CN115176939A - Micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115176939A CN115176939A CN202210880011.8A CN202210880011A CN115176939A CN 115176939 A CN115176939 A CN 115176939A CN 202210880011 A CN202210880011 A CN 202210880011A CN 115176939 A CN115176939 A CN 115176939A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of S1: putting the feed-grade iced fresh sardines and squids into a meat grinder and grinding into coarse fish paste; s2: cooking and sterilizing; s3: carrying out enzymolysis; s4: adding krill meal into the crude fish paste, and grinding to form fine fish paste; s5: adding the fine fish paste into the micropterus salmoides premix, fish oil, soybean oil, phospholipid oil, fish and shrimp anti-disease and dekang premix and water, and fully emulsifying and homogenizing by adopting a high-pressure homogenizer; s6: drying by a spray dryer; s7: drying, shaping and granulating by adopting a boiling dryer. The micropterus salmoides opening material comprises 50-80 parts of feed-grade iced fresh sardine, 20-50 parts of squid, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of fish and shrimp anti-disease agent, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 5-8 parts of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and particularly relates to a micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard fry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Micropterus salmoides (Micropterus salmoides) which is a scientific name, has delicious meat quality and no muscle prick and is deeply loved by the majority of consumers. With the comprehensive popularization of the artificial compound feed for cultivating the micropterus salmoides, the cultivation scale of the micropterus salmoides is increased year by year, and 60 ten thousand tons of micropterus salmoides are broken through in recent years. The micropterus salmoides as a carnivorous fish is not tolerant to starch, and the growth performance and the body health of the micropterus salmoides are seriously and negatively influenced by long-term ingestion of high-starch-containing feed, so that the micropterus salmoides have glycolipid metabolism syndrome, frequent diseases and rapid increase of death quantity, and the further development of the breeding industry is restricted, therefore, the micropterus salmoides have important practical significance for developing starch-free feed in the seedling stage.
At present, the culture of the micropterus salmoides fry is mostly developed in a soil pond, the survival rate of the fry is lower due to the influence of weather change, water quality and biological bait, the efficiency is low, the health of the fry is threatened, and the development of subsequent culture is restricted. Therefore, in recent years, industrial micropterus salmoides fry breeding arose, but due to the fact that natural bait supply is unstable and scale effect is difficult to form, the bottleneck problem can be effectively solved by developing and aiming at micropterus salmoides starter feed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems raised by the above background art, the present invention is directed to: aims to provide a micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling comprises the following steps:
s1: putting the feed-grade iced fresh sardines and squids into a meat grinder and grinding into coarse fish paste;
s2: cooking and sterilizing;
s3: carrying out enzymolysis;
s4: adding krill meal into the crude fish paste, and grinding to form fine fish paste;
s5: adding the fine fish paste into the Micropterus salmoides premix, fish oil, soybean oil, phospholipid oil, fish and shrimp anti-disease and Dekang premix and water, and fully emulsifying and homogenizing by adopting a high-pressure homogenizer;
s6: drying by a spray dryer;
s7: drying, shaping and granulating by adopting a fluidized bed dryer.
Further limiting, in the step 1, the feed grade chilled sardine is 50-80 parts by weight, and the squid is 20-50 parts by weight.
In the step 2, the specific conditions for steam sterilization are 95 ℃ and 8 minutes of sterilization.
Further limiting, in the step 3, the specific conditions of enzymolysis include adding protease 1% of the weight of the crude fish paste, and performing enzymolysis for 24 hours, wherein the protease includes trypsin and acid protease.
In the step 4, the weight part of the krill meal is 10-20 parts, and the ground finished product is 20-50um.
Further defined, in the step 5, each 1kg of California weever premix comprises 100 ten thousand IU of VA, 325 thousand IU of VD, 8.0g of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 3.0g of VK, 1.0 g of VB, 1.6g of VB, 6.6 g of VB, 12.0 Mg of VB, 7.0g of D-calcium pantothenate, 12.0g of nicotinamide, 0.4g of folic acid, 16Mg of D-biotin, 24.0g of inositol, 62.0g of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, 1.5g of Zn, 1.25g of Mn, 0.7g of Cu, 12g of Fe, 0.15g of Co, 0.1g of I, 0.015g of Se, 3.5g of Mg and 6.0g of K; every 1kg of Dekang premix comprises inositol 2.0g, chitosan 60g, selenium 0.02-0.3mg, ferrum 3-20g, and DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate more than 2.0 g; each 1kg of the product comprises vitamin A25.0-40.0 ten thousand IU, DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate 2.0g or more, vitamin C3.0 g or more, and selenium 0.15-0.5mg.
In the step 5, by weight, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of fish and shrimp antioxidant, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 5-8 parts of water are further defined.
Further limiting, in the step 6, the specific conditions of the spray drying are that the air inlet temperature is 205 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 100 ℃, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is 20%.
In step 7, the specific conditions of the boiling granulation are that the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃ and the drying time is 40-60 minutes.
The invention also provides a micropterus salmoides opening material obtained by the preparation method of the micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the micropterus salmoides opening material comprises the following components in parts by weight,
50-80 parts of feed-grade iced fresh sardine, 20-50 parts of squid, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of Yuxianbao, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 5-8 parts of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the feed has balanced nutrition, and meets the nutritional requirements of the fry;
2. the bait has strong food calling performance, is prepared from the iced fresh sardines and krill meal, is rich in food calling substances of animal raw materials, accords with the natural food calling performance of carnivorous fishes, does not contain substances difficult to digest such as chitosan and fiber, and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of fry of which the digestive system is not completely developed;
3. the technology does not use saccharides which cannot be tolerated by carnivorous fishes and binders which are difficult to digest and absorb, and mainly comprises the steps of fully mixing and wrapping colloid generated by cooking the iced fresh sardines with other nutrients in a homogenizing process, primarily forming by spray drying, and finally completely forming by a boiling dryer;
4. the opening material can completely replace natural bait, is produced in large scale and batch, and can meet the requirement of industrial standard seedlings.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further illustrate the present invention.
According to the provided preparation method of the micropterus salmoides starter feed, the micropterus salmoides starter feed is prepared;
the starter feed comprises a type I starter feed, a type II starter feed and a type III starter feed;
the type I starter feed comprises the following components of 50 parts of feed grade iced fresh sardine, 20 parts of squid, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of soybean oil, 1 part of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of Yuxianbao, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 5 parts of water;
the type II starter feed comprises 65 parts of feed grade iced fresh sardine, 35 parts of squid, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of fish and shrimp antibiotic, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 6.5 parts of water;
the III type starter feed comprises 80 parts of feed grade iced fresh sardine, 50 parts of squid, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of fish and shrimp anti-disease agent, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 8 parts of water;
rotifer and cladocera are used as natural bait.
Example I: determination of loss rate of starter feed
The three types of open feed are measured, the protein content is 51.54 percent, 3g of the feed is taken, the feed is put into an aquarium with oxygen enrichment, 2-3 cm long micropterus salmoides fries (5L of pure water prepared by a water purifier in the aquarium, 500 fries in number and 100 fries/L in density) are kept in the aquarium, the feed is directly fed, all the aquaculture water is taken out 30min after the feed is fed, 100ml of water is taken to measure the protein content in the water, the dissolution rate = the protein content in the water/the nitrogen content in the feed, 6 groups of experiments are carried out totally, each open feed is measured twice respectively, the results are shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 feed dissolution rate
| 1 (type I) | 2 (type I) | 3 (type II) | 4 (type II) | 5 (III type) | 6 (III type) | |
| Rate of solution loss | 3.5％ | 2.9％ | 3.8％ | 4.2％ | 3.7％ | 4.2％ |
As can be seen from the above table, in 6 experiments, the minimum dissolution rate was 2.9%, and the maximum dissolution rate was 4.2%.
Example II: evaluation of openings
The control group adopts natural bait consisting of rotifers and cladocera, the experimental group adopts starter feed obtained by the preparation method, the experimental period is 12 days, 6 groups of experiments are carried out totally, the length (average body weight and survival rate) of 1000 micropterus salmoides is evaluated, the results are shown in a table 3, the starter feeding proportion and the results are shown in a table 2,
TABLE 2 open feed ratio
| Grouping | Natural bait | Feed for starter |
| 1 (type I) | 82％ | 84％ |
| 2 (type I) | 83％ | 80％ |
| 3 (type II) | 79％ | 90％ |
| 4 (type II) | 85％ | 88％ |
| 5 (III type) | 78％ | 87％ |
| 6 (III type) | 85％ | 79％ |
TABLE 3.10 days later, growth of Micropterus salmoides
As can be seen from table 2, in the overall situation, the initial feeding effect of the initial feed on micropterus salmoides seedlings is superior to that of the natural bait, and especially in the 3 groups, the initial feeding rate of the initial feed reaches 90%, while the initial feeding rate of the natural bait is only 79%;
as can be seen from Table 3, the starter feed is superior to natural feed in both weight and survival rate.
In conclusion, the micropterus salmoides opening material obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following components:
1. the feed has balanced nutrition, and meets the nutritional requirements of the fry;
2. the bait has strong feeding attraction, is prepared from the iced fresh sardines and krill meal, is rich in feeding attraction substances of animal raw materials, accords with the natural feeding attraction of carnivorous fishes, does not contain substances which are difficult to digest, such as chitosan, fiber and the like, and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of fry of which the digestive system is not completely developed;
3. the technology does not use saccharides which cannot be tolerated by carnivorous fishes and binders which are difficult to digest and absorb, and mainly comprises the steps of fully and uniformly mixing colloid generated by cooking the chilled sardines with other nutrients in a homogenizing process, wrapping the colloid, primarily forming the colloid by spray drying, and finally completely forming the colloid by a boiling dryer;
4. the opening material can completely replace natural bait, is produced in large scale and batch, and can meet the requirement of industrial standard seedlings.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its efficacy, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: putting the feed-grade iced fresh sardines and squids into a meat grinder and grinding into coarse fish paste;
s2: cooking and sterilizing;
s3: carrying out enzymolysis;
s4: adding krill meal into the crude fish paste for grinding to form fine fish paste;
s5: adding the fine fish paste into the micropterus salmoides premix, fish oil, soybean oil, phospholipid oil, fish and shrimp anti-disease and dekang premix and water, and fully emulsifying and homogenizing by adopting a high-pressure homogenizer;
s6: drying by a spray dryer;
s7: drying, shaping and granulating by adopting a boiling dryer.
2. The method for preparing micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial seedling marking according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the feed-grade iced fresh sardine is 50-80 parts by weight, and the squid is 20-50 parts by weight.
3. The method for preparing micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial seedling marking according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, the specific conditions of the cooking sterilization are that the sterilization is carried out for 8 minutes at the temperature of 95 ℃.
4. The method for preparing micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial seedling marking according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the specific condition of enzymolysis is to add protease which is 1% of the weight of the crude fish paste for enzymolysis for 24 hours, wherein the protease comprises trypsin and acid protease.
5. The method for preparing the micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seeding according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 4, the weight parts of the krill meal are 10-20 parts, and the ground finished product is 20-50um.
6. The method for preparing the micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seeding according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step 5, each 1kg of California perch premix comprises 100 ten thousand IU of VA, 325 ten thousand IU of VD, 8.0g of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, 32.0g of VK, 12.0g of VB12, 21.6g of VB61.6g, 125.0mg of VB125, 7.0g of D-calcium pantothenate, 12.0g of nicotinamide, 0.4g of folic acid, 16mg of D-biotin, 24.0g of inositol, 62.0g of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, zn1.5g, mn1.25g, cu0.7g, fe12g, co0.15g, I0.1g, se0.015g, mg3.5g and K6.0g; every 1kg of Dekang premix comprises inositol 2.0g, chitosan 60g, selenium 0.02-0.3mg, ferrum 3-20g, and DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate more than 2.0 g; each 1kg of the fish and shrimp antibiotic medicine comprises vitamin A25.0-40.0 ten thousand IU, DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate more than 2.0g, vitamin C more than 3.0g and selenium 0.15-0.5mg.
7. The method for preparing micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial seedling marking according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 5, by weight, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of fish and shrimp anti-disease agent, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 5-8 parts of water.
8. The method for preparing micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial seedling marking according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 6, the specific conditions of spray drying are that the air inlet temperature is 205 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 100 ℃, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is 20%.
9. The method for preparing a micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seeding according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step 7, the specific conditions of boiling granulation are that the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 40-60 minutes.
10. The micropterus salmoides opening material obtained by the preparation method of micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seeding, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the micropterus salmoides opening material comprises the following components in parts by weight,
50-80 parts of feed grade iced fresh sardine, 20-50 parts of squid, 1 part of micropterus salmoides premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of fish and shrimp anti-disease agent, 0.5 part of dekang premix and 5-8 parts of water.
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| CN202210880011.8A CN115176939A (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Micropterus salmoides opening material suitable for industrial standard seedling and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104799128A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-07-29 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Micropterus salmoides adult fish compound feed |
| CN107114601A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-09-01 | 广东君有饲料有限公司 | A kind of largemouth bass fry is without starch opening mixed feed |
| CN109845918A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-06-07 | 珠海市德海生物科技有限公司 | Low meal compound feed of a kind of largemouth bass and preparation method thereof |
| CN110367397A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-10-25 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | A kind of largemouth bass expanded pellet diet of ultralow starch and preparation method thereof |
| CN112167474A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-01-05 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | Micropterus salmoides expanded feed with ultrahigh digestibility and food calling performance and preparation method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-07-25 CN CN202210880011.8A patent/CN115176939A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104799128A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-07-29 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Micropterus salmoides adult fish compound feed |
| CN107114601A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-09-01 | 广东君有饲料有限公司 | A kind of largemouth bass fry is without starch opening mixed feed |
| CN109845918A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-06-07 | 珠海市德海生物科技有限公司 | Low meal compound feed of a kind of largemouth bass and preparation method thereof |
| CN110367397A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-10-25 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | A kind of largemouth bass expanded pellet diet of ultralow starch and preparation method thereof |
| CN112167474A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-01-05 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | Micropterus salmoides expanded feed with ultrahigh digestibility and food calling performance and preparation method thereof |
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