CN115191204A - Translation formula field seedling management liquid manure medicine integration variable spraying device - Google Patents
Translation formula field seedling management liquid manure medicine integration variable spraying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115191204A CN115191204A CN202210889837.0A CN202210889837A CN115191204A CN 115191204 A CN115191204 A CN 115191204A CN 202210889837 A CN202210889837 A CN 202210889837A CN 115191204 A CN115191204 A CN 115191204A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/001—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders
- A01C23/002—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders provided with auxiliary arrangements, e.g. pumps, agitators, cutters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a translation type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device, which comprises a translation type carrying mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a fertilizer-pesticide supply mechanism and a variable spraying mechanism, wherein the translation type carrying mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the translation type carrying mechanism; the translational carrying mechanism comprises a carrying platform, a sprinkling irrigation carrying beam and a translational driving mechanism; the water supply mechanism comprises a water source, a water supply pipe and a water supply pump, wherein one end of the water supply pipe extends to the water source; the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanism is arranged on the carrying platform and comprises a storage barrel, a fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe and a fertilizer and pesticide conveying pump, wherein one end of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe is communicated with the storage barrel, and the other end of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe is communicated with a water supply pipe in a converging manner; the variable spraying mechanism comprises a spraying pipe, a spraying pump and a plurality of spray heads, one end of the spraying pipe is communicated with a fertilizer conveying pipe or a water supply pipe, and the other end of the spraying pipe is communicated with the plurality of spray heads. The invention can perform large-width and large-scale seedling field management work and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, accurate and adjustable water fertilizer and pesticide spraying amount and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural spraying device, in particular to a translation type water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device for field seedling management.
Background
At present, the rice is planted mostly in a transplanting mode, and the transplanted rice seedlings in south are mainly raised in the field and then transplanted into formal paddy fields. The existing field management during seedling growth, particularly the management of water fertilizer and pesticide, is mainly manual, and has the problems of uneven application amount, high labor intensity, serious waste of chemical fertilizer and pesticide and the like.
Therefore, some automatic seedling raising fertilizer and pesticide spraying devices have been proposed in the prior art, such as seedling raising green field equipment capable of realizing wide automatic watering work, a seedling raising pesticide spraying device based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a self-propelled water and fertilizer and pesticide integrated spraying device for greenhouse seedling raising aiming at small-width work.
However, the equipment cannot meet the requirements of irrigation, fertilization and pesticide application at the same time, and the large-width multi-unit variable water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated operation in a field seedling raising environment is more difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing problems and provides a translation type water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device for field seedling management, which can perform large-width and large-scale seedling raising work and has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, accurate and adjustable water-fertilizer-pesticide spraying amount and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a translation type water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device for field seedling management comprises a translation type carrying and leveling mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a fertilizer-pesticide supply mechanism and a variable spraying mechanism;
the translational carrying mechanism comprises a carrying platform, a sprinkling irrigation carrying beam and a translational driving mechanism; the translational driving mechanism comprises two groups of walking components which are used for walking on two opposite sides of the rice seedling bed, and two ends of the sprinkling irrigation carrying beam are arranged on the two groups of walking components; the carrying platform is arranged on the walking assembly;
the water supply mechanism comprises a water source, a water supply pipe and a water supply pump arranged on the water supply pipe, wherein one end of the water supply pipe extends to the water source;
the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanism is arranged on the carrying platform and comprises a storage barrel for storing fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid, a fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe for conveying the fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid and a fertilizer and pesticide conveying pump arranged on the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe, wherein one end of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe is communicated with the storage barrel, and the other end of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe is communicated with a water supply pipe in a converging manner;
variable spraying mechanism is including spouting application pipe, setting spraying pump and a plurality of shower nozzle on the spraying pipe, the one end and the fertile medicine conveyer pipe or the delivery pipe intercommunication of spouting application pipe, the other end extends and communicates with a plurality of shower nozzles along the length direction of sprinkling irrigation delivery beam.
The working principle of the translational type water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device for field seedling management is as follows:
when the seedling bed is in work, the translation driving mechanism is started firstly, and the walking component is driven to move along the side length direction of the seedling bed; meanwhile, water is extracted from a water source through a water supply pipe, and fertilizer liquid or liquid medicine is extracted from a storage barrel through a fertilizer and medicine conveying pipe, and the water and the fertilizer liquid or the liquid medicine are mixed at a junction, so that the integrated conveying of the water, the fertilizer and the medicine is realized. Then the mixed liquid is conveyed to the spray head through the spraying pipe and then sprayed to the rice seedlings through the spray head, thereby realizing large-width and large-scale rice seedling water and fertilizer (pesticide) integrated spraying operation.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the translational carrying mechanism further includes a rail, and the traveling assembly travels on the rail.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water source is formed by a canal or a river arranged at the side of the seedling bed, and the length direction of the canal or the river is parallel to the moving direction of the translational carrying mechanism; the other end of the water supply pipe extends into the ditch. Like this, can regard ditch or river as the water source, need not to be equipped with large-scale water tank, remove the runnability good, can realize long distance, wide operation by a wide margin under the even accurate prerequisite of guaranteeing liquid manure medicine variable spraying module spraying, improve the operating efficiency.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the storage barrel is provided with a stirring structure and a liquid level sensor, and an outlet of the storage barrel is provided with an electromagnetic valve.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pipe is provided with a check valve and a flow meter for calculating the flow rate, so as to realize real-time detection of the flow rates of the fertilizer liquid and the pesticide liquid and prevent the mixed liquid from flowing backwards to pollute the fertilizer liquid and the pesticide liquid stock solution.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanisms are provided with at least two groups, and the other ends of the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pipes of the two groups of fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanisms are communicated with the water supply pipe through the same three-way pipe. Through setting up at least two sets of fertilizer medicine feed mechanism, can add different fertilizer or liquid medicine, the spraying is carried out in unison, can improve spraying efficiency.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the spraying and applying pipe comprises a spraying main pipe, a spraying branch pipe and a middle transition pipe;
the spraying branch pipes and the middle transition pipes are respectively provided with a plurality of branch pipes, one ends of the middle transition pipes are uniformly connected to the spraying main pipe along the extending direction of the spraying main pipe, and the other ends of the middle transition pipes are respectively communicated with the spraying branch pipes; at least two spray heads are arranged on the same spraying branch pipe; and the middle transition pipe is provided with an electric ball valve. Through the structure, not only can a wide spraying range be obtained, but also the spraying amount on different spraying branch pipes can be controlled, so that variable spraying can be carried out according to actual conditions.
Further, a plurality of pressure transmitters and electromagnetic flowmeters are arranged on the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipes and used for detecting the real-time pressure and flow of the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipes in real time.
Furthermore, the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipes are respectively provided with a reducing pipeline, so that the inlet flow of each spraying branch pipe is consistent and the spraying amount of the spray head is consistent when the sprinkling machine works.
Furthermore, the shower nozzle adopts V type wide angle fan-shaped shower nozzle, and the installation interval of this shower nozzle is 0.9m.
Furthermore, the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipe are formed by connecting at least two sections of splicing pipes, and the two adjacent splicing pipes are fixedly connected through movable joints, so that the device can be quickly mounted and dismounted. The relative angle of the movable joint on the spraying branch pipe is adjusted, so that the included angle between the spraying operation surface of the spray head and the ground plane can be adjusted and controlled within the range of 70-90 degrees.
Furthermore, the spraying branch pipe is fixedly arranged on a support of the sprinkling irrigation carrying beam through an adjustable pipe hoop, and the spraying height of the sprayer can be adjusted within the range of 1.0-1.2 m by adjusting the relative height of the pipe hoop and the support.
The invention also comprises a filtering mechanism, wherein the filtering mechanism comprises a fertilizer and pesticide filter and a water quality filter, and the fertilizer and pesticide filter is arranged on the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe;
the water quality filter is arranged on the water supply pipe.
Further, the water quality filter comprises a centrifugal filter and a lamination filter.
The invention also comprises a central control system, wherein the central control system comprises a human-computer interaction interface used as an upper computer, a programmable logic controller used as a lower computer, an analog quantity conversion module, a relay, a frequency converter and a power supply circuit;
the central control system is electrically connected with the liquid level sensor, the flowmeter, the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pump, the stirring structure, the electromagnetic valve, the water supply pump, the spraying pump and the electric ball valve.
Further, the human-computer interaction touch interface comprises a login interface, an operation monitoring interface, a grade calibration interface, a fertilizer and drug formula interface and a data log interface;
the login interface is used for setting password login and personnel management by a user; (ii) a
The operation monitoring interface is used for adjusting the operation parameters of the field equipment by a user and monitoring the operation conditions of each execution device and each monitoring device;
the grade calibration interface is used for calibrating the water, fertilizer and pesticide spraying grades of the rice seedling raising unit, and the grades are Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively, and the opening degrees of the electric ball valves 406 are respectively 50 degrees, 70 degrees and 90 degrees;
the fertilizer and pesticide formula interface is used for setting the water, fertilizer and pesticide formula ratio of various crops in different irrigation periods so as to meet the requirement of adding the fertilizer and pesticide for irrigation in different operations;
and the data log interface is used for calling and inquiring the current operation record.
Further, a water, fertilizer and pesticide demand histogram of a seedling raising field is obtained and processed through a central control system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology (or a farmland information rapid acquisition device), spraying levels of all seedling raising units are automatically calibrated through an upper computer, current crop fertilizer demand or pesticide spraying ratio values are set, indexes of fertilizer application and pesticide spraying amount are issued, and meanwhile water consumption, fertilizer application amount and pesticide consumption amount are counted;
when variable spraying operation is carried out, the central control system acquires the calibration value data of the current seedling raising operation line in real time, and the real-time spraying grade data is converted into current analog quantity by using the digital-to-analog conversion module, so that the central control system can regulate and control the opening of each branch electric ball valve in real time, and the rapid measurement and regulation of accurate spraying flow are realized;
starting the translation driving mechanism to drive the walking assembly to move along the side length direction of the rice seedling bed;
drawing water from a water source through a water supply pipe;
extracting fertilizer liquid or liquid medicine in a storage barrel through a fertilizer and medicine conveying pipe; when fertilizer mixing or pesticide mixing is needed, under the control of an upper computer and a lower computer, according to the flow of a spraying main pipe monitored by an electromagnetic flowmeter, and simultaneously with reference to the water-fertilizer-pesticide ratio set by the upper computer, the input voltage of a fertilizer-pesticide delivery pump is changed under the regulation and control of a PID algorithm so as to change the rotating speed of the fertilizer-pesticide delivery pump, and fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid with corresponding amount is injected into a water supply pipe for mixing, so that constant-ratio fertilizer injection and pesticide injection under dynamic flow are realized;
the mixed liquid is conveyed to the spray head through the spraying branch pipe, and then the spraying is carried out on the seedlings through the spray head, so that the large-width and large-scale seedling water fertilizer or water-medicine spraying operation is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a translation type water-fertilizer-pesticide variable spraying device for field seedling management. The device can carry out the demand histogram after seedling water manure medicine demand information gathers fast according to unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technique (or farmland information quick acquisition device), develops water manure medicine variable spraying, reducible pesticide and chemical fertilizer application amount, guarantees seedling quality, and water conservation and labour saving.
(2) The invention adopts the PID self-tuning technology and the variable spraying technology based on the PLC, can follow the principle of 'light disease, small amount of severe disease, large amount of disease' and the like according to the condition difference of diseases, insect pests and weeds of different seedling raising units, is accurately positioned in the operation process, can automatically realize 'fixed-ratio mixing and variable spraying' operation according to the spraying grade, improves the operation efficiency, simultaneously realizes visual operation, and has high automation and intelligence degree.
(3) The invention can use a canal or a river as a water source, does not need to be provided with a large water tank, has good mobile operation performance, can realize long-distance and wide-range operation on the premise of ensuring uniform and accurate spraying of the variable spraying mechanism, and improves the operation efficiency.
(4) The invention can be suitable for crop objects including but not limited to rice, wheat, soybean, rape, tomato, leek and green vegetables by adjusting the flow, the spraying height of the spray head and the spraying angle, and has strong universality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the actual use structure of the translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the water supply mechanism and the fertilizer agent supply mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the variable spraying mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spraying grade division of the seedling raising unit of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the spraying grade of the seedling raising unit and the opening degree of the ball valve.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the working principle of the translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art understand the technical solutions of the present invention well, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the horizontal-moving type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device of the embodiment comprises a horizontal-moving type carrying mechanism 1, a water supply mechanism 2, a fertilizer-pesticide supply mechanism 3, a variable spraying mechanism 4, a filtering mechanism and a central control system 5.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the translational carrying mechanism 1 comprises a carrying platform 1-1, a sprinkling irrigation carrying beam 1-2 and a translational driving mechanism for driving the carrying platform 1-1 and the sprinkling irrigation carrying beam 1-2 to move; the translational driving mechanism comprises two groups of walking components 1-3 which are used for walking on two opposite sides of the rice seedling bed, and two ends of the spray irrigation carrying beam 1-2 are arranged on the two groups of walking components 1-3; the carrying platform 1-1 is arranged on the walking assembly 1-3; the translation type carrying mechanism 1 further comprises tracks 1-4, and the walking assembly walks on the tracks 1-4.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the water supply mechanism 2 includes a water source 2-1, a water supply pipe 2-2, and a water supply pump 2-3 provided on the water supply pipe 2-2, one end of the water supply pipe 2-2 extending to the water source 2-1; wherein, the water source 2-1 is composed of a water channel arranged at the side of the rice seedling bed, and the length direction of the water channel is parallel to the moving direction of the translational carrying mechanism 1; the other end of the water supply pipe 2-2 extends into a ditch or a river. Therefore, the water channel or river can be used as a water source 2-1, a large water tank is not required to be arranged, the moving operation performance is good, long-distance and wide-range operation can be realized on the premise of ensuring uniform and accurate spraying of the water, fertilizer and pesticide variable spraying module, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanism 3 is arranged on a carrying platform 1-1, the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanism 3 comprises a storage barrel 3-1 for storing fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid, a fertilizer and pesticide delivery pipe 3-2 for delivering the fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid, and a fertilizer and pesticide delivery pump 3-3 arranged on the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pipe 3-2, one end of the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pipe 3-2 is communicated with the storage barrel 3-1, and the other end is communicated with a water supply pipe 2-2; the storage barrel 3-1 is provided with a stirring structure 3-4 and a liquid level sensor, and an outlet of the storage barrel 3-1 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 3-5.
Further, a check valve 3-6 and a flow meter 3-7 used for calculating the flow are arranged on the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe 3-2, so that the flow of the fertilizer liquid and the liquid pesticide can be detected in real time, and the mixed liquid is prevented from flowing backwards to pollute the fertilizer liquid and the liquid pesticide stock solution.
Further, the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanisms 3 are at least provided with two groups, and the other ends of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipes 3-2 of the two groups of fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanisms 3 are communicated with a water supply pipe 2-2 through the same three-way pipe. Through setting up at least two sets of fertilizer medicine feed mechanism 3, can add different fertile liquid or liquid medicine, the spraying is carried out in unison, can improve spraying efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the variable spraying mechanism 4 includes a spraying pipe, a spraying pump disposed on the spraying pipe, and a plurality of spray heads 4-1, one end of the spraying pipe is communicated with a fertilizer delivery pipe 3-2 or a water supply pipe 2-2, and the other end extends along the length direction of the spray irrigation carrying beam 1-2 and is communicated with the plurality of spray heads 4-1. Further, the spraying pipe comprises a main spraying pipe 4-2, a branch spraying pipe 4-3 and a middle transition pipe 4-4; the spraying branch pipes 4-3 and the middle transition pipes 4-4 are respectively provided with a plurality of branch pipes, one ends of the middle transition pipes 4-4 are uniformly connected to the spraying main pipe 4-2 along the extending direction of the spraying main pipe 4-2, and the other ends of the middle transition pipes are respectively communicated with the spraying branch pipes 4-3; at least two spray heads 4-1 are arranged on the same spraying branch pipe 4-3; and an electric ball valve 4-5 is arranged on the middle transition pipe 4-4. By the structure, not only can a wide spraying range be obtained, but also the spraying amount on different spraying branch pipes 4-3 can be controlled, so that variable spraying can be carried out according to actual conditions.
Furthermore, the spraying main pipe 4-2 and the spraying branch pipe 4-3 are respectively provided with a plurality of pressure transmitters 4-8 and electromagnetic flow meters 4-7 for detecting the real-time pressure and flow of the spraying main pipe 4-2 and the spraying branch pipe 4-3 in real time.
Furthermore, the spraying main pipe 4-2 and the spraying branch pipes 4-3 both adopt reducing pipelines, so that the inlet flow of each spraying branch pipe 4-3 is consistent and the spraying amount of the spray head 4-1 is consistent during the operation of the sprinkling machine.
Further, the spray head 4-1 adopts a V-shaped wide-angle fan-shaped spray head 4-1, and the installation distance of the spray head 4-1 is 0.9m.
Further, the spraying main pipe 4-2 and the spraying branch pipe 4-3 are formed by connecting at least two sections of splicing pipes, and the adjacent two splicing pipes are fixedly connected through a movable joint, so that the device can be quickly mounted and dismounted. The included angle between the spraying operation surface of the spray head 4-1 and the ground plane can be adjusted and controlled within the range of 70-90 degrees by adjusting the relative rotation angle of the movable joint on the spraying branch pipe 4-3
Furthermore, the spraying branch pipe 4-3 is fixedly arranged on the bracket 1-2-1 of the spray irrigation carrying beam 1-2 through an adjustable pipe hoop 4-6, and the spraying height of the spray head 4-1 can be adjusted within the range of 1.0-1.2 m by adjusting the relative height of the pipe hoop 4-6 and the bracket 1-2-1.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the filtering mechanism comprises a fertilizer filter 3-8 and a water filter, and the fertilizer filter 3-8 is arranged on the fertilizer conveying pipe 3-2; the water quality filter is arranged on the water supply pipe 2-2.
Further, the water quality filter comprises a centrifugal filter 2-4 and a laminated filter 2-5.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the central control system 5 includes a human-computer interaction interface as an upper computer, a programmable logic controller as a lower computer, an analog quantity conversion module, a relay, a frequency converter and a power supply line; the central control system 5 is electrically connected with the liquid level sensor, the flow meter 3-7, the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pump 3-3, the stirring structure 3-4, the electromagnetic valve 3-5, the water supply pump 2-3, the spraying pump and the electric ball valve 4-5.
Referring to fig. 4-5, the human-computer interaction touch interface comprises a login interface, an operation monitoring interface, a grade calibration interface, a fertilizer and drug formula interface and a data log interface; the login interface is used for a user to set a password for login; the operation monitoring interface is used for adjusting the operation parameters of the field equipment by a user and monitoring the operation condition of each executing and monitoring equipment;
the grade calibration interface is used for calibrating the spraying grades of water, fertilizer and pesticide of the rice seedling raising unit, and the grades are respectively Q1, Q2 and Q3, and the opening degrees of the electric ball valves are respectively 50 degrees, 70 degrees and 90 degrees from 4 to 5; the fertilizer and pesticide formula interface is used for setting the water, fertilizer and pesticide formula ratio values of various crops in different irrigation periods so as to meet the fertilizer and pesticide adding requirements of different operations; and the data log interface is used for calling and inquiring the past operation record.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the water and fertilizer and pesticide integrated variable spraying method for translational seedling management of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the water, fertilizer and pesticide demand histogram of the seedling raising field is obtained and processed through the central control system 5 based on the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology (or a farmland information rapid acquisition device), the spraying grade of each seedling raising unit is automatically calibrated through the upper computer, the current crop fertilizer demand or pesticide spraying ratio is set, the indexes of fertilizer application and pesticide spraying amount are given, and meanwhile, the water consumption, the fertilizer application amount and the pesticide consumption amount are counted.
When variable spraying operation is carried out, the central control system 5 acquires the calibration value data of the current seedling raising operation line in real time, and the real-time spraying grade data is converted into current analog quantity by using the digital-to-analog conversion module, so that the central control system 5 regulates and controls the opening of each branch electric ball valve 4-5 in real time, and the accurate spraying flow rate is rapidly measured and regulated.
And starting the translation driving mechanism to drive the walking components 1-3 to move along the side length direction of the rice seedling bed.
Water is drawn from the water source 2-1 through the water supply pipe 2-2.
Pesticide or fertilizer is extracted from the storage barrel 3-1 through the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe 3-2; when fertilizer or pesticide mixing is needed, under the control of an upper computer and a lower computer, according to the flow of 4-2 of a spraying main pipe monitored by an electromagnetic flowmeter 4-7, and with reference to the water-fertilizer-pesticide ratio set by the upper computer, the input voltage of a fertilizer-pesticide delivery pump 3-3 is changed under the regulation and control of a PID algorithm so as to change the rotating speed of the fertilizer-pesticide delivery pump, and fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid with a corresponding amount is injected into a water supply pipe 2-2 for mixing, so that constant-ratio fertilizer injection and pesticide injection under dynamic flow are realized.
The mixed liquid is conveyed to the spray head 4-1 through the spraying pipe, and then the rice seedlings are sprayed through the spray head 4-1, so that long-distance, large-width and large-scale rice seedling spraying operation is realized.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A translation type water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device for field seedling management is characterized by comprising a translation type carrying mechanism, a water supply mechanism, a fertilizer-pesticide supply mechanism and a variable spraying mechanism;
the translational carrying mechanism comprises a carrying platform, a sprinkling irrigation carrying beam and a translational driving mechanism; the translational driving mechanism comprises two groups of walking components which are used for walking on two opposite sides of the rice seedling bed, and two ends of the sprinkling irrigation carrying beam are arranged on the two groups of walking components; the carrying platform is arranged on the walking assembly;
the water supply mechanism comprises a water source, a water supply pipe and a water supply pump arranged on the water supply pipe, wherein one end of the water supply pipe extends to the water source;
the fertilizer and pesticide supply mechanism is arranged on the carrying platform and comprises a storage barrel for storing fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid, a fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe for conveying the fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid and a fertilizer and pesticide conveying pump arranged on the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe, wherein one end of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe is communicated with the storage barrel, and the other end of the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe is communicated with a water supply pipe in a converging manner;
variable spraying mechanism is including spouting application pipe, setting spraying pump and a plurality of shower nozzle on the spraying pipe, the one end and the fertile medicine conveyer pipe or the delivery pipe intercommunication of spouting application pipe, the other end extends and communicates with a plurality of shower nozzles along the length direction of sprinkling irrigation delivery beam.
2. The translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water source is composed of a water channel arranged at the side of the seedling bed, and the length direction of the water channel is parallel to the moving direction of the translational type carrying mechanism; the other end of the water supply pipe extends into the ditch.
3. The translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a stirring structure and a liquid level sensor are arranged on the storage barrel, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged at an outlet of the storage barrel;
and a check valve and a flow meter for calculating the flow are arranged on the fertilizer and pesticide conveying pipe.
4. The translation type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein at least two groups of fertilizer-pesticide supply mechanisms are provided, and the other ends of the fertilizer-pesticide delivery pipes of the two groups of fertilizer-pesticide supply mechanisms are communicated with a water supply pipe through the same three-way pipe.
5. The translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying pipes comprise a main spraying pipe, branch spraying pipes and a middle transition pipe;
the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipe both adopt reducing pipelines;
the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipe are respectively provided with a plurality of pressure transmitters and electromagnetic flowmeters for detecting the real-time pressure and flow of the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipe in real time;
the spraying branch pipes and the middle transition pipes are respectively provided with a plurality of branch pipes, one ends of the middle transition pipes are uniformly connected to the spraying main pipe along the extending direction of the spraying main pipe, and the other ends of the middle transition pipes are respectively communicated with the spraying branch pipes; at least two spray heads are arranged on the same spraying branch pipe;
and the middle transition pipe is provided with an electric ball valve.
6. The translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spraying main pipe and the spraying branch pipe are formed by connecting at least two sections of splicing pipes, and two adjacent splicing pipes are fixedly connected through a movable joint;
the spraying branch pipe is fixedly arranged on a support of the sprinkling irrigation carrying beam through an adjustable pipe hoop.
7. The translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a filtering mechanism, wherein the filtering mechanism comprises a fertilizer-pesticide filter and a water quality filter, the fertilizer-pesticide filter is arranged on the fertilizer-pesticide conveying pipe, and the water quality filter is arranged on a water supply pipe.
8. The horizontal-moving type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a central control system, wherein the central control system comprises a human-computer interaction interface as an upper computer, a programmable logic controller as a lower computer, an analog conversion module, a relay, a frequency converter and a power supply line;
the central control system is electrically connected with the liquid level sensor, the flow meter, the fertilizer and pesticide delivery pump, the stirring structure, the electromagnetic valve, the water supply pump, the spraying pump and the electric ball valve.
9. The translational type field seedling management water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the human-computer interaction touch interface comprises a login interface, an operation monitoring interface, a grade calibration interface, a fertilizer-pesticide formula interface and a data log interface;
the login interface is used for setting password login and personnel management by a user;
the operation monitoring interface is used for adjusting the operation parameters of the field equipment by a user and monitoring the operation conditions of each execution device and each monitoring device;
the grade calibration interface is used for calibrating the water, fertilizer and pesticide spraying grades of the rice seedling raising unit, and the grades are Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively, and the opening degrees of the electric ball valves are respectively 50 degrees, 70 degrees and 90 degrees;
the fertilizer and pesticide formula interface is used for setting the water, fertilizer and pesticide formula ratio values of various crops in different irrigation periods so as to meet the fertilizer and pesticide adding requirements of different operations;
and the data log interface is used for calling and inquiring the current operation record.
10. The horizontal moving type field seedling management water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated variable spraying device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that a seedling raising field water, fertilizer and pesticide demand histogram is obtained and processed through a central control system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology or a farmland information rapid acquisition device, spraying levels of seedling raising units are automatically calibrated through an upper computer, current crop fertilizer demand or pesticide spraying ratio values are set, indexes of fertilizer application and pesticide spraying amount are given, and meanwhile water consumption, fertilizer application amount and pesticide consumption amount are counted;
when variable spraying operation is carried out, the central control system acquires the calibration value data of the current seedling raising operation line in real time, and the real-time spraying grade data is converted into current analog quantity by using the digital-to-analog conversion module, so that the central control system can regulate and control the opening of each branch electric ball valve in real time, and the rapid measurement and regulation of accurate spraying flow are realized;
starting the translation driving mechanism to drive the walking assembly to move along the side length direction of the rice seedling bed;
drawing water from a water source through a water supply pipe;
extracting fertilizer liquid or liquid medicine in a storage barrel through a fertilizer and medicine conveying pipe; when fertilizer mixing or pesticide mixing is needed, under the control of an upper computer and a lower computer, according to the flow of a spraying main pipe monitored by an electromagnetic flowmeter, and simultaneously with reference to the water-fertilizer-pesticide ratio set by the upper computer, the input voltage of a fertilizer-pesticide delivery pump is changed under the regulation and control of a PID algorithm so as to change the rotating speed of the fertilizer-pesticide delivery pump, and fertilizer liquid or pesticide liquid with corresponding amount is injected into a water supply pipe for mixing, so that constant-ratio fertilizer injection and pesticide injection under dynamic flow are realized;
the mixed liquid is conveyed to the spray head through the spraying branch pipe, and then is sprayed to the rice seedlings through the spray head, so that large-width and large-scale rice seedling water fertilizer or pesticide spraying operation is realized.
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