy to change rapidly and is difficult to maintain constant, and the culture threshold is higher; if different species of corals are co-cultured in the same water tank, although different species are respectively required, the seawater environment is easy to maintain constant, but partial corals are easy to remove algae and whiten; in essence, the cultivation in different areas can avoid different species competing for the growth space.

Preferably, the coral is a coral fragment comprising a calcium carbonate fragment and a coral worm. The coral worms of the present invention comprise symbiotic algae based on that coral deficient symbiotic algae will whiten and die.

In one embodiment, the calcium carbonate segment has a length of 0.2 cm to 4 cm; preferably, the calcium carbonate segment is in a particle form, i.e., the calcium carbonate segment is calcium carbonate particles, and the particle size of the calcium carbonate particles is 0.2 cm to 0.5 cm; more preferably, the calcium carbonate particles have a particle size of 0.3 cm to 0.4 cm.

The coral fragments can be in dot shape and can be taken from any part of the coral mother plant; or the coral fragment is a segment and is a broken branch of the coral mother plant.

When the calcium carbonate particles are smaller, the survival probability of the coral is lower in the initial stage after inoculation, and the invention can ensure that the coral fragments can grow smoothly while the size of the calcium carbonate particles is greatly reduced by precisely regulating and controlling the seawater environment.

Preferably, the coral fragments have a density of 50 to 60 coral fragments per square meter.

Preferably, the amount of filtered water per minute is 2.6 to 8.6 volume per minute, based on the total volume of seawater in the tank; more preferably, the amount of filtered water per minute is 4.5 to 6.6 volume per minute; more preferably, the amount of filtered water per minute is 5 to 6.1 volume percent. The total volume of the seawater in the water tank refers to the volume of the seawater actually contained in the water tank, and the water tank is used for containing the small hydranth hard coral to provide a growing environment, so the total volume of the seawater in the water tank is not counted in the seawater in other tanks such as pipelines, filter tanks or water storage tanks. The invention provides enough water filtering amount percentage, which not only can ensure the water quality, but also can ensure the seawater flow in the water tank, and avoid the death of coral.

SPS scleractinian coral generally only survives in an environment with low nutrient salt, namely the calcium ion concentration is below 420ppm, and the magnesium ion concentration is below 1260ppm, otherwise, the SPS scleractinian coral is easy to whiten and die; by regulating and controlling the filtered water amount, the SPS hard coral cultured in high density can grow and grow fast in high concentration calcium ion and magnesium ion environment.

Preferably, the base comprises a ceramic or cement plate; in one embodiment, the ceramic or cement disk is cylindrical.

According to the invention, the cylindrical ceramic basal disc is adopted to reduce the attachment of algae and prevent other algae from extruding the growth space of the coral worm. The ceramic basal disc has fine three-dimensional holes, is beneficial to the growth of nitrobacteria, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, and is beneficial to reducing nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in seawater.

Preferably, the seawater includes phosphate, nitrate and nitrite, and the concentration of the phosphate is maintained to be greater than or equal to 0ppm and less than 0.03ppm, the concentration of the nitrate is maintained to be greater than or equal to 0ppm and less than 0.5ppm, and the concentration of the nitrite is maintained to be greater than or equal to 0ppm and less than 0.1ppm. The phrase "equal to 0 ppm" means that it is not detected.

The concentrations of phosphate, nitrate and nitrite are too high, and algae will propagate excessively, which is not favorable for maintaining the cleanliness of water quality.

Preferably, the concentration of the calcium ion is maintained at 450ppm to 480ppm.

Preferably, the concentration of the magnesium ions is maintained at 1370ppm to 1420ppm.

According to the invention, calcium ions and magnesium ions with specific contents and alkalinity can help the hydranth hard coral secrete calcium carbonate to form bones. If the concentrations of calcium ions, magnesium ions and alkalinity are too high, crystals are easily formed in the water tank; if the concentration is too low, the coral gradually becomes dark and dies.

Preferably, the illumination time is 9 to 13 hours per day; more preferably, the illumination time is 10 hours to 12 hours per day.

The above-mentioned illumination time may be continuously performed.

In one embodiment, the monitoring frequency of the seawater is 5 to 12 times per day; preferably, the monitoring frequency of the seawater is 8 to 12 times per day, for example: 10 times.

Preferably, the light source is selected from the group consisting of: 2800K to 3800K white light, 5000K to 6500K white light, 425nm to 435nm blue light, and 445nm to 470nm blue light.

According to the present invention, the number of hydranth and symbiotic algae can be controlled by the light sources or the combination thereof, so that the growth rate of the small hydranth hard coral can be further controlled by the matching of the different light sources, and the small hydranth hard coral can be evenly distributed.

In one embodiment, the frequency of the baiting step is 8 to 15 feeds per day; preferably, the frequency of the feeding step is from 1 to 3 feeds per week.

Preferably, the bait comprises any one of rotifer and paramecium or their combination. The rotifer provided by the invention can make the bone of the coral stronger.

In one embodiment, the rotifers comprise any one or combination of small (S-type) rotifers, super small (SS-type) rotifers.

The length of the small rotifers is 100-210 micrometers; preferably, the length of the small rotifers is 100 to 120 micrometers. The length of the microminiature rotifers is 90 to 110 micrometers.

In one embodiment, the small rotifers have an average length of 160 micrometers.

In one embodiment, the rotifer comprises any one of or a combination of the species rotifer chytrid (Brachionus rotundiformis), verticillium ibeiensis (Brachionus ibericus).

The small hydranth hard coral has main body and branches, and according to the present invention, the whole small hydranth hard coral plant may have vertical height increased by 0.5-0.8 cm, branch length increased by 0.3-1 cm, main body diameter increased by 0.05-0.15 cm, and branch diameter increased by 0.05-0.8 cm. The branch of the hydranth hard coral is thin, so the maximum growth rate can be larger than the maximum growth rate of the vertical height of the whole plant.

Preferably, the coral fragments are cultured for 500 to 600 days to obtain a whole coral; wherein the vertical height of the whole coral plant is 12-20 cm, the length of the branch is 5-15 cm, the diameter of the main body is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the diameter of the branch is 0.6-1.5 cm; more preferably, the whole coral plant has a body vertical height of 15 cm to 20 cm, a length of the branches of 6 cm to 15 cm, a diameter of the body of 1.6 cm to 3.5 cm, and a diameter of the branches of 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm.

The invention also provides a coral culture system, which comprises: a seawater comprising calcium ions and magnesium ions, wherein the seawater is maintained at a pH of 7.8 to 8.8, a salinity of 29 to 37ppt, a alkalinity of 7 to 10dKH, a temperature of 20 to 26 ℃, a concentration of the calcium ions of 430 to 500ppm, and a concentration of the magnesium ions of 1290 to 1500ppm; a water tank, the water tank is used for containing the seawater, at least one base is arranged on the bottom surface of the water tank, the at least one base is used for containing a coral, and the volume of the filtered water is at least 2.6 volume percent per minute on the basis of the total volume of the seawater in the water tank; a light source module for providing illumination to the coral for at least 6 hours every day; a water purification module for filtering the seawater; a defoaming module for removing floating foam of the seawater; a pure water supply module for supplying pure water to the seawater and having a water supply port; and a water storage tank provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively communicated with the water tank and the water storage tank, and the water supply port is communicated with the pure water supply module and the water storage tank.

The coral culture system adopts the coral culture method.

Preferably, each base is used for accommodating a coral.

Preferably, the light source module is arranged above the level of the seawater by 40 cm to 150 cm.

Preferably, the water storage tank is arranged below the bottom of the water tank.

Preferably, the pure water supply module further comprises a pure water inlet control module for opening or closing the water supply inlet; preferably, the water supply port is adjacent to the water outlet.

The pure water supply module can be an RO cold water purifier; and the pure water may be reverse osmosis water.

Preferably, the water purifying module is accommodated in the water storage tank.

Preferably, the coral, the sea water, the base, the light source module, the illumination time and the filtered water amount are the same as those of the coral, the sea water, the base, the light source, the illumination time and the filtered water amount of the coral culture method.

Preferably, the water purification module comprises biochemical cotton, ceramic rings, filter cotton, coral filter stones and live-stone coral reefs.

The biochemical cotton can be used for culturing nitrifying bacteria, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria and enhancing the absorption of harmful substances; the ceramic ring can also provide excellent breeding and living environments for nitrifying bacteria, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes; the filter cotton is the main filter cotton of the water purification module and is used for filtering excrement and impurities generated by coral, fish and algae in the tank; the coral filter stone can balance calcium content and filter seawater; the live rocky coral reef provides a stable ecological environment for microorganisms, forms a biological chain, can be used for growth of nitrobacteria, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, reduces the content of nitrate and phosphate, and can release organic matters for coral and other microorganisms to take.

Preferably, the water storage volume ratio of the water tank to the water storage tank is 4-5 to 1. According to the invention, the water storage tank is provided with the water purifying module to purify the seawater, and sufficient clean seawater is provided to facilitate the real-time adjustment of water quality, so that the yield and the quality of the hydrazoa hardy coral are ensured.

The present invention further provides a coral product comprising a calcium component and a magnesium component and having a plurality of through-holes; wherein the calcium component comprises calcium, the magnesium component comprises magnesium, and the total weight of metal elements and nonmetal elements in the coral product is taken as a reference, the content of the calcium is greater than or equal to 95 weight percent, the content of the magnesium is less than or equal to 1 weight percent, the metal elements comprise calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and sodium, and the nonmetal elements comprise phosphorus.

In one embodiment, the metallic element comprises lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, iron, manganese, and sodium, and the non-metallic element comprises arsenic, phosphorus, and selenium.

In one aspect, the metallic element comprises lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, iron, manganese, and sodium, and the non-metallic element comprises silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, and selenium.

The listed elements are items to be detected, and are listed as denominators for the total amount calculation, but the coral product of the present invention does not actually contain each listed element.

Preferably, the calcium content is 98-99 wt% based on the total weight of the metal elements and non-metal elements contained in the coral product.

Preferably, the content of magnesium is 0.15 to 0.35 percent by weight based on the total weight of metal elements and non-metal elements contained in the coral product; preferably, the magnesium is present in an amount of 0.19 to 0.35 weight percent. More preferably, the magnesium is present in an amount of 0.2 to 0.22 weight percent, or 0.3 to 0.35 weight percent.

In one embodiment, the coral product further comprises a phosphorus component, and the phosphorus component comprises phosphorus, and the content of phosphorus is 0.005-0.010 wt% based on the total weight of metal elements and non-metal elements contained in the coral product; preferably, the phosphorus content is 0.0065 wt% to 0.008 wt%. More preferably, the phosphorus content is 0.0065 to 0.0076 weight percent, such as: 0.0065 weight percent, 0.0067 weight percent, 0.0070 weight percent, 0.0072 weight percent, 0.0075 weight percent or 0.0076 weight percent.

In one embodiment, the coral product further comprises a potassium component, and the potassium component comprises potassium, and the potassium is present in an amount of 0.015 wt% to 0.030 wt%, based on the total weight of metallic elements and non-metallic elements present in the coral product. Preferably, the potassium content is 0.017 to 0.030 percent by weight; more preferably, the potassium is present in an amount of 0.019 to 0.021 wt% or 0.027 to 0.028 wt%.

In one embodiment, the coral product further comprises an iron component, and the iron component comprises iron, and the iron content is 0.002 wt% to 0.11 wt% based on the total weight of the metal elements and the non-metal elements contained in the coral product. Preferably, the content of iron is 0.0025 to 0.1 weight percent; more preferably, the iron content is 0.0030 to 0.0034 wt%, or 0.095 to 0.098 wt%.

In one embodiment, the coral product further comprises a sodium component, wherein the sodium component comprises sodium, and the sodium content is 0.5 to 2 weight percent based on the total weight of metallic elements and non-metallic elements contained in the coral product; preferably, the sodium content is 1.0 to 1.4 weight percent; more preferably, the sodium content is 1.0 to 1.2% by weight.

In one embodiment, the coral product further comprises a silicon component, wherein the silicon component comprises silicon, and the silicon content is 0.05 to 0.15 wt% based on the total weight of the metal elements and the nonmetal elements contained in the coral product; preferably, the silicon content is 0.07 to 0.12 weight percent; more preferably, the silicon content is 0.09 to 0.1 wt%.

In one embodiment, the coral product contains no detectable arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium, or less than 0.001 wt% to 0 wt%; more preferably, the arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, manganese and selenium are each present in an amount of less than 0.0007 to 0 weight percent.

In one embodiment, the total weight of calcium, sodium and magnesium is greater than or equal to 99.5 weight percent based on the total weight of metallic elements and non-metallic elements contained in the coral product. Preferably, the content of phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.010 percent by weight; the content of potassium is less than or equal to 0.030 percent by weight; the content of iron is less than or equal to 0.11 weight percent; and/or the silicon content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent by weight. More preferably, the silicon content is less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent.

The calcium component can be calcium carbonate (CaCO) ₃ )。

The magnesium component can be magnesium carbonate (MgCO) ₃ )。

In one embodiment, the coral product is processed from the hydrazoa hydranth Corallium japonicum (Small Polyp Stony Corals). The processing may refer to mechanically changing the shape, and/or chemically changing the composition or properties.

In one embodiment, the coral product is a block. The block material is a single object and is not formed by splicing or connecting a plurality of mutually independent objects. Preferably, the coral product is a bone piece. More preferably, the bone pieces substantially comprise calcium carbonate.

Preferably, the coral product has a geometric shape, and the length, width and height of the coral product are 0.2 cm to 12 cm respectively.

In one embodiment, the geometric body is a cuboid and has a length of 0.3 cm to 5 cm; a width of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm; and a height of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm.

In another embodiment, the geometric body is a cube and has a length, width, and height each ranging from 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm.

In yet another embodiment, the geometric body is a sphere and has a diameter of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm.

In yet another embodiment, the geometric body is a cylinder and has a diameter of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm and a height of 0.5 cm to 7 cm, for example: 5 cm.

Preferably, the coral product is in the form of particles and has a particle size of at least 250 microns or greater than 2000 microns; preferably 250 to 5000 microns, for example: 250 microns, 500 microns, 1000 microns, 2000 microns, 3000 microns, 4000 microns, or 5000 microns.

The coral product is obtained by using the coral obtained by the coral culture method or culture system, wherein the coral has coral bones, and processing the coral bones.

Preferably, the through hole has a hole on the surface of the coral bone and a channel inside the coral bone, and the hole is communicated with the channel. More preferably, the plurality of channels are connected to form a complex interconnect. More preferably, the through-hole is formed during the growth of the coral, and is formed by mechanical or chemical means after the coral bone is not obtained.

In one embodiment, the coral product has an average compressive strength of 50 kilograms force (kgf) to 200 kilograms force. Preferably, the coral product has an average compressive strength of 90 to 150 kilograms force, for example: 90. kilogram force, 100 kilogram force, 110 kilogram force, 120 kilogram force, 130 kilogram force, 140 kilogram force or 150 kilogram force. More preferably, the coral product has an average compressive strength of 95 to 110 kilograms force (kgf). The average compressive strength of the invention is the average maximum compressive load.

In one embodiment, the average compressive strength is performed in accordance with ISO 13175-3 (2012). Preferably, the coral goods have an average diameter of 10.1 millimeters (mm), an average height of 15.1 mm, a test speed of 0.50 mm/min per minute, a steel ball diameter of 12.7 mm and/or a Universal Testing Machine (MTS), such as: criterion C43 Universal testing machine.

In one embodiment, the coral article has an average diameter of 0.5 to 1.7 microns. Preferably, the coral article has a mean diameter of the through-holes of 0.7 to 1.2 microns, for example: 0.7 microns, 0.8 microns, 0.9 microns, 1.0 microns, 1.1 microns, or 1.2 microns. More preferably, the coral product has an average diameter of the pores ranging from 0.85 to 1.05 microns.

In one embodiment, the average diameter of the through holes is performed according to ISO 13175-3 (2012). Preferably, the coral product is in the form of granules, for example: powder, and the diameter of the through hole was measured in a 4000-fold magnification field. In other words, after 4000 times of magnification, it is not determined that the through hole is a through hole, and no measurement is performed.

In one embodiment, the coral article has two through holes with an average spacing of 5-10 microns. Preferably, the coral product has an average spacing between the centers of the two through holes of 6 to 9 microns, for example: 6. micron, 7 micron, 8 micron or 9 micron. More preferably, the coral product has an average spacing between the centers of the two through holes of 6.8 to 7.6 microns.

In one embodiment, the coral product has a standard deviation of the spacing between two via centers that is less than 1/2 of the average spacing between two via centers. Preferably, the coral product has a standard deviation of the spacing between two through hole centers of greater than 0 and less than 1/3 of the average spacing between two through hole centers, for example: less than 1/4 or 1/5 of the average distance between the centers of the two through holes.

In one embodiment, the coral product is in a granular form when the average distance between the two through hole centers of the coral product is measured, for example: powder, and the diameter of the via was measured in a 4000-fold magnified field of view. In other words, after 4000 times of magnification, it is not determined to be a through hole and is not measured. Preferably, 10 adjacent through holes are selected in a 4000-fold enlarged field of view, and the diameter of each through hole is larger than 0 micrometer and smaller than or equal to 5 micrometers.

In one embodiment, the coral product has a Crystallinity (Crystallinity) of 79% to 81% and an amorphousness (Amorphous) of 19% to 21%. Preferably, the coral article has a crystallinity of 79.9% and an amorphousness of 20.1%, so that the coral article of the invention has a high proportion of crystals.

The small hydranth hard coral obtained by the culture method grows in an indoor stable circulating system, so that various environmental changes, pollution and infection in outdoor open sea areas do not exist, the size, the density and the components of the obtained coral bone can be accurately controlled and stably normalized, and the problems that the outdoor natural coral bone may contain heavy metal components, the aperture size of communicating holes is not uniform, the holes are not uniformly distributed and the coral is cavitated are solved. In other words, the coral skeleton structure and composition of the small hydranth hard coral of the present invention are different from those of natural coral, and thus have novelty.

In conclusion, the invention provides the stable optimal growth environment and nutrition for the small hydranth hard coral by monitoring the seawater environment in the water tank, and can realize the mass production of the small hydranth hard coral; in addition, the coral culture method is implemented by a coral culture system, so that the obtained coral products have stable and excellent quality.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coral culture system.

Fig. 2A and 2B are photographs of coral.

Fig. 3A to 3C are photographs of coral bone masses.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of a coral bone specimen.

FIG. 5A is a photograph of coral bone powder; FIG. 5B is a 500-fold magnified photograph of coral bone particles; fig. 5C and 5D are 4000-fold enlarged photographs of coral bone particles.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the following examples. Therefore, it is to be understood that the description set forth herein is intended merely to illustrate preferred embodiments and not to limit the scope of the invention, which can be modified and varied to practice or apply the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

Example 1: coral culture

Cultivating coral in indoor glass cultivating tank in closed mode and circulating sea water, i.e. the glass cultivating tank is not communicated with open sea area for direct introduction or discharge of sea water; wherein the seawater is obtained from natural seawater, and is subjected to precipitation purification, and then various parameters of the seawater are adjusted (as described later); wherein the coral comprises beautiful Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, noble Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, simple Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, herba Brachypodae (Dendroronepythya sp.), and sea Corallium japonicum Kishinouye (Dendroronepythya sp.), and is cultured in separate grooves. Kidney shaped true leaf coral, thorn soft coral, sea cockscomb non-small hydranth hard coral for comparison. The coral used in the invention is obtained by artificial cultivation, and is not wild coral.

Firstly, taking a punctate coral fragment from an artificially cultured coral mother plant, wherein the punctate coral fragment comprises calcium carbonate particles and coral, the particle size of the calcium carbonate particles is about 0.2 cm to 0.5 cm, and inoculating and fixing the punctate coral fragment on a cylindrical ceramic substrate or a cement plate to facilitate the growth of the coral fragment; wherein the density of the punctate coral fragments is 50 to 60 per square meter, and the punctate coral fragments leave the seawater only for a short time during inoculation; wherein the coral comprises symbiotic algae.

After the inoculation of the coral fragments is completed, in addition to feeding rotifers for 1 to 3 times per week, the water quality and balance of the circulating seawater are continuously monitored at a frequency of 8 to 12 times per day, and the automatic replenishment and water purification module is set to maintain the circulating seawater at a pH of 7.8 to 8.8, a salinity of 29 to 37ppt, an alkalinity of 7 to 10dKH, a temperature of 20 to 26 ℃, a phosphate concentration of less than 0.03ppm, a nitrate concentration of less than 0.1ppm, a nitrite concentration of less than 0.1ppm, a calcium ion concentration of 430 to 500ppm, and a magnesium ion concentration of 1290 to 1500ppm.

The lower jar of jar is bred to glass is the aqua storage tank, removes to store the clean sea water after the filtration to set up the water purification module, this water purification module includes: biochemical cotton with the aperture of 0.1 mm, biochemical cotton with the aperture of 0.3 mm, ceramic rings with the aperture of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, filter cotton with the aperture of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, coral filter stones and live-stone coral reefs to quickly treat and control the water quality of the circulating seawater. In addition, the floating foam on the surface layer of the circulating seawater is removed by a protein demister so as to reduce organic matters such as protein, amino acid and the like generated by the coral.

Selecting a light emitting diode comprising: 2800K to 3800K white light, 5000K to 6500K white light, 425nm to 435nm blue light and 445nm to 470nm blue light, wherein the light is provided for the symbiotic algae to perform photosynthesis for several times every day, and the total light time is 12 hours. Finally, the amount of filtered water was 5.56 volume percent per minute, based on the total volume of seawater in the glass culture tank (without the lower tank and the pipeline).

Comparative experiment

The following explanation is provided for the parameter setting differences and cultivation results of the respective cultivation conditions, wherein:

o: indicating that the growth of coral was good.

X: indicating death of coral or deterioration of water quality.

: indicating that the coral is in a poor growth condition or has a slow growth rate.

Experiment 1: pH value

The culture conditions of each group of the experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the pH was different, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: cultivation results with different pH values

	7.7	7.8	8.3	8.8	8.9
						Beautiful shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	△
Noble shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	△
						Simple shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	△
Root of Kidney-shaped true leaf coral	△	O	O	X	X

As can be seen from Table 1, the growth of beautiful Axis-hole coral, noble Axis-hole coral and simple Axis-hole coral was most favored when the pH was maintained at 7.8 to 8.8.

Experiment 2: salinity

The culture conditions of each group of the experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the salinity was different, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: cultivation results of different salinity

28ppt

29ppt

30ppt

34ppt

37ppt

38ppt

Beautiful shaft hole coral

X

△

O

△

Noble shaft hole coral

X

△

O

△

Simple shaft hole coral

X

△

O

△

Root of Kidney-shaped true leaf coral

△

O

△

As can be seen from Table 2, beautiful Axis coral, highly noble Axis-hole coral and simple Axis-hole coral grew slowly when the salinity was 29 to 38 ppt; when the salinity is 30-37 ppt, the growth of beautiful shaft-hole corals, noble shaft-hole corals and simple shaft-hole corals is facilitated.

Experiment 3: alkalinity of

The culture conditions of each group of this experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the alkalinity was different, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: cultivation results of different alkalinity

As can be seen from Table 3, the alkalinity maintained at 7dKH to 10dKH was most favorable for the growth of beautiful Axis Corallium, noble Axis Corallium, and simple Axis Corallium.

Experiment 4: temperature of

The culture conditions of each group of the experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the temperature was different, and the results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: cultivation results at different temperatures

	19℃	20℃	23℃	26℃	27℃
						Beautiful shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	X
Noble shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	X
						Simple shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	X
Root of Kidney-shaped true leaf coral	O	O	O	X	X

As can be seen from Table 4, when the temperature was maintained at 20 ℃ to 26 ℃, the growth of beautiful Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, noble Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye and simple Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye was most favored.

Experiment 5: concentration of magnesium ion

The culture conditions of each group of the experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the concentration of magnesium ions was different, and the results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5: cultivation results with different magnesium ion concentrations

	1050ppm	1290ppm	1395ppm	1500ppm	1700ppm
						Beautiful shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	X
Noble shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	X
						Simple shaft hole coral	△	O	O	O	X
Root of spine-ear Wen coral	△	O	O	△	X

As is clear from Table 5, when the concentration of magnesium ions was maintained at 1290ppm to 1500ppm, the growth of beautiful Axis hole coral, noble Axis hole coral and simple Axis hole coral was most facilitated. Further, when the magnesium ion concentration is 1050 ppm, discoloration of beautiful shaft-hole coral, noble shaft-hole coral, and simple shaft-hole coral will occur.

Experiment 6: calcium ion concentration

The culture conditions of each group of the experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the calcium ion concentration was different, and the results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6: cultivation results with different calcium ion concentrations

As is clear from Table 6, when the calcium ion concentration is maintained at 430ppm to 500ppm, the growth of beautiful Axis-hole coral, noble Axis-hole coral and simple Axis-hole coral is most facilitated; wherein, when the calcium ion is 400ppm, the growth rate of beautiful shaft-hole coral, noble shaft-hole coral and simple shaft-hole coral is reduced.

Experiment 7: filtered water quantity

The culture conditions of the groups of this experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the filtration rate, i.e., the amount of water filtered per minute, was different, and the results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7: cultivation results with different filtered water amounts

	2.5％	3％	4％	5.56％
					Beautiful shaft hole coral	X	△	O	O
Noble shaft hole coral	X	△	O	O
					Simple shaft hole coral	X	△	O	O

Note: % is the volume percentage of the filtered water per minute to the total volume of seawater in the glass culture tank (without the lower tank and the pipeline).

As can be seen from Table 7, the growth of beautiful Axis-hole Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, noble Axis-hole Corallium japonicum Kishinouye and simple Axis-hole Corallium japonicum Kishinouye was most favored when the amount of filtered water was 4 to 5.56 volume percent per minute.

Experiment 8: phosphate, nitrate and nitrite concentrations

The culture conditions of each group of this experiment were similar to those of example 1, except that the concentrations of phosphate, nitrate and nitrite were different, and the results are shown in Table 8.

Table 8: cultivation results with different phosphate, nitrate and nitrite concentrations

As is clear from Table 8, when the concentration of phosphate is less than 0.03ppm, the concentration of nitrate is less than 0.5ppm, and the concentration of nitrite is less than 0.1ppm, the growth of beautiful Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, noble Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye and simple Axis Corallium japonicum Kishinouye is most favored.

Experiment 9: water purification module

The culture conditions of all groups of the experiment are similar, the difference is only that the water purification modules are different, and the results are shown in a table 9; wherein, the water purifying module of the group A comprises biochemical cotton, ceramic rings, filter cotton, coral filter stones and live coral reefs; the water purification module of the group B comprises biochemical cotton, ceramic rings, filter cotton, shell sand and a live-stone coral reef.

Table 9: cultivation results of different water purification modules

	Group A	Group B
			Beautiful shaft hole coral	O	△
Noble shaft hole coral	O	△
			Simple shaft hole coral	O	△

As can be seen from Table 9, group A has good filtration effect, so that the growth conditions of beautiful shaft-hole corals, noble shaft-hole corals and simple shaft-hole corals are good; the group B adopts shell sand to replace coral filter stones, and the filtering effect is relatively poor, so that the coral growth speed is not as ideal as the group A.

Experiment 10: bait material

The culture conditions of each group of the experiment are similar, the difference is only that the feeding baits are different, and the results are shown in the table 10; wherein, group C is fed with paramecium; feeding group D with small rotifers and subminiature rotifers; group E was fed with Bdelloid rotifers.

Table 10: cultivation results with different baits

As can be seen from Table 10, the beautiful shaft-hole corals of group C and group D had good growth conditions, and the corals were fertile and beautiful, and the resulting corals were relatively thick and strong; in comparison, the E group of coral with beautiful shaft holes and kidney-shaped coral were relatively poor in growth status, wherein the coral of the coral with beautiful shaft holes was fine and the coral bone was thin. It is known that feeding paramecium, rotifer or ultraminiature rotifer helps the growth of beautiful shaft-hole coral.

Example 2: coral culture system

As shown in fig. 1, a coral culture system 10, comprising: a seawater 110; a water tank 120, the water tank 120 being used for containing the seawater 110, and at least one base 130 being arranged on the bottom surface of the water tank, the at least one base 130 being used for containing a coral 20, and the amount of filtered water being at least 2.6 volume per minute based on the total volume of the seawater 110 in the water tank 120; a light source module 140 for providing illumination to the coral 20 for at least 6 hours each day; a water purifying module 150 for filtering the seawater 110; a defoaming module 160 for removing floating foam of the seawater 110; a pure water supply module 170 for supplying pure water to the seawater 110, and having a water supply port 171; a water storage tank 180 provided with a water inlet 181 and a water outlet 182; wherein the water inlet 181 and the water outlet 182 are respectively connected to the water tank 120 and the water storage tank 180, and the water supply port 171 is connected to the pure water supply module 170 and the water storage tank 180.

The light source module 140 is disposed above the level of the seawater 110.

Preferably, the water storage tank 180 is disposed below the bottom of the water tank 120.

Preferably, the pure water supply module 170 further comprises a pure water inlet control module 172 for opening or closing the water supply port 171, the water supply port 171 is adjacent to the water outlet 182, and the water purification module 150 is accommodated in the water storage tank 180, and the water purification module 150 is adjacent to the water inlet 181.

The seawater is moved by a pumping motor (not shown).

Example 3: coral (coral)

As shown in FIG. 2A, exoskeleton of hard coral and coral worm are visible on the coral branches; as shown in fig. 2B, coral 20 has a body 21 and branches 22.

Example 4: coral products

The coral product of this experiment can be coral bone without chemical modification, and can be coral bone block. As shown in FIG. 3A, the coral skeleton material was a cube, and the length, width and height thereof were 1.3 cm, respectively. As shown in FIG. 3B, the coral bone mass is a rectangular parallelepiped, having a length of 2.5 cm, a width of 1.2 cm, and a height of 1 cm. As shown in FIG. 3C, the coral bone pieces are cylindrical, about 3 cm in height and 2 cm in diameter.

Example 5: metal inspection of coral products

The coral product of this experiment was chemically unmodified coral bone, and was examined by Taiwan inspection science and technology, inc., and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) according to the general rules of the heavy metal examination method as disclosed in Kaishu Kaishi, 1031901169, and the results are shown in Table 11.

Table 11: metal test results of coral products

Detecting items	Test results	Limit of quantification/detection	Unit of
				Arsenic (As)	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Lead (Pb)	Undetected	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
				Cadmium (Cd)	Undetected	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Mercury (Hg)	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
				Copper (Cu)	Undetected	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Calcium (Ca)	297170.8	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
				Phosphorus (P)	20.9	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Magnesium (Mg)	982.6	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
				Potassium (K)	83.2	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Zinc (Zn)	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
				Iron (Fe)	9.6	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Manganese (Mn)	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
				Selenium (Se)	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Sodium (Na)	3547.4	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)

As can be seen from table 11, the coral product of the present invention has test items including arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc, iron, manganese, selenium, and sodium, and based on the total weight of the results obtained from the test items, the calcium content is 98.46141 weight percent, the phosphorus content is 0.006925 weight percent, the magnesium content is 0.325564 weight percent, the potassium content is 0.027567 weight percent, the iron content is 0.003181 weight percent, and the sodium content is 1.175358 weight percent, wherein the contents of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and copper, which are significantly toxic to living things, are not detected, indicating that the coral product of the present invention is safe for use in human body. Finally, selenium was also not detected.

Example 6: analysis of coral products

The coral product of this experiment was chemically unmodified coral bone, and was tested in ultra-micro industrial safety laboratory of taiwan inspection science and technology, ltd, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) according to the certified self-defined method (TEST-UG-0435), and the results are shown in table 12.

Table 12: analysis results of coral product composition

DetectionItem	CAS NO.	Test results	Limit of quantification/detection	Unit
					Arsenic (As)	7440-38-2	Undetected	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Lead (Pb)	7439-92-1	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Mercury (Hg)	7439-97-6	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Cadmium (Cd)	7440-43-9	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Magnesium (Mg)	7439-95-4	807	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Phosphorus (P)	7723-14-0	28.8	10.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Manganese (Mn)	7439-96-5	Undetected	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Zinc (Zn)	7440-66-6	Undetected	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Copper (Cu)	7440-50-8	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Iron (Fe)	7439-89-6	368	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Potassium (K)	7440-09-7	78.1	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
Sodium (Na)	7440-23-5	4110	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Calcium (Ca)	7440-70-2	377000	100	ppm(mg/kg)
Selenium (Se)	7782-49-2	Not detected out	2.0	ppm(mg/kg)
					Silicon (Si)	7440-21-3	367	10.0	ppm(mg/kg)

As can be seen from table 12, the coral product of the present invention has a new addition of silicon in the analysis items compared to example 5, and has a calcium content of 98.49542 wt%, a phosphorus content of 0.007524 wt%, a magnesium content of 0.210838 wt%, a potassium content of 0.020404 wt%, an iron content of 0.096144 wt%, a sodium content of 1.073783 wt%, and a silicon content of 0.095883 wt%, based on the total weight of the results obtained from the analysis items, wherein the contents of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and copper, which are significantly toxic to living things, are not detected, showing that the coral product of the present invention is safe for use in humans. Finally, selenium was also not detected.

Furthermore, as can be seen from the comparison of examples 5 and 6, although the test methods are not necessarily the same, the first three of the coral products of the invention contain the elements in the order of calcium, sodium, and magnesium, and the total weight of calcium, sodium, and magnesium is greater than 99.5 weight percent; wherein calcium accounts for 98.46141 weight percent and 98.49542 weight percent respectively, and is used as main component. Therefore, the coral product of the invention is rich in calcium, namely calcium carbonate, can be used as a raw material for artificially replacing bones, and has market potential.

Example 7: test for compressive Strength

The coral product of this experiment was a coral bone that was not chemically modified, and was used as a test piece, and had an average diameter of 10.1 millimeters (mm) and an average height of 15.1 mm, as shown in FIG. 4. The test is carried out with reference to the provisions of ISO 13175-3 (2012); wherein the test piece is adjusted at 23 + -2 deg.C and relative humidity of 50 + -10% for more than 24 hr. The laboratory conditions were 23. + -. 2 ℃ and the relative humidity 50. + -. 10%. The test speed was 0.50 millimeters per minute (mm/min); the material Testing Machine is MTS Criterion C43 Universal Testing Machine (Universal Testing Machine), and the diameter of the steel ball is 12.7 mm. The total number of test pieces was 10, and the results are shown in Table 13.

Table 13: maximum compressive load (unit: kilogram force (kgf))

Number of	Maximum compressive load (kgf)
		#1	121
#2	122
		#3	211
#4	78.7
		#5	120
#6	82.0
		#7	70.6
#8	98.4
		#9	74.8
#10	36.6
		Average out	102
Standard deviation of	47

As can be seen from table 13, the maximum compressive load of the present invention is 36.6 kgf to 211 kgf, the average maximum compressive load is 102 kgf, and the present invention has excellent maximum compressive load, i.e., excellent compressive strength, and is suitable for being used as a raw material for artificial bone replacement.

Example 8: analysis of through hole diameter

The coral product of this experiment was non-chemically modified coral bone, and the test sample was in the form of a white powder with an average particle diameter of about 250 microns, as shown in FIG. 5A. The test was performed according to the specification of ISO 13175-3 (2012), and through-hole observation was performed using a scanning electron microscope, and the diameter thereof was measured (brand: topcon; model: SM-300), wherein 500 times enlargement of a single powder was as shown in fig. 5B, and a circle-taking place was enlarged to 4000 times, and the Z-axis of the shooting angle was 0 degree as shown in fig. 5C, and 10 through-holes were arbitrarily selected to measure the diameter as shown in fig. 5D, and the results are as shown in table 14.

Table 14: through hole diameter (unit: micrometer (mum))

Numbering	Diameter of through hole (mum)
		#1	1.245
#2	0.805
		#3	0.815
#4	1.114
		#5	1.401
#6	0.761
		#7	0.805
#8	0.660
		#9	0.510
#10	1.637
		Average out	0.975
Standard deviation of	0.359

As can be seen from Table 14, even after grinding the coral products of the present invention into fine powder, in the 4000-fold enlarged view of FIG. 5C, it can be observed that calcium carbonate secreted from the coral worms are connected and stacked to each other in the form of particles, and form the through-holes 23A, 23B as shown in FIG. 5C, and have a diameter of 0.510 to 1.637 microns and an average through-hole diameter of 0.975 microns. Since the through holes are observed on the surface of the ground particles, the coral bone without chemical modification of the present invention has a complex interconnection. Therefore, when the non-chemically modified coral bone is used in human body, the intraconnection channels will facilitate the circulation of active matter and nutrients and thus promote bone repair.

Example 9: deviation of uniformity of through-hole

Next, in example 7, the center-to-center distance between two through holes of the above 10 through holes was further measured under the same 4000-fold magnification, and the results are shown in table 15.

Table 15: center-to-center spacing of two vias (unit: micrometer (mum))

As can be seen from table 15, the average value of the center-to-center distances between the two through holes of the coral skeleton not chemically modified in the present invention is 7.228 micrometers, and the standard deviation is only 1.331 micrometers, which shows that the dispersion degree of the center-to-center distances between the two through holes of the coral skeleton not chemically modified in the present invention is low, i.e., the coral skeleton not chemically modified in the present invention has a uniform distribution, and it is determined that the coral culture method of the present invention provides a stable growth environment for the hard small hydranth coral, so that the coral can stably grow to form uniformly distributed holes.

Example 10: characterization of crystal phase

The coral product of this experiment was chemically unmodified coral bone, the test sample was also powder as in example 7, and was subjected to crystal phase characterization in accordance with the specification of ISO 13175-3 (2012), using a multifunctional micro-area X-ray Diffraction (XRD) (brand: bruker; model: D8 Discover) with a scan angle in the range of 2 θ from 20 ° to 80 °.

The results of the qualitative test of the crystal phase were that the Crystallinity (Crystallinity) was 79.9% and the amorphousness (amophorus) was 20.1%, and it was confirmed that the non-chemically modified coral bone of the present invention had a high proportion of crystals, i.e., highly ordered regions, contributing to the improvement of mechanical strength.

In conclusion, the culture method can be used for effectively producing the small hydranth hard coral, belongs to an indoor culture method, eliminates the doubt that the small hydranth hard coral is polluted by the sea, and the obtained coral bone components which are not chemically modified do not contain heavy metals, has excellent maximum compression load, complicated internal communicating pipes and low hole uniformity deviation, is beneficial to commodity standardization, can be applied to the high-standard medical field, and has high market potential.

The above embodiments are merely examples for convenience of description, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention; it is intended that all such alterations, modifications, and other changes which come within the spirit of the invention be embraced by the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A coral culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

providing a water tank, wherein the water tank is used for accommodating seawater which comprises calcium ions and magnesium ions;

an inoculation step comprising: placing a coral on a base, wherein the base is placed in the water tank;

a culturing step comprising: maintaining the seawater at a pH of 7.8 to 8.8, a salinity of 29 to 37ppt, a alkalinity of 7 to 10dKH, a temperature of 20 to 26 ℃, a concentration of the calcium ions of 430 to 500ppm, and a concentration of the magnesium ions of 1290 to 1500ppm;

a bait feeding step comprising: providing a coral bait material;

an illumination step, comprising: providing a light source for the coral, wherein the illumination time is at least 6 hours per day; and

a decontamination step comprising removing froth from the seawater and filtering the seawater, the amount of filtered water being at least 2.6 volume percent per minute, based on the total volume of seawater in the tank;

wherein the coral is a Small hydranth hard coral (Small Polyp Stony coral).

2. The coral culture method of claim 1, wherein the coral is selected from the group consisting of: beautiful shaft-hole coral (Acropora fortmosa), noble shaft-hole coral (Acropora nobilis), simple shaft-hole coral (Acropora astere), valenciensis (Acropora valeneninenesis), furcate shaft-hole coral (Acropora pulchra), lobular shaft-hole coral (Acropora microphtha), intermediate shaft-hole coral (Acropora internedia), and Fozhou shaft-hole coral (Acropora florida).

3. The coral culture method of claim 1, wherein the coral is a coral fragment, the coral fragment comprises calcium carbonate fragments and coral worms, and the calcium carbonate fragments have a length of 0.2 cm to 4 cm; the base comprises a ceramic substrate; the seawater comprises phosphate, nitrate and nitrite, and the concentration of the phosphate is maintained to be less than 0.03ppm, the concentration of the nitrate is maintained to be less than 0.5ppm, and the concentration of the nitrite is maintained to be less than 0.1ppm; and the bait comprises any one or the combination of rotifer and paramecium.

4. A coral culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said amount of filtered water is 2.6 to 8.6 vol.% per minute based on the total volume of seawater in said tank.

5. A coral culture system, comprising:

a seawater comprising calcium ions and magnesium ions, wherein the seawater has a pH of 7.8 to 8.8, a salinity of 29 to 37ppt, an alkalinity of 7 to 10dKH, a temperature of 20 to 26 ℃, a concentration of 430 to 500ppm for the calcium ions, and a concentration of 1290 to 1500ppm for the magnesium ions;

a water tank, the water tank is used for containing the seawater, at least one base is arranged on the bottom surface of the water tank, the at least one base is used for containing a coral, and the volume of the filtered water is at least 2.6 volume percent per minute on the basis of the total volume of the seawater in the water tank;

a light source module for providing illumination to the coral for at least 6 hours every day;

a water purification module for filtering the seawater;

a defoaming module for removing floating foam of the seawater;

a pure water supply module for supplying pure water to the seawater and having a water supply port; and

the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively communicated with the water tank and the water storage tank, and the water supply port is communicated with the pure water supply module and the water storage tank.

6. The coral culture system of claim 5, wherein the ratio of the volume of water held by the tank to the volume of water held by the reservoir is from 4 to 5 to 1; and the water purification module comprises biochemical cotton, a ceramic ring, filter cotton, coral filter stones and a live-stone coral reef.

7. A coral product obtained by using the coral culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the coral culture system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the coral has coral bones, and the coral bones are processed.

8. A coral article comprising a calcium component and a magnesium component and having a plurality of through-holes; wherein the calcium component comprises calcium, the magnesium component comprises magnesium, the content of calcium is greater than or equal to 95 weight percent, the content of magnesium is less than or equal to 1 weight percent, the metal elements comprise calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and sodium, and the nonmetal elements comprise phosphorus, based on the total weight of the metal elements and the nonmetal elements contained in the coral product; and the coral product is processed from hydranth hard coral (Small Polyp Stony coral).

9. The coral article of claim 8, wherein the coral article is in a geometric shape and has a length, width and height of from 0.2 cm to 12 cm.

10. The coral article of claim 9, wherein said geometric body is a cube and has a length, width and height of from 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm each.

11. The coral article of claim 9, wherein said geometric body is a rectangular parallelepiped and has a length of from 0.3 cm to 5 cm; a width of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm; and a height of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm.

12. The coral article of claim 9, wherein the geometric bodies are cylindrical and have a diameter of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm and a height of 0.5 cm to 7 cm.

13. The coral article of claim 8, wherein the coral article has a standard deviation of the spacing between the centers of two through holes of less than 1/2 of the average spacing between the centers of two through holes.

14. The coral article of claim 8, wherein the coral article has an average compressive strength of from 50 kilograms force (kgf) to 200 kilograms force; the coral product has a mean diameter of the pores ranging from 0.5 to 1.7 microns; the average distance between the centers of the two through holes of the coral product is 5-10 microns; and the coral product has a Crystallinity (Crystallinity) of 79% to 81% and amorphousness (amophorus) of 19% to 21%.