CN115182045A - Preparation method of sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding - Google Patents
Preparation method of sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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Abstract
A preparation method of a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: constructing femtosecond laser processing equipment; step two: placing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber on an XYZ three-dimensional electric platform; step three: under the operation of a femtosecond surface laser micromachining device, the positions of a microscope objective and a three-dimensional electric platform are adjusted by observing a real-time image of a CCD (charge coupled device), so that laser is focused on the surface of a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber, the three-dimensional electric platform is controlled by a computer, program codes are compiled according to requirements, and parameters are regulated and controlled; step four: micromachining the sesquioxide single crystal fiber by using a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, and preparing a cladding optical waveguide structure in the sesquioxide single crystal fiber; step five: and calculating the propagation loss of the prepared coated sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device. The invention has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process and short preparation period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-processing of sesquioxide single crystal optical fibers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing performance of quartz optical fiber materials and the increasing development of optical fiber laser technology, the output power of optical fiber lasers is remarkably improved. However, for conventional fiber lasers, KW levels have reached the transmission limit of silica glass fibers due to the physical properties of the fiber material. The low thermal conductivity of silica glass causes large thermal gradients within the fiber and thermal lensing effects exacerbate the degradation of the beam quality. Although the thermal lens effect can be improved by lengthening the fiber length, the nonlinear effects such as Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) are also aggravated, and thus further improvement of the output power is limited to some extent. Therefore, the conventional silica optical fiber is difficult to satisfy the future demand for laser power.
The sesquioxide single crystal fiber is a novel high-performance optical material, has the advantages of both crystal and fiber, has the advantages of better thermal performance, higher melting point, smaller Brillouin scattering coefficient, higher damage threshold value, nonlinear effect threshold value and the like, and is the most effective method for breaking the power limit of the current fiber laser, obtaining higher output power and solving the problem of difficult heat dissipation of the high-power laser. In the face of the development trend of miniaturized and integrated lasers, the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber has good application prospect.
For the unclad sesquioxide single crystal fiber, the laser mode is more, the use environment is limited and the loss is too high. Therefore, in order to make the sesquioxide single crystal fiber practically used in a fiber laser, it is important to perform cladding treatment on the crystal. However, the existing sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber lacks effective optical fiber cladding technology, and the cladding methods mainly include coating method, sol-gel method, magnetron sputtering method, liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) method and co-drawing laser heating pedestal (CDLHPG) method, and Shasta attempted to prepare YAG cladding for sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using sol-gel method and control the viscosity of sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber according to the viscosity of YAG gelThe speed of the crystal fiber passing through the gel enables the gel to be uniformly attached to the surface of the sesquioxide single crystal fiber, but the prepared cladding has a fracture phenomenon; myers et al sonicate a YAG sesquioxide single crystal fiber of appropriate length in acetone or isopropanol by magnetron sputtering, passing Ar and O 2 The mixed gas is simultaneously used for realizing the uniform coverage of the cladding by a plurality of high-purity YAG sputtering targets, but the process lasts for hundreds of hours, the growth period of the cladding is too long, and the large-scale production is not facilitated; chien-Chih project group et al utilized a solution coating method to coat Ti: al (aluminum) 2 O 3 Preparation of crystalline Al on surface of sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 2 O 3 The cladding has lower cost and simple preparation process, but the defects of air holes and the like are easily generated in the cladding, and the compactness is poor. In order to solve the problems that the prepared cladding and fiber core material have poor matching degree of light and heat properties and high-efficiency optical waveguide is difficult to realize, a microstructure cladding suitable for a single crystal fiber core is urgently needed to be developed, so that the laser mode quality is improved, the thermal expansion difference is reduced, and the high-performance sesquioxide single crystal fiber laser output is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding, which is used for solving the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting up femtosecond laser processing equipment, wherein parameters are set as the working center wavelength of the femtosecond laser is 800 nm, the pulse width is 120 fs, the repetition frequency is 1 kHz, and the highest pulse energy is 1 mJ;
step two: cleaning the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using alcohol, cutting two ends of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using a cutting knife, keeping the end surface flat, and placing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber on an XYZ three-dimensional electric platform;
step three: under the operation of a femtosecond surface laser micromachining device, the positions of a microscope objective and a three-dimensional electric platform are adjusted by observing a real-time image of a CCD (charge coupled device), so that laser is focused on the surface of a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber, the three-dimensional electric platform is controlled by a computer, program codes are compiled according to requirements, and parameters are regulated and controlled;
step four: micromachining a sesquioxide single crystal fiber by using a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, and preparing a cladding optical waveguide structure inside the sesquioxide single crystal fiber through multiple scanning;
step five: and coupling the light emitted by the helium-neon laser into a waveguide structure by using a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device, thereby calculating the propagation loss of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber after the cladding is prepared.
The method for preparing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding adopts Re as the material 2 O 3 Ceramic crystal material, re = Y, sc, lu, gd.
The preparation method of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the step of preparing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding from Lu 2 O 3 A ceramic crystalline material.
In the method for preparing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding, the resolution of the medium XYZ three-dimensional electric platform in the horizontal direction, namely the XY direction, is 100 nm, and the resolution in the vertical direction, namely the Z direction, is 1 μm.
The method for preparing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the following steps of: the device comprises a femtosecond laser, a half-wave plate, a Glan Taylor prism, a filter plate, an electric shutter, an illumination light source, a computer, a controller, a CCD (charge coupled device), a lens, a beam splitter, a dichroic mirror, a microscope objective, a sesquioxide single crystal fiber and a three-dimensional electric platform.
The method for preparing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the following operation processes of: laser beam in the femto second laser instrument passes through half-wave plate, the polarization of rotatory in order to change the input light, reach behind the Glan Taylor prism again and carry out the filtering through the filter, the laser beam through electric shutter gets into the light path behind through the dichroic mirror, illuminating source gets into the light path behind the dichroic mirror, CCD passes through the beam splitter behind the lens again, the dichroic mirror arrives microscope objective, observe the real-time image on the CCD through the computer, and the electric shutter cooperation write-in procedure that the computer is connected, control the switch of femto second laser instrument, the computer in time adjusts the position of sesquioxide single crystal fiber at three-dimensional electronic platform through the controller, laser beam is finally focused on sesquioxide single crystal fiber through microscope objective, utilize the computer to set for the parameter of laser: the writing speed is 500 mu m/s, the transverse interval is 3 mu m, the writing depth is 1.5 mu m, and a large number of circular geometric shapes with equal interval and equal depth are formed inside the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by the laser through the matching of an electric shutter, a three-dimensional electric platform and a CCD; the refractive index of the written trace is reduced, the refractive index of the wrapping area is increased, and finally the total reflection of the laser in the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is realized.
In the method for manufacturing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding, the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device in the fifth step comprises a he-ne laser and a half-wave plate.
The method for preparing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the following steps: the light from the he-ne laser 16 is coupled into a waveguide structure, a half-wave plate 17 is placed in front of the microscope objective, rotated to convert the polarization of the input light; the CCD and the power meter are respectively arranged behind the microscope objective, the end face of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is imaged through the CCD, and meanwhile, the transmission loss is calculated through measuring output power and input power through the power meter.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process and short preparation period; the preparation method can freely regulate and control the writing depth length, and has high degree of freedom; various cutting structures can be designed, the structure is variable, and the use is convenient; the micro-processing process of the invention is high-quality non-heat processing, which avoids the heat damage of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber; the micromachining operation of the invention can effectively avoid the problem of poor matching degree of optical and thermal properties of the prepared cladding and fiber core materials, and can realize high-efficiency optical waveguide; meanwhile, the invention does not need to additionally add an additional cladding, thereby avoiding the problems of defects, poor compactness, poor surface uniformity and the like possibly caused by additionally preparing the cladding; in addition, the writing traces form a certain two-dimensional space closed geometric structure, the refractive index of a pulse laser irradiation area is obviously reduced, and the refractive index of a wrapping area is relatively increased, so that the single-mode transmission of laser is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a femtosecond surface laser micromachining operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a sesquioxide single crystal fiber of the present invention placed on a three-dimensional motorized platform;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sesquioxide single crystal fiber end-face coupling device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic end view of a single crystal optical fiber of the sesquioxide of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a femtosecond laser; 2. a half-wave plate; 3. a Glan Taylor prism; 4. a filter plate; 5. an electrically operated shutter; 6. an illumination light source; 7. a computer; 8. a controller; 9. a CCD; 10. a lens; 11. a beam splitter; 12. a dichroic mirror; 13. a microobjective; 14. a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber; 15. a three-dimensional electric platform; 16. a helium-neon laser; 17. a half-wave plate; 18. a sesquioxide single crystal fiber body; 19. and (4) air holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for preparing a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting up femtosecond laser processing equipment, wherein parameters are set as the working center wavelength of the femtosecond laser is 800 nm, the pulse width is 120 fs, the repetition frequency is 1 kHz, and the highest pulse energy is 1 mJ;
step two: cleaning the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using alcohol, cutting two ends of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using a cutting knife, keeping the end surface flat, and placing the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber on an XYZ three-dimensional electric platform;
step three: under the operation of a femtosecond surface laser micromachining device, the positions of a microscope objective and a three-dimensional electric platform are adjusted by observing a real-time image of a CCD (charge coupled device), so that laser is focused on the surface of a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber, the three-dimensional electric platform is controlled by a computer, program codes are compiled according to requirements, and parameters are regulated and controlled;
step four: micromachining a sesquioxide single crystal fiber by using a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, and preparing a cladding optical waveguide structure in the sesquioxide single crystal fiber through multiple scanning;
step five: and coupling the light emitted by the helium-neon laser into a waveguide structure by using a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device, thereby calculating the propagation loss of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber after the cladding is prepared.
Preferably, the material of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is Re 2 O 3 Ceramic crystal material, re = Y, sc, lu, gd.
Preferably, the material of the semi-oxide sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is Lu 2 O 3 A ceramic crystalline material.
Preferably, the resolution of the medium XYZ three-dimensional electric platform in the horizontal direction, namely the XY direction, is 100 nm, and the resolution in the vertical direction, namely the Z direction, is 1 μm.
Preferably, the femtosecond surface laser micromachining apparatus in step three includes: the device comprises a femtosecond laser 1, a half-wave plate 2, a Glan Taylor prism 3, a filter plate 4, an electric shutter 5, an illumination light source 6, a computer 7, a controller 8, a CCD 9, a lens 10, a beam splitter 11, a dichroic mirror 12, a microscope objective 13, a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 14 and a three-dimensional electric platform 15.
Preferably, the femtosecond surface laser micromachining device comprises the following operation processes: the laser beam in the femtosecond laser 1 passes through a half-wave plate 2, rotates to convert the polarization of input light, and then is filtered by a filter plate 4 after reaching a Glan-Taylor prism 3, the laser beam passing through an electric shutter 5 enters a light path after passing through a dichroic mirror 12, an illumination light source 6 enters the light path after passing through a beam splitter 11, a CCD 9 passes through a lens 10, then passes through the beam splitter 11 and the dichroic mirror 12 to reach a microscope objective 13, a real-time image on the CCD 9 is observed by a computer 7, and the electric shutter 5 connected with the computer 7 is matched with a write processing program to control the on and off of the femtosecond laser 1, the computer 7 timely adjusts the position of a sesquioxide single crystal fiber 14 on a three-dimensional electric platform 15 through a controller 8, the laser beam is finally focused on the sesquioxide single crystal fiber 14 through the microscope objective 13, and the parameters of the laser are set by the computer 7: the writing speed is 500 mu m/s, the transverse interval is 3 mu m, the writing depth is 1.5 mu m, and a large number of circular geometric shapes with equal interval and equal depth are formed inside the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 14 by the laser through the matching of the electric shutter 5, the three-dimensional electric platform 15 and the CCD 9; the refractive index of the written trace is reduced, the refractive index of the wrapping area is increased, and finally the total reflection of the laser in the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is realized.
Preferably, in the femtosecond laser surface micro-processing device, the microscope objective is 40 x, and NA =0.65.
Preferably, the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device in the fifth step comprises a helium-neon laser 16 and a half-wave plate 17.
Preferably, the use method of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device comprises the following steps: the light from the he-ne laser 16 is coupled into a waveguide structure, and a half-wave plate 17 is placed in front of the microscope objective 13 and rotated to convert the polarization of the input light; the CCD 9 and the power meter are respectively placed behind the microscope objective 13, and the end face of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 4 is imaged by the CCD 9, while the propagation loss is calculated by measuring the output power and the input power by the power meter.
Examples
1. The method comprises the step of micromachining a sesquioxide single crystal fiber by using a titanium gem femtosecond laser system, wherein the working center wavelength of the femtosecond laser is 800 nm, the pulse width is 120 fs, the repetition frequency is 1 kHz, and the highest pulse energy is 1 mJ.
2. In order to avoid crystal cracks formed by excessively high laser energy or obvious refractive index change which cannot be formed by excessively low laser energy in the writing process, the single pulse energy of the femtosecond laser is set to be 0.2-0.4 muJ after the femtosecond laser passes through optical elements such as a neutral filter, a half-wave plate and a linear polarizer.
3. After the prepared sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is wiped clean by alcohol, two ends of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber are partially cut by an optical fiber cutting machine, and the fact that the cross section of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is flat is guaranteed. It was placed on an XYZ three-dimensional electric stage having a horizontal direction (XY direction) resolution of 100 nm and a vertical direction (Z direction) resolution of 1 μm.
4. Because the femtosecond laser energy is very small, the laser beam can not be seen by naked eyes basically, and only real-time images can be acquired through the CCD. Adjusting a three-dimensional moving platform, enabling a laser beam to pass through a 40 multiplied microscope objective (Leica, NA = 0.65) and then roughly focus on a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber, observing weakly divergent red light appearing on a CCD through a computer, precisely moving the platform, enabling the divergent red light to be in a symmetrical shape on the optical fiber, and meanwhile finely adjusting the platform in the vertical direction to enable the brightness of a light spot on the optical fiber to be maximum, so that the laser is focused on the surface of the crystal optical fiber at the moment.
5. The electric shutter connected with the computer controls the switch of the femtosecond laser by matching with the writing processing program. The three-dimensional electric platform is controlled by a computer, program codes are written according to requirements, and parameters such as writing speed, writing depth and the like are regulated and controlled. While the CCD scans the sesquioxide single crystal fiber at a scanning rate of 500 μm/s, the femtosecond laser starts writing on the surface or inside of the sesquioxide single crystal fiber.
6. The lateral spacing between two adjacent writing traces was set to 3 μm, the writing depth was 1.5 μm, and a large number of circular geometries of equal spacing and equal depth were formed inside the sesquioxide single crystal fiber by multiple scans. The written tracks have a decreased refractive index and the cladding areas have a relatively increased refractive index, so that the laser light is transmitted inside the written annular tracks.
7. The light from the he-ne laser is coupled into a waveguide structure while a half-wave plate is placed between the 632.8 nm laser and the microscope objective 1, rotated to convert the polarization of the input light.
8. The CCD and the power meter are respectively arranged behind the microscope objective 2, the end face of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is imaged through the CCD, and meanwhile, the transmission loss is calculated through measuring the output power and the input power through the power meter.
As shown in fig. 1, a laser beam in the femtosecond laser 1 passes through the half-wave plate 2, rotates to convert polarization of input light, reaches the glantree prism 3 and then is filtered by the filter plate 4, the laser beam passing through the electric shutter 5 enters the optical path after passing through the dichroic mirror 12, the illumination light source 6 enters the optical path after passing through the beam splitter 11, the CCD 9 passes through the lens 10 and then passes through the beam splitter 11 and the dichroic mirror 12 to reach the microscope objective 13, the computer 7 observes a real-time image on the CCD 9, the electric shutter 5 connected with the computer 7 cooperates with a write-in processing program to control the on/off of the femtosecond laser 1, the computer 7 timely adjusts the position of the sesquioxide single crystal fiber 14 on the three-dimensional electric platform 15 through the controller 8, the laser beam is finally focused on the sesquioxide single crystal fiber 14 through the microscope objective 13, and the computer 7 sets parameters of the laser: the writing speed is 500 mu m/s, the transverse interval is 3 mu m, the writing depth is 1.5 mu m, and a large number of circular geometric shapes with equal interval and equal depth are formed inside the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 14 by the laser through the matching of the electric shutter 5, the three-dimensional electric platform 15 and the CCD 9; the refractive index of the written trace is reduced, the refractive index of the wrapping area is increased, and finally the total reflection of the laser in the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is realized.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 14 is placed on a three-dimensional motorized stage 15, and after the three-dimensional motorized stage 15 is adjusted, a laser beam is focused on the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 14 through a microscope objective 13.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the light emitted by he-ne laser 16 is coupled into a waveguide structure, and a half-wave plate 17 is placed in front of the microscope objective 13 and rotated to convert the polarization of the input light; the CCD 9 and the power meter are respectively placed behind the microscope objective 13, and the end face of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber 4 is imaged by the CCD 9, while the propagation loss is calculated by measuring the output power and the input power by the power meter.
As can be seen from fig. 4, fig. 4 shows an enlarged schematic view of the end face of the single crystal fiber. Through laser surface micromachining, small air holes 2 with equal distance, equal interval and equal depth are successfully realized in the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber body 1, so that the problems of defects, poor compactness, poor surface uniformity and the like which possibly occur when cladding is additionally prepared are solved without additionally adding extra cladding, a certain two-dimensional space closed geometric structure is formed by writing traces, the refractive index of a pulse laser irradiation area is obviously reduced, the refractive index of the cladding area is relatively increased, and the single-mode transmission of laser is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: setting up femtosecond laser processing equipment, wherein parameters are set as the working center wavelength of the femtosecond laser is 800 nm, the pulse width is 120 fs, the repetition frequency is 1 kHz, and the highest pulse energy is 1 mJ;
step two: cleaning the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using alcohol, cutting two ends of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by using a cutting knife, keeping the end surface flat, and placing the end surface on an XYZ three-dimensional electric platform;
step three: under the operation of a femtosecond surface laser micromachining device, the positions of a microscope objective and a three-dimensional electric platform are adjusted by observing a real-time image of a CCD (charge coupled device), so that laser is focused on the surface of a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber, the three-dimensional electric platform is controlled by a computer, program codes are compiled according to requirements, and parameters are regulated and controlled;
step four: micromachining a sesquioxide single crystal fiber by using a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, and preparing a cladding optical waveguide structure inside the sesquioxide single crystal fiber through multiple scanning;
step five: and coupling the light emitted by the helium-neon laser into a waveguide structure by using a sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device, thereby calculating the propagation loss of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber after the cladding is prepared.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the cladding comprises: the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is made of Re 2 O 3 Ceramic crystal material, re = Y, sc, lu, gd.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of forming the cladding comprises: the material of the semi-oxide sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is Lu 2 O 3 A ceramic crystal material.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the cladding comprises: the resolution of the medium XYZ three-dimensional electric platform in the horizontal direction, namely the XY direction, is 100 nm, and the resolution in the vertical direction, namely the Z direction, is 1 μm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the cladding comprises: the femtosecond surface laser micromachining device in the third step comprises: the device comprises a femtosecond laser, a half-wave plate, a Glan Taylor prism, a filter plate, an electric shutter, an illumination light source, a computer, a controller, a CCD (charge coupled device), a lens, a beam splitter, a dichroic mirror, a microscope objective, a sesquioxide single crystal fiber and a three-dimensional electric platform;
the operation process of the femtosecond surface laser micromachining device comprises the following steps: laser beam in the femtosecond laser passes through the half-wave plate, the polarization of input light is converted through rotation, the filtering is carried out through the filter plate after reaching the Glan Taylor prism, the laser beam passing through the electric shutter enters the light path after passing through the dichroic mirror, the illumination light source enters the light path after passing through the beam splitter, the CCD passes through the beam splitter after passing through the lens, the dichroic mirror reaches the microscope objective, observe the real-time image on the CCD through the computer, and the electric shutter matched write-in processing program connected with the computer, the switch of the femtosecond laser is controlled, the computer timely adjusts the position of the sesquioxide single crystal fiber on the three-dimensional electric platform through the controller, the laser beam is finally focused on the sesquioxide single crystal fiber through the microscope objective, the computer is utilized to set the parameters of the laser: the writing rate is 500 mu m/s, the transverse interval is 3 mu m, the writing depth is 1.5 mu m, and a large number of circular geometric shapes with equal interval and same depth are formed inside the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber by the laser through the matching of an electric shutter, a three-dimensional electric platform and a CCD; the refractive index of the written trace is reduced, the refractive index of the wrapping area is increased, and finally the total reflection of the laser in the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber is realized.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the cladding comprises: the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device in the fifth step comprises a helium-neon laser and a half-wave plate;
the use method of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber end face coupling device comprises the following steps: the light from the he-ne laser 16 is coupled into a waveguide structure, a half-wave plate 17 is placed in front of the microscope objective, rotated to convert the polarization of the input light; the CCD and the power meter are respectively arranged behind the microscope objective, the CCD is used for imaging the end face of the sesquioxide single crystal optical fiber, and the power meter is used for measuring output power and input power to calculate the propagation loss.
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