CN115176934A

CN115176934A - Herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115176934A
Application number: CN202210693325.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕慧源; 薛兴华; 齐琼; 王志明; 武如娟; 梁伟; 李明; 黄雪利; 马绍航; 王秀敏
Original assignee: Centre Inner Mongolia Technology Co ltd; Edison Beijing Biotechnology Co ltd; Beijing Centre Biology Co ltd
Current assignee: Centre Inner Mongolia Technology Co ltd; Edison Beijing Biotechnology Co ltd; Beijing Centre Biology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-17
Filing date: 2022-06-17
Publication date: 2022-10-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant and application thereof, wherein the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant comprises the following components: earthworm hydrolysate, dimethyl-propitioxetine, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, amino acid composition, fumei and rice bran meal; wherein, the earthworm hydrolysate is 5 to 40 parts, the dimethyl-propitioxetine is 10 to 15 parts, the trimethylamine oxide is 15 to 30 parts, and the betaine is 15 to 40 parts by weight. The phagostimulant for the herbivorous fish feed can increase the phagostimulant smell of the feed, stimulate the sensory organs of fish, and promote the ingestion speed and food intake of the fish, thereby accelerating the growth, simultaneously reducing the feed residue in a water body, improving the feed utilization rate, reducing the secondary pollution of excess feed to the water body, keeping the culture environment good, reducing the occurrence of diseases and improving the survival rate. The invention has low production cost, high yield of active ingredients and remarkable economic benefit.

Description

Herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a phagostimulant, in particular to a herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant and application thereof.

Background

The phagostimulant belongs to a non-nutritive feed additive, can improve the palatability and the smell of the feed, enhance the appetite of animals, improve the feeding speed and the feeding amount of the animals, improve the secretion of digestive enzyme, promote the digestive absorption and the utilization of the feed, and the like, and improve the growth performance. The feeding behavior of aquatic animals is stimulated by soluble chemical components in the bait in addition to physical stimulation of food (particle size, shape, hardness, luster, color, etc.). The aquatic animal senses the phagostimulant through the visual and chemical sensors of the aquatic animal. The vision of aquatic animals can sense the color stimulation of food and the shade of light, the smell enables fishes to have the capability of sensing smell in water, and the stimulation of low-concentration chemical substances in the water can be distinguished, so that the fishes can find and distinguish the food.

Research shows that different fishes like different smells, carnivorous fishes like animal baits with heavy fishy smell, and carps, crucian carps, silver carps, grass and other fishes like plant baits with aromatic smell. Amino acid, nucleotide, fatty acid, betaine, organic acid and the like have certain stimulation effect on fish taste, and practice proves that the single or simple matching of the substances can only play a food calling effect in a short time, and the effect is not obvious after long-time use. The reason is that although the phagostimulant with the phagostimulant effect is added, the digestion and absorption of the feed cannot be improved although the food intake is increased, and the digestion and absorption of the vegetable protein in the feed is low, so that the excessive intake of the vegetable protein can cause dyspepsia, influence the health of a digestive system and further influence the growth of aquatic animals. Therefore, it is a demand to develop a phagostimulant for aquatic feeds, which has a long-term phagostimulant effect and can improve the digestion and absorption of the aquatic feeds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a phagostimulant for herbivorous fishes, which is added into a compound feed to enhance the food intake, promote the growth, reduce the feed coefficient and keep the health of fishes.

The phagostimulant provided by the invention has partial sweet taste on the whole, and is specific to herbivorous fishes, such as carps, crucian carps, chubs, grass and the like; especially, the food calling effect of grass carp and carp is best.

The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight: earthworm hydrolysate, dimethyl-propitioxetine, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, amino acid composition, fumei and rice bran meal;

wherein, the earthworm hydrolysate is 5 to 40 parts, the dimethyl-propionic acid thetine is 10 to 15 parts, the trimethylamine oxide is 15 to 30 parts, and the betaine is 15 to 40 parts.

In the experimental process, the earthworm hydrolysate with the concentration of 10-15 parts is added into the feed to achieve the best food calling effect; in the whole formula, when the concentration of the earthworm hydrolysate is increased to 40 parts, the concentration of the earthworm hydrolysate is not obviously different from that of 15 parts; DMPT has an excellent food calling effect at a concentration of 10 to 15 parts, TMAO at a concentration of 15 to 30 parts, and betaine at a concentration of 15 to 40 parts.

Preferably, the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 10-15 parts of dimethyl-propionic acid thetine (DMPT), 15-30 parts of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), 15-40 parts of betaine, 5-10 parts of amino acid composition, 20-25 parts of Fumei and 5-10 parts of rice bran meal.

Wherein the amino acid composition comprises at least two of glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine and taurine.

Preferably, the amino acid composition comprises glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine and taurine in a weight ratio of 2.5 to 3.5 to 4.5;

more preferably, the amino acid composition is glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine and taurine in a weight ratio of 3.

The amino acid promotes the ingestion of aquatic animals by improving the taste sense of the feed, and in the experiment, the single or 2 amino acids are tried to be simply matched to play a food calling effect only in a short time, and the effect is not obvious; compared with single or two amino acids, the amino acid combination provided by the invention has no obvious improvement on the food calling effect in a short time in the application process; but has significant advantages over long term use.

Wherein the Ganfume is available from Taile science and technology, inc., beijing.

The enriching feed is a pure Chinese herbal medicine additive, contains a certain amount of nutrients such as protein, amino acid, saccharide, grease, mineral substances, vitamins and plant pigments, and also contains a large amount of alkaloid, volatile oil, glycosides, organic acid, tannin, polysaccharide, various bioactive substances with immune effect and unknown growth promoting active substances, and the components can improve the food calling property of the feed;

although the food intake is increased after the phagostimulant with the food calling effect is added; but the increase of food intake also increases the burden of digestion; the vegetable protein in the feed is low in digestion and absorption, and excessive intake of the vegetable protein can cause dyspepsia and affect the health of a digestive system, so that the growth of aquatic animals is affected, and the food calling effect is gradually reduced. On the basis of optimizing the phagostimulant, the invention adds the enriching food with a specific proportion, can effectively promote the health of liver and gall functions, enhance the metabolic function, promote the digestion and absorption of food and keep better food calling.

In the research and development process of the invention, the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant adopting the following formula has better food calling effect, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 10-15 parts of dimethyl-propitioxetine, 18-25 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 25-30 parts of betaine, 5-8 parts of amino acid composition, 20-25 parts of Fumei and 5-9 parts of rice bran meal.

Particularly, the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9-10 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 12-13 parts of dimethyl-propitioxetine, 18-20 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 28-30 parts of betaine, 7-8 parts of amino acid composition, 23-25 parts of Fumei and 8-9 parts of rice bran meal;

wherein the amino acid composition comprises glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine and taurine in a weight ratio of 3.

The invention also provides an optimal scheme, and the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant comprises the following components:

10 parts earthworm hydrolysate, 12 parts DMPT,18 parts TMAO,30 parts betaine, 8 parts amino acid composition (15% glycine, 20% l-histidine, 15% l-glutamic acid, 20% l-lysine, 10% alanine, 20% taurine), 25 parts garmet and 8 parts rice bran meal.

The earthworm hydrolysate provided by the invention is prepared by the following method: grinding earthworms, adding protease and lipase, carrying out enzymolysis for 6-10 hours at a weak acid condition of 40-50 ℃, and inactivating enzymes;

wherein 0.005% propyl hydroxybenzoate was added simultaneously with the addition of the enzyme.

Specifically, the earthworm hydrolysate is prepared by the following method:

weighing 10kg of earthworms, removing surface impurities, grinding in an earthworm grinding machine, adding 200000IU protease, 50000IU lipase and 0.005% propyl hydroxybenzoate into earthworm grinding liquid, uniformly mixing, adding purified water according to the proportion of 1, carrying out enzymolysis for 8h at the temperature of 45 ℃ and the pH value of 6, and then carrying out high-temperature enzyme inactivation, wherein both the supernatant and the precipitate can be used as enzymolysis liquid.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant in the phagostimulant for the herbivorous fishes.

Wherein the addition amount of the phagostimulant of the herbivorous fish feed in the fish feed is 0.1-0.3%.

The phagostimulant for herbivorous fishes, disclosed by the invention, can be used for herbivorous and omnivorous fishes such as grass carps, silver carps, breams and the like, can improve the smell of a compound feed, stimulate sensory organs of the fishes and promote ingestion, so that the growth is accelerated, and on the other hand, the phagostimulant induces ingestion, so that the residual feed in a water body is reduced, the feed utilization rate is improved, the pollution of excess feed to the water body is reduced, the disease risk is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.

The phagostimulant can increase the food intake and food intake speed of fish, increase a large amount of food intake and liver burden, and promote the digestion and absorption of food and prevent liver diseases by adding richness.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the feeding rates of the phagostimulants of examples 1 to 6 and the control group for grass carp;

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the food intake of the phagostimulants of examples 1 to 6 and the control group on grass carp;

figure 3 is a graph comparing the food calling effect of the food calling agents provided in example 1 and example 7.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a herbivorous fish phagostimulant which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

5 parts earthworm hydrolysate, 15 parts DMPT,20 parts TMAO,25 parts betaine, 5 parts amino acid composition (15% glycine, 20% L-histidine, 15% L-glutamic acid, 20% L-lysine, 10% alanine, 20% taurine) 25 parts Fumei, 9 parts rice bran meal.

Example 2

10 parts earthworm hydrolysate, 12 parts DMPT,18 parts TMAO,30 parts betaine, 8 parts amino acid composition (15% glycine, 20% l-histidine, 15% l-glutamic acid, 20% l-lysine, 10% alanine, 20% taurine) 25 parts camei, 8 parts rice bran meal.

Example 3

7 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 10 parts of DMPT,25 parts of TMAO,25 parts of betaine, 6 parts of amino acid composition (15% glycine, 20% L-histidine, 15% L-glutamic acid, 20% L-lysine, 10% alanine, 20% taurine) 23 parts of Ume-enriched, 5 parts of rice bran meal.

Example 4

This example provides a phagostimulant for herbivorous fishes, which is different from example 2 only in that the amount of earthworm hydrolysate is 15 parts.

Example 5

This example provides a phagostimulant for herbivorous fishes, which is different from example 2 only in that 20 parts of earthworm hydrolysate are used.

Example 6

This example provides a phagostimulant for herbivorous fishes, which is different from example 2 only in that 25 parts of earthworm hydrolysate is used.

Example 7

This example provides a phagostimulant for herbivorous fish, which differs from example 2 only in that the amino acid composition comprises 50% glycine and 50% L-histidine.

Test example 1

The advantageous effects of the present invention can be confirmed by the following tests.

1. The experimental grouping information is shown in Table 1

TABLE 1 test grouping

Test grouping	Adding amount of
		Example 1	0.3％
Example 2	0.3％
		Example 3	0.3％
Example 4	0.3％
		Example 5	0.3％
Example 6	0.3％
		Control group
	0％

2. The experimental feed formulation is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 grass carp feed formula

3. Test method

The test fingerling is grass carp, and the feeding test is carried out in an indoor recirculating aquaculture water vat (the volume is about 100L). 300 fish larvae with a weight of about 25g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 3 replicates each, with 25 fish replicates each. The animals were kept for 1 week before the start of the experiment and fed with normal feed. After the experiment begins, preparing the feed according to each group of experiments, feeding for 1 time each day according to 09 and 17, wherein the feeding amount is 3% -5% of the body weight, feeding is quantitatively performed every time, the ingestion speed is recorded, the feeding amount is adjusted according to the ingestion condition, the rest baits are fished out and dried, and the daily ingestion amount is calculated. During the experiment, the sewage is discharged every day, and water is changed for 1 time every day, wherein the water change amount is about 1/3. During the test, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 2mg/L, the nitrite concentration is less than 0.01mg/L, the dissolved oxygen content is more than 5.0mg/L, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0. The feeding test is stage 30.

4. Growth indicator determination

Specific growth rate (%/d) = (lnW 2-lnW 1)/t × 100;

weight gain (%) = (W2-W1)/W1;

daily gain (g/d) = (W2-W1)/t;

bait coefficient = F/(W2-W1)

Liver to body ratio = Wg/W2

In the formula: w1-initial weight (g) of grass carp;

w2-grass carp powder weight (g);

t-test time (d);

f-total feed intake (g);

wg-liver weight

5. Test results

TABLE 3 initial fish body number and weight for each test group

Test group	Total weight/g	Number/end	Average weight/g
				Example 1	1953	75	26.04
Example 2	1974	75	26.32
				Example 3	1978.5	75	26.38
Example 4	1980.75	75	26.41
				Example 5	1967.25	75	26.23
Example 6	1979.06	75	26.39
				Control group	1969.5	75	26.26

As can be seen from Table 3, the initial average weight of fish bodies ranged from 26.04 to 26.41g for each test group, and there was no significant difference between the groups.

(1) Rate of food intake

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the feeding rates of the phagostimulants of examples 1 to 6 and the control group on grass carp feeding rates. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the fish feeding rate was higher in each test group than in the control group, with feeding time significantly lower in example 2 than in the other groups.

(2) Food intake

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the food intake of the phagostimulants of examples 1 to 6 and the control group to grass carp. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the fish food intake of each test group is higher than that of the control group, wherein the food intake of the groups of examples 2 and 4 is obviously higher than that of the other groups, the food intake of the test groups of examples 1, 3, 5 and 6 is similar, the food intake of examples 5 and 6 is slightly higher, and the food intake of the control group is lowest.

(3) Growth index

TABLE 4 influence of phagostimulant on growth index of grass carp

As can be seen from Table 4, the groups of example 2 and example 4 all had significantly higher total food intake, weight gain rate, specific growth rate of daily gain than the control group, and higher than the groups of example 1, example 3, example 5 and example 6; the bait coefficients of the groups of examples 1 to 6 were all lower than those of the control group; example 2 the lowest liver volume ratio index was followed by the groups of examples 4, 3, 1, 5, 6 and the control group, each group had relatively healthy livers with no lesions, and the control group had a higher liver volume than the control group but no apparent lesions.

Through the tests, the groups of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 in the invention have positive feedback effects superior to other groups in feeding speed, feeding amount and growth indexes of the grass carps, wherein the bait coefficient, liver body ratio and weight gain rate of the group of the embodiment 2 have better effects, and the phagostimulant provided by the embodiment 2 has lower cost and more cost performance.

Test example 2

Comparing the feed phagostimulants provided in example 2 and example 7; specifically, the same manner as in test example 1 was employed; the feed, the addition amount of the phagostimulant (0.3%) and the feeding mode are the same. Wherein, the phagostimulant in the example 2 is a test group A, and the phagostimulant in the example 7 is a test group B; 75 fish in groups A and B; divided into 3 groups of 25 tails each; the feeding test was carried out for a period of 60 days, and was weighed in three times, 1 panel each time. Weighing for the first time at 15 days of feeding; weighing for the second time when the livestock is raised for 30 days; the third time was weighed at 60 days of rearing.

TABLE 5 initial number and weight of fish bodies in each test group

As can be seen from Table 5, the initial average fish weight of each test group ranged from 26.08 to 26.35g, and there was no significant difference between the groups.

As can be seen from fig. 3, the feeding rate of example 2 (group a) was gradually increased and decreased within 30 days of cultivation, and the feeding rate of example 7 (group B) was gradually decreased 15 days before cultivation, which was not significantly different from that of example 2 (group a), and the feeding rates of the two groups were gradually differentiated after 15 days, thereby demonstrating that amino acids have an important effect on the feeding promoting property of fish, and that a single amino acid or a simple amino acid combination does not have a lasting effect on the feeding promoting property of fish, and the effect of long-term feeding addition of feeding promoting agent is gradually decreased.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant is characterized by comprising the following components: earthworm hydrolysate, dimethyl-propitioxetine, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, amino acid composition, fumei and rice bran meal;

wherein, the earthworm hydrolysate is 5 to 40 parts by weight, the dimethyl-propionic acid thetine is 10 to 15 parts by weight, the trimethylamine oxide is 15 to 30 parts by weight, and the betaine is 15 to 40 parts by weight.

2. The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 10-15 parts of dimethyl-propitioxetine, 15-30 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 15-40 parts of betaine, 5-10 parts of amino acid composition, 20-25 parts of Fumei and 5-10 parts of rice bran meal.

3. The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant of claim 1, wherein the amino acid composition comprises at least two of glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine, taurine.

4. The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant according to claim 2, wherein the amino acid composition is glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine, and taurine in a weight ratio of 2.5 to 3.5 to 4.5; preferably, the amino acid composition comprises glycine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, alanine and taurine in a weight ratio of 3.

5. The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 10-15 parts of dimethyl-propitioxetine, 18-25 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 25-30 parts of betaine, 5-8 parts of amino acid composition, 20-25 parts of Fumei and 5-9 parts of rice bran meal.

6. The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of earthworm hydrolysate, 12-13 parts of dimethyl-propitioxetine, 18-20 parts of trimethylamine oxide, 28-30 parts of betaine, 7-8 parts of amino acid composition, 23-25 parts of Fumei and 8-9 parts of rice bran meal;

7. The herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the earthworm hydrolysate is prepared by a method comprising: after the earthworms are ground, protease and lipase are added for enzymolysis for 6 to 10 hours under the weak acid condition that the temperature is 40 to 50 ℃, and the enzyme is deactivated.

8. The phagostimulant for herbivorous fish feed according to claim 6, wherein 0.005% propylparaben is added simultaneously with the addition of the enzyme.

9. Use of the herbivorous fish feed phagostimulant according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for phagostimulant herbivorous fish.

10. The use according to claim 8, wherein the phagostimulant for herbivorous fish feed is added to the fish feed in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3%.

11. The use according to claim 9, wherein the herbivorous fish is grass carp, silver carp, carp or bream.